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Endoplasmic reticulum is an important organelle in eukaryotic cells, which is responsible for the folding, processing and transportation of secretory proteins. A variety of stimuli inside and outside cells can lead to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in abnormal structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is called endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy is an important endogenous mechanism to alleviate ERS. It is often considered as a cell protective procedure, which participates in many important physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune response, inflammatory response and cell proliferation. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy is an important endogenous protective mechanism to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and restore the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, through eliminating redundant and disabled endoplasmic reticulum membrane and macromolecular protein complexes, which is critical to cell function and fate. This paper reviews the types of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, related specific receptors, main regulatory mechanisms, and its role and significance in the related diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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