Article(id=1322936954014269932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936901946179634, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748534400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-30, revisedDate=1776614400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793342348817, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779638400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793342348817, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793342348817, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793342348817, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322936901946179634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='10', pageStart='1617', pageEnd='1808', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779638400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793342336403, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343127243, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940219045052525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936901946179634, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940219045052526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936901946179634, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1686, endPage=1692, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322936954265928174, articleId=1322936954014269932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=The relationship between sleep duration, cognitive function, handgrip strength,and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and elderly adults, columnId=1220689487877821128, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Interdisciplinary Nursing Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the risk of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) in middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for the years 2011,2013,2015,2018,and 2020,restricted cubic spline curves were employed to investigate potential non-linear relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the risk of CVD.Log-Rank tests and Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to analyze the relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the cumulative incidence of CVD.Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine the associations between variables.The mediating roles of handgrip strength and cognitive function in the relationship between sleep duration and CVD risk were analyzed.

Results

A U-shaped association was observed between sleep duration and the risk of CVD.Middle-aged and elderly adults with shorter sleep duration and lower handgrip strength levels had higher risk of CVD.Cognitive function was found to influence the risk of CVD through the mediating effect of handgrip strength.

Conclusions

Middle-aged and elderly adults could potentially prevent CVD by optimizing sleep duration,enhancing muscle function and so on.

, authors=Yiming MAO1, 2, Yi ZHUANG2, Linlin ZHANG1, authorsList=Yiming MAO, Yi ZHUANG, Linlin ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Linlin ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322936957084500479, articleId=1322936954014269932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病发生风险的关系, columnId=1220689488053981904, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=交叉护理学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病(CVD)发生风险间的潜在关系。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年数据,采用限制性立方样条曲线研究睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD发生风险间的潜在非线性关系,采用Log-Rank检验和Kaplan-Meier曲线分析睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD累积发病率间的关系,采用Cox比例风险模型分析变量间的关联,并分析握力和认知功能在睡眠时长与CVD发生风险间的中介作用。

结果

睡眠时长与CVD发生风险呈U型关系,睡眠时长较短和握力水平较低的中老年人CVD发生风险较高,认知功能可通过握力的中介作用影响CVD发生风险。

结论

中老年人可通过优化睡眠时长、增强肌肉功能等预防CVD发生。

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毛一鸣,主管护师,硕士研究生在读

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张琳琳,E-mail:
ZHANG Linlin, E-mail:
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metrics[J].Nutrients,2019,11(1):24., articleTitle=Muscle fitness to visceral fat ratio,metabolic syndrome and ideal cardiovascular health metrics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936967142441565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=5, issue=3, pageStart=165, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=VELLAS B, SCRASE D, ROSENBERG G A, journalName=Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VELLAS B,SCRASE D,ROSENBERG G A,et al.WHO guidelines on community-level interventions to manage declines in intrinsic capacity:the road to prevention cognitive decline in older age?[J].Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease,2018,5(3):165-167., articleTitle=WHO guidelines on community-level interventions to manage declines in intrinsic capacity:the road to prevention cognitive decline in older age?, refAbstract=null)], 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figureFileBig=Ilo+XIDon8X+MmkUtn9QfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322936959777243690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=CN, label=图1, caption=睡眠时长与CVD发生风险相关性的RCS曲线

(根据年龄和性别进行调整)

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(根据年龄和性别进行调整)

, figureFileSmall=hzAuTNgcStwBRtoG9uwCcg==, figureFileBig=RQEQVBKqyKvxx2G52R/aYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322936961828258351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=RCS curve of the correlation between handgrip strength and the risk of CVD, figureFileSmall=dS3HgfbZ2uk48SK17M5D5Q==, figureFileBig=MmwHCj1sJBA5x//PLIWhiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322936961924727344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=CN, label=图3, caption=握力与CVD发生风险相关性的RCS曲线

(根据年龄和性别进行调整)

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The general data of middle-aged and elderly adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类每晚0~6 h(n=5 315)每晚>6~7 h(n=2 130)每晚>7~13 h(n=3 338)统计值P
年龄(x±s,岁)59.80±9.4257.33±8.7458.69±9.65F=55.054<0.001
性别[人(%)]男2 518(47.4)1 071(50.3)1 705(51.1)χ2=12.7440.002
女2 797(52.6)1 059(49.7)1 633(48.9)
体质指数(x±s,kg/m2)23.12±3.8623.75±3.9623.48±3.84F=22.733<0.001
居住地[人(%)]农村3 489(65.6)1 298(60.9)2 214(66.3)χ2=18.951<0.001
城镇1 826(34.4)832(39.1)1 124(33.7)
受教育程度[人(%)]小学以下2 617(49.2)849(39.9)1 482(44.4)
小学1 199(22.6)458(21.5)783(23.5)χ2=110.800<0.001
初中1 027(19.3)490(23.0)725(21.7)
高中及以上472(8.9)333(15.6)348(10.4)
吸烟状况[人(%)]从不3 180(59.8)1 233(57.9)1 975(59.2)
已戒烟436(8.2)188(8.8)280(8.4)χ2=2.5040.644
持续吸烟1 699(32.0)709(33.3)1 083(32.4)
饮酒状况[人(%)]从不3 504(65.9)1 427(67.0)2 227(66.7)
很少642(12.1)271(12.7)413(12.4)χ2=3.3510.501
经常1 169(22.0)432(20.3)698(20.9)
能量消耗[人(%)]≤600 METs3 343(62.9)1 340(62.9)2 063(61.8)
>600~3 000 METs439(8.3)167(7.8)268(8.0)χ2=2.0420.728
>3 000 METs1 533(28.8)623(29.2)1 007(30.2)
高血压[人(%)]无3 257(61.3)1 362(63.9)2 091(62.6)χ2=4.9460.084
有2 058(38.7)768(36.1)1 247(37.4)
糖尿病[人(%)]无4 631(87.1)1 855(87.1)2 924(87.6)χ2=0.4770.788
有684(12.9)275(12.9)414(12.4)
握力(x±s,kg)28.90±10.0630.99±10.0630.13±10.03F=37.333<0.001
认知功能(x±s,分)13.06±5.8414.76±5.7113.55±5.96F=64.025<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322936962943943228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中老年人一般资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类每晚0~6 h(n=5 315)每晚>6~7 h(n=2 130)每晚>7~13 h(n=3 338)统计值P
年龄(x±s,岁)59.80±9.4257.33±8.7458.69±9.65F=55.054<0.001
性别[人(%)]男2 518(47.4)1 071(50.3)1 705(51.1)χ2=12.7440.002
女2 797(52.6)1 059(49.7)1 633(48.9)
体质指数(x±s,kg/m2)23.12±3.8623.75±3.9623.48±3.84F=22.733<0.001
居住地[人(%)]农村3 489(65.6)1 298(60.9)2 214(66.3)χ2=18.951<0.001
城镇1 826(34.4)832(39.1)1 124(33.7)
受教育程度[人(%)]小学以下2 617(49.2)849(39.9)1 482(44.4)
小学1 199(22.6)458(21.5)783(23.5)χ2=110.800<0.001
初中1 027(19.3)490(23.0)725(21.7)
高中及以上472(8.9)333(15.6)348(10.4)
吸烟状况[人(%)]从不3 180(59.8)1 233(57.9)1 975(59.2)
已戒烟436(8.2)188(8.8)280(8.4)χ2=2.5040.644
持续吸烟1 699(32.0)709(33.3)1 083(32.4)
饮酒状况[人(%)]从不3 504(65.9)1 427(67.0)2 227(66.7)
很少642(12.1)271(12.7)413(12.4)χ2=3.3510.501
经常1 169(22.0)432(20.3)698(20.9)
能量消耗[人(%)]≤600 METs3 343(62.9)1 340(62.9)2 063(61.8)
>600~3 000 METs439(8.3)167(7.8)268(8.0)χ2=2.0420.728
>3 000 METs1 533(28.8)623(29.2)1 007(30.2)
高血压[人(%)]无3 257(61.3)1 362(63.9)2 091(62.6)χ2=4.9460.084
有2 058(38.7)768(36.1)1 247(37.4)
糖尿病[人(%)]无4 631(87.1)1 855(87.1)2 924(87.6)χ2=0.4770.788
有684(12.9)275(12.9)414(12.4)
握力(x±s,kg)28.90±10.0630.99±10.0630.13±10.03F=37.333<0.001
认知功能(x±s,分)13.06±5.8414.76±5.7113.55±5.96F=64.025<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322936963036217917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regression analysis of sleep duration,cognitive function and handgrip strength to the risk of CVD

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项目分类模型1模型2模型3
HR值(95%CI)PHR值(95%CI)PHR值(95%CI)P
睡眠时长每晚>6~7 h0.807(0.702,0.928)0.0060.865(0.782,0.956)0.0120.831(0.710,0.970)0.015
每晚>7~13 h0.907(0.787,1.046)0.0511.003(0.819,1.077)0.1781.010(0.820,1.080)0.200
P0.0710.0110.035
认知功能>11~17分0.828(0.689,0.998)0.0490.909(0.760,1.088)0.3130.901(0.752,1.079)0.268
>17~30分0.863(0.777,0.959)0.0190.943(0.811,1.097)0.4350.940(0.806,1.101)0.449
P0.0050.3380.335
握力>24.75~33.50 kg0.856(0.787,0.930)0.0470.891(0.802,0.989)0.0450.899(0.810,0.997)0.020
>33.50 kg0.836(0.779,0.898)0.0350.873(0.789,0.969)0.0490.902(0.812,0.998)0.039
P0.0130.0180.042
), ArticleFig(id=1322936963380150846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936954014269932, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

睡眠时长、认知功能和握力对CVD发生风险的回归分析

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项目分类模型1模型2模型3
HR值(95%CI)PHR值(95%CI)PHR值(95%CI)P
睡眠时长每晚>6~7 h0.807(0.702,0.928)0.0060.865(0.782,0.956)0.0120.831(0.710,0.970)0.015
每晚>7~13 h0.907(0.787,1.046)0.0511.003(0.819,1.077)0.1781.010(0.820,1.080)0.200
P0.0710.0110.035
认知功能>11~17分0.828(0.689,0.998)0.0490.909(0.760,1.088)0.3130.901(0.752,1.079)0.268
>17~30分0.863(0.777,0.959)0.0190.943(0.811,1.097)0.4350.940(0.806,1.101)0.449
P0.0050.3380.335
握力>24.75~33.50 kg0.856(0.787,0.930)0.0470.891(0.802,0.989)0.0450.899(0.810,0.997)0.020
>33.50 kg0.836(0.779,0.898)0.0350.873(0.789,0.969)0.0490.902(0.812,0.998)0.039
P0.0130.0180.042
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中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病发生风险的关系
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毛一鸣 1, 2 , 庄毅 2 , 张琳琳 1, *, *
护理研究 | 交叉护理学研究 2026,40(10): 1686-1692
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护理研究 |交叉护理学研究 2026 , 40 (10) : 1686 -1692
中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病发生风险的关系
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毛一鸣1, 2, 庄毅2, 张琳琳1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1常州大学医学与健康工程学院,江苏 213164
  • 2南京医科大学第三附属医院(常州市第二人民医院)
通讯作者:
张琳琳,E-mail:
ZHANG Linlin, E-mail:
作者简介:

毛一鸣,主管护师,硕士研究生在读

The relationship between sleep duration, cognitive function, handgrip strength,and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and elderly adults
Yiming MAO1, 2, Yi ZHUANG2, Linlin ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medical and Health Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164 China
  • 2The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Changzhou Second People's Hospital
出版时间: 2026-05-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.010
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目的

分析中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病(CVD)发生风险间的潜在关系。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年数据,采用限制性立方样条曲线研究睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD发生风险间的潜在非线性关系,采用Log-Rank检验和Kaplan-Meier曲线分析睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD累积发病率间的关系,采用Cox比例风险模型分析变量间的关联,并分析握力和认知功能在睡眠时长与CVD发生风险间的中介作用。

结果

睡眠时长与CVD发生风险呈U型关系,睡眠时长较短和握力水平较低的中老年人CVD发生风险较高,认知功能可通过握力的中介作用影响CVD发生风险。

结论

中老年人可通过优化睡眠时长、增强肌肉功能等预防CVD发生。

中老年人  /  睡眠时长  /  认知功能  /  握力  /  心血管疾病  /  相关性  /  CHARLS
Objective

To analyze the relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the risk of cardiovascular diseases(CVD) in middle-aged and elderly adults.

Methods

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for the years 2011,2013,2015,2018,and 2020,restricted cubic spline curves were employed to investigate potential non-linear relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the risk of CVD.Log-Rank tests and Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to analyze the relationships between sleep duration,cognitive function,handgrip strength,and the cumulative incidence of CVD.Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine the associations between variables.The mediating roles of handgrip strength and cognitive function in the relationship between sleep duration and CVD risk were analyzed.

Results

A U-shaped association was observed between sleep duration and the risk of CVD.Middle-aged and elderly adults with shorter sleep duration and lower handgrip strength levels had higher risk of CVD.Cognitive function was found to influence the risk of CVD through the mediating effect of handgrip strength.

Conclusions

Middle-aged and elderly adults could potentially prevent CVD by optimizing sleep duration,enhancing muscle function and so on.

middle-aged and elderly adults  /  sleep duration  /  cognitive function  /  handgrip strength  /  cardiovascular diseases  /  correlation  /  CHARLS
毛一鸣, 庄毅, 张琳琳. 中老年人睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与心血管疾病发生风险的关系. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (10) : 1686 -1692 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.010
Yiming MAO, Yi ZHUANG, Linlin ZHANG. The relationship between sleep duration, cognitive function, handgrip strength,and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in middle-aged and elderly adults[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (10) : 1686 -1692 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.010
心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)是全球居民死亡的主要病因之一,包括冠状动脉疾病、外周动脉疾病和脑卒中[1]。行为和生理指标(特别是睡眠模式、肌肉力量和认知储备等)对CVD发病机制的协同作用是当前CVD研究领域的关注点[2]。认知功能是内在能力的重要组成部分[3]。已有研究结果显示,内在能力能够较好地预测老年人的失能、死亡等不良结局。握力是骨骼肌质量和身体活动能力的最佳临床指标,与CVD发生风险之间存在线性关系[4]。睡眠不足会抑制生长激素分泌,导致肌肉合成减少;而睡眠过多会减少活动,导致肌肉力量下降,从而影响握力水平[5]。睡眠同时也对人体的认知功能有重要影响[6-8],认知功能和睡眠时间呈倒U型关系[9]。本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys,CHARLS)数据库进行研究,分析睡眠时长、认知功能、握力与CVD发生风险间的潜在关系,现将结果报道如下。
CHARLS是一项针对45岁及以上中国居民的大型全国性纵向跨学科调查。本研究纳入2011年被调查的28个省、150个县、450个社区(村)、10 257户家庭的17 706名中老年人数据作为基线资料,并追踪其2013年、2015年、2018年、2020年的随访数据。纳入标准:年龄≥45岁;提供夜间睡眠持续时长自我报告数据;对调查知情并签署知情同意书。排除标准:统计数据不全;无随访信息记录;基线调查时(2011年)已有心血管疾病。最终纳入10 783名中老年人。CHARLS已获得北京大学机构审查委员会伦理审查(生物标志物采集IRB批准号:IRB00001052-11014;入户调查号:IRB00001052-11015)。
1)基线资料:自行编制基线资料调查表,包括年龄、性别、体质指数、居住地、受教育程度及吸烟状况、饮酒状况、能量消耗、高血压、糖尿病等。2)睡眠时长:采用问题“在过去1个月里,你晚上实际睡了多少小时(平均每晚睡多少小时)?”进行调查。已有研究表明,每晚睡眠6~7 h的人患认知障碍的风险较低[10],基于此本研究将睡眠时长分为每晚0~6 h、每晚>6~7 h和每晚>7~13 h共3组。3)认知功能:采用简易精神状态评估(MMSE)量表进行评估,该量表由30个条目组成,分为语言、回忆、注意和计算、注册、定向5个维度,总分0~30分,得分越高说明认知功能越好[11]。基于样本分布情况,本研究将认知功能得分分为0~11分、>11~17分、>17~30分共3组。4)握力:通过手持测力仪评估,研究对象需尽可能用力握紧测力仪手柄数秒,然后放开。左右手交替各2次取平均值,最终选取优势手数值。基于样本分布情况,本研究将握力水平分为0.20~24.75 kg、>24.75~33.50 kg、>33.50 kg共3组。5)CVD:采用问题“是否曾被医生诊断患有心脏病、冠状动脉疾病、心绞痛、充血性心力衰竭或其他心脏问题”“是否曾被医生诊断为脑卒中”进行调查,任一问题回答为“是”均判定为CVD。
采用Stata 17.0和R软件进行统计学分析。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验定量资料的正态性,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用方差分析。定性资料以频数及百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Cox回归限制性立方样条(RCS)曲线研究睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD发生风险间的潜在非线性关系,采用Log-Rank检验和Kaplan-Meier曲线分析睡眠时长、认知功能和握力与CVD累积发病率间的关系。采用Cox比例风险模型获得CVD发生风险的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)。通过中介分析研究认知功能、握力在睡眠时长和CVD发生风险间的作用。以双侧P<0.05表示有统计学意义。
10 783名中老年人中,5 315名中老年人报告每晚睡眠时长为0~6 h,2 130名中老年人报告每晚睡眠时长为>6~7 h,3 338名中老年人报告每晚睡眠时长为>7~13 h,其他一般资料见表1。
睡眠时长与CVD发生风险相关性的RCS曲线显示,中老年人CVD发生风险与睡眠时长存在相关性(P=0.002),且其非线性关系较为明显(P=0.007),二者呈U型关系,睡眠时长为7 h左右时CVD发生风险较低,见图1。认知功能与CVD发生风险相关性的RCS曲线显示,中老年人认知功能与CVD发生风险相关性无统计学意义(P=0.483),见图2。握力与CVD发生风险相关性的RCS曲线显示,中老年人握力与CVD发生风险存在相关性(P=0.009),且其非线性关系有统计学意义(P=0.006),见图3。
不同睡眠时长的CVD累积发病率Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,不同睡眠时长中老年人的CVD累积发病率随时间延长逐渐升高且睡眠时长较短的中老年人CVD累积发病率较高(P<0.001),见图4。不同认知功能水平的CVD累积发病率Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,不同认知功能中老年人的CVD累积发病率随时间延长逐渐升高且认知功能较低的中老年人CVD累积发病率较高(P<0.001),见图5。不同握力状态的CVD累积发病率Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,不同握力水平中老年人的CVD累积发病率随时间延长逐渐升高且握力水平较低的中老年人CVD累积发病率较高(P=0.003),见图6。
以是否发生CVD(未发生=0,发生=1)为因变量,以睡眠时长、认知功能和握力为主要自变量建立模型,自变量赋值:睡眠时长,每晚0~6 h=(0,0),每晚>6~7 h=(1,0),每晚>7~13 h=(0,1);认知功能,0~11分=(0,0),>11~17分=(1,0),>17~30分=(0,1);握力,0.20~24.75 kg=(0,0),>24.75~33.50 kg=(1,0),>33.50 kg=(0,1)。多因素回归分析结果显示,调整其他变量后,每晚睡眠时长>6~7 h对CVD的发生有保护作用(P<0.05),握力水平>24.75 kg对CVD有保护作用(P<0.05)。见表2。
认知功能和握力在睡眠时长和CVD发生风险间的中介作用不明显,握力在认知功能和CVD发生风险间的中介作用有统计学意义(P=0.026),即认知功能可能通过握力间接影响CVD发生风险。
本研究结果显示,睡眠不足(每晚0~6 h)和握力水平较低的中老年人CVD发生风险较高,虽然认知功能与CVD发生风险相关性不明显,但可能通过握力的中介作用影响CVD发生风险。1)睡眠不足会增加CVD的发生风险,包括高血压[12]、冠心病[13]、脑卒中[14]等,这可能与睡眠不足会导致内皮氧化应激水平升高有关[15]。睡眠也可能通过激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴、释放炎症因子(白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白)、损伤内皮功能增加CVD发生风险[16]。且研究发现,睡眠时长与CVD发生风险呈U型关系,即睡眠过长或过短均会增加CVD发生风险[17-18],提示中老年人应保持适度睡眠,从而促进心血管健康。2)握力水平低可能反映全身慢性炎症状态、肌肉功能下降或营养不良,这些因素可通过身体活动减少和代谢异常等途径损害心血管健康,增高CVD发生风险[19]。同时,握力水平较低可以独立预测心脏代谢疾病发病率和死亡率[20],一方面,握力低可能反映肌少症的存在,而肌少症作为重要的中介因素,可进一步增大健康风险;另一方面,握力低可能会通过诱发或加剧炎症反应与胰岛素抵抗增加心血管事件的发生风险。中介分析发现,握力在认知功能和CVD发生风险间发挥着一定的中介作用。握力较高的个体可能具有较高的身体活动量、较好的营养状况或较低的慢性疾病负担,这些因素可能通过改善脑血流量、减轻神经炎症或增强执行功能改善认知,促进健康行为(如定期运动和疾病管理),从而间接降低CVD发生风险[21]。
现有的睡眠干预研究多关注单一疾病,缺乏对睡眠-生理功能-CVD途径的系统评估,通过综合分析框架对复合健康指标(包括生理功能、神经认知表现和心血管病理)进行多学科评估较少。本研究重点讨论睡眠、握力、认知功能等可干预性指标与CVD发生风险的关系,对中老年人健康管理实践具有重要意义。医护人员可通过严格应用高质量的循证临床实践指南[22],建立多学科专家共识指导下的转化实施框架;可通过及时评估、早期干预病人握力和认知功能识别并预防CVD发生风险。握力测试可作为社区医疗服务中心快速筛查肌肉力量和CVD发生风险的实用工具。
我国中老年人可通过优化睡眠时长、增强肌肉功能等方式预防CVD发生。但本研究中,睡眠时长等数据均来自自我报告,可能存在偏倚。在未来研究中,可以通过睡眠记录仪等仪器获得更客观的指标;可优先研究睡眠结构指标,并系统地监测中老年人昼夜节律变化与健康结果间的纵向关联;需进一步拓宽维度,早期识别CVD危险因素,并进行针对性干预,进一步提高中老年人生活质量,助力健康老龄化。

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2026年第40卷第10期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.10.010
  • 接收时间:2025-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30
  • 修回日期:2026-04-20
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    1常州大学医学与健康工程学院,江苏 213164
    2南京医科大学第三附属医院(常州市第二人民医院)

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张琳琳,E-mail:
ZHANG Linlin, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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