To systematically solve the application problems of Measurement System Analysis (MSA) in the automatic hardness detection system, the particularity of its MSA is expounded, and points out the limitations of the traditional Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility (GRR) method in the identification of variation sources and experimental design. On this basis, a "process decoupling hybrid GRR" experimental strategy is proposed, which decouples the hardness testing process into two sub processes: indentation generation (destructive) and indentation measurement (non⁃destructive). Nested design and cross design are used to separate and quantify the variation sources, respectively. Through the construction of an automation platform with double detection units, the systematic MSA experiment was conducted, and the analysis of variance was used to evaluate the influence of equipment repeatability, reproducibility and interaction. The results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the dominant variation sources, and provide a feasible analysis framework for the performance evaluation and optimization of the automatic hardness testing system, which has strong engineering applicability and popularization value.

To improve the quality and efficiency of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) construction in complex terrain, this study proposes a multi⁃source DEM acquisition and fusion method that integrates high⁃resolution optical imagery and interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. Using an unmanned aerial vehicle and satellite remote sensing system as a platform, this method constructs a multi⁃view data acquisition chain to generate optical imagery DEM and interferometric imagery SAR⁃DEM, respectively. By introducing a point cloud classification algorithm based on texture and structural features and a regional adaptive weight estimation model, weighted fusion of multi⁃source elevation data has been achieved. The fusion process employs error constraints and seamline control strategies to address typical challenges such as terrain occlusion, data holes, and elevation jumps. Experiments in representative landforms, including forests, glaciers, deserts, cities, and water bodies, demonstrates that this method has the characteristics of high elevation restoration accuracy and good boundary continuity, and can meet the three dimensions modeling needs of various landform types. Among them, the relative elevation mean error in hilly areas is 0.5 m. The research findings provide stable and reliable technical support for fields such as high⁃resolution topographic mapping, landform evolution monitoring, and disaster early warning, and are of great significance for promoting the automation and intelligence of remote sensing mapping.

To address the bottlenecks of high cost and long development cycles in traditional aerospace product manufacturing, and to meet the urgent demand for batch production of space optical payloads in giant satellite constellations, this study adopts an integrated approach combining modular structural design, process optimization, and automated testing technology to develop a Maksutov⁃Cassegrain optical system with a small F⁃number and minute pixels. By enab⁃ling interchangeable assembly of lenses and focal plane components, along with integration into an automated assembly and testing line, the system achieves a ground pixel resolution of 4.5 m and a swath width of 13.5 km × 13.5 km at an orbital altitude of 500 km, with a total weight of only 1.1 kg. This approach has improved the overall development efficiency by 50%. The results provide crucial technical support for the low⁃cost, rapid, and batch⁃producible manufacturing of miniaturized space optical payloads.