Article(id=1322931685037319065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=1780416000000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341092594, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341092594, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341092594, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341092594, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322931549481599694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2001', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341060276, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343118019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2072, endPage=2077, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322931685242839962, articleId=1322931685037319065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Concept analysis of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the definition and connotative characteristics of the concept of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes.

Methods

The system retrieved relevant literature on social isolation among the elderly from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,CNKI,SinoMed,WanFang Database,and VIP Database.Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was employed for the analysis.

Results

A total of 39 articles were finally included.The manifestations of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes included spatial isolation,interpersonal isolation,emotional isolation,event isolation,and ability isolation.The antecedent variables included demographic factors,health factors,social participation,and the length of residence in nursing homes.The outcome indicators of social isolation for the elderly in nursing homes were their impact on physical health,quality of life,cognitive ability,suicide rate and mortality.

Conclusions

The assessment of social isolation is an important indicators of the quality of life for the elderly.Defining social isolation of the elderly in nursing homes helps caregivers accurately identify and intervene in the occurrence and development of social isolation among the elderly.It could reduce the adverse effects of social isolation on the elderly,and provide decision-making references for the sustainable development of institutional elderly care and the formulation of elderly policies.

, authors=Weitong LI, Yilin LI, authorsList=Weitong LI, Yilin LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weitong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322931685972648863, articleId=1322931685037319065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念分析, columnId=1322165052220748414, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=理论研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨养老机构老年人社会疏离概念的定义及内涵特征。

方法

系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方数据库、维普数据库等数据库中与老年人社会疏离相关的文献。采用Rodgers概念分析法进行分析。

结果

最终纳入文献39篇。养老机构老年人社会疏离表现形式为空间疏离、人际疏离、情感疏离、事件疏离及能力疏离。前因变量为人口学因素、健康因素、社会参与、养老机构居住时间;养老机构老年人的社会疏离结局指标为影响老年人身体健康、生活质量、认知能力、自杀率与死亡率。

结论

社会疏离评估是老年人生活质量的重要指标之一,界定养老机构老年人社会疏离有助于机构照护人员精准识别和干预老年人社会疏离的发生发展,减少社会疏离对老年人造成的不良影响,为机构养老可持续发展和老龄政策制定提供决策参考。

, authors=李玮彤, 李依林, authorsList=李玮彤, 李依林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李玮彤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Weitong, E-mail:
李玮彤,讲师,博士研究生,E-mail:
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养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念分析
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李玮彤 , 李依林
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(12): 2072-2077
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (12) : 2072 -2077
养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念分析
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李玮彤 , 李依林
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学,江苏 210023
通讯作者:
LI Weitong, E-mail:
李玮彤,讲师,博士研究生,E-mail:
Concept analysis of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes
Weitong LI , Yilin LI
Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210023 China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.009
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目的

探讨养老机构老年人社会疏离概念的定义及内涵特征。

方法

系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方数据库、维普数据库等数据库中与老年人社会疏离相关的文献。采用Rodgers概念分析法进行分析。

结果

最终纳入文献39篇。养老机构老年人社会疏离表现形式为空间疏离、人际疏离、情感疏离、事件疏离及能力疏离。前因变量为人口学因素、健康因素、社会参与、养老机构居住时间;养老机构老年人的社会疏离结局指标为影响老年人身体健康、生活质量、认知能力、自杀率与死亡率。

结论

社会疏离评估是老年人生活质量的重要指标之一,界定养老机构老年人社会疏离有助于机构照护人员精准识别和干预老年人社会疏离的发生发展,减少社会疏离对老年人造成的不良影响,为机构养老可持续发展和老龄政策制定提供决策参考。

老年人  /  社会疏离  /  概念分析  /  养老机构
Objective

To explore the definition and connotative characteristics of the concept of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes.

Methods

The system retrieved relevant literature on social isolation among the elderly from databases such as PubMed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,CNKI,SinoMed,WanFang Database,and VIP Database.Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis was employed for the analysis.

Results

A total of 39 articles were finally included.The manifestations of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes included spatial isolation,interpersonal isolation,emotional isolation,event isolation,and ability isolation.The antecedent variables included demographic factors,health factors,social participation,and the length of residence in nursing homes.The outcome indicators of social isolation for the elderly in nursing homes were their impact on physical health,quality of life,cognitive ability,suicide rate and mortality.

Conclusions

The assessment of social isolation is an important indicators of the quality of life for the elderly.Defining social isolation of the elderly in nursing homes helps caregivers accurately identify and intervene in the occurrence and development of social isolation among the elderly.It could reduce the adverse effects of social isolation on the elderly,and provide decision-making references for the sustainable development of institutional elderly care and the formulation of elderly policies.

the elderly  /  social isolation  /  concept analysis  /  nursing homes
李玮彤, 李依林. 养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2072 -2077 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.009
Weitong LI, Yilin LI. Concept analysis of social isolation among the elderly in nursing homes[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2072 -2077 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.009
在人口老龄化加速与家庭结构核心化的双重驱动下,机构养老已成为社会养老服务体系的重要支柱。与其他养老模式相比,养老机构严格限制的时空管理制度会忽视老年人自主、尊严和精神的需求,导致机构老年人社会融入不足、亲情友情缺位,引发社会疏离[1]。已有研究表明,社会疏离会导致老年人孤独抑郁、认知衰退、心血管疾病、跌倒等风险增加[2],影响老年人的身心健康。然而,老年人由于传统文化观念、社会功能弱化等因素,以不拖累子女、减轻家庭负担为目的,进入机构后一定程度上隐藏自身情感需求,导致社会疏离症状隐匿难以动态化识别。同时,养老机构出于管理需要,往往忽视老年人自身意愿及身心健康需求,所提供的环境和服务支持尚不健全,个人、环境因素错综复杂使老年人社会疏离更具特殊性。因此,如何精准识别养老机构老年人社会疏离问题,对促进养老机构老年人融入社会至关重要。概念界定是开展研究的基础环节,对明确核心概念、构建理论体系、推动研究深入具有重要意义,能够有效厘清被多学科广泛应用但内涵尚不清晰的概念[3]。Rodgers演化概念分析法关注概念随时间与情境变化而产生的动态演变,可有效辨析概念内涵及其应用场景[4]。因此,本研究采用Rodgers演化概念分析法对养老机构老年人社会疏离进行界定,旨在帮助机构照护人员理解该群体社会疏离的特征与内涵,为构建养老机构老年人社会疏离的测评工具提供理论依据,实现养老机构老年人社会融入个性化、动态化和科学化。
系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)、万方数据库、维普数据库等数据库,采用主题词和自由词组合的方法,中文检索词包括养老机构、老年人、社会疏离,英文检索词包括long-term care、nursing home、nursing facility、older people、older adults、the elderly、older residents、social isolation、social alienation、social distancing、social exclusion,检索时限为建库至2025年2月28日。文献纳入标准:研究对象为养老机构老年人群;研究内容涉及该群体社会疏离的概念界定、影响因素、结局表现及测量工具等;文献语种限定为中文与英文。排除标准:重复发表的文献以及无法获取全文的文献。
研究内容涵盖养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念演变、定义属性、前因变量、结局指标及测评工具等方面;同时排除会议论文、与研究主题无关及重复发表的文献。Rodgers[5]提出,在开展概念分析时需纳入不少于30篇文献或达到总文献量的20%,才能保证研究结果的可靠性。共检索文献5 901篇,导入EndNote软件删除重复文献后保留5 404篇,阅读题目、摘要后保留83篇,依据纳入与排除标准,排除无法获得全文或无法提取有效信息的文献,补充纳入文献的参考文献4篇,最终纳入文献39篇,符合Rodgers概念分析法文献数量要求。文献筛选流程见图1。
以Rodgers概念分析法为框架,具体步骤包括确定研究概念、文献资料收集、明确概念应用情境、辨析相关概念、提炼概念属性特征、分析前因变量与结局指标、构建典型案例以及提出后续研究启示。在此基础上,从养老机构老年人社会疏离的概念内涵、发展演变、相关影响因素、结局及意义等维度,对该概念进行系统界定。
社会关系是人类福祉的核心,与维持健康密切相关[6]。社会疏离是一个全球性问题,影响着个人在整个生命过程中的健康。社会疏离是客观上与他人的物理分离,并存在社会关系的相对缺失[7-8]。Cacioppo等[9]认为社会关系有客观和主观两种特征,即个人在社会上被疏离的程度(客观疏离)和个人感到被社会疏离的程度(主观疏离)。感知到的社会疏离为孤独,使人感到悲伤,激活神经生物学机制,对健康和福祉造成影响。Taylor等[10]从客观和主观两个方面概念化社会疏离。客观社会疏离为与他人隔离和物理分离的有形措施,衡量标准通常包括一个人的社交网络规模以及与一个人社交网络成员的接触频率。主观社会疏离为一个人社交网络中关系的质量,衡量标准包括孤独感和与社交网络成员缺乏亲近感。Cornwell等[11]提出了社会脱节和感知疏离两种形式的社会疏离。社交脱节的特征是缺乏与他人的联系,感知到的疏离表现为一个人的社交资源不足的主观体验。老年人社会孤立的表现形式为生命历程的变化,如社会角色丧失、社交活动缺如。
综上所述,本研究认为社会疏离是社交网络规模缩小和社交接触匮乏的客观且可量化的反映,养老机构老年人由于年龄、健康状况不佳、功能和认知障碍和信息技术短缺,社会接触受到限制,进而导致低社会融入的身心状态和社交模式,老年人仿佛被“二次遗弃”,感知孤独的社会疏离现象会随之发生。这些因素会显著影响养老机构老年人的身心健康,不利于老年人融入社会。
替代词是指研究者在研究中,用以表达核心概念,但与所选概念表述不同的词汇。本研究中“社会疏离”由“social isolation”翻译而来,二者可互为替代表达。
相关词是指与目标概念存在共通之处,但核心特征不完全一致的词汇。经文献梳理分析,本研究的相关概念为社会衰弱。社会衰弱主要包含3个方面内容:长期的社会隔离、弱化的自我社会角色以及持续的社会资源匮乏。其中,长期社会隔离又可分为客观社会隔离与主观社会隔离。客观层面表现为老年人受衰老、疾病等因素影响,外出活动减少,人际交往与社会接触受限;主观层面则体现为隔离感、孤独感等消极情绪体验。上述表现最终会导致老年人生理功能衰退、生活质量降低,并增加失能乃至死亡的风险[12]。
养老机构作为一种集中型养老模式,虽便于资源整合与管理,却因空间限制削弱了老年人的社会参与度。有研究表明,社会参与有益于健康,能够保护认知功能,社会关系提供的情感支持可以提高心理健康,如降低抑郁、孤独感,具有显著保护效应[13-14]。机构养老导致双重社交网络断裂。一方面,原有社区网络因物理隔离难以维系,老年人失去志愿者、活动组织者等社会角色,产生自我价值失落感;另一方面,机构与社区间新社交渠道的缺失加剧了社会脱节。同时,探访频率降低等家庭联系弱化现象,进一步强化了老年人的空间疏离体验,形成多维度的空间疏离困境。
机构养老中的社会疏离表现为双重情感缺位与结构性社交困境。情感层面,亲缘弱化与浅层化机构互动共同导致老年人孤独感加剧,形成“被遗弃者”心理认知,构成抑郁情绪的心理诱因。社交层面,老年人因老化及疾病等导致外出活动减少,与他人的交流及与社会的接触受到限制[12]。随着老年人自理能力和认知水平的下降,老年人面临身心衰退与病耻感的双重排斥,既受制于自身失能程度,又因机构内群体分层遭受排斥[15],而护理人员往往容易忽视老年人的社会性需求[16],最终形成“圈层固化-边缘强化”的恶性循环,加剧老年人的人际疏离。
养老机构活动范围限制、社交网络缩减及社会支持缺失使养老机构中的老年人产生孤独感和情感感知疏离。养老机构老年人因距离障碍与外部社会网络脱节,原有社会网络活动往来互动受限,尤其是与家人、朋友的关系弱化[17]。现有研究表明,老年人从同龄人中获得的非正式护理与支持更多,同龄人往往成为对抗老年人社会疏离的核心部分[18]。而朋友疏离会使老年人社会角色剥离、自我认同降低,逐渐对生活失去兴趣。此外,在养老机构中工作人员往往依据管理制度对老年人进行护理和管理,缺乏个性化的关怀和支持,使老年人的情感需求得不到满足、意见不被重视,感到无助。这种隐形疏离感可能对老年人的自尊心和自信心造成打击,进一步加剧其情感疏离的程度。
养老机构老年人,除部分失能[15]、残疾老年人[19]、认知受损老年人[20],因身体机能退化导致自理能力下降,依赖机构护理人员照护。智能化时代下,养老机构老年人的能力疏离更多呈现在技术层面,数字排斥(如智能手机使用障碍)构成新型社会疏离机制,无法完成远程社交接触[21],同时加剧老年人文化水平和思想水平的相对滞后、认知能力衰退,导致代际沟通断裂与数字化社会支持失效。现有研究表明,当社交距离受到限制时,电话外展计划或许可以帮助老年人脱离社会疏离[22-23],而相比于视频通话,老年人更倾向于使用电话[24-28]。值得注意的是,护理依赖程度越高,老年人技术适应能力退化越显著,最终在“身体失能-数字失语”的交互作用下,社会联结呈现不可逆的断裂态势。
老年人长期居住于养老机构后,由于环境固化减少新社交机会,亲友拜访减少,原有社会关系网络日趋弱化。在工作日,因子女忙碌导致探访频率骤降,老年人缺乏亲情陪伴,加剧孤独感与社会疏离。同时,老年人遭遇疾病、丧亲或同住者离世等突发变故时,可能主动切断社会网络。这种疏离具有明显的情境依赖性,需采取动态干预措施加以缓解。
典型案例体现概念所有的定义属性。1名75岁女性老年人,独居养老机构3年,患有退行性骨关节炎及轻度听力障碍。养老机构位于郊区,子女同城,每个月探视1次,老年人与原有社区距离较远,社区网络因物理隔离难以维系,部分社会角色缺失(空间疏离)。因双腿活动受限,日常需借助助行器缓慢移动。机构活动室位于3层无电梯区域,当其他老年人参与手工课或茶话会时,她常独自滞留于1层卧室,透过窗户观看庭院却无法参与(人际疏离)。因听力衰退需佩戴助听器,在集体用餐时总担心听不清他人对话引发嘲笑,逐渐选择让护工送餐至房间(人际疏离)。春节视频通话时,面对孙辈展示的智能手表健康监测功能,反复摆手拒绝学习:“眼睛花了,学了也要忘”(能力疏离)。某日发现床头全家福相框落灰,子女因工作日忙碌探访频率骤降,连续2周未联系子女,自言自语:“他们忙的都是大事”(事件疏离)。近期拒绝参加认知训练小组,向护理工作人员坦言:“我这把老骨头,活着也就是占张床”(情感疏离)。最终发展为整日卧床凝视天花板,出现抑郁情绪。
1)人口学因素:年龄是主要影响因素。研究表明,养老机构中最年长的老年人比同一社区的年轻老年人遭受更严重的社会疏离,特别是与朋友的隔离远高于与家人的隔离[29]。2)健康因素:听力损失在老年人群中十分常见却易被忽视,会直接限制其人际互动与社交活动,使其逐步丧失社交自主性,进而提升社会疏离发生风险。现有研究显示,存在中重度听力损失的老年人,其社会疏离风险较听力正常者高出2.13倍[30]。3)社会参与:社交活动减少与孤独感的增加有关,而一个大型或不断增长的社交网络被证明可以避免社会疏离[31]。4)养老机构居住时间:养老机构居住的时间与孤独感呈正相关,孤独感会加剧社会疏离程度[32]。因此,应鼓励养老机构工作人员将精力集中在入住时间较长且健康状况较差的老年人身上,帮助老年人避免社会疏离。
1)身体健康:社会疏离和孤独是成年人慢性压力的常见来源。现有研究表明,中老年人血压升高与孤独感之间存在关联,这种关联随着个体年龄的增长而加强,进而导致老年人患心血管疾病风险增加[33]。2)生活质量:社会疏离尤其是缺乏社会支持,导致老年人易产生痛苦或不适感,出现焦虑、抑郁或孤独感等症状,从而影响生活质量[34]。3)认知能力:社交和认知活动对大脑有刺激作用,较少的活动可能导致大脑萎缩,认知能力下降。现有研究表明,社会疏离是痴呆的一个风险因素,感知孤独是全因痴呆的重要危险因素[35]。4)自杀率与死亡率:晚年自杀是一个重要的公共卫生问题,65岁以后自杀风险大幅增加[36]。长期居住在养老机构的老年人可能在社交上被孤立,并且有精神和身体健康限制,这些因素使老年人自杀风险增高。此外,社会疏离还与死亡率增加有关[36],孤独通常被视为社会疏离的心理体现,孤独与死亡率的关联通过与慢性病和功能障碍的联系介导,尤其是在关节炎、行动障碍和抑郁方面。减少社会疏离和孤独感对生活质量很重要,减少孤独感可能会在死亡率方面产生更大的影响。
科学的测度方法是准确评估养老机构老年人社会疏离程度的基础。目前关于社会疏离测评工具较多,多由国外学者编制,应用较广泛的工具为老年人社会隔离量表(Social Isolation Scale in Older Adults,SIS)[37],包括联系度和归属感2个维度,共6个条目,总量表Cronbach's α系数为0.77。其次,Berkman社交网络指数(Berkman Social Net-work Index,BSNI)应用较多,直接测量老年人社会网络关系,包含婚姻、宗教参与、组织参与、亲密关系4个方面。我国学者张硕等[38]将其汉化形成中文版,将宗教参与修订为信仰活动。除上述量表外,还有一些量表是对社会疏离构成要素独立评估,如社会交往焦虑量表(Social Interaction Anxiety Scale,SIAS)和社交恐惧量表(Social Phobia Scale,SPS)。目前研究大多针对疏离感的单一维度进行量表测量,缺乏考虑养老机构老年人社会疏离特征的测度工具,需要根据社会疏离测评工具的相关条目进行梳理和总结,结合概念分析结果,编制养老机构老年人社会疏离测评工具。
采用Rodgers的演化概念分析法分析养老机构老年人社会疏离的内涵,确定其定义属性以及其演化过程,其概念框架见图2。
社会疏离程度是评估养老机构老年人生存质量与健康状况的关键指标之一,也是积极老龄化进程中的重要考量内容。本研究运用Rodgers概念分析法,系统梳理了养老机构老年人社会疏离的表现形式及前因后果,旨在协助机构照护人员精准把握该概念的内涵与特征,从而为老年人的健康管理与照护实践提供理论依据。尽管当前我国对老年人社会参与的重视程度日益提升,但针对养老机构老年人社会疏离的研究尚显不足,多局限于理论层面,缺乏全面与深入的实证探索。同时,现有研究存在一定局限性:老年人社会疏离的影响因素复杂多元,各因素的作用强度及具体机制尚未明确;研究方法以范围综述、调查访谈及文献研究为主,且多数研究未能采用专用测评工具对社会疏离程度进行量化评估。未来研究者可参考国外相关研究成果,对养老机构老年人社会疏离开展更为深入剖析,在明确该概念内涵与外延的前提下,进一步研发并完善适用于养老机构老年人的社会疏离测评工具。
同时,养老机构管理者应将社会疏离纳入健康管理照护计划,厘清不同类别的养老机构老年人社会疏离内在规律,精准识别复杂多因素的老年人社会融入实际需求,构建融合政府、社区、家庭、社会和机构协同合作的科学化、合理化的干预措施。在考虑机构管理的前提下,充分给予机构老年人自主权,借助网络平台构建双向社会支持体系,如通过一键呼叫、微订单服务,将需求转化为订单的方式上传至平台并连接相关主体,满足老年人给予支持和外界环境提供支持的双向需求。此外,应推进相关干预研究的开展,并以社会生态系统理论为框架,构建更多高效、可行的干预方案,从而清晰界定当前概念的应用现状。期望后续的调查研究与干预实践能够为养老机构老年人社会疏离概念提供明确的参考框架,进一步推动相关测评工具的开发,为破解养老机构老年人的“囚老”困境提供科学的实践路径与政策支撑。

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2026年第40卷第12期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.009
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
  • 修回日期:2026-06-03
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    1南京中医药大学,江苏 210023

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LI Weitong, E-mail:
李玮彤,讲师,博士研究生,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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