Article(id=1322929713391477441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758470400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-22, revisedDate=1781107200000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340622518, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340622518, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340622518, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340622518, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929547464815391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='14', pageStart='2385', pageEnd='2576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340582958, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343111003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2414, endPage=2422, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929713617969858, articleId=1322929713391477441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Symptom cluster trajectories during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their association with postoperative recovery outcomes in rectal cancer patients, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the trajectories of symptom clusters in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to analyze their correlation with postoperative recovery indicators.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 120 rectal cancer patients admitted to a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai city from April to December 2024 as study subjects.Patient symptom burden was assessed at five time points,namely before neoadjuvant chemotherapy(T1),after the first chemotherapy cycle(T2),after the second chemotherapy cycle(T3),after the third chemotherapy cycle(T4),and 3-5 days before surgery(T5).Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract symptom clusters.Latent class growth modeling(LCGM) was used to identify the trajectory classes of the symptom clusters.Postoperative recovery indicators,including body weight,diet type,wound healing status,bowel function,and complication severity,were compared among different trajectory classes of symptom clusters.

Results

There three stable symptom clusters were consistently identified across the five time points in rectal cancer patients,namely a core neurotoxicity symptom cluster,a gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster,and a psychological stress symptom cluster.The cumulative variance contribution rate ranged from 66.71% to 80.60%.Patient symptom burden increased at T3 and peaked at T4.LCGM identified three trajectory classes for the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster,two for the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster,and two for the psychological stress symptom cluster.Statistically significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,diet type,bowel function,and complication severity among different trajectory classes of the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster.Significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,bowel function,and complication severity among different trajectory classes of the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster.Significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,diet type,and wound healing status among different trajectory classes of the psychological stress symptom cluster.

Conclusions

Symptom clusters in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy show a progressively worsening trend with group heterogeneity.The trajectory classes of each symptom cluster have a certain impact on patients' postoperative recovery indicators.

, authors=Wenyue GUO1, 2, Jue LUO1, 2, Wen ZHANG1, 2, Xiaoju ZHANG1, 2, authorsList=Wenyue GUO, Jue LUO, Wen ZHANG, Xiaoju ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoju ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929714490385097, articleId=1322929713391477441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间的症状群轨迹及其与术后康复指标的相关性研究, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间症状群轨迹,并分析其与病人术后康复指标的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样法,于2024年4月—12月选取上海市某三级甲等医院收治的120例直肠癌病人作为研究对象。于新辅助化疗开始前(T1)、第1个化疗周期结束后(T2)、第2个化疗周期结束后(T3)、第3个化疗周期结束后(T4)、术前3~5 d(T5)对病人症状负担进行评估。采用探索性因子分析法提取症状群,通过潜类别增长模型(LCGM)识别症状群的轨迹类别,并比较直肠癌病人不同症状群轨迹类别的术后体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况、排便功能、并发症严重程度情况。

结果

直肠癌病人5个时间点均稳定存在3类症状群,分别为神经毒性核心症状群、胃肠道反应症状群及心理应激症状群,累计方差贡献率为66.71%~80.60%,病人在T3时症状负担升高,T4时达峰值。LCGM识别出病人神经毒性核心症状群有3个轨迹类别,胃肠道反应症状群有2个轨迹类别,心理应激症状群有2个轨迹类别。病人神经毒性核心症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);胃肠道反应症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);心理应激症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。

结论

直肠癌新辅助化疗病人症状群呈进行性加重趋势且存在群体异质性,各症状群的轨迹类别对病人的术后康复指标具有一定影响。

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郭文悦,护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
张晓菊,E-mail:
ZHANG Xiaoju, E-mail:
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language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2复旦大学上海医学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322929718458196722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Heterogeneous trajectory classes of the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster, figureFileSmall=1RFBPLaIl0GlUgDW1XMe7w==, figureFileBig=NBqxeoYZxHhg01OzDRBEkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929718546277107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=图1, caption=神经毒性核心症状群异质性轨迹类别, figureFileSmall=1RFBPLaIl0GlUgDW1XMe7w==, figureFileBig=NBqxeoYZxHhg01OzDRBEkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929718739215092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Heterogeneous trajectory classes of the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster, figureFileSmall=voXa6WzP97S+SZgpivreEw==, figureFileBig=xunss6shLZsRRtRFe9hm3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929718810518261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=图2, caption=胃肠道反应症状群异质性轨迹类别, figureFileSmall=voXa6WzP97S+SZgpivreEw==, figureFileBig=xunss6shLZsRRtRFe9hm3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929718902792950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Heterogeneous trajectory classes of the psychological stress symptom cluster, figureFileSmall=rCV1lDTrgMP2rsS7hQ07JA==, figureFileBig=FN8db4b1a6+78hhgMwyJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929718999261943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=图3, caption=心理应激症状群异质性轨迹类别, figureFileSmall=rCV1lDTrgMP2rsS7hQ07JA==, figureFileBig=FN8db4b1a6+78hhgMwyJ7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929719083148024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General Information of rectal cancer patients(n=120)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数百分比(%)项目分类例数百分比(%)
性别男8671.67家庭人均月收入≤2 000元3226.67
女3428.33>2 000~5 000元3630.00
年龄18~<50岁2621.67>5 000~10 000元3226.67
50~<60岁3226.67>10 000元2016.67
60~<70岁4436.67医疗支付方式新型农村合作医疗保险5041.67
≥70岁1815.00城镇居民医疗保险7058.33
教育程度小学及以下4235.00吸烟史有8671.67
初中或高中4840.00无3428.33
专科及以上3025.00饮酒史有8873.33
婚姻状况已婚11091.67无3226.67
离婚/丧偶108.33共病有(高血压/糖尿病)4235.00
职业退休5949.17无7865.00
在职4335.83影像分期T37663.33
无业1815.00T44436.67
宗教信仰无11293.33
有86.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322929719162839801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

直肠癌病人一般资料(n=120)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数百分比(%)项目分类例数百分比(%)
性别男8671.67家庭人均月收入≤2 000元3226.67
女3428.33>2 000~5 000元3630.00
年龄18~<50岁2621.67>5 000~10 000元3226.67
50~<60岁3226.67>10 000元2016.67
60~<70岁4436.67医疗支付方式新型农村合作医疗保险5041.67
≥70岁1815.00城镇居民医疗保险7058.33
教育程度小学及以下4235.00吸烟史有8671.67
初中或高中4840.00无3428.33
专科及以上3025.00饮酒史有8873.33
婚姻状况已婚11091.67无3226.67
离婚/丧偶108.33共病有(高血压/糖尿病)4235.00
职业退休5949.17无7865.00
在职4335.83影像分期T37663.33
无业1815.00T44436.67
宗教信仰无11293.33
有86.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322929720857338618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factor loadings of symptoms in rectal cancer patients at different time points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群T1T2T3T4T5
症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷
神经毒性核心症状群麻木感0.847麻木感0.824麻木感0.782麻木感0.775麻木感0.796
口干0.607口干0.654口干0.746口干0.754口干0.782
味觉改变0.764味觉改变0.736味觉改变0.668味觉改变0.807味觉改变0.814
吞咽困难0.748吞咽困难0.689吞咽困难0.672吞咽困难0.771吞咽困难0.813
健忘0.812健忘0.835健忘0.755健忘0.836健忘0.814
瞌睡0.886瞌睡0.840瞌睡0.800瞌睡0.809瞌睡0.771
便秘0.754气促0.772恶心0.610
胃肠道反应症状群呕吐0.787呕吐0.975呕吐0.810呕吐0.839呕吐0.846
胃口差0.587胃口差0.973胃口差0.697胃口差0.795胃口差0.814
腹胀0.731腹胀0.975腹胀0.661腹胀0.769腹胀0.773
腹泻0.740腹泻0.975腹泻0.687腹泻0.821腹泻0.824
恶心0.788恶心0.973便秘0.629恶心0.851恶心0.867
便秘0.970便秘0.787便秘0.789
心理应激症状群悲伤感0.971悲伤感0.753悲伤感0.601悲伤感0.792悲伤感0.864
疼痛0.972疼痛0.753疼痛0.595疼痛0.749疼痛0.834
睡眠不安0.972睡眠不安0.602睡眠不安0.611睡眠不安0.758睡眠不安0.780
疲乏0.970疲乏0.727疲乏0.683疲乏0.817疲乏0.798
苦恼0.974苦恼0.722苦恼0.662苦恼0.791苦恼0.774
气促0.966气促0.673气促0.822气促0.771
), ArticleFig(id=1322929720945419003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

直肠癌病人不同时间点症状的因子载荷

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群T1T2T3T4T5
症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷症状因子载荷
神经毒性核心症状群麻木感0.847麻木感0.824麻木感0.782麻木感0.775麻木感0.796
口干0.607口干0.654口干0.746口干0.754口干0.782
味觉改变0.764味觉改变0.736味觉改变0.668味觉改变0.807味觉改变0.814
吞咽困难0.748吞咽困难0.689吞咽困难0.672吞咽困难0.771吞咽困难0.813
健忘0.812健忘0.835健忘0.755健忘0.836健忘0.814
瞌睡0.886瞌睡0.840瞌睡0.800瞌睡0.809瞌睡0.771
便秘0.754气促0.772恶心0.610
胃肠道反应症状群呕吐0.787呕吐0.975呕吐0.810呕吐0.839呕吐0.846
胃口差0.587胃口差0.973胃口差0.697胃口差0.795胃口差0.814
腹胀0.731腹胀0.975腹胀0.661腹胀0.769腹胀0.773
腹泻0.740腹泻0.975腹泻0.687腹泻0.821腹泻0.824
恶心0.788恶心0.973便秘0.629恶心0.851恶心0.867
便秘0.970便秘0.787便秘0.789
心理应激症状群悲伤感0.971悲伤感0.753悲伤感0.601悲伤感0.792悲伤感0.864
疼痛0.972疼痛0.753疼痛0.595疼痛0.749疼痛0.834
睡眠不安0.972睡眠不安0.602睡眠不安0.611睡眠不安0.758睡眠不安0.780
疲乏0.970疲乏0.727疲乏0.683疲乏0.817疲乏0.798
苦恼0.974苦恼0.722苦恼0.662苦恼0.791苦恼0.774
气促0.966气促0.673气促0.822气促0.771
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721041887996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Symptom cluster burden scores of symptoms in rectal cancer patients at different time points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群例数T1T2T3T4T5M值P
神经毒性核心症状群1200.57(0.00,1.68)0.00(0.00,2.21)2.00(0.61,3.14)4.58(2.83,5.83)4.08(2.17,5.00)178.83<0.001
胃肠道反应症状群1200.80(0.00,2.60)0.00(0.00,4.00)2.00(0.80,2.80)4.83(3.21,5.83)3.83(2.21,4.83)154.78<0.001
心理应激症状群1200.00(0.00,2.00)0.90(0.00,3.00)2.50(1.17,3.67)5.08(3.17,6.00)3.58(1.83,4.83)123.54<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721125774077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

直肠癌病人不同时间点症状群负担得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群例数T1T2T3T4T5M值P
神经毒性核心症状群1200.57(0.00,1.68)0.00(0.00,2.21)2.00(0.61,3.14)4.58(2.83,5.83)4.08(2.17,5.00)178.83<0.001
胃肠道反应症状群1200.80(0.00,2.60)0.00(0.00,4.00)2.00(0.80,2.80)4.83(3.21,5.83)3.83(2.21,4.83)154.78<0.001
心理应激症状群1200.00(0.00,2.00)0.90(0.00,3.00)2.50(1.17,3.67)5.08(3.17,6.00)3.58(1.83,4.83)123.54<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721218048766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fit indices for trajectory classes of the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
12 350.552 384.002 346.06100.0
22 269.402 311.222 263.790.96<0.01<0.0179.9/20.1
32 229.752 279.932 223.020.980.02<0.0113.3/10.0/76.7
42 223.172 281.712 215.310.980.10<0.012.5/12.2/10.0/75.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721301934847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

直肠癌病人神经毒性核心症状群轨迹类别拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
12 350.552 384.002 346.06100.0
22 269.402 311.222 263.790.96<0.01<0.0179.9/20.1
32 229.752 279.932 223.020.980.02<0.0113.3/10.0/76.7
42 223.172 281.712 215.310.980.10<0.012.5/12.2/10.0/75.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721390015232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fit indices for trajectory classes of the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
11 716.661 758.481 711.05100.0
21 608.681 658.861 601.950.96<0.01<0.0157.5/42.5
31 560.291 618.831 552.441.000.310.326.6/0.1/93.3
41 455.301 522.201 446.320.960.300.306.6/0.1/71.6/21.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721457124097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

直肠癌病人胃肠道反应症状群轨迹类别拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
11 716.661 758.481 711.05100.0
21 608.681 658.861 601.950.96<0.01<0.0157.5/42.5
31 560.291 618.831 552.441.000.310.326.6/0.1/93.3
41 455.301 522.201 446.320.960.300.306.6/0.1/71.6/21.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721545204482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Fit indices for trajectory classes of the psychological stress symptom cluster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
12 382.422 418.652 377.56100.0
22 238.522 283.122 232.540.99<0.01<0.0122.5/77.5
32 226.852 279.812 219.740.820.650.6722.2/32.0/45.8
42 170.572 231.892 162.340.950.550.5612.7/61.3/16.2/9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721612313347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

直肠癌病人心理应激症状群轨迹类别拟合结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
12 382.422 418.652 377.56100.0
22 238.522 283.122 232.540.99<0.01<0.0122.5/77.5
32 226.852 279.812 219.740.820.650.6722.2/32.0/45.8
42 170.572 231.892 162.340.950.550.5612.7/61.3/16.2/9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721700393732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Postoperative recovery indicators of rectal cancer patients(n=120)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
体重有下降4840.00伤口恢复情况延迟愈合32.50
无下降7260.00切口感染1613.34
饮食类型软食3327.50瘢痕异常增生10.83
普食8772.50正常10083.33
排便功能轻度8167.50并发症严重程度Ⅰ级10385.83
重度3932.50Ⅱ级1714.17
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721780085509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

直肠癌病人术后康复指标(n=120)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
体重有下降4840.00伤口恢复情况延迟愈合32.50
无下降7260.00切口感染1613.34
饮食类型软食3327.50瘢痕异常增生10.83
普食8772.50正常10083.33
排便功能轻度8167.50并发症严重程度Ⅰ级10385.83
重度3932.50Ⅱ级1714.17
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721851388678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of postoperative recovery indicators among different trajectory classes of the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P<0.0010.0070.419<0.001<0.001
高上升组161429714011511106
下降趋势组128457110106684
低上升组92266619731111797022857
), ArticleFig(id=1322929721926886151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

神经毒性核心症状群不同轨迹类别的术后康复指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P<0.0010.0070.419<0.001<0.001
高上升组161429714011511106
下降趋势组128457110106684
低上升组92266619731111797022857
), ArticleFig(id=1322929722006577928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Comparison of postoperative recovery indicators among different trajectory classes of the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P<0.0010.9920.341<0.0010.020
高症状组693831195021215436335415
低症状组511041143714046456492
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胃肠道反应症状群不同轨迹类别的术后康复指标比较

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组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P<0.0010.9920.341<0.0010.020
高症状组693831195021215436335415
低症状组511041143714046456492
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Comparison of postoperative recovery indicators among different trajectory classes of the psychological stress symptom cluster

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组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P0.020<0.001<0.0010.2300.370
高症状组271891512291151611225
低症状组93306318751708565288112
), ArticleFig(id=1322929722245653259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929713391477441, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

心理应激症状群不同轨迹类别的术后康复指标比较

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组别例数体重饮食类型伤口恢复情况排便功能并发症严重程度
有下降无下降软食普食延迟愈合切口感染瘢痕异常增生正常轻度重度Ⅰ级Ⅱ级
P0.020<0.001<0.0010.2300.370
高症状组271891512291151611225
低症状组93306318751708565288112
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直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间的症状群轨迹及其与术后康复指标的相关性研究
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郭文悦 1, 2 , 罗珏 1, 2 , 张雯 1, 2 , 张晓菊 1, 2, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(14): 2414-2422
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (14) : 2414 -2422
直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间的症状群轨迹及其与术后康复指标的相关性研究
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郭文悦1, 2, 罗珏1, 2, 张雯1, 2, 张晓菊1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学附属肿瘤医院,上海 200032
  • 2复旦大学上海医学院
通讯作者:
张晓菊,E-mail:
ZHANG Xiaoju, E-mail:
作者简介:

郭文悦,护师,硕士研究生

Symptom cluster trajectories during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their association with postoperative recovery outcomes in rectal cancer patients
Wenyue GUO1, 2, Jue LUO1, 2, Wen ZHANG1, 2, Xiaoju ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032 China
  • 2Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004
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目的

探讨直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间症状群轨迹,并分析其与病人术后康复指标的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样法,于2024年4月—12月选取上海市某三级甲等医院收治的120例直肠癌病人作为研究对象。于新辅助化疗开始前(T1)、第1个化疗周期结束后(T2)、第2个化疗周期结束后(T3)、第3个化疗周期结束后(T4)、术前3~5 d(T5)对病人症状负担进行评估。采用探索性因子分析法提取症状群,通过潜类别增长模型(LCGM)识别症状群的轨迹类别,并比较直肠癌病人不同症状群轨迹类别的术后体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况、排便功能、并发症严重程度情况。

结果

直肠癌病人5个时间点均稳定存在3类症状群,分别为神经毒性核心症状群、胃肠道反应症状群及心理应激症状群,累计方差贡献率为66.71%~80.60%,病人在T3时症状负担升高,T4时达峰值。LCGM识别出病人神经毒性核心症状群有3个轨迹类别,胃肠道反应症状群有2个轨迹类别,心理应激症状群有2个轨迹类别。病人神经毒性核心症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);胃肠道反应症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);心理应激症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。

结论

直肠癌新辅助化疗病人症状群呈进行性加重趋势且存在群体异质性,各症状群的轨迹类别对病人的术后康复指标具有一定影响。

直肠癌  /  新辅助化疗  /  症状群  /  潜类别增长模型  /  术后康复
Objective

To investigate the trajectories of symptom clusters in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and to analyze their correlation with postoperative recovery indicators.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 120 rectal cancer patients admitted to a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai city from April to December 2024 as study subjects.Patient symptom burden was assessed at five time points,namely before neoadjuvant chemotherapy(T1),after the first chemotherapy cycle(T2),after the second chemotherapy cycle(T3),after the third chemotherapy cycle(T4),and 3-5 days before surgery(T5).Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract symptom clusters.Latent class growth modeling(LCGM) was used to identify the trajectory classes of the symptom clusters.Postoperative recovery indicators,including body weight,diet type,wound healing status,bowel function,and complication severity,were compared among different trajectory classes of symptom clusters.

Results

There three stable symptom clusters were consistently identified across the five time points in rectal cancer patients,namely a core neurotoxicity symptom cluster,a gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster,and a psychological stress symptom cluster.The cumulative variance contribution rate ranged from 66.71% to 80.60%.Patient symptom burden increased at T3 and peaked at T4.LCGM identified three trajectory classes for the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster,two for the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster,and two for the psychological stress symptom cluster.Statistically significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,diet type,bowel function,and complication severity among different trajectory classes of the core neurotoxicity symptom cluster.Significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,bowel function,and complication severity among different trajectory classes of the gastrointestinal reaction symptom cluster.Significant differences(all P<0.05) were found in body weight,diet type,and wound healing status among different trajectory classes of the psychological stress symptom cluster.

Conclusions

Symptom clusters in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy show a progressively worsening trend with group heterogeneity.The trajectory classes of each symptom cluster have a certain impact on patients' postoperative recovery indicators.

rectal cancer  /  neoadjuvant chemotherapy  /  symptom clusters  /  latent class growth model  /  postoperative recovery
郭文悦, 罗珏, 张雯, 张晓菊. 直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间的症状群轨迹及其与术后康复指标的相关性研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2414 -2422 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004
Wenyue GUO, Jue LUO, Wen ZHANG, Xiaoju ZHANG. Symptom cluster trajectories during neoadjuvant chemotherapy and their association with postoperative recovery outcomes in rectal cancer patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2414 -2422 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004
国家癌症中心发布的2022年全国癌症统计数据显示,结直肠癌发病率居我国癌症发病谱第2位,新发病例数为51.71万例,其中直肠癌病人约占一半[1]。新辅助化疗即病人术前接受的系统性化疗(如卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂方案及亚叶酸钙、5-氟尿嘧啶联合奥沙利铂方案等),是直肠癌综合治疗的关键环节之一,可有效缩小肿瘤体积,降低临床分期,提高手术切除成功率与保肛可能性,且有利于清除潜在的微小转移灶[2-3]。该阶段治疗对病人的长期预后具有重要影响。然而,新辅助化疗带来的恶心、呕吐以及周围神经毒性等副作用也会严重影响病人的生活质量及后续康复进程[4-6]。深入理解新辅助化疗期间病人症状负担的动态变化规律及其与术后恢复结局的相关性,是优化全程管理、实施精准护理干预的重要基础。本研究通过系统描述新辅助化疗阶段病人症状负担的动态变化轨迹,并进一步分析不同症状负担轨迹特征对病人术后关键康复指标的影响差异,以期为临床实施动态、个性化的症状管理及康复支持策略提供循证依据。
采用便利抽样法,于2024年4月—12月选取上海市某三级甲等医院收治的直肠癌病人作为研究对象。纳入标准:1)年龄≥18岁;2)病理检查明确诊断为直肠癌;3)意识清楚,认知能力正常;4)接受卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂方案新辅助化疗;5)拟在接受3个周期的卡培他滨联合奥沙利铂化疗方案后行择期直肠前切除术;6)知晓病情;7)同意参加本研究。排除标准:1)存在其他正在治疗期的肿瘤;2)合并心脑血管、呼吸系统或肝肾功能不全等影响手术耐受性或术后恢复的基础疾病;3)存在未控制的糖尿病、高血压;4)因肠梗阻、穿孔等原因行急诊手术;5)直肠癌术后复发或需要二次手术。剔除标准:1)因自身原因自愿退出;2)新辅助化疗期(化疗启动至化疗3个周期结束后1周)内未完成动态评估。本研究旨在观察症状负担随时间变化的轨迹,为单组重复测量设计,样本量估算参照重复测量方差分析模型:N=(Z1-a/2+Z1-β)2σ21+k-1ρ/k×δ2[7],设定α=0.05(双侧),β=0.20(检验效能80%),测量值标准差σ=3.5,依据高菲[8]的研究,接受新辅助化疗的结肠癌病人症状评分标准差范围为1.02~3.48分,本研究取该范围上限附近值以进行保守估计;个体内相关系数ρ=0.4,Wu等[9]研究显示,结直肠癌病人化疗期间症状呈波动性轨迹,表明不同时点评分相关性处于中等偏低水平;最小临床重要差异δ=0.75,依据Yost等[10]提出的原则(δ值通常为σ的0.2~0.5倍),为更敏感识别早期变化,取该范围内的保守下限值;测量次数k=5。将参数代入公式计算,最终得出初始样本量为89例。考虑15%~20%的失访率,最终计划纳入病人105~112例。本研究已获得复旦大学附属肿瘤医院伦理委员会审核批准(伦理编号:2312287-25),所有病人均已签署知情同意书。
采用自行设计的一般资料调查表进行调查,内容包括性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、职业、宗教信仰、家庭人均月收入、医疗支付方式、吸烟史、饮酒史、共病情况、影像分期(MRI)。
采用中文版MD安德森症状评估量表胃肠道肿瘤模块(MDASI-GI-C)评估。MD安德森症状评估量表胃肠道肿瘤模块(MDASI-GI)由美国MD安德森癌症中心编制,量表涵盖13个核心症状条目(疼痛、疲乏、恶心、睡眠不安、苦恼、气促、健忘、胃口差、瞌睡、口干、悲伤感、呕吐、麻木感)和5个胃肠道特异性症状条目(便秘、腹泻、吞咽困难、味觉改变、腹胀),量表采用0~10级评分法,0分表示“无症状”,10分表示“可设想范围内症状最严重的程度”,评分越高代表症状越严重。陈仁旺[11]对MDASI-GI-C进行信效度检验,其Cronbach's α系数为0.842。
采用门诊经定期校准合格的机械秤于病人餐后2 h进行测量,测量前病人需脱鞋,穿着轻便衣物,排空膀胱;测量时双脚平稳站立于秤中央,保持直立姿势,待数值稳定后记录。重复测量2次取均值以降低误差。
依据欧洲营养与代谢学会指南,采用24 h膳食回顾法,记录病人前1 d摄入的食物种类以及性状[12]。
参照美国结直肠外科医生学会(ASCRS)指南,将伤口状态分为4类,分别为正常(术后30 d内伤口闭合良好,无异常渗液、感染或瘢痕增生)、延迟愈合(术后30 d未完全闭合或每日渗液量>1 mL)、伤口感染(红肿直径>2 cm伴脓性渗液)、瘢痕异常增生(瘢痕超出原切口范围>1 mm且质硬隆起)[13]。
采用Emmertsen等提出的低位前切综合征(Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Score,LARS)评分评估,量表涵盖排便频率、紧迫感、失禁等维度,总分<20分提示无LARS,20~29分为轻度LARS,≥30分为重度LARS,量表Cronbach's α系数为0.89,信效度良好[14]。
采用国际通用Clavien-Dindo外科手术并发症分级系统评估,分为5级,Ⅰ级为无需干预,Ⅱ级为采用药物/物理治疗,Ⅲ级为采用手术/介入治疗,Ⅳ级为危及生命需重症监护支持,Ⅴ级为死亡[15]。
为系统捕捉新辅助化疗期间症状负担的演变过程,本研究设立5个关键的症状负担评估时间点,即新辅助化疗开始前(T1)、第1个化疗周期结束后(T2)、第2个化疗周期结束后(T3)、第3个化疗周期结束后(T4)、术前3~5 d(T5)。以T1评估结果为基线水平;T2、T3、T4评估时间为化疗结束后24~48 h,旨在捕捉化疗周期对症状的即时效应及症状随治疗推进的动态变化情况;T5时化疗引起的急性反应已基本趋于稳定,能够反映化疗的累积效应及手术前的最终症状负担状态。于术后1个月门诊复诊时开展随访评估,包括体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况、排便功能、并发症严重程度。调查前获得病人及其家属的同意与配合,采用标准化指导语向病人详细阐述问卷填写方式,及时回收问卷并逐项检查,对有错误或遗漏的部分,与病人再次核实。对数据进行双人录入、核对,发现疏漏及时更正。共发放135份问卷,回收有效问卷120份,问卷有效回收率为88.89%。
采用SPSS 25.0软件及Mplus 8.3软件进行数据分析。正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述,非正态分布的定量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]描述;定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用探索性因子分析提取各时间点症状群,采用Friedman M检验比较各时间点的症状群负担,采用Mplus构建潜类别增长模型(latent class growth model,LCGM)区分各症状群的轨迹类别。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
将病人报告的所有症状纳入分析,采用因子分析法提取每个时间点初始特征值>1、因子载荷>0.5的因子。适宜性检验结果显示,T1、T2、T3、T4、T5的KMO值分别为0.85,0.86,0.87,0.82,0.82;Barlett's球形检验P<0.001,适宜进行因子分析。5个时间点均提取3个症状群,累计方差贡献率为66.71%~80.60%,根据其特点将其分别命名为神经毒性核心症状群、胃肠道反应症状群和心理应激症状群,见表2。
神经毒性核心症状群、胃肠道反应症状群、心理应激症状群在5个时间点的症状负担整体呈上升趋势,且5个时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),见表3。
基于神经毒性核心症状群的症状负担得分构建LCGM,结果显示,随着模型数增加,艾凯克信息准则(AIC)、经样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(aBIC)逐渐降低,其中模型3的AIC、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、aBIC值均比模型2低,且信息熵(Entropy)较高(0.98)。模型4的Bootstrapped似然比检验(BLRT)显著(P<0.10),但罗-梦戴尔-鲁本似然比检验(LMRT)不显著(P=0.10),故认为模型3为最佳拟合模型。见表4。根据模型3的3个轨迹类别特征对其进行命名,类别1共16例(13.3%)病人,其T1时症状负担较低,随着化疗进程推进症状负担快速上升,至T4达到最高水平,提示对化疗不良反应逐渐累积、耐受性变差,故命名为“高上升组”;类别2共12例(10.0%)病人,其化疗前期症状负担处于中高水平,随着化疗进程推进症状负担有所下降,提示化疗对肿瘤的控制改善了部分症状,同时病人对化疗相关不良反应逐渐适应,故命名为“下降趋势组”;类别3共92例(76.7%)病人,其T1至T5症状负担始终维持在较低水平,T4时处于最高水平,提示对化疗方案耐受良好,同时呈现化疗累积效应的晚期显现,故命名为“低上升组”,见图1。
基于胃肠道反应症状群的症状负担得分构建LCGM,结果显示,随着模型数增加,AIC、BIC、aBIC逐渐降低。模型2的LMRT和BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.01),Entropy为0.96,故认为模型2为最佳拟合模型。见表5。根据模型2的2个轨迹类别特征对其进行命名,类别1共69例(57.5%)病人,其症状负担始终处于较高水平,提示胃肠道症状持续存在且程度较重,故命名为“高症状组”;类别2共51例(42.5%)病人,其全程症状负担始终处于较低水平,故命名为“低症状组”。见图2。
基于心理应激症状群的症状负担得分构建LCGM,结果显示,随着模型数增加,AIC、BIC、aBIC逐渐降低。模型2的LMRT和BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.01),Entropy为0.99,故认为模型2为最佳拟合模型。见表6。根据模型2的2个轨迹类别特征对其进行命名,类别1共27例(22.5%)病人,其各时间点症状负担得分均持续处于较高水平,提示心理应激反应明显且持久,故命名为“高症状组”;类别2共93例(77.5%)病人,其各时间点症状负担得分均持续处于较低水平,提示心理调适良好,应激反应轻微,故命名为“低症状组”。见图3。
本研究通过纵向监测,明确了直肠癌病人新辅助化疗期间3类稳定且核心的症状群,即神经毒性核心症状群、胃肠道反应症状群、心理应激症状群,其累计方差贡献率提示,这些症状群的形成根植于相互交织的病理生理网络。神经毒性核心症状群主要源于奥沙利铂诱导的线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激及背根神经节中瞬时受体电位锚蛋白1(TRPA1)通道的敏化,导致离子稳态失衡和轴突变性[16-17]。胃肠道反应症状群与5-羟色胺3(5-HT3)受体持续激活、肠道菌群失调及其引发的肠黏膜屏障损伤密切相关[18]。心理应激症状群可能由化疗触发的外周炎性细胞因子通过血脑屏障影响中枢神经递质(如5-羟色胺、多巴胺)代谢介导,形成“免疫-脑轴”紊乱[19]。症状轨迹分析结果显示,病人在T3时症状负担升高,标志着化疗毒性从药理学暴露初期进入生理学累积阶段。如奥沙利铂的急性神经毒性在首次给药后即可通过电压门控钠通道失活引发急性症状,而卡培他滨的累积效应则开始显著干扰肠上皮细胞修复[20-21]。T4时病人症状负担达峰值,随后下降,提示机体代偿能力在多重毒性累积下趋于耗竭,此时病人处于新辅助治疗结束与手术前的关键“生理窗口期”,其神经内分泌应激系统高度激活,组织修复储备下降。若在此阶段未能进行有效干预,将直接损害病人的手术耐受性与术后组织愈合能力。LCGM结果提示直肠癌病人不同症状群的症状负担均存在群体异质性,可能与基线营养指数及心理弹性等个体因素在症状体验中的调节作用有关[22]。
本研究结果显示,直肠癌病人神经毒性核心症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其内在机制涉及多条相互影响的通路。1)化疗诱导的自主神经病变可影响胃肠分泌、血流及营养吸收,并通过扰乱下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴导致分解代谢亢进与合成代谢不足,共同促成难以纠正的体重丢失[23]。2)外周感觉神经病变引发的口腔感觉异常和吞咽不适会直接降低病人的经口进食意愿与能力。3)化疗会损伤肠神经系统导致动力障碍,化疗药物可直接损伤肠道肌间神经丛的神经元和Cajal间质细胞,导致胃肠起搏活动异常和传输功能障碍,这是术后胃排空延迟及便秘的核心原因[24]。4)化疗药物持续的神经毒性和生理应激可推动全身低度炎症状态,表现为白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6等促炎因子持续升高。这种微环境会抑制成纤维细胞活性,减少胶原沉积,从而削弱吻合口及切口的愈合强度,增加并发症发生风险[25]。此外,胃肠道反应症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、排便功能、并发症严重程度比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。胃肠道反应症状群主要通过直接损害消化吸收功能及降低术后饮食依从性影响恢复。心理应激症状群不同轨迹类别的体重、饮食类型、伤口恢复情况比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。心理应激症状群可能通过增强疼痛感知、诱发疲劳及睡眠障碍,形成行为性回避,阻碍早期下床活动与康复锻炼,间接延缓恢复进程。
症状群轨迹的动态演变规律提示,临床管理模式需进行转变。T4为3类症状群负担的共同峰值期且为手术前的关键生理窗口期,传统“出现症状再处理”的被动模式已无法适应精准医疗的要求,因此,必须建立以“基于轨迹的主动预警、分级干预与窗口期强化”为核心的全程管理策略。基于轨迹的早期预警与分级干预包括在化疗启动前即开展健康教育,告知病人与家属各类症状群的演变特点与自我监测要点,为早期识别与干预奠定基础。在症状快速上升期依据动态轨迹评估结果进行风险分层,实施前瞻性干预;对于在T2或T3已呈现“快速上升型”轨迹的病人,尤其是已报告持续性手足麻木、冷诱发感觉异常(提示神经毒性症状群启动)者,应立即启动预防措施,如严格将奥沙利铂静脉输注时间控制在2~6 h,输注期间对四肢实施持续冷冻疗法(如佩戴恒温冷手套/袜子),通过血管收缩减少末梢神经药物暴露,同时可考虑在输注前局部使用双氯芬酸凝胶,以减轻局部炎症反应与疼痛敏感性[26]。术前窗口期筛查出轨迹表现不良的高危病人,应在术前由多学科团队牵头,实施与症状群轨迹相匹配的短期强化干预,以优化手术耐受性。对神经毒性高危轨迹(表现为持续高水平或快速上升的神经毒性症状群等)病人启动个体化营养支持,及时联合肠内与肠外营养,旨在稳定体重与肌肉量,对抗分解代谢。针对神经源性胃肠动力障碍(如胃轻瘫、便秘)病人,精细化使用促动力药与缓泻剂[27]。对心理应激高危轨迹(表现为持续高水平的心理症状群等)病人提供数字化认知行为疗法或正念减压指导,以缓解焦虑或抑郁,提升心理弹性。对存在中重度情绪障碍的病人,及时转介至精神科,评估短期使用抗焦虑或抑郁药物的必要性,以快速稳定术前心理状态[28]。
本研究为单中心纵向研究,样本量有限,且术后观察期较短。未来需通过多中心合作扩大样本量,以验证轨迹模式的普适性及稳定性。研究应深度融合多组学数据(如基因组、代谢组、微生物组及动态炎症因子谱),系统性阐明不同症状轨迹背后的驱动分子网络。同时,延长随访时间,以评估症状轨迹对长期癌症康复、生活质量和生存预后的影响。基于本研究的轨迹分类,可开发、实施并验证一套能够动态调整的阶梯式护理干预路径,并对其卫生经济学效益进行综合评价。
本研究结果提示,直肠癌新辅助化疗病人的症状负担以神经毒性、胃肠道反应及心理应激症状群为核心,其症状负担呈现明确的动态演变规律,且存在群体异质性。这些症状群通过损伤肠神经功能、引发代谢炎症紊乱及影响病人行为与术后短期康复结局紧密关联。因此,临床实践应转向动态监测与轨迹识别,将干预节点前移,并依据轨迹风险实施分层、精准的多维度管理,以期改善病人的围术期生理与心理状态,提升手术治疗安全性与长期康复质量。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004
  • 接收时间:2025-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-22
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    1复旦大学附属肿瘤医院,上海 200032
    2复旦大学上海医学院

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张晓菊,E-mail:
ZHANG Xiaoju, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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