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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of 2 cases of styloid-carotid syndrome(SCS) and review the literature to enhance understanding of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, and diagnosis and treatment of 2 patients with SCS admitted to the Neurology Department of Kaifeng Central Hospital. Additionally, relevant literature was searched through domestic and foreign databases such as PubMed, WOS, Embase, CNKI and VIP. The clinical characteristics of SCS were summarized based on the literature results. Results The 2 cases were diagnosed as transient cerebral ischemia (TIA) combined with SCS through head and neck CT angiography (CTA) and styloid process CT. Apart from the 2 cases treated in our hospital, a total of 11 cases of SCS have been reported in Chinese and English literature up to October 2023. Among the 13 cases, 11 cases (84.6%) started with episodic TIA symptoms, and 11 cases (84.6%) had obvious inducing factors related to specific head position changes. Common clinical manifestations included unilateral limb weakness with or without sensory disturbance (10 cases, 76.9%), slurred speech (7 cases, 53.8%), unilateral limb sensation disorder (4 cases, 30.7%), syncope (3 cases, 23.1%) and amaurosis (2 cases, 15.4%). All 13 cases underwent 64-row head and neck CTA examination, and 6 cases (46.2%) dynamically observed the changes in blood flow velocity through examinations such as transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), cervical vascular ultrasound, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). All patients were followed up for more than 3 months; and 10 cases (76.9%) achieved clinical cure after treatment, of which 8 cases underwent styloid process shortening surgery; 3 cases (23.1%) achieved clinical symptom improvement after treatment. Conclusions For patients with recurrent TIA and/or cerebral infarction, it is necessary to identify whether there are inducing factors related to specific body position changes. For patients highly suspected of SCS, routine examinations such as styloid process CT and 64-row head and neck CTA should be performed, and if necessary, whole brain DSA, dynamic TCD and/or carotid ultrasound should be conducted to guide the diagnosis and treatment. When non-surgical treatment is ineffective, radical styloid process truncation can be considered as a treatment option.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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