Article(id=1322931513783878251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931411006665649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.13.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763049600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-14, revisedDate=1779033600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341051764, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341051764, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341051764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341051764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322931411006665649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='13', pageStart='2193', pageEnd='2384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341027261, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343114456, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940165425082661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931411006665649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940165425082662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931411006665649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2258, endPage=2263, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322931513997787756, articleId=1322931513783878251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Development and effectiveness evaluation of a father-participatory, diversified parent-child psychomotor training model, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a father-participatory,diversified parent-child psychomotor training model and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

A total of 198 newborns born at a tertiary maternal and child health care hospital in Gansu Province from January to June 2024 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=99) and a control group(n=99).The control group received routine psychomotor training after delivery, while the intervention group was managed using the father-participatory diversified parent-child psychomotor training model.Infant growth and development,father involvement in infant rearing,and maternal postpartum depression were assessed at 6 months after intervention.

Results

No significant differences were found between the two groups in birth weight,length,or head circumference(P>0.05).At 6 months of age,the intervention group showed significantly higher physical growth indicators, intellectual development index,and psychomotor development index compared to the control group(P<0.05). Fathers in the intervention group had higher paternal involvement score with infants(P<0.05),and mothers in the intervention group had lower postpartum depression scores(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The diversified parent-child psychomotor training model promotes infant growth and development,increases father involvement in infant rearing,and reduces maternal postpartum depression.

, authors=Xue JIANG, Jing ZHOU, Fang LIU, Huini LIANG, Lixia LIU, Yongna HU, authorsList=Xue JIANG, Jing ZHOU, Fang LIU, Huini LIANG, Lixia LIU, Yongna HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322931514429801069, articleId=1322931513783878251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式的建立及效果评价, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式并进行效果评价。

方法

选取2024年1月—6月在甘肃省某三级妇幼保健机构出生的198名新生儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将新生儿分为干预组99人和对照组99人,对照组在新生儿娩出后进行常规的智护训练,干预组采用父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式进行管理,并对干预后6个月的婴儿生长发育情况、父亲参与婴儿教养及母亲产后抑郁程度进行评价。

结果

两组新生儿出生时的体重、身长及头围比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组出生6个月在体格发育指标、智力发展指数、心理运动发展指数均高于对照组(P<0.05),父亲参与婴儿教养得分优于对照组(P<0.05),母亲产后抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论

多元化亲子智护训练模式的应用,可促进婴儿生长发育,提高父亲参与婴幼儿教养的程度,降低母亲产后抑郁程度。

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姜雪,主管护师,本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
周静,E-mail:
ZHOU Jing, E-mail:
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unstructuredReference=尹晓辉,王葳,张姣姣,等.父亲参与婴儿教养量表的汉化[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2023,31(4):369-373., articleTitle=父亲参与婴儿教养量表的汉化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520100500160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=6, pageStart=687, pageEnd=704, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Fernandes C, Monteiro L, Santos A J, journalName=Attach Hum Dev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fernandes C,Monteiro L,Santos A J,et al.Early father-child and mother-child attachment relationships:contributions to preschoolers' social competence[J].Attach Hum Dev,2020,22(6):687-704., articleTitle=Early father-child and mother-child attachment relationships:contributions to preschoolers' social competence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520175997633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=联合国儿童基金驻华办事处, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=联合国儿童基金驻华办事处.营养.游戏和关爱-适宜的营养、游戏和关爱对宝宝的大脑发育至关重要[EB/OL].(2019-06-25)[2025-10-15].https://www.unicef.cn/parenting-site/eat-play-love., articleTitle=营养, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520306021058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=22, pageStart=3097, pageEnd=3099, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=曹燕, journalName=国际护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹燕.智护训练对早产儿视听能力和家属满意度的影响[J].国际护理学杂志,2017,36(22):3097-3099., articleTitle=智护训练对早产儿视听能力和家属满意度的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520389907139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=叶文雅, 张丽萍, journalName=中国儿童保健杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=叶文雅,张丽萍,等.智护训练对足月窒息新生儿行为神经发育水平的影响[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2020,28(1):96-99., articleTitle=智护训练对足月窒息新生儿行为神经发育水平的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520457016004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=421, pageEnd=423, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=梁雪, journalName=赣南医学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁雪.智护训练对婴幼儿生长发育的影响[J].赣南医学院学报,2017,37(3):421-423., articleTitle=智护训练对婴幼儿生长发育的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520545096389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=38, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=柳爱兰, journalName=临床护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柳爱兰.智护训练在新生儿生长发育的临床观察[J].临床护理杂志,2015,14(5):38-40., articleTitle=智护训练在新生儿生长发育的临床观察, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520616399558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=442, pageEnd=444, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=桂习林, 张国英, 赵倩真, journalName=黑龙江医药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=桂习林,张国英,赵倩真.新生儿智护训练模式的构建对婴儿发育及Gesell发育商及家属满意度的影响研究[J].黑龙江医药,2021,45(4):442-444., articleTitle=新生儿智护训练模式的构建对婴儿发育及Gesell发育商及家属满意度的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520691897031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=104, issue=null, pageStart=235, pageEnd=248, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Shorey S, Chee C Y I, Ng E D, journalName=Journal of Psychiatric Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shorey S,Chee C Y I,Ng E D,et al.Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Journal of Psychiatric Research,2018,104:235-248., articleTitle=Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers:a systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520821920456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=122, issue=12, pageStart=1688, pageEnd=1694, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=Fu C W, Liu J T, Tu W J, journalName=BJOG, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu C W,Liu J T,Tu W J,et al.Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured 24 hours after delivery and postpartum depression[J].BJOG,2015,122(12):1688-1694., articleTitle=Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels measured 24 hours after delivery and postpartum depression, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520893223625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=705, pageEnd=707, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=何凯莉, 陶明, 朱翔贞, journalName=中国妇幼健康研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何凯莉,陶明,朱翔贞.产后抑郁的相关因素分析及防治[J].中国妇幼健康研究,2019,30(6):705-707., articleTitle=产后抑郁的相关因素分析及防治, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931520964526794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=237, issue=null, pageStart=112421, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Maselko J, Hagaman A K, Bates L M, journalName=Social Science & Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Maselko J,Hagaman A K,Bates L M,et al.Father involvement in the first year of life:associations with maternal mental health and child development outcomes in rural Pakistan[J].Social Science & Medicine,2019,237:112421., articleTitle=Father involvement in the first year of life:associations with maternal mental health and child development outcomes in rural Pakistan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931521052607179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=219, issue=null, pageStart=9, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=Lin W C, Chang S Y, Chen Y T, journalName=Journal of Affective Disorders, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin W C,Chang S Y,Chen Y T,et al.Postnatal paternal involvement and maternal emotional disturbances:the effect of maternal employment status[J].Journal of Affective Disorders,2017,219:9-16., articleTitle=Postnatal paternal involvement and maternal emotional disturbances:the effect of maternal employment status, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322931514710819438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322931514723402351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, companyId=1322931514710819438, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital/Gansu Provincial Central Hospital, Gansu 730050 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322931514731790960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, companyId=1322931514710819438, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),甘肃 730050)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322931517281927835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Content and operational methods of psychomotor training

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目内容操作方法
智能篇视觉训练操作者轻柔托抱宝宝,手持6 cm宽的红色海绵球,在距宝宝眼睛约20 cm的位置,由中间向左右两侧缓慢各转动90°。时间可从每次20 s开始,随着宝宝逐渐适应,延长到1~2 min,每日练习3~5次为宜
听觉训练操作者在距离宝宝耳部10~20 cm处轻轻摇动红色小沙锤,引导宝宝产生转头反应。该测试应左右耳交替实施,先从一侧开始,再更换至对侧。整个过程每次持续1~2 min,需注意将沙锤自宝宝后方伸出,以避免因视觉提示引发转头。声音强度不宜过高,若宝宝未能转头,单侧刺激时间不得超过30 s,以防习惯化,应双耳交替进行
视听结合操作者需在距宝宝眼睛20 cm处,面对其面部,用持续亲切的呼唤和丰富的表情配合头部转动,以引导宝宝进行追视,该过程可重复实施
体能篇全身按摩将宝宝平放在床上或台面上,洗净双手,涂抹按摩油。①头面部按摩:操作时,两手拇指由眉弓内侧开始,向外缓慢推按至太阳穴;随后拇指从鼻根部自上向下沿鼻翼两侧轻柔按压。②胸部按摩:以指腹从胸部正中开始,沿内侧向上、再向外侧做环形轻柔按摩,注意避开乳头区域。③腹部按摩:操作者按应沿顺时针方向,以倒“U”字形路径对新生儿腹部进行交替手按摩,需避开膀胱所在区域。④手足部按摩:用拇指沿顺时针方向按揉手心及足心,之后逐一搓动每个手指与足趾,每指(趾)重复4次。按摩时,宝宝须躺卧于安全舒适的台面,环境温度宜保持在26~28 ℃,力度适中。每日进行两次,最佳时段为两次喂奶之间,注意避免喂奶后立即进行
肢体被动活动①上肢活动:操作者以双手轻握宝宝腕部,先引导其双臂平伸,继而完成曲肘动作,随后展开并自然放下双臂。②下肢活动:用双手握住宝宝踝部,依次进行屈曲与伸展动作,双下肢应交替操作,整个过程力度轻柔,并特别注意保护宝宝关节
被动俯卧抬头使宝宝处于俯卧位,双手托扶其腋下,并以手指辅助支撑下颌,缓慢协助宝宝完成抬头动作。随着练习进展,可依据宝宝自主用力情况逐渐减少辅助力度
社交篇看人脸新生儿喜欢看人脸,尤其是面部表情丰富的脸(如微笑)注视要在宝宝安静觉醒状态下进行,每次时间不宜过长,宝宝显出疲劳迹象时停止
模仿动作距离宝宝眼睛20 cm处,引起宝宝注视后,反复做伸舌动作,约2 s1次,连续5次或6次后停止,观察宝宝的反应,同样方法还可做撅嘴动作
安全抚慰怀抱宝宝,紧贴自己心脏,类似宫内姿势,和宝宝说话,用手抚摸宝宝的背部、屁股
), ArticleFig(id=1322931517378396828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

智护训练内容及操作方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目内容操作方法
智能篇视觉训练操作者轻柔托抱宝宝,手持6 cm宽的红色海绵球,在距宝宝眼睛约20 cm的位置,由中间向左右两侧缓慢各转动90°。时间可从每次20 s开始,随着宝宝逐渐适应,延长到1~2 min,每日练习3~5次为宜
听觉训练操作者在距离宝宝耳部10~20 cm处轻轻摇动红色小沙锤,引导宝宝产生转头反应。该测试应左右耳交替实施,先从一侧开始,再更换至对侧。整个过程每次持续1~2 min,需注意将沙锤自宝宝后方伸出,以避免因视觉提示引发转头。声音强度不宜过高,若宝宝未能转头,单侧刺激时间不得超过30 s,以防习惯化,应双耳交替进行
视听结合操作者需在距宝宝眼睛20 cm处,面对其面部,用持续亲切的呼唤和丰富的表情配合头部转动,以引导宝宝进行追视,该过程可重复实施
体能篇全身按摩将宝宝平放在床上或台面上,洗净双手,涂抹按摩油。①头面部按摩:操作时,两手拇指由眉弓内侧开始,向外缓慢推按至太阳穴;随后拇指从鼻根部自上向下沿鼻翼两侧轻柔按压。②胸部按摩:以指腹从胸部正中开始,沿内侧向上、再向外侧做环形轻柔按摩,注意避开乳头区域。③腹部按摩:操作者按应沿顺时针方向,以倒“U”字形路径对新生儿腹部进行交替手按摩,需避开膀胱所在区域。④手足部按摩:用拇指沿顺时针方向按揉手心及足心,之后逐一搓动每个手指与足趾,每指(趾)重复4次。按摩时,宝宝须躺卧于安全舒适的台面,环境温度宜保持在26~28 ℃,力度适中。每日进行两次,最佳时段为两次喂奶之间,注意避免喂奶后立即进行
肢体被动活动①上肢活动:操作者以双手轻握宝宝腕部,先引导其双臂平伸,继而完成曲肘动作,随后展开并自然放下双臂。②下肢活动:用双手握住宝宝踝部,依次进行屈曲与伸展动作,双下肢应交替操作,整个过程力度轻柔,并特别注意保护宝宝关节
被动俯卧抬头使宝宝处于俯卧位,双手托扶其腋下,并以手指辅助支撑下颌,缓慢协助宝宝完成抬头动作。随着练习进展,可依据宝宝自主用力情况逐渐减少辅助力度
社交篇看人脸新生儿喜欢看人脸,尤其是面部表情丰富的脸(如微笑)注视要在宝宝安静觉醒状态下进行,每次时间不宜过长,宝宝显出疲劳迹象时停止
模仿动作距离宝宝眼睛20 cm处,引起宝宝注视后,反复做伸舌动作,约2 s1次,连续5次或6次后停止,观察宝宝的反应,同样方法还可做撅嘴动作
安全抚慰怀抱宝宝,紧贴自己心脏,类似宫内姿势,和宝宝说话,用手抚摸宝宝的背部、屁股
), ArticleFig(id=1322931517466477213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of growth and development indicators between the two groups at different time points(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数体重(kg)头围(cm)身长(cm)
出生时出生6个月出生时出生6个月出生时出生6个月
对照组993.25±0.348.17±0.9634.47±1.3042.98±1.2750.27±1.3068.06±2.61
干预组993.26±0.348.83±1.1334.77±1.2543.80±1.8150.20±1.5269.58±3.31
t值-0.437-4.455-1.687-3.6050.371-3.690
P0.662<0.0010.093<0.0010.711<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322931517537780382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组新生儿不同时间生长发育指标比较(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数体重(kg)头围(cm)身长(cm)
出生时出生6个月出生时出生6个月出生时出生6个月
对照组993.25±0.348.17±0.9634.47±1.3042.98±1.2750.27±1.3068.06±2.61
干预组993.26±0.348.83±1.1334.77±1.2543.80±1.8150.20±1.5269.58±3.31
t值-0.437-4.455-1.687-3.6050.371-3.690
P0.662<0.0010.093<0.0010.711<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322931517596500639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of father involvement in child-rearing,MDI scores, and PDI scores between the two groups at 6 months of age(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数父亲参与婴幼儿教养MDIPDI
对照组99118.08±13.85104.95±9.54104.40±8.94
干预组99123.00±19.30113.05±8.15111.49±8.01
t值-2.268-6.427-5.879
P0.012<0.001<0.001
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两组新生儿6个月后父亲参与教养及新生儿MDI和PDI评分比较(x±s)

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组别人数父亲参与婴幼儿教养MDIPDI
对照组99118.08±13.85104.95±9.54104.40±8.94
干预组99123.00±19.30113.05±8.15111.49±8.01
t值-2.268-6.427-5.879
P0.012<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322931517739106977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931513783878251, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of maternal postpartum depression scores between the two groups(x±s)

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组别人数出院前产后6个月
对照组995.05±1.948.42±2.38
干预组994.99±1.737.53±2.98
t值0.2322.347
P0.4080.010
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两组新生儿母亲产后抑郁评分比较(x±s)

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组别人数出院前产后6个月
对照组995.05±1.948.42±2.38
干预组994.99±1.737.53±2.98
t值0.2322.347
P0.4080.010
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父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式的建立及效果评价
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姜雪 , 周静 *, * , 刘芳 , 梁会妮 , 刘丽霞 , 胡永娜
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(13): 2258-2263
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (13) : 2258 -2263
父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式的建立及效果评价
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姜雪, 周静*, * , 刘芳, 梁会妮, 刘丽霞, 胡永娜
作者信息
  • 1甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),甘肃 730050
通讯作者:
周静,E-mail:
ZHOU Jing, E-mail:
作者简介:

姜雪,主管护师,本科

Development and effectiveness evaluation of a father-participatory, diversified parent-child psychomotor training model
Xue JIANG, Jing ZHOU , Fang LIU, Huini LIANG, Lixia LIU, Yongna HU
Affiliations
  • 1Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital/Gansu Provincial Central Hospital, Gansu 730050 China
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.13.009
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目的

构建父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式并进行效果评价。

方法

选取2024年1月—6月在甘肃省某三级妇幼保健机构出生的198名新生儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将新生儿分为干预组99人和对照组99人,对照组在新生儿娩出后进行常规的智护训练,干预组采用父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式进行管理,并对干预后6个月的婴儿生长发育情况、父亲参与婴儿教养及母亲产后抑郁程度进行评价。

结果

两组新生儿出生时的体重、身长及头围比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预组出生6个月在体格发育指标、智力发展指数、心理运动发展指数均高于对照组(P<0.05),父亲参与婴儿教养得分优于对照组(P<0.05),母亲产后抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。

结论

多元化亲子智护训练模式的应用,可促进婴儿生长发育,提高父亲参与婴幼儿教养的程度,降低母亲产后抑郁程度。

新生儿  /  父亲  /  多元化智护训练  /  生长发育  /  产后抑郁  /  护理
Objective

To develop a father-participatory,diversified parent-child psychomotor training model and evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods

A total of 198 newborns born at a tertiary maternal and child health care hospital in Gansu Province from January to June 2024 were enrolled.They were randomly divided into an intervention group(n=99) and a control group(n=99).The control group received routine psychomotor training after delivery, while the intervention group was managed using the father-participatory diversified parent-child psychomotor training model.Infant growth and development,father involvement in infant rearing,and maternal postpartum depression were assessed at 6 months after intervention.

Results

No significant differences were found between the two groups in birth weight,length,or head circumference(P>0.05).At 6 months of age,the intervention group showed significantly higher physical growth indicators, intellectual development index,and psychomotor development index compared to the control group(P<0.05). Fathers in the intervention group had higher paternal involvement score with infants(P<0.05),and mothers in the intervention group had lower postpartum depression scores(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The diversified parent-child psychomotor training model promotes infant growth and development,increases father involvement in infant rearing,and reduces maternal postpartum depression.

newborn  /  father  /  diversified psychomotor training  /  growth and development  /  postpartum depression  /  nursing
姜雪, 周静, 刘芳, 梁会妮, 刘丽霞, 胡永娜. 父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练模式的建立及效果评价. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (13) : 2258 -2263 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.13.009
Xue JIANG, Jing ZHOU, Fang LIU, Huini LIANG, Lixia LIU, Yongna HU. Development and effectiveness evaluation of a father-participatory, diversified parent-child psychomotor training model[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (13) : 2258 -2263 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.13.009
近年来,随着我国经济文化持续快速发展,父母对婴幼儿养育不再局限于营养喂养和生活照护,促进生理、心理和社会能力的全面发展成为当前家长的普遍期待[1]。智护训练是以婴幼儿生长发育规律为基础进行的科学、有技巧的智能、体格、情感和社会交往能力的训练活动[2],是一种新形式的亲子互动教育方式。联合国儿童基金会在儿童早期发展系列专刊中也提到早期的亲子互动训练,是提高大脑发育以及终身学习的关键[3]。智护训练强调亲子互动,包括父亲和母亲,父母建立并维持良好的协同教养关系,有助于婴幼儿形成安全依恋,提高婴幼儿安全感,建立良好的人际信任关系[4-6],在成长过程中会表现出较多的亲社会行为[7]。王莉娟等[8]的研究也显示,以家庭为中心的赋权照护方案能够提升早产儿父母的照护能力,促进早产儿生长发育,并降低其再入院率。但在中国受“男主外、女主内”传统思想的影响,虽然父母都认同应该由父母双方共同教养子女,但是实际表现与认知存在很大差异,父亲在参与子女生活照料、亲子陪伴、教育指导等方面普遍低于母亲;古东昕[9]的研究结果显示在亲子互动中存在父亲与孩子互动时间不足、参与程度低等问题;邓业芹[10]研究也证实智护训练的主力军多为母亲。本研究旨在建立以父亲参与为核心的亲子智护训练模式,并发展出有利于婴幼儿生长发育的夫妻共同参与教养的婴幼儿护理模式。
使用便利抽样法,选取甘肃省妇幼保健院2024 年1月—6月出生的198名新生儿为研究对象。纳入标准:孕周37~42周;父母年龄均超过18岁;新生儿体重在2 000 g以上、Apgar评分8分以上的健康新生儿;单胎妊娠者;父母能正常用普通话阅读和交流;常住地为兰州市;父母未两地分居;父母知情同意并自愿配合。排除标准:新生儿住院期间需特殊治疗;分娩过程中有窒息史、出生Apgar评分<6分的新生儿;糖代谢紊乱、先天性心脏病的新生儿;正在参加其他研究的新生儿。采用随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各99人,两组新生儿基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究已获得甘肃省妇幼保健院伦理委员会批准[审批号:(2024)GSFY伦理(44)]。
每个智护训练管理小组由工作10年及以上的主管护师1人、护师1人、母婴护士2人及信息管理员1人组成,所有人员均经过智护训练规范化培训并取得母婴保健资格证,主管护师负责智护训练方案制定和质量控制;护师负责制定研究方案和应急预案,统筹安排;母婴护士负责父亲参与式多元化亲子智护训练的实施;信息管理员负责发放和回收问卷、整理资料。
1)智护训练。智护训练是一种专为婴幼儿设计的早期训练方法,由中国优生优育协会参与、协和医科大学鲍秀兰教授编制。该训练通过感知刺激、语言熏陶、情感交流、触觉活动及运动能力训练等多种方式,旨在全面提升婴幼儿早期智能、体格、情感和社会交往能力[11-12]。此外,结合2022年国家卫生健康委出台的《3岁以下婴幼儿健康养育照护指南(试行)》[13]和《中国妇女发展纲要和中国儿童发展纲要》[14]中的“普及儿童早期发展的知识,方法和技能”要求,确定智护训练的内容为视听觉训练、视听结合、全身按摩、肢体被动活动、被动俯卧抬头、看人脸及模仿。2)通过文献检索构建父亲参与式亲子智护训练模式(内容)。通过PubMed、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库等进行文献检索,中文检索词为:“智护训练”“早期教育”“亲子关系”“父亲参与”,英文检索词为“father involvement”“father-child relationship”“parent-child interaction therapy with toddlers”,检索年限为建库至2024年12月31日。纳入相关文献[15-23],基于智护训练三大方面9个干预项目,研究小组通过整理文献、讨论、修改,提炼出基于发育适宜性的婴幼儿智护训练内容及操作方法,具体见表1。
以《基于发育适宜性的婴幼儿亲子游戏导则专家共识》为依托,在常规护理的基础上,制定“强化父亲参与支持智护训练”多元化干预策略。1)产前教育课程:产妇入院分娩前,配偶共同参加产前多媒体集中教育课程,并发放以父亲为主导、解决实际问题为目的的指导资料“奶爸智护训练攻略”,授课过程中采用情景案例和活动教学法,激发父亲们在智护训练中的角色意识和技能学习欲望。2)视频教学+婴儿模型训练同步教育:新生儿娩出24 h内,由责任护士和母婴护士共同教学,组织父亲观看智护训练真人标准版实操视频,并讲解智护训练的难点及注意事项。视频教学后,鼓励父亲进行婴儿模拟训练,并一对一进行技术指导,现场解答疑问模糊点。3)床旁智护训练示范+亲子实操:新生儿出生第2天,产妇体能恢复,母婴护士在新生儿喂养1 h后,安静觉醒的状态下,产妇及丈夫实施面对面和一对一的智护训练技能指导,鼓励夫妻共同参与,护士先进行1次智护训练演示,随后请新生儿父亲在新生儿身上开展智护训练活动,同时全程保持严密观察,并对按摩手势、力度掌控、俯卧抬头部分的翻身动作等重点与难点实施手把手指导。4)同伴教育沙龙:在新生儿父亲进行智护训练亲子实操后,护士组织一次同伴教育沙龙活动,对新爸爸在智护训练亲子实操中的表现给予肯定和表扬,提高新爸爸的荣誉感和参与感。之后请在亲子实操过程中技能熟练、依从性高的婴儿家长担任同伴教育者,讲述智护训练益处感悟,分享婴儿健康成长喜悦,提供智护训练开展障碍问题的实用性解决方案。5)出院前“回授法”巩固:回顾新生儿父亲在智护训练中掌握的知识技能体系,护士评估核心要点掌握程度,指出智护训练环节中家长理解错误、含糊不清的知识点和技能,重新指导新生儿家长,直至完全掌握。6)出院后随访:出院时,由责任护士和母婴护士组织建立微信群,邀请新生儿父母共同加入,由1名护师和2名母婴护士轮流担任组长,自微信群建立联系开始,每天发送智护训练技能要点、父亲参与和支持行为小贴士,每周进行1次玩游戏学知识活动,组长负责引导群成员交流和答疑解惑,鼓励大家分享亲子智护训练成功经验、引导夫妻间相互理解支持。定期对新生儿父母亲进行电话随访,随访内容为对智护训练的疑问或困难、需要得到哪些帮助、对母亲随访时询问其丈夫参与情况;对丈夫随访时予以表扬、给予温馨提示并继续鼓励父亲参与智护训练。
对照组和干预组的干预内容一致,但不强调父母双方的职责分工,对照组干预方式区别于干预组,具体为:在入院后进行一次性干预,新生儿娩出后进行常规的智护训练口头宣教和1次床旁示范教学,出院宣教时告知新生儿家长每日行智护训练1次,并发放指导手册,定期随访。
本研究所有团队成员均需接受智护训练技术要点的集中培训,以确保该项训练的标准性与规范性;指导用语采用统一标准,从而实现护理干预的同质化实施。研究对象严格依据纳入与排除标准进行筛选。在院内干预期间,为杜绝干预组与对照组之间发生相互沾染,两组分别安排于不同时间及不同地点接受干预,并使用相互独立的网络平台进行信息传递。为降低样本失访及退出率,并为确保父亲执行智护训练的频次与质量,本研究设置1名固定信息管理员,负责对所有研究对象实施定期跟踪随访。
比较两组婴儿出生时及出生后6个月的体重、身长及头围。身长及头围选用无弹性软尺测量。
采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表(第3版)(BSID-Ⅲ)对婴幼儿智力和运动发育进行评估,结果分别用智力发展指数(MDI)和心理运动发展指数(PDI)表示,分值越高,说明婴幼儿发育越好[24-25]。
使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale,EPDS)对产后6个月时的产妇进行评估。EPDS共10个条目,每个条目计分0~3分,总分 30分。总分≥13分,可诊断为产后抑郁,总得分越高即抑郁症状越严重。该量表Cronbach's α系数为0.83,内容效度为0.91[26-27]。
采用Singley等[28]编制、尹晓辉等[29]汉化的父亲参与婴儿教养量表(the Paternal Involvement With Infants Scale,PIWIS)对父亲参与婴幼儿教养情况进行测量,量表包括5个维度、33个条目,采用7级计分,1分为“从不”,7分为“每天大于1次”,其中沮丧维度为反向计分,分值越高表明参与程度越高。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.940。
所有研究数据均采用两人独立录入,并运用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验。检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,两组新生儿出生时的生长发育指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在6月龄时,干预组的各项指标均高于对照组(P<0.05),见表2。
结果显示,干预组父亲在出院后参与婴幼儿教养得分高于对照组(P<0.05);在父亲参与式智护训练模式的干预下,出生6个月干预组新生儿MDI和PDI明显优于对照组(P<0.05),见表3。
结果显示,产后6个月,两组新生儿母亲产后抑郁得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。
智护训练的活动场所为家庭,父母是主要的执行人。有研究发现,高质量的父亲参与可提升婴幼儿社会-情绪能力,提高婴幼儿与父亲的安全依恋[30]。智护训练的核心是早期刺激,温和、良好、持续的刺激通过皮肤的感受传入大脑,可刺激婴幼儿大脑新增上百万神经元连接[31]。曹燕等[32-33]对新生儿进行智护训练,提高了其行为神经发育水平。相关研究显示,智护训练可提高婴幼儿体格、运动、智力能力发育[34-36],与本研究结果基本一致。但在研究的模式构建阶段,由于智护训练受众面窄、技术要求高,一部分父亲出现焦虑、学习态度消极等现象,建议今后开展更多的智护训练实践研究,提高其对早期智护训练重要性认识,推广积极的智护训练技能培训。
产后抑郁是产妇常见的心理健康问题,是一种与分娩有关的情绪障碍,患病率因国家而异,缺乏情感或社会支持、婚姻困难、家庭暴力、婴儿健康状况等是构成产后抑郁的高风险因素[37-39]。母亲不良的心理健康和抑郁会降低识别和适当回应孩子需求的能力,并影响母亲表达温暖、关爱和快乐的方式,受孕期间,父亲高度参与使母亲产前抑郁水平较低[40],产后参与度低会增加产后抑郁症的风险[41],因此,通过增加父亲的参与可改善孕产妇的心理健康,降低产后抑郁发生率,间接影响孩子的发育结果。本研究结果显示,干预组产后6个月母亲抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05),表明通过使用父亲参与式智护训练的干预模式,重视父亲参与围生期保健方面的重要作用,会对母亲和婴儿的健康产生积极影响,可促进婴幼儿生长发育,降低母亲产后抑郁发病率。
育儿技能缺乏是父亲较少参与教养的原因之一,多元化培训方式旨在提高新生儿父母的育儿知识、态度、实践和技能,契合了《3岁以下婴幼儿健康养育照护指南》中“加强婴幼儿养育照护指导,强化医疗机构通过养育风险筛查与咨询指导、父母课堂、亲子活动、随访等形式,提高婴幼儿健康养育照护能力和水平”的要求。本研究结果显示,多元化的智护训练方式改善了婴幼儿父亲的照护能力,提高了父亲参与婴幼儿教养程度。通过充分发挥网络优势,多元化智护训练培训方式可利用线上资源分享,提供丰富的信息支持、专业的技术指导、持续干预、定期提醒及随访,从而使智护训练从医院延伸至家庭,进一步提高训练的依从性。
我国现阶段基于家庭实施的亲子游戏存在游戏或材料选择不适宜的现状,智护训练是一种成本低、灵活性高、实用性强的可以满足亲子情感交流需求的婴幼儿护理技巧,而且多元化的亲子互动模式实施院内联合院外延续性护理干预,可提高父母的照护能力,改善婴幼儿生长发育结局。但本研究仍存在一定局限性,主要体现在样本规模相对较小、随访周期不足,导致难以充分评估父亲参与婴幼儿教养所带来的长期发展影响。为进一步完善研究体系,未来可推动多学科协同合作,延长随访时间,尤其关注父亲参与行为对儿童成长的中远期效果。此外,父亲参与教养的程度与方式往往受到社会意识形态及个体心理状态的双重影响。因此,在探讨相关影响因素时,应系统引入性别角色意识、焦虑与抑郁等心理变量,从而更深入地解析父亲在教养过程中的具体角色定位与行为模式,为构建更全面的父亲参与理论提供实证依据。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.13.009
  • 接收时间:2025-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-14
  • 修回日期:2026-05-18
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    1甘肃省妇幼保健院(甘肃省中心医院),甘肃 730050

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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