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Article(id=1322931564849541881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750348800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-20, revisedDate=1780416000000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341063940, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341063940, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341063940, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341063940, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322931549481599694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2001', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341060276, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343118019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2086, endPage=2092, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322931565050868474, articleId=1322931564849541881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Mendelian randomization analysis of dietary preferences and allergic asthma, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically evaluate the genetic causal relationship between dietary preferences and allergic asthma using Mendelian randomization(MR).

Methods

Based on the genome-wide association study(GWAS) data of 187 dietary preferences from the UK Biobank,and the GWAS data of allergic asthma from the FinnGen database,a dual-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship.

Results

The Mendelian randomization causal analysis showed that preferences for bacon,soft cheese,and cornflakes were positively associated with the risk of allergic asthma,while the preference for high-fiber vegetables showed protective effect against allergic asthma.The robustness of the results was verified through heterogeneity tests and level pleiotropy analysis.The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis results indicated that there was no dominant effect of a single-nucleotide polymorphism.

Conclusions

Preference for bacon,soft cheese,and cornflakes may increase the risk of allergic asthma,while preference for high-fiber vegetables may have protective effect.The research results provide preliminary genetic causal evidence for formulating dietary intervention-based prevention and control strategies for allergic asthma.

, authors=Cuiping ZHANG, Hongzhen XU, Shuzhen ZHU, authorsList=Cuiping ZHANG, Hongzhen XU, Shuzhen ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongzhen XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322931567621976833, articleId=1322931564849541881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的孟德尔随机化分析, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

采用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法系统评估饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的遗传因果关系。

方法

基于英国生物样本库（UK Biobank）公开的187种饮食喜好的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据，以及芬兰基因数据库（Finn Gen）的过敏性哮喘GWAS数据，通过双样本孟德尔随机化分析探究因果关系。

结果

孟德尔随机化因果分析结果显示，培根喜好、软质奶酪喜好以及玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘风险存在正向因果关联，高纤维蔬菜喜好显示对过敏性哮喘的保护效应。通过异质性检验和水平多效性分析验证了结果的稳健性。留一法敏感性分析结果表明不存在单个单核苷酸多态性主导效应。

结论

培根、软质奶酪及玉米片喜好可能增加过敏性哮喘风险，而高纤维蔬菜喜好具有潜在保护作用，研究结果为制定基于饮食干预的过敏性哮喘防控策略提供了初步的遗传因果证据。

, authors=张翠平, 徐红贞*, *, 朱淑贞, authorsList=张翠平, 徐红贞, 朱淑贞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐红贞, authorNote=

张翠平，主管护师，硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐红贞，E-mail：
XU Hongzhen， E-mail：
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of leave-one-out analysis for the causal relationship between food liking and allergic asthma（A为培根喜好与过敏性哮喘发病存在正向因果关系；B为软质奶酪喜好与过敏性哮喘发病存在正向因果关系；C为玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘发病存在正向因果关系；D为高纤维蔬菜喜好与过敏性哮喘发病存在负向因果关系）, figureFileSmall=9rsBX3Nvwo2VhH91AmshrQ==, figureFileBig=xAK2zLrmOMv6ad3jUj5EKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322931569857540899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931564849541881, language=CN, label=图3, caption=饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘因果关系的留一法森林图, figureFileSmall=9rsBX3Nvwo2VhH91AmshrQ==, figureFileBig=xAK2zLrmOMv6ad3jUj5EKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322931569920455460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931564849541881, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The results of heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and reverse causality tests in MR analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物喜好异质性水平多效性反向因果检验（Steiger检验）
MR-IVW法MR-Egger回归法MR-PRESSO全局检验MR-Egger截距检验
培根喜好0.3020.1910.4450.6965.68×10-17
软质奶酪喜好0.6440.8350.6701.67×10-24
玉米片喜好0.6930.4560.6980.2761.06×10-12
高纤维蔬菜喜好0.0010.0010.6280.5442.74×10-97
), ArticleFig(id=1322931570016924453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931564849541881, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MR分析异质性、水平多效性、反向因果检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物喜好异质性水平多效性反向因果检验（Steiger检验）
MR-IVW法MR-Egger回归法MR-PRESSO全局检验MR-Egger截距检验
培根喜好0.3020.1910.4450.6965.68×10-17
软质奶酪喜好0.6440.8350.6701.67×10-24
玉米片喜好0.6930.4560.6980.2761.06×10-12
高纤维蔬菜喜好0.0010.0010.6280.5442.74×10-97
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饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的孟德尔随机化分析
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张翠平 , 徐红贞 *, * , 朱淑贞
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(12): 2086-2092
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (12) : 2086 -2092
饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的孟德尔随机化分析
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张翠平, 徐红贞*, * , 朱淑贞
作者信息
  • 1浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院 儿童少年健康与疾病国家临床医学研究中心，浙江 310003
通讯作者:
徐红贞，E-mail：
XU Hongzhen， E-mail：
作者简介:

张翠平，主管护师，硕士研究生

Mendelian randomization analysis of dietary preferences and allergic asthma
Cuiping ZHANG, Hongzhen XU , Shuzhen ZHU
Affiliations
  • 1Children's Hospital， Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases， Zhejiang 310003 China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.011
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摘要
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目的

采用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法系统评估饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的遗传因果关系。

方法

基于英国生物样本库（UK Biobank）公开的187种饮食喜好的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据，以及芬兰基因数据库（Finn Gen）的过敏性哮喘GWAS数据，通过双样本孟德尔随机化分析探究因果关系。

结果

孟德尔随机化因果分析结果显示，培根喜好、软质奶酪喜好以及玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘风险存在正向因果关联，高纤维蔬菜喜好显示对过敏性哮喘的保护效应。通过异质性检验和水平多效性分析验证了结果的稳健性。留一法敏感性分析结果表明不存在单个单核苷酸多态性主导效应。

结论

培根、软质奶酪及玉米片喜好可能增加过敏性哮喘风险，而高纤维蔬菜喜好具有潜在保护作用，研究结果为制定基于饮食干预的过敏性哮喘防控策略提供了初步的遗传因果证据。

过敏性哮喘  /  饮食喜好  /  孟德尔随机化  /  护理  /  全基因组关联研究
Objective

To systematically evaluate the genetic causal relationship between dietary preferences and allergic asthma using Mendelian randomization(MR).

Methods

Based on the genome-wide association study(GWAS) data of 187 dietary preferences from the UK Biobank,and the GWAS data of allergic asthma from the FinnGen database,a dual-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to explore the causal relationship.

Results

The Mendelian randomization causal analysis showed that preferences for bacon,soft cheese,and cornflakes were positively associated with the risk of allergic asthma,while the preference for high-fiber vegetables showed protective effect against allergic asthma.The robustness of the results was verified through heterogeneity tests and level pleiotropy analysis.The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis results indicated that there was no dominant effect of a single-nucleotide polymorphism.

Conclusions

Preference for bacon,soft cheese,and cornflakes may increase the risk of allergic asthma,while preference for high-fiber vegetables may have protective effect.The research results provide preliminary genetic causal evidence for formulating dietary intervention-based prevention and control strategies for allergic asthma.

allergic asthma  /  dietary preferences  /  Mendelian randomization  /  nursing  /  genome-wide association study
张翠平, 徐红贞, 朱淑贞. 饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘的孟德尔随机化分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2086 -2092 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.011
Cuiping ZHANG, Hongzhen XU, Shuzhen ZHU. Mendelian randomization analysis of dietary preferences and allergic asthma[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2086 -2092 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.011
正文
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过敏性哮喘是一种以气道炎症、上皮细胞脱落和气道重塑为特征的慢性气道疾病，是儿童中最常见的慢性病之一，同时对成人的健康也有显著影响。流行病学数据显示，在重症哮喘病人群体中，过敏性哮喘的比例更是高达71.0%[1]。该疾病在成人哮喘中占比超过50%[2]，在儿童中更是达到了80%，给患儿的学习生活和社会经济带来了严重的影响[3]。儿童正处于生长发育的关键阶段，合理的饮食不仅能满足其营养需求，还可能通过调节免疫功能，降低过敏性哮喘的发生风险并缓解症状，例如富含抗氧化剂和膳食纤维的食物有助于减轻气道炎症反应。此外，儿童期形成的饮食偏好往往具有延续性，对其成年后的饮食行为和长期健康具有深远影响。因此，早期开展科学的饮食护理干预，不仅有助于儿童哮喘的预防与控制，也可能在生命全周期中持续降低其罹患哮喘的风险。目前仍缺乏高质量的因果证据支持特定饮食干预对过敏性哮喘的有效性。饮食喜好与营养素摄入是过敏性哮喘潜在的可调控环境因素。然而，全球范围内高加工食品、低纤维以及缺乏抗氧化营养素（如维生素D、ω-3脂肪酸）的饮食结构日益普遍，这可能与过敏性哮喘发病率的上升有关[4-7]。尽管有观察性研究显示儿童期高蔬果摄入可降低过敏性哮喘风险[8-9]，但也有横断面研究未发现特定饮食模式与成人过敏性哮喘存在关联[10]。这种矛盾可能源于观察性研究的混杂偏倚（如年龄、社会经济地位、生活方式）和主观误差，以及反向因果关系的干扰。随机对照试验（RCT）虽然是确立风险因素与疾病因果关系的金标准，但长期饮食干预试验存在依从性低、成本高昂以及伦理限制等问题[11]。孟德尔随机化（MR）是一种利用与风险因素相关的遗传变异，主要是以单核苷酸多态性（SNP）为工具变量，评估遗传变异与目标结局可能的因果关系的方法，该方法可以有效降低风险因素和疾病之间估计值的偏倚，增强因果推断，从而减少观察性研究的局限性[12-14]。遗传变异是在母体受孕时随机分配的，先于疾病发作。因此，其可以类比于随机对照试验的随机化分组过程，从而限制混杂因素的影响，并消除反向因果关系产生的偏差[15]。本研究系统整合了187种饮食喜好的遗传数据，通过双样本MR分析解析其与过敏性哮喘之间的潜在因果关联，研究结果不仅为基于饮食干预的精准营养策略提供了高质量的循证依据，也为儿童过敏性哮喘的早期预防和临床饮食护理实践提供了科学支持与方向指引。
1　研究方法
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1.1　研究设计
本研究将187种饮食喜好作为暴露因素，以过敏性哮喘为结局因素，采用两样本MR分析方法，探讨二者之间的因果联系。MR方法需要工具变量满足3个假设：1)相关性假设，用作工具变量的遗传变异与暴露因素相关；2)独立性假设，遗传变异与任何可能影响暴露和结局的混杂因素无关；3)排他性假设，用作工具变量的遗传变异仅通过暴露因素影响结局[15]。见图1。
1.2　数据来源
本研究纳入的饮食喜好相关暴露因素的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据来源于英国生物样本库（UK Biobank）2022年公开的一项大型队列研究，这些数据涵盖了多种食物喜好的遗传变异[16]。过敏性哮喘的GWAS数据来源于芬兰基因数据库（Finn Gen），该数据集包含283 740名参与者，其中13 450例参与者为过敏性哮喘病例，270 290名参与者为无过敏性哮喘的对照组。这些数据为本研究提供了可靠的遗传工具变量，用于探讨饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘之间的因果关系。
1.3　工具变量
工具变量的筛选满足以下条件：1)在获取的过敏性哮喘数据中选择与食物喜好强相关的SNP，阈值设置为P<5×10-8；根据连锁不平衡评估汇总SNP位点的独立性,从不同哮喘数据中筛选出无连锁效应的工具变量（设置参数为r2<0.001,kb=10 000）[17-19]；2)剔除与结局相关的工具变量；3)异质性检验剔除显著异质的SNP；4)计算F统计量以检验单个SNP的强度。当F>10时，相关SNP被认为与暴露具有强相关性，强工具变量可以减轻潜在偏差的影响。其计算公式为F=R21-R2×N-K-1K，其中，N为暴露因素的样本量，K为工具变量个数，R2为工具变量解释的暴露因素变异比例[18]。
1.4　MR分析
采用逆方差加权法（IVW）、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法和加权模式法4种方法评估食物喜好与过敏性哮喘的因果效应。其中，当所有SNP均为有效工具变量时，IVW方法能提供最精确的估计[20]，因此，将其作为主要评估指标，其他方法则用于辅助评估因果效应值，以确保结果的稳健性。
为了验证结果的稳健性，采用IVW法和MR-Egger法进行敏感性分析中的异质性检验，检验各工具变量之间的差异。通过Cochran's Q检验统计量的P值量化异质性，P>0.05则表示结果不存在异质性，异质性的存在并不意味着IVW模型无效[21]。为识别潜在异常值，研究通过留一法敏感性分析系统评估各SNP对总体效应的影响，当剔除单个SNP导致IVW估计值发生显著偏移大于10%时，判定该位点为离群值并予以剔除。同时采用漏斗图可视化工具变量的效应分布，辅助判断异质性来源。针对水平多效性问题，研究采用双重验证策略，通过MR-Egger回归的截距项检验（P<0.05提示存在多效性）和MR-PRESSO全局检验相结合。其中MR-Egger回归通过建立基因-结局系数与基因-暴露系数的加权回归模型，其斜率反映因果效应值，截距表征多效性效应强度。此外，为控制多重假设检验带来的假阳性结果，采用错误发现率（FDR）校正以消除多重比较造成的统计偏倚。如果IVW方法的PFDR<0.05，则认为关联具有统计学意义；如果PFDR>0.05则认为存在潜在关联。所有统计分析在R软件（4.2.1版）平台完成，主要使用了TwoSampleMR（0.5.6版）和MR-PRESSO软件包等。
2　结果
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2.1　两样本MR分析
本研究通过MR分析了187个饮食相关GWAS数据，以探讨食物喜好与过敏性哮喘间的因果关系。所有筛选后的工具变量的F统计量均大于10，有效避免了弱工具变量偏差。结果表明，培根喜好与过敏性哮喘发病呈正向因果关系[OR=1.415（1.104，1.814）,P=0.006]，软质奶酪喜好与发病风险呈正相关[OR=1.451（1.083，1.944）,P=0.013]，玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘发病呈正相关[OR=1.278（1.051，1.554）,P=0.014]；高纤维蔬菜喜好与发病风险呈负相关[OR=0.858（0.752，0.979）,P=0.023]。尽管经过FDR校正后，以上4种食物喜好的关联未达到统计学显著性阈值（PFDR>0.05），但其效应方向的一致性提示这4种食物喜好与过敏性哮喘有潜在的关联，见图2。
2.2　敏感性分析
基于Cochran's Q检验的MR-IVW法和MR-Egger回归法对异质性进行检测。结果显示，培根喜好、软质奶酪喜好和玉米片喜好相关SNP的异质性检验均P>0.05，表明这些饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘之间的因果关联在不同工具变量之间具有一致性，不存在显著的异质性。然而，高纤维蔬菜喜好相关SNP的异质性检验P<0.05，提示存在显著的异质性。尽管如此，考虑到异质性检验的P值仅为0.001，远低于常规显著性水平，且在后面的水平多效性检验未发现显著问题，这种异质性可能主要源于工具变量的遗传异质性或其他未知因素，但并不足以推翻高纤维蔬菜喜好与过敏性哮喘之间存在因果关联的初步结论。此外，采用了留一法进行敏感性分析，并绘制了森林图。结果显示，在去除任意一个SNP后，剩余SNP的结果均位于无效线的同侧，见图3。这一结果表明单个SNP对总体结果的影响较小，表明本研究MR结果的稳健性。为进一步评估结果的稳健性，采用MR-Egger截距项检验和MR-PRESSO全局检验对水平多效性进行分析。结果显示，培根喜好、玉米片喜好以及高纤维蔬菜喜好多效性检验均P>0.05，表明在统计学上未发现显著的水平多效性问题，即工具变量与过敏性哮喘的关联主要通过饮食喜好这一暴露因素介导，而非通过其他未观察到的途径产生影响。然而，软质奶酪喜好由于相关SNP数目不足，未能完成MR-PRESSO检验，但MR-Egger截距项检验的P=0.670，同样提示在现有分析条件下，未发现显著的水平多效性。同时Steiger检验结果显示以上4种食物偏好相关的SNP与过敏性哮喘间均不存在反向因果效应，见表1。
3　讨论
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本研究采用两样本MR方法系统评估了187种具体饮食喜好与过敏性哮喘之间的遗传因果关系。尽管已有观察性研究探讨饮食习惯与过敏性哮喘的关联[22]，但受限于混杂因素和反向因果关系，难以确立因果效应，且多数研究仅关注宽泛的食物类别或营养素，缺乏对具体饮食偏好的深入分析。相比之下，本研究基于大规模GWAS数据，结合双样本MR方法，提供了更具因果推断效力的证据，研究发现，培根、软质奶酪、玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘风险呈正相关，而高纤维蔬菜喜好则表现出负向关联。
培根是一种高脂肪、高盐的加工肉类，其摄入可能通过多种机制加剧哮喘症状。研究表明，高脂饮食通过激活核转录因子κB（NF-κB）信号通路，增加促炎细胞因子如白细胞介素（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的表达，从而加重气道炎症[23]。此外，培根中的亚硝酸盐等添加剂可能通过氧化应激作用，进一步损害气道上皮细胞的屏障功能，增加哮喘的易感性[24]。澳大利亚针对202例严重哮喘病人的研究发现，与健康对照组相比，病人的饮食中脂肪含量显著升高，膳食纤维摄入则明显降低，这一高脂低纤饮食模式与气道嗜酸性粒细胞浸润增加显著相关（P<0.05）[25]。这些发现为加工肉类在哮喘发病中的潜在致病作用提供了遗传流行病学支撑。软质奶酪富含乳糖和饱和脂肪，可能通过促进炎症反应和免疫失调来增加哮喘风险。乳糖的摄入会增加气道内的渗透压，导致气道黏膜水肿和炎症反应。同时，奶酪中的饱和脂肪酸可能通过激活Toll样受体4（TLR4）信号通路，进一步促进炎症反应，加重哮喘症状[26]，乳制品摄入量最高的儿童患哮喘的概率显著增加，其中奶酪是乳制品的重要组成部分[27]。本研究发现软质奶酪喜好与过敏性哮喘的正向因果关系，支持了这些观察性研究的结论。玉米片作为一种高糖、高热量的加工食品，长期大量摄入可能通过升高血糖水平引发氧化应激和炎症反应，从而增加哮喘风险。动物实验显示，高糖饮食喂养的小鼠会通过激活NOD样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎性体，增加白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素-18（IL-18）的分泌，加重气道炎症[28-29]。此外，高糖饮食还会改变肠道微生物群落，影响免疫系统的调节，从而增加哮喘的易感性[30]。与上述促炎食物相反，高纤维蔬菜（如西蓝花、菠菜等）富含抗氧化剂和抗炎物质，如维生素C、类黄酮和硫化物，这些物质可以减轻炎症反应，保护肺功能，从而降低哮喘风险[31-32]。类黄酮通过抑制NF-κB信号通路，减少促炎细胞因子的表达[33-34]。此外，蔬菜中的膳食纤维可以调节肠道微生物群落，促进短链脂肪酸（SCFAs,如丁酸）的生成，从而抑制炎症反应[35-36]。研究显示，蔬菜摄入量与哮喘喘息及严重哮喘症状呈负相关[37-38]。另有研究表明，蔬菜摄入量与哮喘成人病人气道中性粒细胞水平呈负相关[39-40]。本研究中高纤维蔬菜喜好与过敏性哮喘的负向因果关系进一步证实了其潜在保护作用。
本研究揭示了饮食喜好在过敏性哮喘防控中的关键作用。限制培根、软质奶酪等高加工食品及精制谷物（如玉米片）摄入，同时增加高纤维蔬菜等抗炎饮食比例，可能从免疫调节层面降低疾病风险。儿童期作为饮食模式形成的关键窗口，早期建立富含膳食纤维与抗氧化物的饮食习惯，不仅有助于缓解当前症状，更可通过肠道菌群稳态维持与表观遗传调控产生远期健康效益。需构建家庭、学校、医疗机构联动的健康饮食促进体系，家长需加强儿童饮食监管，避免加工食品过度摄入；教育机构应将营养教育纳入课程体系，配合校园供餐改革；卫生部门则需制定基于循证证据的哮喘病人膳食指南，并通过食品政策调控优化全民饮食环境。
4　局限性
收起
本研究的局限性主要在于样本选择和亚组分析的缺失。首先，研究对象局限于欧洲人群，这可能限制了研究结果的外推性。不同地区人群在遗传背景、饮食习惯及环境因素暴露方面存在显著差异，因此，单一地区样本得出的结论可能不适用于其他地区人群。其次，研究未进行年龄和社会经济状况的亚组分析，这可能掩盖了不同年龄和社会经济群体之间的潜在差异。未来研究应使用多地区、多人群样本，并开展年龄和社会经济状况的亚组分析，以进一步验证研究结果的普遍性和可靠性。
5　小结
收起
本研究通过两样本MR方法，从187种饮食喜好中筛选出4种与过敏性哮喘风险相关的饮食模式：培根喜好、软质奶酪喜好及玉米片喜好与过敏性哮喘风险呈正相关，而高纤维蔬菜喜好则呈负相关。尽管上述关联未通过严格的FDR矫正，但其效应方向的一致性（所有方法估计值趋同）以及置信区间排除无效假设的特征，仍支持潜在的生物学意义。对于过敏性哮喘病人，尤其是儿童群体而言，减少高风险食品（如培根、软质奶酪和玉米片）的摄入，同时增加富含膳食纤维的蔬菜摄入，不仅有助于降低疾病的发生风险，还可能缓解现有症状。儿童期是饮食习惯形成的关键时期，建立健康的饮食模式不仅有利于当前健康状况的改善，更可能通过长期的免疫调节和肠道微生态平衡，对终身健康产生积极影响。本研究为基于饮食干预的过敏性哮喘护理策略提供了初步但具有潜在应用价值的遗传因果证据，并为临床实践提供了科学方向。

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2026年第40卷第12期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.011
  • 接收时间：2025-06-20
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-20
  • 修回日期：2026-06-03
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    1浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院 儿童少年健康与疾病国家临床医学研究中心，浙江 310003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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