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Quantitative morphological analysis of rock particles on laser scanner data using deep learning
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Mojgan Faramarzi. H, Kamran Esmaeili*
Intelligent Geoengineering | 2026, 3(1) : 36 - 56
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Intelligent Geoengineering | 2026, 3(1): 36-56
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Quantitative morphological analysis of rock particles on laser scanner data using deep learning
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Mojgan Faramarzi. H, Kamran Esmaeili*
Affiliations
  • Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S2E8, Canada
Published: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.1016/j.ige.2026.04.002
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While size distribution has traditionally been the dominant metric in rock fragmentation, studies have shown that both size and shape characteristics are influential in determining energy consumption, equipment wear, flowability, and efficiency. The main objective of this research is to provide a scalable, quantitative, and light-independent method for characterizing the 3D shape of rock fragments. This work leverages an existing deep learning approach that combines LiDAR-based point cloud acquisition with deep learning instance segmentation. Trained on a synthetic 3D labeled dataset, the deep learning model, SoftRock, accurately segments individual rock pieces and provides key shape metrics such as sphericity, angularity, aspect ratio, and longest dimension for each rock in the pile. The model's performance was then validated on three distinct rock piles curated to represent different spectrum of rock types and sizes, including blasted limestone from a quarry, rounded pebbles, and crushed copper ore from a conveyor belt. The model demonstrated a high level of accuracy across these diverse samples, with the error for key shape metrics ranging from 2% to 16%. While some inaccuracies were observed, primarily due to the sensitivity of sphericity and angularity to noise in the point cloud data, our findings validate the model's ability to capture key shape characteristics. This study provides a foundational framework for integrating comprehensive 3D particle morphology into mining workflows, offering more accurate data to inform decisions that enhance operational efficiency and equipment longevity.

Particle shape analysis  /  3D Morphology  /  Point cloud segmentation  /  Synthetic data generation  /  Computer vision  /  Deep learning
Mojgan Faramarzi. H, Kamran Esmaeili. Quantitative morphological analysis of rock particles on laser scanner data using deep learning[J]. Intelligent Geoengineering, 2026 , 3 (1) : 36 -56 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ige.2026.04.002
  • Weir Group and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(ALLRP 561062-20)
Year 2026 volume 3 Issue 1
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doi: 10.1016/j.ige.2026.04.002
  • Receive Date:2025-09-30
  • Online Date:2026-06-18
  • Published:2026-03-10
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History
  • Received:2025-09-30
  • Revised:2026-02-23
  • Accepted:2026-04-08
Funding
Weir Group and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)(ALLRP 561062-20)
Affiliations
    Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S2E8, Canada

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* University of Toronto, Toronto M5S2E8, Canada. E-mail addresses: (M. Faramarzi. H)
E-mail addresses: (K. Esmaeili).
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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