Article(id=1322929673650446642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777478400000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-30, revisedDate=1781452800000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340613042, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340613042, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340613042, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340613042, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929547464815391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='14', pageStart='2385', pageEnd='2576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340582958, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343111003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2385, endPage=2392, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929674019545395, articleId=1322929673650446642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Empirical study of the family nurse dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome, columnId=1322630797144732498, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Chronic Disease Dietary Therapy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To observe the effectiveness of a family nurse dietary therapy regimen,developed based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory,in improving the severity of menopausal symptoms,metabolic indicators,and oxidative stress levels in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome.

Methods

A total of 70 overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome were selected as study subjects from the gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary grade A hospital and a resident community in Shanxi province from May 25,2025 to August 29,2025.Patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group,35 cases each.The control group patients received a conventional dietary program,while the intervention group cases received the family nurse dietary therapy regimen in addition to routine care.Anthropometric indicators,blood biochemical indicators,inflammatory indicators,and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated before the intervention and 6 weeks after the intervention.

Results

During the intervention period,8 cases dropped out,31 patients in each group completed the trial.After 6 weeks of intervention,the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower levels than those before the intervention in terms of body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,abdominal circumference,hip circumference,body fat mass,visceral fat area,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),homocysteine(Hcy),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),serum uric acid(UA),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and malondialdehyde(MDA).Furthermore,the BMI,abdominal circumference,hip circumference,body fat mass,FPG,HOMA-IR,TG,LDL-C,Hcy,TNF-α,hs-CRP,IL-6,and MDA were significantly lower in the intervention group than that in the control group at the same time.Superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were higher in the intervention group than that before the intervention.The SOD was significantly higher in the intervention group that in the control group at the same time(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The family nurse dietary therapy regimen,rich in non-nutrients,alleviated menopausal symptoms and effectively improved body composition,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory and oxidative stress levels in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome.

, authors=Xuan LING1, Shifan HAN1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Rui YAN1, Chenjing MA6, Qia LIU1, Jialing LYU1, Xinyu LI6, Yiwen ZHAO7, Jun ZHANG1, Huan ZHANG8, authorsList=Xuan LING, Shifan HAN, Rui YAN, Chenjing MA, Qia LIU, Jialing LYU, Xinyu LI, Yiwen ZHAO, Jun ZHANG, Huan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shifan HAN, Rui YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929675235893556, articleId=1322929673650446642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人中的实证研究, columnId=1322630797320893268, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=慢病食疗专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

观察基于家庭护士食疗理论构建的家庭护士食疗方案改善超重和肥胖围绝经期病人更年期症状严重程度、代谢指标、氧化应激水平的有效性。

方法

于2025年5月25日—8月29日,选取在山西省某三级甲等医院妇科门诊及某社区卫生服务中心招募的70例超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人作为研究对象,将病人随机分为对照组和干预组,每组35例。对照组实施常规饮食方案,干预组在常规护理基础上采用家庭护士食疗方案。于干预前及干预6周后评价病人的人体测量学指标、血生化指标、炎症指标、氧化应激指标。

结果

干预期间脱落8例病人,最终两组各31例病人完成试验。干预组干预6周后,体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量、内脏脂肪面积、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血清尿酸(UA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)水平低于干预前,且BMI、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量、FPG、HOMA-IR、TG、LDL-C、Hcy、TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6、MDA小于同期对照组;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)高于干预前及同期对照组(均P<0.05)。

结论

富含非营养素的家庭护士食疗方案可以缓解超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人更年期症状,有效改善病人人体成分、糖脂代谢水平、炎症氧化应激水平。

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凌璇,护士,硕士研究生

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韩世范,E-mail:
闫蕊,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
YAN Rui, E-mail:
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Comparison of general information between the two groups

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项目分类干预组(n=31)对照组(n=31)统计值P
年龄(岁)51.45±3.9852.10±3.70t=-0.6610.511
确诊时长(年)2.0(1.5,3.0)2.5(2.0,3.0)Z=-0.8870.375
月经状态[例(%)]月经规律4(12.9)10(32.3)χ2=4.5020.197
月经不规律10(32.3)6(19.4)
短期(<12个月)停经6(19.4)3(9.7)
长期(≥12个月)停经11(35.5)12(38.7)
受教育时间[例(%)]≤6年2(6.5)4(12.9)χ2=1.5120.453
>6~<12年13(41.9)9(29.0)
≥12年16(51.6)18(58.1)
饮食习惯[例(%)]普通饮食10(32.3)10(32.3)χ2=0.0001.000
高脂高热量饮食21(67.7)21(67.7)
运动情况[例(%)]从不8(25.8)11(35.5)χ2=0.6860.710
偶尔14(45.2)12(38.7)
经常9(29.0)8(25.8)
合并高血压[例(%)]无25(80.6)24(77.4)χ2=0.0970.755
有6(19.4)7(22.6)
合并糖尿病[例(%)]无30(96.8)29(93.5)1.000①
有1(3.2)2(6.5)
合并脂肪肝[例(%)]无28(90.3)29(93.5)1.000①
有3(9.7)2(6.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322929681812562323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组病人一般资料比较

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项目分类干预组(n=31)对照组(n=31)统计值P
年龄(岁)51.45±3.9852.10±3.70t=-0.6610.511
确诊时长(年)2.0(1.5,3.0)2.5(2.0,3.0)Z=-0.8870.375
月经状态[例(%)]月经规律4(12.9)10(32.3)χ2=4.5020.197
月经不规律10(32.3)6(19.4)
短期(<12个月)停经6(19.4)3(9.7)
长期(≥12个月)停经11(35.5)12(38.7)
受教育时间[例(%)]≤6年2(6.5)4(12.9)χ2=1.5120.453
>6~<12年13(41.9)9(29.0)
≥12年16(51.6)18(58.1)
饮食习惯[例(%)]普通饮食10(32.3)10(32.3)χ2=0.0001.000
高脂高热量饮食21(67.7)21(67.7)
运动情况[例(%)]从不8(25.8)11(35.5)χ2=0.6860.710
偶尔14(45.2)12(38.7)
经常9(29.0)8(25.8)
合并高血压[例(%)]无25(80.6)24(77.4)χ2=0.0970.755
有6(19.4)7(22.6)
合并糖尿病[例(%)]无30(96.8)29(93.5)1.000①
有1(3.2)2(6.5)
合并脂肪肝[例(%)]无28(90.3)29(93.5)1.000①
有3(9.7)2(6.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322929681892254100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of anthropometric indicators between the two groups

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项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
体重(kg)对照组3164.69±7.3363.19±7.05t=8.205<0.001
干预组3165.94±7.6860.41±6.86t=11.658<0.001
t值-0.7951.296
P0.4260.195
BMI(kg/m2)对照组3125.70(24.60,26.30)24.90(24.20,25.70)Z=-4.861<0.001
干预组3126.84±1.8324.29±1.72t=11.353<0.001
Z值-0.738-2.876
P0.4640.004
腰围(cm)对照组3182.55±7.3378.55±7.09t=14.180<0.001
干预组3183.61±7.9477.84±7.67t=13.609<0.001
t值-0.5550.378
P0.5810.706
腹围(cm)对照组3197.00(90.00,99.00)95.00(88.00,98.00)Z=-3.995<0.001
干预组3194.58±8.5983.68±7.92t=21.797<0.001
Z值-0.317-5.556
P0.752<0.001
臀围(cm)对照组31106.00(99.00,110.00)103.00(96.00,107.00)Z=-4.894<0.001
干预组31100.00(98.00,106.00)94.00(89.00,99.00)Z=-4.881<0.001
Z值-1.461-4.025
P0.149<0.001
腰臀比对照组310.79±0.070.77±0.07t=10.727<0.001
干预组310.83(0.77,0.86)0.83(0.77,0.85)Z=-0.6860.493
Z值1.8533.248
P0.0690.002
体脂肪量(kg)对照组3123.30(21.50,25.60)22.60(20.40,24.70)Z=-4.863<0.001
干预组3124.00(21.30,26.90)20.10(19.00,22.50)Z=-4.861<0.001
Z值-0.634-2.668
P0.5260.008
内脏脂肪面积(cm2)对照组31116.70(104.10,128.10)115.40(102.70,123.60)Z=-4.862<0.001
干预组31120.90(111.40,134.40)105.10(97.30,121.20)Z=-4.860<0.001
Z值1.269-1.295
P0.2090.195
骨骼肌肉量(kg)对照组3124.00±2.8323.49±2.35t=2.9240.007
干预组3122.77±2.8922.68±3.26t=0.2790.782
t值1.6941.126
P0.0950.265
), ArticleFig(id=1322929681992917397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组人体测量学指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
体重(kg)对照组3164.69±7.3363.19±7.05t=8.205<0.001
干预组3165.94±7.6860.41±6.86t=11.658<0.001
t值-0.7951.296
P0.4260.195
BMI(kg/m2)对照组3125.70(24.60,26.30)24.90(24.20,25.70)Z=-4.861<0.001
干预组3126.84±1.8324.29±1.72t=11.353<0.001
Z值-0.738-2.876
P0.4640.004
腰围(cm)对照组3182.55±7.3378.55±7.09t=14.180<0.001
干预组3183.61±7.9477.84±7.67t=13.609<0.001
t值-0.5550.378
P0.5810.706
腹围(cm)对照组3197.00(90.00,99.00)95.00(88.00,98.00)Z=-3.995<0.001
干预组3194.58±8.5983.68±7.92t=21.797<0.001
Z值-0.317-5.556
P0.752<0.001
臀围(cm)对照组31106.00(99.00,110.00)103.00(96.00,107.00)Z=-4.894<0.001
干预组31100.00(98.00,106.00)94.00(89.00,99.00)Z=-4.881<0.001
Z值-1.461-4.025
P0.149<0.001
腰臀比对照组310.79±0.070.77±0.07t=10.727<0.001
干预组310.83(0.77,0.86)0.83(0.77,0.85)Z=-0.6860.493
Z值1.8533.248
P0.0690.002
体脂肪量(kg)对照组3123.30(21.50,25.60)22.60(20.40,24.70)Z=-4.863<0.001
干预组3124.00(21.30,26.90)20.10(19.00,22.50)Z=-4.861<0.001
Z值-0.634-2.668
P0.5260.008
内脏脂肪面积(cm2)对照组31116.70(104.10,128.10)115.40(102.70,123.60)Z=-4.862<0.001
干预组31120.90(111.40,134.40)105.10(97.30,121.20)Z=-4.860<0.001
Z值1.269-1.295
P0.2090.195
骨骼肌肉量(kg)对照组3124.00±2.8323.49±2.35t=2.9240.007
干预组3122.77±2.8922.68±3.26t=0.2790.782
t值1.6941.126
P0.0950.265
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682076803478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of glucose metabolism indicators between the two groups

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项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
FPG(mmol/L)对照组315.73(5.31,6.20)5.54(5.29,5.95)Z=-2.910.004
干预组315.53(5.16,6.25)5.18(5.01,5.44)Z=-3.94<0.001
Z值0.763.34
P0.4470.001
FINS(μU/mL)对照组3110.01±4.929.25±4.81t=1.600.121
干预组3110.42±4.897.19±3.45t=5.93<0.001
t值-0.321.70
P0.7470.090
HOMA-IR对照组312.21(1.78,3.45)2.39(1.51,3.06)Z=-2.180.030
干预组312.28(1.47,3.75)0.69(0.34,1.33)Z=-4.86<0.001
Z值-0.054.46
P0.961<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682164883863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组糖代谢指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
FPG(mmol/L)对照组315.73(5.31,6.20)5.54(5.29,5.95)Z=-2.910.004
干预组315.53(5.16,6.25)5.18(5.01,5.44)Z=-3.94<0.001
Z值0.763.34
P0.4470.001
FINS(μU/mL)对照组3110.01±4.929.25±4.81t=1.600.121
干预组3110.42±4.897.19±3.45t=5.93<0.001
t值-0.321.70
P0.7470.090
HOMA-IR对照组312.21(1.78,3.45)2.39(1.51,3.06)Z=-2.180.030
干预组312.28(1.47,3.75)0.69(0.34,1.33)Z=-4.86<0.001
Z值-0.054.46
P0.961<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682248769944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of lipid metabolism indicators between the two groups

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项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
TC对照组315.00(4.58,5.62)4.88(4.15,5.78)Z=-1.600.110
干预组315.14(4.58,6.12)4.70(4.22,5.02)Z=-4.31<0.001
Z值-0.701.60
P0.4810.110
TG对照组312.04(1.64,2.66)2.17(1.67,2.80)Z=1.570.116
干预组311.89(1.46,2.72)1.46(1.12,2.17)Z=-3.91<0.001
Z值0.393.54
P0.693<0.001
HDL-C对照组311.38±0.251.28±0.30t=2.280.022
干预组311.36±0.281.33±0.20t=0.610.543
t值0.30-0.84
P0.7670.405
LDL-C对照组313.53±0.903.44±0.84t=1.650.100
干预组313.50±0.762.98±0.76t=3.87<0.001
t值0.132.24
P0.8980.029
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682320073113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组脂代谢指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
TC对照组315.00(4.58,5.62)4.88(4.15,5.78)Z=-1.600.110
干预组315.14(4.58,6.12)4.70(4.22,5.02)Z=-4.31<0.001
Z值-0.701.60
P0.4810.110
TG对照组312.04(1.64,2.66)2.17(1.67,2.80)Z=1.570.116
干预组311.89(1.46,2.72)1.46(1.12,2.17)Z=-3.91<0.001
Z值0.393.54
P0.693<0.001
HDL-C对照组311.38±0.251.28±0.30t=2.280.022
干预组311.36±0.281.33±0.20t=0.610.543
t值0.30-0.84
P0.7670.405
LDL-C对照组313.53±0.903.44±0.84t=1.650.100
干预组313.50±0.762.98±0.76t=3.87<0.001
t值0.132.24
P0.8980.029
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682408153498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of Hcy between the two groups

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组别例数干预前干预6周后Z值P
对照组3112.20(10.50,14.70)13.64(10.80,15.85)-1.1910.243
干预组3110.80(9.75,12.90)9.90(9.00,12.15)-2.0390.041
Z值1.1343.141
P0.2570.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682487845275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组Hcy比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数干预前干预6周后Z值P
对照组3112.20(10.50,14.70)13.64(10.80,15.85)-1.1910.243
干预组3110.80(9.75,12.90)9.90(9.00,12.15)-2.0390.041
Z值1.1343.141
P0.2570.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682559148444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of liver and kidney function indicators in the intervention group

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项目干预前干预6周后统计值P
ALT(U/L)22.00(16.50,29.00)14.00(12.00,19.50)Z=-4.347<0.001
AST(U/L)21.00(19.00,25.50)18.68±4.17Z=5.450<0.001
BUN(mmol/L)5.00(4.30,5.75)4.30(3.65,4.95)Z=3.6290.001
Scr(μmol/L)54.90±6.1752.32±6.11t=3.0460.005
UA(μmol/L)308.49±59.32259.03±45.17t=4.546<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682634645918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

干预组肝肾功能指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目干预前干预6周后统计值P
ALT(U/L)22.00(16.50,29.00)14.00(12.00,19.50)Z=-4.347<0.001
AST(U/L)21.00(19.00,25.50)18.68±4.17Z=5.450<0.001
BUN(mmol/L)5.00(4.30,5.75)4.30(3.65,4.95)Z=3.6290.001
Scr(μmol/L)54.90±6.1752.32±6.11t=3.0460.005
UA(μmol/L)308.49±59.32259.03±45.17t=4.546<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682752086431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of inflammatory indicators between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后Z值P
TNF-α(pg/mL)对照组312.50±0.442.41(2.00,2.71)-0.420.673
干预组312.17(2.12,2.52)1.00(1.00,2.00)-4.86<0.001
Z值1.074.37
P0.287<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)对照组312.53(1.37,3.99)2.37±1.46-2.160.030
干预组312.07(0.81,5.00)0.71(0.43,0.91)-4.76<0.001
Z值-0.134.75
P0.898<0.001
IL-6(pg/mL)对照组312.14(1.50,3.13)2.58(1.77,2.93)-0.890.382
干预组312.52(1.59,3.06)1.50(1.00,1.72)-4.53<0.001
Z值-0.794.31
P0.429<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682848555424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

两组炎症指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后Z值P
TNF-α(pg/mL)对照组312.50±0.442.41(2.00,2.71)-0.420.673
干预组312.17(2.12,2.52)1.00(1.00,2.00)-4.86<0.001
Z值1.074.37
P0.287<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)对照组312.53(1.37,3.99)2.37±1.46-2.160.030
干预组312.07(0.81,5.00)0.71(0.43,0.91)-4.76<0.001
Z值-0.134.75
P0.898<0.001
IL-6(pg/mL)对照组312.14(1.50,3.13)2.58(1.77,2.93)-0.890.382
干预组312.52(1.59,3.06)1.50(1.00,1.72)-4.53<0.001
Z值-0.794.31
P0.429<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929682945024417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of oxidative stress indicators between the two groups

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项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
SOD(U/mL)对照组31155.51±9.80153.76±9.60t=1.860.070
干预组31155.81±16.48177.41±15.65t=-10.60<0.001
t值-0.09-7.17
P0.932<0.001
MDA(nmol/mL)对照组311.35±0.121.37±0.11t=-1.360.183
干预组311.34(1.24,1.39)1.19(1.12,1.30)Z=-4.75<0.001
Z值0.584.81
P0.563<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929683016327586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929673650446642, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

两组氧化应激指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后统计值P
SOD(U/mL)对照组31155.51±9.80153.76±9.60t=1.860.070
干预组31155.81±16.48177.41±15.65t=-10.60<0.001
t值-0.09-7.17
P0.932<0.001
MDA(nmol/mL)对照组311.35±0.121.37±0.11t=-1.360.183
干预组311.34(1.24,1.39)1.19(1.12,1.30)Z=-4.75<0.001
Z值0.584.81
P0.563<0.001
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家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人中的实证研究
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凌璇 1 , 韩世范 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *, * , 闫蕊 1, *, * , 马辰婧 6 , 刘洽 1 , 吕嘉玲 1 , 李馨煜 6 , 赵奕雯 7 , 张珺 1 , 张欢 8
护理研究 | 慢病食疗专题 2026,40(14): 2385-2392
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护理研究 |慢病食疗专题 2026 , 40 (14) : 2385 -2392
家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人中的实证研究
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凌璇1, 韩世范1, 2, 3, 4, 5, *, * , 闫蕊1, *, * , 马辰婧6, 刘洽1, 吕嘉玲1, 李馨煜6, 赵奕雯7, 张珺1, 张欢8
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学护理学院,山西 030001
  • 2山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
  • 3山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
  • 4山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地
  • 5山西医科大学第一医院
  • 6山西医科大学医学科学院
  • 7山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
  • 8山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司
通讯作者:
韩世范,E-mail:
闫蕊,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
YAN Rui, E-mail:
作者简介:

凌璇,护士,硕士研究生

Empirical study of the family nurse dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome
Xuan LING1, Shifan HAN1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Rui YAN1 , Chenjing MA6, Qia LIU1, Jialing LYU1, Xinyu LI6, Yiwen ZHAO7, Jun ZHANG1, Huan ZHANG8
Affiliations
  • 1Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 China
  • 2Dietotherapy Science and Technology Research Center, Shanxi Medical University
  • 3Shanxi Province Food Therapy and Agricultural Products Prescription Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance
  • 4Major Platform Carrier and Training Base for the Integration of Health Industry and Education in Shanxi Province
  • 5First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
  • 6Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University
  • 7Shanxi Medical Periodical Press Co.,Ltd
  • 8Shanxi Full-Care Family Nurse Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.001
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目的

观察基于家庭护士食疗理论构建的家庭护士食疗方案改善超重和肥胖围绝经期病人更年期症状严重程度、代谢指标、氧化应激水平的有效性。

方法

于2025年5月25日—8月29日,选取在山西省某三级甲等医院妇科门诊及某社区卫生服务中心招募的70例超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人作为研究对象,将病人随机分为对照组和干预组,每组35例。对照组实施常规饮食方案,干预组在常规护理基础上采用家庭护士食疗方案。于干预前及干预6周后评价病人的人体测量学指标、血生化指标、炎症指标、氧化应激指标。

结果

干预期间脱落8例病人,最终两组各31例病人完成试验。干预组干预6周后,体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量、内脏脂肪面积、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血清尿酸(UA)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)水平低于干预前,且BMI、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量、FPG、HOMA-IR、TG、LDL-C、Hcy、TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6、MDA小于同期对照组;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)高于干预前及同期对照组(均P<0.05)。

结论

富含非营养素的家庭护士食疗方案可以缓解超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人更年期症状,有效改善病人人体成分、糖脂代谢水平、炎症氧化应激水平。

家庭护士食疗理论  /  超重  /  肥胖  /  围绝经期综合征  /  非营养素  /  饮食干预
Objective

To observe the effectiveness of a family nurse dietary therapy regimen,developed based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory,in improving the severity of menopausal symptoms,metabolic indicators,and oxidative stress levels in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome.

Methods

A total of 70 overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome were selected as study subjects from the gynecology outpatient clinic of a tertiary grade A hospital and a resident community in Shanxi province from May 25,2025 to August 29,2025.Patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group,35 cases each.The control group patients received a conventional dietary program,while the intervention group cases received the family nurse dietary therapy regimen in addition to routine care.Anthropometric indicators,blood biochemical indicators,inflammatory indicators,and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated before the intervention and 6 weeks after the intervention.

Results

During the intervention period,8 cases dropped out,31 patients in each group completed the trial.After 6 weeks of intervention,the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower levels than those before the intervention in terms of body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,abdominal circumference,hip circumference,body fat mass,visceral fat area,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),homocysteine(Hcy),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),serum uric acid(UA),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and malondialdehyde(MDA).Furthermore,the BMI,abdominal circumference,hip circumference,body fat mass,FPG,HOMA-IR,TG,LDL-C,Hcy,TNF-α,hs-CRP,IL-6,and MDA were significantly lower in the intervention group than that in the control group at the same time.Superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels were higher in the intervention group than that before the intervention.The SOD was significantly higher in the intervention group that in the control group at the same time(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The family nurse dietary therapy regimen,rich in non-nutrients,alleviated menopausal symptoms and effectively improved body composition,glucose and lipid metabolism,and inflammatory and oxidative stress levels in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome.

family nurse dietary therapy theory  /  overweight  /  obesity  /  perimenopausal syndrome  /  non-nutrients  /  dietary intervention
凌璇, 韩世范, 闫蕊, 马辰婧, 刘洽, 吕嘉玲, 李馨煜, 赵奕雯, 张珺, 张欢. 家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖围绝经期综合征病人中的实证研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2385 -2392 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.001
Xuan LING, Shifan HAN, Rui YAN, Chenjing MA, Qia LIU, Jialing LYU, Xinyu LI, Yiwen ZHAO, Jun ZHANG, Huan ZHANG. Empirical study of the family nurse dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese patients with perimenopausal syndrome[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2385 -2392 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.001
围绝经期综合征(perimenopausal syndrome,MPS)是指女性在绝经前后因卵巢功能衰退出现性激素波动或减少,进而引发血管舒缩功能紊乱、自主神经功能紊乱及精神神经异常的一组症候群[1]。我国40~65岁女性MPS发生率为61.0%[2]。MPS不仅影响病人生活质量,更与肥胖、代谢综合征、心血管疾病及骨质疏松等多种慢性病密切相关[3]。目前MPS治疗手段主要包括激素替代疗法、非激素类药物治疗及非药物干预。激素替代疗法虽能缓解血管舒缩症状,但长期使用可能增加乳腺癌及心血管事件风险[4]。非激素类药物存在消化不良等不良反应[5]。中医药疗法缺乏大样本随机对照试验支持[6]。饮食干预作为MPS管理的重要策略已受到关注,地中海饮食、终止高血压饮食等可通过调节炎症、改善代谢缓解更年期症状[7]。然而,现有饮食干预研究多聚焦于传统营养素调整或单一非营养素成分探索,缺乏系统的理论指导与全面整合非营养素的个性化方案[8]。家庭护士食疗理论通过分析地中海饮食等健康膳食模式防治慢性病的共同病理生理机制,提出非营养素通过抗炎、抗氧化和改善代谢3条通路防治慢性病的理论模型[9]。本团队前期基于该理论构建的方案已在684例超重和肥胖慢性病病人中被证实具有改善人体成分、糖脂代谢及炎症的效果[10]。围绝经期女性面临的氧化应激加剧、慢性低度炎症及代谢障碍恰与该理论的3条通路模型高度契合。本研究旨在验证家庭护士食疗方案在超重和肥胖MPS病人中的应用效果,为该类人群的非药物管理提供依据。
于2025年5月25日—8月29日,选取在山西省某三级甲等医院妇科门诊及某社区卫生服务中心招募的70例超重和肥胖MPS病人作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组,每组35例。纳入标准:1)符合《中国绝经管理与绝经激素治疗指南2023版》[11]诊断标准;2)诊断为超重或肥胖[体质指数(BMI)为≥24 kg/m2];3)出现典型围绝经期症状;4)近期未参与其他临床试验;5)自愿签署知情同意书。排除标准:1)患有子宫内膜异位症、甲状腺功能异常等异质性疾病;2)患有意识障碍或严重抑郁、焦虑等不能配合试验;3)患有严重肝肾功能及心肺功能异常;4)近3个月参与过其他临床研究;5)正在接受减肥或激素替代治疗;6)对试验产品成分过敏。本研究已获山西医科大学第一医院伦理委员会批准(批件号:KYLL-2025-309),且在医学研究登记备案信息系统进行备案(备案编号:MR-14-26-018775)。
对照组实施基于《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》[12]和《成人肥胖食养指南(2024年版)》[13]的常规饮食方案,强调总量控制与均衡摄入,不额外添加非营养素强化干预。通过半定量食物频率问卷收集饮食数据,每周选取3 d饮食信息计算日均能量摄入,依据《中国食物成分表》[14-15]编制食物推荐选择表,指导病人合理搭配。
干预组在常规护理基础上采用家庭护士食疗方案。给予家庭护士®专用茶(主要成分为苦荞、枸杞等),每日2包,餐间饮用;家庭护士®蛋白复配粉,早餐、午餐、晚餐各1袋(20 g),温开水冲饮。选择非营养素含量丰富的食物,综合考虑病人体重、饮食习惯、职业等情况制定个性化饮食餐单,每周根据反馈调整。
两组干预时长均为6周,均通过家庭护士食疗管理应用小程序进行饮食跟踪记录、营养成分分析及健康指标监测,研究人员3~4 d进行1次视频或电话随访。
于干预前及干预6周后评价病人的人体测量学指标、血生化指标、炎症指标、氧化应激指标,其中人体测量学指标由研究者使用经校准的仪器现场统一测量;血生化指标、炎症指标、氧化应激指标采集由专人安排,病人于采血前夜禁食至少8 h,次日清晨由专业人员统一抽取空腹外周静脉血。人体测量学指标包括体重、BMI、腰围、腹围、臀围、腰臀比、体脂肪量、内脏脂肪面积、骨骼肌肉量;血生化指标包括空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血清尿酸(UA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy);炎症指标包括肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6);氧化应激指标包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。定量资料符合正态分布以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,不符合正态分布以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示;定性资料以例数、百分比(%)表示。组间比较,正态分布且方差齐时采用独立样本t检验,否则采用Mann-Whitney U检验;组内比较,正态分布且方差齐时采用配对样本t检验,否则采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验。定性资料比较采用χ2检验、Fisher精确概率法或秩和检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
干预期间脱落8例病人,最终两组各31例病人完成试验。两组一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。
超重和肥胖MPS病人普遍存在氧化应激加剧、慢性低度炎症激活及代谢障碍,恰对应家庭护士食疗理论提出的抗炎、抗氧化、改善代谢3条通路干预模型[9]。雌激素水平下降是驱动上述病理改变的核心环节,可导致抗氧化防御受损、促炎因子释放增加及胰岛素敏感性降低[16-18]。
干预组干预6周后体重、BMI、腰围、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量、内脏脂肪面积较干预前降低,且BMI、腹围、臀围、体脂肪量较同期对照组降低(均P<0.05)。已有研究结果显示,高蛋白、低糖饮食结构可促进饱腹感,减少能量摄入;膳食纤维和非营养素成分可调节肠道菌群,促进腹部脂肪分解[19]。此外,腰臀比改善提示该方案可有效减少腹部脂肪堆积,降低心血管疾病发生风险[20]。干预组干预6周后的骨骼肌肉量与干预前相比差异不明显(P=0.782),而对照组与干预前相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.007)。已有研究表明,高蛋白饮食具有保护瘦体组织的作用[21]。
干预组干预6周后FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C较干预前降低(P<0.001)。胰岛素抵抗是围绝经期女性代谢问题的核心,雌激素水平下降导致脂肪重新分布和胰岛素敏感性变差[22]。干预组方案中限制精制糖类摄入、增加膳食纤维和植物化学物摄入,可有效降低餐后血糖波动。苦荞黄酮、花青素、大豆异黄酮等非营养素成分可能通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路促进葡萄糖摄取,发挥类胰岛素样作用[23-24]。植物甾醇可竞争性抑制胆固醇吸收,大豆异黄酮等可调控肝脏脂质代谢酶活性,促进胆固醇逆向转运[25]。
干预组干预6周后Hcy水平较干预前降低(P=0.041)。雌激素可通过调控Hcy代谢途径及叶酸利用率维持其代谢平衡[26]。家庭护士食疗方案可通过3个途径促进Hcy代谢:1)深绿色蔬菜、豆类补充叶酸及B族维生素;2)大豆异黄酮等植物雌激素通过雌激素受体发挥类雌激素效应;3)降低炎症、改善氧化应激,打破Hcy与炎症/氧化应激的恶性循环[27]。已有研究结果显示,Hcy每降低5 μmol/L,脑卒中发生风险降低24%,缺血性心脏病发生风险降低16%[28]。本研究Hcy降低结合血脂、血糖改善可产生累积心血管保护效应。
干预组干预6周后TNF-α、hs-CRP、IL-6、MDA较干预前降低,SOD升高(P<0.001)。雌激素下降导致抗氧化能力减弱,氧化应激水平升高,同时可激活免疫细胞使促炎因子分泌增加,形成慢性低度炎症[29-30]。家庭护士食疗方案中多酚类饮食可通过激活核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)/抗氧化反应元件(ARE)信号通路增强抗氧化酶表达,植物化学物质可抑制核因子-κB(NF-κB)通路减少促炎因子生成,大豆异黄酮可双向调节雌激素受体,膳食纤维可经肠道菌群发酵产生短链脂肪酸调节免疫稳态[31]。
干预组干预6周后ALT、AST、BUN、Scr、UA较干预前降低(P<0.001),可能与体重减轻、代谢好转有关。体重及内脏脂肪减少可减轻肝脏脂肪沉积,抗氧化成分可减轻肝脏氧化应激与炎症[32]。Scr、BUN下降提示该高蛋白饮食不会加重肾功能正常围绝经期女性的肾脏负担[33]。本研究全程监测受试者肝肾功能,所有指标均在正常范围,无严重不良反应,表明为期6周的家庭护士食疗方案应用具有安全性。
本研究基于家庭护士食疗理论,通过随机对照试验验证了该理论在超重和肥胖MPS病人中的有效性。在该理论指导下构建的家庭护士食疗方案不仅能减轻更年期症状严重程度,还能改善人体成分、糖脂代谢,降低炎症与氧化应激水平。未来可进行大样本、多中心试验,延长随访时间,进一步深入“饮食-肠道菌群-宿主”机制研究,增加对骨密度、心血管功能等客观指标的全面评估。
(谨向山西医科大学第一医院李霞、曹文婷老师及太原市解南社区卫生服务中心丹评书记致以诚挚谢意,感谢各位在课题设计、饮食方案制定、病人招募与方案调整全过程给予的悉心指导与大力支持。)

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2026年第40卷第14期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.001
  • 接收时间:2026-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30
  • 修回日期:2026-06-15
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    1山西医科大学护理学院,山西 030001
    2山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
    3山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
    4山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地
    5山西医科大学第一医院
    6山西医科大学医学科学院
    7山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
    8山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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