首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1322936932359091107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936785516503921, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=1772899200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793342343654, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793342343654, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793342343654, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793342343654, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322936785516503921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='11', pageStart='1809', pageEnd='2000', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793342308644, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343121351, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940194344796237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936785516503921, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940194344796238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322936785516503921, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1934, endPage=1938, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322936932803687332, articleId=1322936932359091107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Dietary management experiences of primary caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the real experience of the main caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease in the process of diet management,and to provide basis for the formulation of targeted diet management programs.

Methods

A phenomenological qualitative research method was adopted for 12 main caregivers of children 3 years old and above with chronic kidney disease admitted to the department of nephrology and immunology of a tertiary grade A hospital in Suzhou city in March 2025 were selected by purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews.The Colaizzi analysis method was used to extract themes.

Results

A total of 3 themes and 6 sub-themes were extracted,including lack of knowledge and information about renal diet(lack of disease-related dietary knowledge,lack of information on renal diet),general and unclear dietary management education and individual differences(dietary management education is too general,individual differences exist in dietary management),and coexistence of insufficient dietary management ability of caregivers and low compliance of children(insufficient dietary management ability of caregivers,low compliance of children).

Conclusions

Medical staff should enhance the primary caregivers' understanding of dietary management for children with chronic kidney disease,improve children's compliance with dietary management,and formulate targeted dietary management plans to enhance the effectiveness of dietary management.

, authors=Bo YANG, Wenying YAO, Xin WANG, Fang ZHANG, Zhongqin HONG, authorsList=Bo YANG, Wenying YAO, Xin WANG, Fang ZHANG, Zhongqin HONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongqin HONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322936933298615206, articleId=1322936932359091107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者饮食管理体验的质性研究, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者在饮食管理过程中的真实体验，为制订针对性的饮食管理方案提供依据。

方法

采用现象学质性研究方法，以目的抽样法选取2025年3月苏州市某三级甲等儿童医院肾脏免疫科收治的3岁及以上慢性肾脏病患儿的12名主要照顾者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi分析法提炼主题。

结果

共提炼出3个主题和6个亚主题，包括肾脏饮食认知与信息缺乏（疾病相关饮食认知缺乏、肾脏饮食相关信息缺乏）、饮食管理宣教笼统不清晰和个体化差异（饮食管理宣教过于笼统、饮食管理存在个体化差异）、照顾者饮食管理能力不足与患儿依从性不高共存（照顾者饮食管理能力不足、患儿依从性不高）。

结论

医护人员应提高慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者对患儿饮食管理的认知水平，提高患儿饮食管理的依从性，并制定针对性的饮食管理方案，提升饮食管理的有效性。

, authors=杨博, 姚文英, 王新, 张芳, 洪忠芹*, *, authorsList=杨博, 姚文英, 王新, 张芳, 洪忠芹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=洪忠芹, authorNote=

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
洪忠芹，E-mail：
HONG Zhongqin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表本刊编委会的观点。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=7zXmJoQDvb4W2ZdwoA335Q==, magXml=tjJ+297dwpKGy+WQvAdxLw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vEhtL/ugzOC92jAJq5oBsg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322936934166836139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936934447854509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936934166836139, language=EN, stringName=Bo YANG, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936935542567854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936934166836139, language=CN, stringName=杨博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio={"content":"

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936935714534320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936935823586226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936935714534320, language=EN, stringName=Wenying YAO, firstName=Wenying, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936112993203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936935714534320, language=CN, stringName=姚文英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936936184296373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936251405239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936184296373, language=EN, stringName=Xin WANG, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936528229304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936184296373, language=CN, stringName=王新, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936936624698298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936716972988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936624698298, language=EN, stringName=Fang ZHANG, firstName=Fang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936792470462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936624698298, language=CN, stringName=张芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936937098654656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=646373312@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936937375478722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936937098654656, language=EN, stringName=Zhongqin HONG, firstName=Zhongqin, middleName=null, lastName=HONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936937450976195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936937098654656, language=CN, stringName=洪忠芹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, *, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322936937782326212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=children), Keyword(id=1322936938218533829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=chronic kidney disease), Keyword(id=1322936938323391430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=main caregivers), Keyword(id=1322936938642158536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=dietary management), Keyword(id=1322936938780570569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=experience), Keyword(id=1322936939057394634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=qualitative study), Keyword(id=1322936939460047819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=儿童), Keyword(id=1322936939598459852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=慢性肾脏病), Keyword(id=1322936939892061133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=主要照顾者), Keyword(id=1322936939975947214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=饮食管理), Keyword(id=1322936940345045967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=体验), Keyword(id=1322936940739310544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=质性研究)], refs=[Reference(id=1322936943377527765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=105, issue=4, pageStart=684, pageEnd=701, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Levin A, Ahmed S B, Carrero J J, journalName=Kidney International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Levin A,Ahmed S B,Carrero J J,et al.Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease:known knowns and known unknowns[J].Kidney International,2024,105(4):684-701., articleTitle=Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease:known knowns and known unknowns, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936943742432214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=8, pageStart=627, pageEnd=633, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=王忍, 高春林, 夏正坤, journalName=临床儿科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王忍,高春林,夏正坤,等.肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDIGO)会议共识[J].临床儿科杂志,2022,40(8):627-633., articleTitle=肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDIGO)会议共识, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936944170251223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=19, issue=4, pageStart=259, pageEnd=262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=刘海洋, 刘虹, journalName=中国血液净化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘海洋,刘虹.慢性肾脏病营养治疗的研究进展[J].中国血液净化,2020,19(4):259-262., articleTitle=慢性肾脏病营养治疗的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936944514184152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=1696021, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=He Y, Qian Y, Xu Q, journalName=Front Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He Y,Qian Y,Xu Q,et al.Global trends and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults form 1990 to 2021:a systematic analysis of the global burden of diseae study[J].Front Public Health,2025,13:1696021., articleTitle=Global trends and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults form 1990 to 2021:a systematic analysis of the global burden of diseae study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936944946197465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=812, pageEnd=818, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Pardede S O, Rafli A, Gunardi H, journalName=Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pardede S O,Rafli A,Gunardi H.Quality of life in chronic kidney disease children using assessment Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™[J].Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation,2019,30(4):812-818., articleTitle=Quality of life in chronic kidney disease children using assessment Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936945453708250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=161, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Iorember F M, journalName=Frontiers in Pediatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iorember F M.Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease[J].Frontiers in Pediatrics,2018,6:161., articleTitle=Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936945810224092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=77, issue=2, pageStart=235, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Hu E A, Coresh J, Anderson C A M, journalName=American Journal of Kidney Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu E A,Coresh J,Anderson C A M,et al.Adherence to healthy dietary patterns and risk of CKD progression and all-cause mortality:findings from the CRIC(chronic renal insufficiency cohort) study[J].American Journal of Kidney Diseases,2021,77(2):235-244., articleTitle=Adherence to healthy dietary patterns and risk of CKD progression and all-cause mortality:findings from the CRIC(chronic renal insufficiency cohort) study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936946208682973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=13, issue=2, pageStart=140, pageEnd=171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Authors N, journalName=Kidneys, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Authors N.KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease[J].Kidneys,2024,13(2):140-171., articleTitle=KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936946330317790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=39, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=刘明, journalName=护理质性研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘明.护理质性研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:39-74., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936946611336159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=17, pageStart=29, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=李葵南, 刘婷, 王欣, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李葵南,刘婷,王欣,等.慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现况及影响因素调查[J].护理学杂志,2021,36(17):29-32., articleTitle=慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现况及影响因素调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936946691027936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=995, pageEnd=1010, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Nelms C L, Shaw V, Greenbaum L A, journalName=Pediatric Nephrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Nelms C L,Shaw V,Greenbaum L A,et al.Assessment of nutritional status in children with kidney diseases--clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce[J].Pediatric Nephrology,2021,36(4):995-1010., articleTitle=Assessment of nutritional status in children with kidney diseases--clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947022377953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=6, pageStart=S49, pageEnd=S55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Mak R H, Iyengar A, Lai W M, journalName=Journal of Renal Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mak R H,Iyengar A,Lai W M,et al.Nutrition in children with chronic kidney disease:how to thrive?[J].Journal of Renal Nutrition,2023,33(6):S49-S55., articleTitle=Nutrition in children with chronic kidney disease:how to thrive?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947093681122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=713, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Karava V, Dotis J, Kondou A, journalName=Life, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Karava V,Dotis J,Kondou A,et al.Malnutrition patterns in children with chronic kidney disease[J].Life,2023,13(3):713., articleTitle=Malnutrition patterns in children with chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947164984291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=151441, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Mak R H, Iyengar A, Wang A Y, journalName=Seminars in Nephrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mak R H,Iyengar A,Wang A Y.Nutrition management for chronic kidney disease:differences and special needs for children and adults[J].Seminars in Nephrology,2023,43(4):151441., articleTitle=Nutrition management for chronic kidney disease:differences and special needs for children and adults, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947236287460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=349, pageEnd=358, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Larson-Nath C, Goday P, journalName=Nutrition in Clinical Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Larson-Nath C,Goday P.Malnutrition in children with chronic disease[J].Nutrition in Clinical Practice,2019,34(3):349-358., articleTitle=Malnutrition in children with chronic disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947500528613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Corsello A, Trovato C M, Dipasquale V, journalName=Pediatric Nephrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Corsello A,Trovato C M,Dipasquale V,et al.Malnutrition management in children with chronic kidney disease[J].Pediatric Nephrology,2025,40(1):15-24., articleTitle=Malnutrition management in children with chronic kidney disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947848655846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=14, pageStart=2566, pageEnd=2571, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=农永丽, 滕海英, 莫艳珍, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=农永丽,滕海英,莫艳珍,等.“三师一患”一体化营养管理在慢性肾脏病病人中的应用[J].护理研究,2022,36(14):2566-2571., articleTitle=“三师一患”一体化营养管理在慢性肾脏病病人中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947911570407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=143, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Wightman A, Zimmerman C T, Neul S, journalName=Pediatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wightman A,Zimmerman C T,Neul S,et al.Caregiver experience in pediatric dialysis[J].Pediatrics,2019,143(2):e20182102., articleTitle=Caregiver experience in pediatric dialysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936947991262184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=866498, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=Iyengar A, Mak R H, journalName=Frontiers in Pediatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Iyengar A,Mak R H.Assessment of undernutrition in pediatric chronic kidney disease-gaps and opportunities[J].Frontiers in Pediatrics,2022,10:866498., articleTitle=Assessment of undernutrition in pediatric chronic kidney disease-gaps and opportunities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936948310029289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=31, issue=4, pageStart=351, pageEnd=360, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Betz M, Steenes A, Peterson L, journalName=Journal of Renal Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Betz M,Steenes A,Peterson L,et al.Knowledge does not correspond to adherence of renal diet restrictions in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3-5[J].Journal of Renal Nutrition,2021,31(4):351-360., articleTitle=Knowledge does not correspond to adherence of renal diet restrictions in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3-5, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936948704293866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=23/24, pageStart=3893, pageEnd=3905, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=Oquendo L G, Asencio J M M, De Las Nieves C B, journalName=Journal of Clinical Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oquendo L G,Asencio J M M,De Las Nieves C B.Contributing factors for therapeutic diet adherence in patients receiving haemodialysis treatment:an integrative review[J].Journal of Clinical Nursing,2017,26(23/24):3893-3905., articleTitle=Contributing factors for therapeutic diet adherence in patients receiving haemodialysis treatment:an integrative review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936948788179947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=23, pageStart=116, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=韩孝萱, 许翠萍, 张超, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩孝萱,许翠萍,张超,等.同伴支持对癌症患者复发恐惧影响的研究进展[J].护理学杂志,2023,38(23):116-120., articleTitle=同伴支持对癌症患者复发恐惧影响的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936949115335660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=11, pageStart=57, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=焦杰, 赫姗, 张方圆, journalName=军事护理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=焦杰,赫姗,张方圆,等.护理专业本科生实习期间同伴支持体验的质性研究[J].军事护理,2024,41(11):57-60., articleTitle=护理专业本科生实习期间同伴支持体验的质性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936949195027437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=53, issue=null, pageStart=208, pageEnd=219, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=Chi Y L, Chen T Y, Tsai W T, journalName=Journal of Biomedical Informatics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chi Y L,Chen T Y,Tsai W T.A chronic disease dietary consultation system using OWL-based ontologies and semantic rules[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics,2015,53:208-219., articleTitle=A chronic disease dietary consultation system using OWL-based ontologies and semantic rules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322936949270524911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=106, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=黎婉婷, 于红静, 凌冬兰, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎婉婷,于红静,凌冬兰,等.慢性病患者“互联网+延续护理”研究进展[J].护理学杂志,2020,35(3):106-110., articleTitle=慢性病患者“互联网+延续护理”研究进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322936941980824529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of children with chronic kidney disease（n=12）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）疾病类型
A1女17肾病综合征
A2男3肾病综合征
A3男10狼疮性肾炎
A4男13紫癜性肾炎
A5男14IgA肾病
A6男13肾病综合征
A7男15狼疮性肾炎
A8男12狼疮性肾炎
A9女8IgA肾病
A10男7肾病综合征
A11女11紫癜性肾炎
A12女9IgA肾病
), ArticleFig(id=1322936942089876434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

慢性肾脏病患儿的一般资料（n=12）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）疾病类型
A1女17肾病综合征
A2男3肾病综合征
A3男10狼疮性肾炎
A4男13紫癜性肾炎
A5男14IgA肾病
A6男13肾病综合征
A7男15狼疮性肾炎
A8男12狼疮性肾炎
A9女8IgA肾病
A10男7肾病综合征
A11女11紫癜性肾炎
A12女9IgA肾病
), ArticleFig(id=1322936942811296723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

General information of caregivers for children with chronic kidney disease（n=12）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号年龄（岁）与患儿关系文化程度居住地
P142母亲高中农村
P228母亲专科城市
P336母亲高中农村
P441父亲高中农村
P542母亲专科城市
P640父亲专科农村
P761祖父高中城市
P838母亲高中农村
P937父亲本科城市
P1035母亲专科城市
P1139母亲本科城市
P1236母亲本科城市
), ArticleFig(id=1322936943230727124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者的一般资料（n=12）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号年龄（岁）与患儿关系文化程度居住地
P142母亲高中农村
P228母亲专科城市
P336母亲高中农村
P441父亲高中农村
P542母亲专科城市
P640父亲专科农村
P761祖父高中城市
P838母亲高中农村
P937父亲本科城市
P1035母亲专科城市
P1139母亲本科城市
P1236母亲本科城市
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1220037649855897604, delFlag=0, nameCn=护理研究, nameEn=Chinese Nursing Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-6493, eissn=null, cn=14-1272/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Nursing Research, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1768809242933, updatedTime=1789628561524, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, picEn=vXneBBf6WfTz/ls4yy3nnA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1307360202571928186, language=CN, name=护理研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789628561871, updatedTime=1789628561871, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=1de4c13f-4807-4ea4-8d8a-5, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=321a724c-d51d-4f08-a85e-2, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=dadec7f2-d93c-4f73-8f97-e, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1307360202618065531, language=EN, name=Chinese Nursing Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789628561882, updatedTime=1789628561882, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=1de4c13f-4807-4ea4-8d8a-5, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=321a724c-d51d-4f08-a85e-2, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=dadec7f2-d93c-4f73-8f97-e, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1220038315760373764, websiteList=[Website(id=1220043903038837076, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1220038315760373764, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1768810733804, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1768811130580, updateBy=18614031015, name=护理研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=护理研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001613021904925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707999711, updateTime=1770707999711, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613005127706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707999707, updateTime=1770707999707, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613038682144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999715, updateTime=1770707999715, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613000933401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=pB29yYO+7WdTp0HLQ4KSzg==, createTime=1770707999706, updateTime=1770707999706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613047070754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999717, updateTime=1770707999717, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613017710620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770707999710, updateTime=1770707999710, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613042876449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999716, updateTime=1770707999716, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613013516315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770707999709, updateTime=1770707999709, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613026099230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707999712, updateTime=1770707999712, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613034487839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707999714, updateTime=1770707999714, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1220043903097557352, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1220038315760373764, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1768810733819, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1768811154181, updateBy=18614031015, name=护理研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Nursing Research, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1220045841042166147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1768811195860, updateTime=1768811195860, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841017000320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1768811195854, updateTime=1768811195854, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841063137670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195865, updateTime=1768811195865, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841008611711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=pB29yYO+7WdTp0HLQ4KSzg==, createTime=1768811195852, updateTime=1768811195852, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841075720584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195868, updateTime=1768811195868, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841033777538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1768811195858, updateTime=1768811195858, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841071526279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195867, updateTime=1768811195867, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841025388929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1768811195857, updateTime=1768811195857, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841046360452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1768811195861, updateTime=1768811195861, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841054749061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1768811195863, updateTime=1768811195863, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=护理研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.hlyjzz.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Nursing Research, journalPhotoCn=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, journalPhotoEn=vXneBBf6WfTz/ls4yy3nnA==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/PDF/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/PDF/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1781020800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者饮食管理体验的质性研究
收藏切换
杨博 , 姚文英 , 王新 , 张芳 , 洪忠芹 *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(11): 1934-1938
收起
收藏切换
护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (11) : 1934 -1938
慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者饮食管理体验的质性研究
全屏
[Author(id=1322936934166836139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936934447854509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936934166836139, language=EN, stringName=Bo YANG, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936935542567854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936934166836139, language=CN, stringName=杨博, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio={"content":"

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936935714534320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936935823586226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936935714534320, language=EN, stringName=Wenying YAO, firstName=Wenying, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936112993203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936935714534320, language=CN, stringName=姚文英, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936936184296373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936251405239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936184296373, language=EN, stringName=Xin WANG, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936528229304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936184296373, language=CN, stringName=王新, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936936624698298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936716972988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936624698298, language=EN, stringName=Fang ZHANG, firstName=Fang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936936792470462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936936624698298, language=CN, stringName=张芳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])]), Author(id=1322936937098654656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=646373312@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322936937375478722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936937098654656, language=EN, stringName=Zhongqin HONG, firstName=Zhongqin, middleName=null, lastName=HONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322936937450976195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, authorId=1322936937098654656, language=CN, stringName=洪忠芹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, *, address=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322936934066172839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934078755752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322936934091338665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322936932359091107, companyId=1322936934066172839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000)])])]
杨博, 姚文英, 王新, 张芳, 洪忠芹*, *
作者信息
  • 1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000
通讯作者:
洪忠芹，E-mail：
HONG Zhongqin, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨博，护师，硕士研究生

Dietary management experiences of primary caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study
Bo YANG, Wenying YAO, Xin WANG, Fang ZHANG, Zhongqin HONG
Affiliations
  • 1Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000 China
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起
目的

探讨慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者在饮食管理过程中的真实体验，为制订针对性的饮食管理方案提供依据。

方法

采用现象学质性研究方法，以目的抽样法选取2025年3月苏州市某三级甲等儿童医院肾脏免疫科收治的3岁及以上慢性肾脏病患儿的12名主要照顾者进行半结构式访谈，采用Colaizzi分析法提炼主题。

结果

共提炼出3个主题和6个亚主题，包括肾脏饮食认知与信息缺乏（疾病相关饮食认知缺乏、肾脏饮食相关信息缺乏）、饮食管理宣教笼统不清晰和个体化差异（饮食管理宣教过于笼统、饮食管理存在个体化差异）、照顾者饮食管理能力不足与患儿依从性不高共存（照顾者饮食管理能力不足、患儿依从性不高）。

结论

医护人员应提高慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者对患儿饮食管理的认知水平，提高患儿饮食管理的依从性，并制定针对性的饮食管理方案，提升饮食管理的有效性。

儿童  /  慢性肾脏病  /  主要照顾者  /  饮食管理  /  体验  /  质性研究
Objective

To explore the real experience of the main caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease in the process of diet management,and to provide basis for the formulation of targeted diet management programs.

Methods

A phenomenological qualitative research method was adopted for 12 main caregivers of children 3 years old and above with chronic kidney disease admitted to the department of nephrology and immunology of a tertiary grade A hospital in Suzhou city in March 2025 were selected by purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews.The Colaizzi analysis method was used to extract themes.

Results

A total of 3 themes and 6 sub-themes were extracted,including lack of knowledge and information about renal diet(lack of disease-related dietary knowledge,lack of information on renal diet),general and unclear dietary management education and individual differences(dietary management education is too general,individual differences exist in dietary management),and coexistence of insufficient dietary management ability of caregivers and low compliance of children(insufficient dietary management ability of caregivers,low compliance of children).

Conclusions

Medical staff should enhance the primary caregivers' understanding of dietary management for children with chronic kidney disease,improve children's compliance with dietary management,and formulate targeted dietary management plans to enhance the effectiveness of dietary management.

children  /  chronic kidney disease  /  main caregivers  /  dietary management  /  experience  /  qualitative study
杨博, 姚文英, 王新, 张芳, 洪忠芹. 慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者饮食管理体验的质性研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (11) : 1934 -1938 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017
Bo YANG, Wenying YAO, Xin WANG, Fang ZHANG, Zhongqin HONG. Dietary management experiences of primary caregivers of children with chronic kidney disease: a qualitative study[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (11) : 1934 -1938 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017
正文
收起
慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）是指由肾小球肾炎、遗传性肾病和先天性异常等多种疾病导致的肾脏结构和（或）肾功能异常持续时间大于3个月[1-3]。全球范围内儿童慢性肾脏病患病率为30.6/10万~31.6/10万，死亡率为0.8/10万~1.7/10万，终末期肾脏病（end stage renal disease，ESRD）儿童死亡率约为正常儿童的30倍[4-5]。研究表明，遵循健康的饮食可有效延缓慢性肾脏病的进展和降低死亡率[6-7]。慢性肾脏病患儿在饮食方面需考虑年龄、性别、营养状况、生长参数及慢性肾脏病分期等因素，其能量需求应与适龄的健康儿童相似。因此，良好的饮食管理对慢性肾脏病患儿的营养状况及整体发育是必不可少的。由于儿童生理及心理发育尚未成熟，难以进行自我照护，父母等主要照顾者对慢性肾脏病患儿的饮食管理尤为重要。目前，关于慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者饮食管理的研究有限，尚不明确慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者在饮食管理过程中的体验感受。本研究采用质性研究的现象学方法，对慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者进行半结构式访谈，以了解慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者在饮食管理过程中的真实体验，为后续制订饮食管理方案提供参考。
1　对象与方法
收起
1.1　研究对象
采用目的抽样法，2025年3月选取苏州市某三级甲等儿童医院肾脏免疫科收治的慢性肾脏病患儿的主要照顾者为研究对象。纳入标准：1）患儿符合国际肾脏病组织（KDIGO）的慢性肾脏病诊断标准[8]；2）患儿年龄为3~18岁；3）照顾者为患儿的直系亲属，每天照护时长≥8 h，有正常的沟通交流能力；4）自愿参与本研究。排除标准：1）病情危重患儿的照顾者；2）照顾者有精神障碍。本研究根据资料饱和原则，不再出现新主题后确定样本量[9]。本研究共纳入了12名慢性肾脏病患儿（编号A1~A12）的主要照顾者（编号P1~P12），患儿及其照顾者的一般资料见表1、表2。本研究已通过苏州大学附属儿童医院医学伦理委员会回顾性/非干预性研究批准（审核编号：2025CS041）。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　确定访谈提纲
根据研究目的，结合文献查阅和小组讨论形成访谈提纲，小组成员包括肾脏免疫科专科医生2人、护理管理者1人和临床护士5人。对2名慢性肾脏病患儿的主要照顾者进行预访谈，根据结果对访谈提纲进行修改完善，最终提纲内容如下：1）您认为孩子的疾病与饮食有关系吗？2）您了解什么是肾脏病饮食吗？3）您孩子的日常饮食管理是怎样的？4）在饮食管理方面，您认为家长有什么样的作用？5）进行日常饮食管理后对您和孩子的生活质量产生了哪些影响？6）您对于孩子的日常饮食管理有哪些困难或需求？您希望得到哪方面的帮助和指导？
1.2.2　资料收集方法
采用现象学质性研究方法，由经过培训且熟练掌握访谈技巧的研究人员通过半结构化访谈法对研究对象进行访谈。每名照顾者访谈前向受访者主动说明访谈目的，并遵循保密原则保护患儿个人隐私，征得同意后签署知情同意书并录音。访谈时间为15~30 min，访谈地点为科室密闭、安静的谈话间，访谈时结合实际情况对访谈提纲的顺序进行适当调整，适当使用倾听、追问等技巧，避免语言暗示及诱导性提问，观察记录受访者表情和肢体语言等。
1.2.3　资料分析方法
访谈结束后24 h内转录资料，根据Colaizzi分析法[9]对资料进行分析，使用NVivo 11软件辅助分析，2名研究人员分别对资料进行分析、编码和归纳，最终由团队成员共同讨论形成主题。
2　结果
收起
2.1　主题1：肾脏病饮食认知与信息缺乏
2.1.1　疾病相关饮食认知缺乏
在疾病确诊后初期，患儿照顾者认为患儿疾病与饮食无关，但在长期复诊治疗的过程中才逐渐了解肾脏病患儿正确饮食的重要性。P4：“我也不知道为什么小孩会得这个病，明明我们家里大人都是好的，不可能是遗传，吃的东西也都一样，也不可能是吃出来的”。P5：“我们家刚确诊这个病的时候，以为住院期间控制一下饮食就好了，出院了就正常了，和以前一样什么都能吃，后来复诊再入院治疗，才知道要控制饮食”。P11：“医生说等检查结果正常了，就能给孩子适当正常吃东西了，我也不懂，看着查血结果好了就给孩子吃了”。
2.1.2　肾脏病饮食相关信息缺乏
部分慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者在患儿疾病确诊后，会通过百度或公众号等公共网站了解相关信息，但这些信息让照顾者难以抓住重点，无法获取有效信息。P2：“我在百度上查了一些，上面的那些食物我也不知道小孩能不能吃，我怕万一吃了会（对疾病）有影响”。P6：“网上的信息太多了，有说能吃鱼虾的，有说不能吃鱼虾的，我也不知道哪个说得对，我也不懂，就按以前小孩经常吃过的东西给他吃”。P10：“我知道饮食要清淡一些，忌油腻的东西，具体这方面的知识我不知道”。
2.2　主题2：饮食管理宣教笼统不清晰和个体化差异
2.2.1　饮食管理宣教过于笼统
多名患儿照顾者表示，常规饮食管理宣教专业术语太多，让人难以理解，且正确饮食的种类和数量不够具体，有很大的局限性。P1：“护士在讲饮食的时候，只说优质蛋白、低盐低脂，那优质蛋白都是什么食物，吃多少才算是少量，我没办法算那么精准”。P3：“医生跟我说了要限制海鲜类的食物摄入，限制盐和糖的摄入，只说了限制吃什么，没有进一步说可以吃什么，感觉能吃的东西没多少种类了，小孩有的东西也不爱吃，医生要是能给一个能吃的食物种类图谱就好了”。P12：“医生说要坚持长期吃口服药，但是这些药会导致缺钙和缺钾，让我平时给小孩多补充一些含钙、含钾的食物，我知道喝牛奶能补钙，不知道吃什么能补钾，也不敢乱吃”。P5：“我家孩子检查出来对小麦重度过敏，很多食物都是小麦做的，除了米饭不知道还能让孩子吃什么”。
2.2.2　饮食管理存在个体化差异
医护人员会根据患儿的实验室检查结果调整饮食宣教，但患儿的生长发育及机体耐受存在个体化差异。P11：“医生说苹果这种水果我家孩子可以吃的，也不过敏，但是发现孩子吃了不行，隔壁床的孩子吃了就没什么事啊”。P2：“我家孩子年龄这么小，能吃的本来就少，还有这么多要注意的，这样控制饮食营养肯定不够了，孩子怎么长身体呀”。
2.3　主题3：照顾者饮食管理能力不足与患儿依从性不高共存
2.3.1　照顾者饮食管理能力不足
2.3.1.1　饮食管理行为单一
照顾者在进行患儿日常饮食管理时，通常会根据医生建议选择固定的食物种类，长期饮食食物种类单一。P8：“生病了肯定听医生的，医生说能吃什么，我就给他吃什么，别的都强制不给他吃，都是为了他好”。P10：“我每天基本都是做一些瘦猪肉或鸡肉，搭配一些青菜，做得很清淡，别的也不敢给他吃，怕吃错了又加重（肾脏）负担”。
2.3.1.2　照顾者精力不足
照顾者通常担任多种角色，在照顾患儿的同时需兼顾工作、生活及家庭，缺乏时间和精力进行日常饮食管理。P9：“我平时都要上班，接送孩子上学都是爷爷奶奶，也没有时间去学细致的饮食管理，只能尽量控制孩子不乱吃东西”。P10：“孩子基本都是我来照顾，家里还有个小的（妹妹），2个孩子都是正爱闹腾的时候，根本没空了解营养饮食这方面的东西”。P7：“他爸妈都忙，他都是跟着我，饮食也没注意，我也不懂，都是做啥吃啥”。
2.3.1.3　饮食管理有限
部分照顾者表示，患儿在校学习期间无法参与饮食管理，缺乏在校期间进行饮食管理的方法和途径。P1：“她上学都是在学校里吃，吃的什么我也不知道，我也看不见，半个月才回来1次，我也没办法管啊”。P7：“小孩平时住宿，在学校里吃，一般都是米饭和菜，具体吃什么我也不知道”。
2.3.2　患儿依从性不高
2.3.2.1　饮食与社交限制
部分照顾者表示，在多个孩子的家庭进行区别性饮食管理会导致患儿出现抗拒心理及依从性变差。P10：“他喜欢吃汉堡薯条，我跟他说不能吃这些，每次看到妹妹吃汉堡的时候，都会强烈要求也要吃汉堡，不给他吃就会发很大脾气，会哭闹很久”。P11：“她平时跟她同学出去玩，会一起吃快餐或者小吃，同学都不知道她有这个病，她不想让同学知道，不想被当成特殊群体，不想成为同学私下议论的对象”。P1：“她说在学校里饮食方面都跟同学们吃一样的，如果只吃特定几种类型的食物，会感觉被孤立”。
2.3.2.2　缺乏同伴支持
在饮食管理期间，来自同伴和亲人的安慰和理解，尤其是患儿日常生活的倾听诉说，对患儿是一种宽慰和支持。P5：“他对小麦过敏，只能吃米饭，他说他朋友都不理解，觉得他肠胃很差，很多东西都不能吃，他觉得融入不进集体里面。但是在医院里的时候，周围也有很多孩子和他一样，他们会一起聊天讨论说自己不能吃的东西有哪些”。P12：“平时限制她的饮食，她偶尔会发脾气，但是她看到同病房别的小朋友也不能乱吃东西，她就能很快接受，并且能保持情绪稳定不哭闹”。
3　讨论
收起
3.1　提高主要照顾者对慢性肾脏病患儿饮食管理的认知水平
本研究结果显示，部分慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者认为患儿不需要进行肾脏病相关的饮食限制，且担心饮食限制会影响患儿的正常生长发育。原因可能是：在疾病确诊初期，照顾者较多存在焦虑及担心疾病的预后情况，忽略了慢性病管理的长期性，同时照顾者自身缺乏相关医学知识，对饮食管理的重要性了解不足。良好的认知水平可促进积极情绪的产生，通过从各渠道获取信息储备疾病相关知识能有效规避错误信息，辨析病情变化过程[10]。因此，医护人员应给予照顾者心理支持并告知其饮食管理的重要性，强调良好的饮食管理可改善患儿的长期预后，延缓慢性肾脏病进展。同时，医护人员还应充分评估患儿的疾病分期和照顾者的文化程度，通过开展肾脏病饮食小讲座、发放饮食信息卡片等方式提高患儿照顾者对饮食管理的认知水平。
3.2　加强个性化饮食管理宣教
本研究结果表明，医护人员在饮食管理宣教时更侧重讲解忌口食物，并没有详细阐述饮食管理的方式、方法及个体差异，照顾者无法科学选择多样化的食物种类。鼓励照顾者记录1周内的饮食摄入情况，以饮食日记的方式记录饮食分量、饮食质量、食欲、味道和胃肠道症状的变化情况。医护人员应结合患儿年龄、生长发育、生化指标及饮食日记，定期调整患儿饮食结构比例，个性化调整宣教内容，同时在宣教过程中避免使用太多专业术语，将饮食种类量化宣教，如2个鸡蛋白的蛋白质含量约11.6 g，100 g燕麦片的蛋白质含量约15.0 g，100 g面包的蛋白质含量约8.3 g，0.5 kg牛肉的蛋白质含量约99.5 g，0.5 kg猪肉的蛋白质含量约66 g，0.5 kg对虾的蛋白质含量约93 g，100 g米饭的蛋白质含量约2.6 g等。根据患儿的年龄、体重计算每日需摄入的蛋白质，婴儿蛋白质摄入为1.0~2.5 g/（kg·d），2~17岁儿童蛋白质摄入为0.80~1.05 g/（kg·d），结合不同食物蛋白质含量，帮助照顾者制定饮食管理计划。
3.3　提供多种策略对慢性肾脏病患儿进行饮食管理
本次访谈中，部分照顾者表示在进行患儿的饮食管理过程中，需兼顾家庭、工作及生活，导致其进行日常饮食管理时精力不足，同时对饮食管理的行为单一。研究表明，15%~45%的慢性肾脏病患儿存在营养失调，营养失调会导致患儿发生营养不良或肥胖，需进行科学的营养评估及动态监测患儿的营养状况[11-13]。机体的动态变化、慢性肾脏病的病因及分期、并发症和水肿会影响营养评估的结果，生物电阻抗分析（BIA）可以无创检测身体的水分、肌肉、脂肪及蛋白质含量等。因此，推荐使用生物电阻抗分析、体质指数、年龄和头围综合评估患儿的营养状况，每3个月评估1次，慢性肾脏病5期为每个月评估1次[14-16]。农永丽等[17]研究显示，采用“三师一患”（主管医师、营养师、护师和病人）一体化营养管理，定期监测和评估病人的生化指标及营养指标，制订营养饮食方案并进行定期调整，可有效改善其营养状况，提高饮食依从性，延缓慢性肾脏病进展。因此，组建由肾脏科医生、营养师、护士组成的多学科团队，结合多种方式定期评估患儿的营养状况，共同制定慢性肾脏病患儿每日饮食食谱，每次评估后根据患儿个体情况调整饮食结构，修改每日饮食食谱，将饮食管理具体到种类、数量、易执行，从而减轻照顾者饮食管理负担[18-19]。同时，对于不同年龄的青少年，应逐渐建立其对自我管理的认识，培养其自我管理及自控能力，在上学时进行独立管理的过程中，指导其采用分量控制法进行食物摄入，根据其需求及困惑提供支持和帮助，加强引导和培训，帮助其建立健康饮食行为。
3.4　提高患儿饮食管理依从性
研究表明，只了解饮食限制并不能提高依从性，依从性受不同情境、环境和个体化影响，需从多个方面及采用个性化的方法提高依从性[20-21]。医护人员及照顾者通过向患儿解释饮食与疾病的关联因素，并尊重其选择偏好，选择最适合患儿且符合个体偏好的饮食管理决策。共享决策可以促进医患之间加强沟通与协作，缓解照顾者与患儿之间的饮食决策冲突，提高患儿对饮食管理的主动性和依从性。此外，慢性肾脏病的治疗、进展及预后通常与患儿及其家庭的心理社会适应有关，患儿需在长期的治疗、随访、回归社会及个人发展中找到平衡。同伴支持是指具有相同经验或体验且有相似人口学特征的个体，为实现共同目标而一起分享情感、观念、信息等，同伴支持可促进不良情绪和压力的释放，共同成长对个体的心理和疾病历程有积极正向的作用[22-23]。因此，医护人员应帮助患儿积极面对压力源，给予患儿心理支持，鼓励患儿之间进行沟通交流，制订包含心理健康、疾病知识、角色认知等多方面的同伴支持教育方案。
3.5　加强信息化建设，实施延续性护理
人工智能已逐渐开始应用在慢性肾脏病成年病人的营养管理中，但膳食图片识别评估及多种应用程序的准确性尚不明确。Chi等[24]构建的慢性肾脏病饮食管理系统可根据病人的体重、肌酐水平等计算病人每日推荐摄入量，但纳入分析的影响因素有限，且缺乏对饮食结构比例的调整，实际使用准确性仍有争议。近年来，“互联网+延续性护理”通过信息技术提供线上指导、远程监测等延续护理服务，可满足多样化的护理需求，节约人力资源[25]。未来可将互联网技术与智能随访管理系统相结合，通过智能随访管理系统实时监测患儿的慢性肾脏病分期、肾小球滤过率、血压、血糖、生化指标、营养评估结果，智能分析计算患儿所需的营养摄入量及膳食结构比例，并基于患儿的偏好、食物变应源及饮食文化差异，借助互联网从海量饮食种类中智能推荐每日膳食，同时也可利用手机端提供便捷的饮食管理指导，以“信息化+护理”的方式优化护理质量。
4　小结
收起
本研究对慢性肾脏病患儿主要照顾者进行半结构式访谈，探讨慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者在饮食管理中的感受、体验。研究发现，慢性肾脏病患儿照顾者在进行饮食管理时的体验复杂，医护人员应提高主要照顾者对患儿饮食管理的认知水平，加强与患儿及其照顾者的沟通，避免笼统宣教，多方面提供策略以提高患儿饮食管理的依从性，改善饮食管理的有效性。本研究仅纳入苏州市1所三级甲等儿童医院肾脏免疫科的患儿照顾者，样本来源单一，未来可扩大样本进行更深入研究。

文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
1
Levin A,Ahmed S B,Carrero J J,et al.Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease:known knowns and known unknowns[J].Kidney International,2024,105(4):684-701.
2
王忍,高春林,夏正坤,等.肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDIGO)会议共识[J].临床儿科杂志,2022,40(8):627-633.
3
刘海洋,刘虹.慢性肾脏病营养治疗的研究进展[J].中国血液净化,2020,19(4):259-262.
4
He Y,Qian Y,Xu Q,et al.Global trends and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults form 1990 to 2021:a systematic analysis of the global burden of diseae study[J].Front Public Health,2025,13:1696021.
5
Pardede S O,Rafli A,Gunardi H.Quality of life in chronic kidney disease children using assessment Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™[J].Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation,2019,30(4):812-818.
6
Iorember F M.Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease[J].Frontiers in Pediatrics,2018,6:161.
7
Hu E A,Coresh J,Anderson C A M,et al.Adherence to healthy dietary patterns and risk of CKD progression and all-cause mortality:findings from the CRIC(chronic renal insufficiency cohort) study[J].American Journal of Kidney Diseases,2021,77(2):235-244.
8
Authors N.KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease[J].Kidneys,2024,13(2):140-171.
9
刘明.护理质性研究[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:39-74.
10
李葵南,刘婷,王欣,等.慢性肾脏病患儿家庭抗逆力现况及影响因素调查[J].护理学杂志,2021,36(17):29-32.
11
Nelms C L,Shaw V,Greenbaum L A,et al.Assessment of nutritional status in children with kidney diseases--clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce[J].Pediatric Nephrology,2021,36(4):995-1010.
12
Mak R H,Iyengar A,Lai W M,et al.Nutrition in children with chronic kidney disease:how to thrive?[J].Journal of Renal Nutrition,2023,33(6):S49-S55.
13
Karava V,Dotis J,Kondou A,et al.Malnutrition patterns in children with chronic kidney disease[J].Life,2023,13(3):713.
14
Mak R H,Iyengar A,Wang A Y.Nutrition management for chronic kidney disease:differences and special needs for children and adults[J].Seminars in Nephrology,2023,43(4):151441.
15
Larson-Nath C,Goday P.Malnutrition in children with chronic disease[J].Nutrition in Clinical Practice,2019,34(3):349-358.
16
Corsello A,Trovato C M,Dipasquale V,et al.Malnutrition management in children with chronic kidney disease[J].Pediatric Nephrology,2025,40(1):15-24.
17
农永丽,滕海英,莫艳珍,等.“三师一患”一体化营养管理在慢性肾脏病病人中的应用[J].护理研究,2022,36(14):2566-2571.
18
Wightman A,Zimmerman C T,Neul S,et al.Caregiver experience in pediatric dialysis[J].Pediatrics,2019,143(2):e20182102.
19
Iyengar A,Mak R H.Assessment of undernutrition in pediatric chronic kidney disease-gaps and opportunities[J].Frontiers in Pediatrics,2022,10:866498.
20
Betz M,Steenes A,Peterson L,et al.Knowledge does not correspond to adherence of renal diet restrictions in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3-5[J].Journal of Renal Nutrition,2021,31(4):351-360.
21
Oquendo L G,Asencio J M M,De Las Nieves C B.Contributing factors for therapeutic diet adherence in patients receiving haemodialysis treatment:an integrative review[J].Journal of Clinical Nursing,2017,26(23/24):3893-3905.
22
韩孝萱,许翠萍,张超,等.同伴支持对癌症患者复发恐惧影响的研究进展[J].护理学杂志,2023,38(23):116-120.
23
焦杰,赫姗,张方圆,等.护理专业本科生实习期间同伴支持体验的质性研究[J].军事护理,2024,41(11):57-60.
24
Chi Y L,Chen T Y,Tsai W T.A chronic disease dietary consultation system using OWL-based ontologies and semantic rules[J].Journal of Biomedical Informatics,2015,53:208-219.
25
黎婉婷,于红静,凌冬兰,等.慢性病患者“互联网+延续护理”研究进展[J].护理学杂志,2020,35(3):106-110.
2026年第40卷第11期
16
7
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017
  • 接收时间：2025-07-01
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-06-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2025-07-01
  • 修回日期：2026-03-08
基金
作者信息
    1苏州大学附属儿童医院，江苏 215000

通讯作者:

洪忠芹，E-mail：
HONG Zhongqin, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.11.017
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62662699（运营及技术支持）
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持