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The Golgi apparatus (GA), an essential membrane organelle in eukaryotes positioned between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, is responsible for transporting and modifying proteins and lipids generated by the endoplasmic reticulum. The homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum and GA plays a crucial role in regulating cellular life. When GA is unable to bear the load of protein or lipid processing and transportation, it enters a state of stress. Cells sense this and activate Golgi-related quality control mechanisms. By regulating the structure and function of GA, it provides important protection for the cell or induces programmed cell death, known as the GA stress response. Understanding the mechanisms and outcomes of cellular GA stress is of great significance for exploring Golgi dynamics and its impact on human diseases. This review summarizes the structure and function of GA under physiological conditions, the phenomenon of GA stress under pathological conditions, and the role of GA in infectious diseases, aiming to provide a basis for the clinical study of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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