Implementation of the artificial sandbar is a typical measure for the beach nourishment. Research on the morphological evolution of the artificial sandbar meets the important need for coastal protection and restoration. Domestic and international research on morphological evolution of nearshore artificial sandbar and underlying sediment transport mechanisms are summarized in this paper, focusing on the theoretical aspects, e.g. cross-shore migration, morphology evolution, morphology coupling and mechanisms of sediment transport of the artificial sandbar. In the methodology perspective, the description of the equilibrium profile and numerical modelling of morphology evolution of the artificial sandbar are also highlighted. It is also proposed that future research should focus on the deepening of mechanisms of key processes, the improvement of simulation and prediction methods and the application of practical beach nourishment projects.