Article(id=1322929576552301388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=1778169600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340589893, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340589893, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340589893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340589893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2659, endPage=2665, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929578389406541, articleId=1322929576552301388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(CVD) in Deyang city,and to provide scientific basis for optimizing regional nursing service strategies.

Methods

Using stratified convenience sampling method,a total of 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease living at home in Deyang city from March to August 2024 were selected as research subjects.Clinical data and the status quo and needs for home care were collected.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease.

Results

Among 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease who stayed at home,only 3.44% had experience with home care services,with an overall demand rate of 21.31%.Logistic regression analysis results showed that place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability were the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city presents the characteristics of low utilization rate,low demand rate,and specific demand orientation.The main influencing factors for home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease are place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability.

, authors=Tong ZHANG, Lin RUAN, authorsList=Tong ZHANG, Lin RUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tong ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929578775282510, articleId=1322929576552301388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=德阳市老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现况及影响因素, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现状及影响因素,为优化区域护理服务策略提供科学依据。

方法

采用分层便利抽样法,选取2024年3月—8月德阳市291例居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人为研究对象,收集临床资料、上门护理服务利用现况、需求情况等,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选病人上门护理需求的影响因素。

结果

291例居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人中仅3.44%的病人曾有上门护理服务经历,总体需求率为21.31%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求呈现低利用率、低需求率、特定需求指向的特征,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求的影响因素。

, authors=张同, 阮林, authorsList=张同, 阮林, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张同, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Tong, E-mail:
张同,主管护师,本科,E-mail:
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authorNames=武雨, 孙松蔚, 宋蕾, journalName=中国护理管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=武雨,孙松蔚,宋蕾,等.青岛市居家失能老年人“互联网+”长期护理服务使用意愿的调查[J].中国护理管理,2021,21(8):1152-1157., articleTitle=青岛市居家失能老年人“互联网+”长期护理服务使用意愿的调查, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929579014357839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929579022746448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, companyId=1322929579014357839, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The Second People's Hospital of Deyang, Sichuan 618000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929579031135057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, companyId=1322929579014357839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1德阳市第二人民医院,四川 618000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322929580784354154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sociodemographic and data clinical characteristics of elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)
性别男15352.58
女13847.42
年龄60~70岁13546.39
>70~80岁9532.65
>80岁6120.96
居住地城市15653.61
农村13546.39
受教育程度小学及以下22476.98
初中4716.15
高中/中专134.47
专科及以上72.41
婚姻状态已婚21774.57
丧偶/离异/未婚7425.43
家庭人均月收入≤2 000元10736.77
>2 000~4 000元15151.89
>4 000元3311.34
医疗保险类型城镇居民医疗保险18663.92
城镇职工医疗保险9532.65
其他/自费103.44
主要疾病诊断(多选)高血压21874.91
冠心病9432.30
心力衰竭7224.74
高脂血症7224.74
心律失常4214.43
心瓣膜病62.06
心肌疾病20.69
合并其他系统慢性病(多选)内分泌代谢疾病19165.64
呼吸系统疾病4716.15
消化系统疾病3010.31
泌尿系统慢性病186.19
神经系统慢性病124.12
骨关节病82.75
恶性肿瘤41.37
合并慢性病数量1种8228.18
2种7325.09
3种6120.96
≥4种7525.77
日常生活活动能力无需依赖20971.82
轻度依赖4114.09
中度依赖3110.65
重度依赖103.44
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580859851627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年心血管疾病病人社会人口学资料及疾病特征(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)
性别男15352.58
女13847.42
年龄60~70岁13546.39
>70~80岁9532.65
>80岁6120.96
居住地城市15653.61
农村13546.39
受教育程度小学及以下22476.98
初中4716.15
高中/中专134.47
专科及以上72.41
婚姻状态已婚21774.57
丧偶/离异/未婚7425.43
家庭人均月收入≤2 000元10736.77
>2 000~4 000元15151.89
>4 000元3311.34
医疗保险类型城镇居民医疗保险18663.92
城镇职工医疗保险9532.65
其他/自费103.44
主要疾病诊断(多选)高血压21874.91
冠心病9432.30
心力衰竭7224.74
高脂血症7224.74
心律失常4214.43
心瓣膜病62.06
心肌疾病20.69
合并其他系统慢性病(多选)内分泌代谢疾病19165.64
呼吸系统疾病4716.15
消化系统疾病3010.31
泌尿系统慢性病186.19
神经系统慢性病124.12
骨关节病82.75
恶性肿瘤41.37
合并慢性病数量1种8228.18
2种7325.09
3种6120.96
≥4种7525.77
日常生活活动能力无需依赖20971.82
轻度依赖4114.09
中度依赖3110.65
重度依赖103.44
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580960514924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in urban and rural areas(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=291)城市(n=156)农村(n=135)χ²值POR值95%CI
血压测量53(18.21)23(14.74)30(22.22)2.7170.0991.652[0.906,3.012]
用药指导42(14.43)23(14.74)19(14.07)0.0260.8710.947[0.491,1.826]
安全知识指导35(12.03)19(12.18)16(11.85)0.0070.9320.969[0.477,1.970]
健康体检33(11.34)13(8.33)20(14.81)3.0240.0821.913[0.913,4.010]
照护知识指导33(11.34)20(12.82)13(9.63)0.7330.3920.725[0.346,1.518]
活动指导31(10.65)15(9.62)16(11.85)0.3800.5371.264[0.600,2.663]
饮食指导25(8.59)13(8.33)12(8.89)0.0280.8661.073[0.472,2.439]
休息指导24(8.25)9(5.77)15(11.11)2.7290.0992.042[0.863,4.829]
血糖测量23(7.90)13(8.33)10(7.41)0.0850.7700.880[0.373,2.077]
定期访视21(7.22)12(7.69)9(6.67)0.1140.7360.857[0.350,2.101]
康复指导19(6.53)11(7.05)8(5.93)0.1500.6980.830[0.324,2.129]
看病送药13(4.47)8(5.13)5(3.70)0.3440.5570.712[0.227,2.229]
专项护理11(3.78)8(5.13)3(2.22)1.6800.2310.420[0.109,1.618]
), ArticleFig(id=1322929581052789613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

城乡老年心血管疾病病人上门护理需求情况比较(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=291)城市(n=156)农村(n=135)χ²值POR值95%CI
血压测量53(18.21)23(14.74)30(22.22)2.7170.0991.652[0.906,3.012]
用药指导42(14.43)23(14.74)19(14.07)0.0260.8710.947[0.491,1.826]
安全知识指导35(12.03)19(12.18)16(11.85)0.0070.9320.969[0.477,1.970]
健康体检33(11.34)13(8.33)20(14.81)3.0240.0821.913[0.913,4.010]
照护知识指导33(11.34)20(12.82)13(9.63)0.7330.3920.725[0.346,1.518]
活动指导31(10.65)15(9.62)16(11.85)0.3800.5371.264[0.600,2.663]
饮食指导25(8.59)13(8.33)12(8.89)0.0280.8661.073[0.472,2.439]
休息指导24(8.25)9(5.77)15(11.11)2.7290.0992.042[0.863,4.829]
血糖测量23(7.90)13(8.33)10(7.41)0.0850.7700.880[0.373,2.077]
定期访视21(7.22)12(7.69)9(6.67)0.1140.7360.857[0.350,2.101]
康复指导19(6.53)11(7.05)8(5.93)0.1500.6980.830[0.324,2.129]
看病送药13(4.47)8(5.13)5(3.70)0.3440.5570.712[0.227,2.229]
专项护理11(3.78)8(5.13)3(2.22)1.6800.2310.420[0.109,1.618]
), ArticleFig(id=1322929582696956782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Service preferences and willingness to pay of home care needs among elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
期望上门频次需要时144.81期望的服务机构二级及以上公立医院12442.61
每周2次93.09社区卫生中心5117.53
每周1次4214.43乡镇卫生院11238.49
每个月2次186.19民营机构41.37
每个月1次5217.87偏好付费模式按项目收费23079.04
每季度2次51.72按月固定收费299.97
每季度1次7525.77按次固定收费237.90
每半年1次248.25基础套餐+超出项目收费93.09
每年1次5217.87期望报销方式参照普通门诊报销14148.45
期望上门时间07:00-08:00124.12参照住院报销(按年)6622.68
08:01-10:007224.74每年固定额度报销4716.15
10:01-12:0011238.49参照特殊疾病门诊报销279.28
12:01-14:00299.97每年固定次数报销51.72
14:01-16:004114.09完全自费51.72
16:01-18:0093.09
18:01-20:00165.50
), ArticleFig(id=1322929582814397295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求偏好与支付意愿情况(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
期望上门频次需要时144.81期望的服务机构二级及以上公立医院12442.61
每周2次93.09社区卫生中心5117.53
每周1次4214.43乡镇卫生院11238.49
每个月2次186.19民营机构41.37
每个月1次5217.87偏好付费模式按项目收费23079.04
每季度2次51.72按月固定收费299.97
每季度1次7525.77按次固定收费237.90
每半年1次248.25基础套餐+超出项目收费93.09
每年1次5217.87期望报销方式参照普通门诊报销14148.45
期望上门时间07:00-08:00124.12参照住院报销(按年)6622.68
08:01-10:007224.74每年固定额度报销4716.15
10:01-12:0011238.49参照特殊疾病门诊报销279.28
12:01-14:00299.97每年固定次数报销51.72
14:01-16:004114.09完全自费51.72
16:01-18:0093.09
18:01-20:00165.50
), ArticleFig(id=1322929582902477680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Univariate analysis results of factors influencing demand for home care needs among elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数无需求(n=229)有需求(n=62)χ2值P
性别男153124(81.0)29(19.0)1.0640.319
女138105(76.1)33(23.9)
年龄60~70岁135112(83.0)23(17.0)2.7470.253
>70~80岁9571(74.7)24(25.3)
>80岁6146(75.4)15(24.6)
受教育程度小学及以下224179(79.9)45(20.1)2.7000.440
初中4737(78.7)10(21.3)
高中138(61.5)5(38.5)
专科及以上75(71.4)2(28.6)
婚姻状态已婚217176(81.1)41(18.9)2.9610.100
丧偶/离异/未婚7453(71.6)21(28.4)
日常生活活动能力无需/轻度依赖250203(81.2)47(18.8)6.6450.014
中度/重度依赖4126(63.4)15(36.6)
医疗保险类型城镇居民医疗保险186145(78.0)41(22.0)0.1670.920
城镇职工医疗保险9576(80.0)19(20.0)
其他/自费108(80.0)2(20.0)
居住地城市155130(83.9)25(16.1)5.5920.018
农村13699(72.8)37(27.2)
家庭人均月收入≤3 000元222182(82.0)40(18.0)6.0360.014
>3 000元6947(68.1)22(31.9)
合并慢性病数量<3种155130(83.9)25(16.1)9.2780.026
≥3种13699(72.8)37(27.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322929582969586545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求影响因素的单因素分析结果(n=291)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数无需求(n=229)有需求(n=62)χ2值P
性别男153124(81.0)29(19.0)1.0640.319
女138105(76.1)33(23.9)
年龄60~70岁135112(83.0)23(17.0)2.7470.253
>70~80岁9571(74.7)24(25.3)
>80岁6146(75.4)15(24.6)
受教育程度小学及以下224179(79.9)45(20.1)2.7000.440
初中4737(78.7)10(21.3)
高中138(61.5)5(38.5)
专科及以上75(71.4)2(28.6)
婚姻状态已婚217176(81.1)41(18.9)2.9610.100
丧偶/离异/未婚7453(71.6)21(28.4)
日常生活活动能力无需/轻度依赖250203(81.2)47(18.8)6.6450.014
中度/重度依赖4126(63.4)15(36.6)
医疗保险类型城镇居民医疗保险186145(78.0)41(22.0)0.1670.920
城镇职工医疗保险9576(80.0)19(20.0)
其他/自费108(80.0)2(20.0)
居住地城市155130(83.9)25(16.1)5.5920.018
农村13699(72.8)37(27.2)
家庭人均月收入≤3 000元222182(82.0)40(18.0)6.0360.014
>3 000元6947(68.1)22(31.9)
合并慢性病数量<3种155130(83.9)25(16.1)9.2780.026
≥3种13699(72.8)37(27.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322929583053472626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Variable assignment status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
上门护理服务需求无=0,有=1
居住地城市=0,农村=1
家庭人均月收入≤3 000元=0,>3 000元=1
日常生活活动能力无需/轻度依赖=0,中度/重度依赖=1
合并慢性病数量<3种=0,≥3种=1
主要照护者子女/保姆照护=0,自我/配偶照护=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322929583116387187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
上门护理服务需求无=0,有=1
居住地城市=0,农村=1
家庭人均月收入≤3 000元=0,>3 000元=1
日常生活活动能力无需/轻度依赖=0,中度/重度依赖=1
合并慢性病数量<3种=0,≥3种=1
主要照护者子女/保姆照护=0,自我/配偶照护=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322929583187690356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results of factors influencing demand for home care needs among elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误POR值95%CI
居住地1.1080.3390.0013.028[1.557,5.889]
日常生活活动能力0.8820.3910.0242.415[1.122,5.198]
家庭人均月收入1.2550.3640.0013.509[1.720,7.159]
合并慢性病数量0.5230.3780.1661.688[0.805,3.537]
主要照护者0.2770.3420.4171.319[0.675,2.578]
), ArticleFig(id=1322929583296742261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929576552301388, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误POR值95%CI
居住地1.1080.3390.0013.028[1.557,5.889]
日常生活活动能力0.8820.3910.0242.415[1.122,5.198]
家庭人均月收入1.2550.3640.0013.509[1.720,7.159]
合并慢性病数量0.5230.3780.1661.688[0.805,3.537]
主要照护者0.2770.3420.4171.319[0.675,2.578]
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德阳市老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现况及影响因素
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张同 , 阮林
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(15): 2659-2665
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (15) : 2659 -2665
德阳市老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现况及影响因素
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张同 , 阮林
作者信息
  • 1德阳市第二人民医院,四川 618000
通讯作者:
ZHANG Tong, E-mail:
张同,主管护师,本科,E-mail:
Status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city
Tong ZHANG , Lin RUAN
Affiliations
  • 1The Second People's Hospital of Deyang, Sichuan 618000 China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.011
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目的

探讨德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现状及影响因素,为优化区域护理服务策略提供科学依据。

方法

采用分层便利抽样法,选取2024年3月—8月德阳市291例居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人为研究对象,收集临床资料、上门护理服务利用现况、需求情况等,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选病人上门护理需求的影响因素。

结果

291例居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人中仅3.44%的病人曾有上门护理服务经历,总体需求率为21.31%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求呈现低利用率、低需求率、特定需求指向的特征,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求的影响因素。

老年人  /  慢性病  /  心血管疾病  /  上门护理  /  健康需求  /  影响因素  /  调查研究
Objective

To explore the status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(CVD) in Deyang city,and to provide scientific basis for optimizing regional nursing service strategies.

Methods

Using stratified convenience sampling method,a total of 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease living at home in Deyang city from March to August 2024 were selected as research subjects.Clinical data and the status quo and needs for home care were collected.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease.

Results

Among 291 elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease who stayed at home,only 3.44% had experience with home care services,with an overall demand rate of 21.31%.Logistic regression analysis results showed that place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability were the influencing factors of home care needs for elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city presents the characteristics of low utilization rate,low demand rate,and specific demand orientation.The main influencing factors for home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease are place of residence,per capita monthly income of the family,and daily living activity ability.

the elderly  /  chronic disease  /  cardiovascular disease  /  home care  /  health needs  /  influencing factors  /  investigation
张同, 阮林. 德阳市老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求现况及影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2659 -2665 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.011
Tong ZHANG, Lin RUAN. Status quo and influencing factors of home care needs of elderly patients with chronic cardiovascular disease in Deyang city[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2659 -2665 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.011
随着我国人口老龄化进程加速,慢性心血管疾病(CVD)已成为威胁居家老年人健康的首要问题,其患病率及死亡率持续攀升,且城乡差异显著[1-2]。老年人是慢性病病人最主要的人群[3],随着年龄的增长,老年人心理上更加关注自己的健康,期望能得到更多与自身健康相关的护理服务[4]。据统计,2023年德阳市作为西部经济水平中等城市,65岁以上人口占比达21.8%,心血管疾病死亡率居慢性病首位[5],居家老年心血管疾病病人的长期照护需求日益凸显[6]。国家“互联网+护理服务”试点政策推行以来,服务覆盖面逐步扩大,但西部城市受制于资源配置不均、文化多样性及地理可达性等因素,服务供给与需求匹配度仍有待提升。上门护理服务可有效解决行动不便、多病共存老年病人的就医难题,对改善其生活质量具有重要意义,本研究旨在探讨德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理服务利用现况及需求影响因素,为优化区域护理资源配置、完善服务模式与相关政策提供科学依据。
采用分层便利抽样法,依据德阳市行政区(区县)分层,在每层内各选取1所二级及以上综合医院和1所社区或乡镇卫生院作为调查点。采用便利抽样法,于2024年3月—8月在调查点选取291例居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人为研究对象。纳入标准:1)德阳市辖区常住居民(近期居家时间≥6个月);2)年龄≥60岁;3)经二级及以上医疗机构确诊为高血压、冠心病等心血管疾病;4)意识清楚,具备基本沟通能力;5)知情同意并自愿参与。排除标准:1)合并严重认知功能障碍或精神疾病;2)病情危重[如急性心肌梗死、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级Ⅳ级等];3)接受机构长期照护。研究开始前向所有研究对象充分解释研究目的、内容、方法及保密原则等,研究对象均知情同意,自愿参与本研究。本研究已通过德阳市第二人民医院医学伦理委员会审批(伦审批号DEYL-2022-47)。
该调查表由研究者自行设计,包括性别、年龄、主要疾病诊断等社会人口学资料及疾病特征。
在系统回顾相关文献的基础上,研究者自行设计上门护理需求调查问卷,问卷内容包括上门护理服务利用情况、上门护理服务需求项目和上门护理需求偏好与支付意愿。上门护理服务需求项目采用清单法列出常见上门护理项目,包括医疗服务类和健康指导类,医疗服务类包括血压测量、血糖测量、健康体检、定期访视、看病送药、专项护理(输液/采血、换药、导管护理等);健康指导类包括休息指导、饮食指导、活动指导、用药指导、安全知识指导、照护知识指导、康复指导(含器械使用)。上门护理需求偏好与支付意愿包括期望的服务机构、期望上门频次、期望上门时间、付费模式偏好、期望报销方式。该问卷经2名心血管专家、2名老年护理专家和1名社区护理专家进行了3轮修订,信效度良好。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验。定性资料采用例数、百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法,通过多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响因素,以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
291例老年心血管疾病病人年龄(72.4±9.0)岁,其余社会人口学资料及疾病特征见表1。
291例老年心血管疾病病人中,仅10例(3.44%)病人曾有上门护理服务经历,总体需求率为21.31%(62/291)。城市与农村病人上门护理需求较高的医疗服务项目为血压测量,较高的健康指导项目为用药指导,此外,城市老年人对照护知识指导的需求相对突出,农村老年人对健康体检的需求比例较高。见表2。
在需求服务偏好方面,42.61%(124/291)的病人期望由二级及以上公立医院提供服务,25.77%(75/291)的病人期望每季度服务1次,38.49%(112/291)的病人倾向在10:01-12:00上门,79.04%(230/291)的病人倾向按项目付费,48.45%(141/291)的病人希望参照普通门诊报销方式,见表3。
结果显示,不同居住地、家庭人均月收入、合并慢性病数量、日常生活活动能力的老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求不同(P<0.05)。详见表4。
以是否有上门护理需求为因变量,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量(居住地、家庭人均月收入、合并慢性病数量、日常生活活动能力)及专业上认为重要的变量(主要照护者)作为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。自变量赋值方式见表5。结果显示,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求的独立影响因素(P<0.05),详见表6。
本研究结果显示,德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人上门护理需求呈现低需求率、高针对性项目需求、显著城乡分异的特征,研究中老人上门护理需求率较低,这与代莉莉等[7]研究结果一致,但低于部分发达地区或对心力衰竭等特定病人的研究[8-9],反映了西部中等城市普通居家老年慢性病病人的现实状况。原因可能与上门护理体验感低、病人日常生活活动能力强、服务认知偏差与信息壁垒、经济抑制效应及疾病特性与健康观念有关。1)上门护理体验感低:德阳市上门护理普及较晚,大多医疗机构目前暂未有效开展上门护理服务,这与陈利颖等[10]研究结果一致,本研究结果中仅3.44%病人曾有上门护理服务经历也佐证了这一点。2)日常生活活动能力强:本研究中85.91%的老年心血管疾病病人为日常生活活动能力无需依赖和轻度依赖者,对专业上门服务的依赖性相对较低。3)服务认知偏差与信息壁垒:部分病人对上门护理的认知有限,这与国内多项研究[11-14]结果一致。4)经济抑制效应:高感知费用和报销难的现实极大抑制了潜在需求的表达,尤其在中低收入群体中,凸显了支付能力不足对需求释放的关键制约。5)疾病特性与健康观念:本研究中的老年心血管疾病病人以高血压、冠心病等相对稳定的心血管疾病为主,病人症状控制尚可,日常生活受影响小,加之“忍一忍”的传统观念,降低了主动寻求专业上门服务的意愿。本研究结果显示,城乡老年心血管疾病病人的上门护理需求有差异,反映区域发展的不平衡、农村地区医疗资源可及性差、农村留守老人照护支持薄弱共同推高了其需求率,而城市病人在资源可及性、家庭支持方面的相对优势降低了其需求表达的紧迫性。
本研究结果显示,居住地、家庭人均月收入、日常生活活动能力是老年心血管疾病病人上门护理服务需求的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。
本研究结果显示,农村病人的上门护理需求高于城市病人,这可能与西部中等城市医疗资源配置的城乡差异密切相关。德阳市农村地区医疗机构密度低、专业护理人员匮乏,且老年病人多为留守状态,家庭照护支持薄弱,导致其对上门护理的依赖性更强。相比之下,城市病人可通过社区卫生服务中心、家庭医生签约等渠道获取基础医疗服务,在一定程度上降低了对上门护理的迫切需求。此外,农村地区交通不便、信息闭塞,病人对上门护理等新型模式的知晓率低,进一步加剧了需求与供给的错配。这提示需加强农村地区护理资源下沉[15],建立以乡镇卫生院/社区卫生服务中心为核心的农村上门服务体系,推广“移动护理车”作为服务载体[16],采用“定期巡诊+按需上门”服务模式。鼓励二级及以上医院与乡镇卫生院建立紧密型医共体,主动将优质的护理资源定期下沉到社区[17-19],立足于人群多样化、个性化、定制化的健康需求,通过流动护理站、远程指导等方式提升农村护理服务的专业支撑能力,形成医院-社区-家庭合作型的同质化老年病人“互联网+护理服务”[12,20-21],缩小城乡服务差距,最大限度地适应和满足人群多样化的健康需求。
经济水平直接影响老年慢性病病人对上门护理服务的需求表达,个人收入水平与老人保健水平呈正相关,老年人的收入也会制约着专业护理上门服务的需求[22]。家庭人均月收入>3 000元的病人需求率高于月收入≤3 000元的病人,反映出经济支付能力是制约上门护理需求释放的关键因素[23-24]。我国“互联网+护理服务”起步较晚且发展缓慢[25-26],德阳市上门护理服务费用未能纳入医保报销范围[27],中低收入群体往往因费用顾虑抑制需求,高收入病人对健康管理的重视程度更高,更易接受付费护理服务,更倾向通过专业上门服务预防疾病恶化。本研究中病人医保类型与需求之间关系不密切的原因可能为医疗保险制度尚不健全[28],区域内所有医保类型及商业保险均未对上门护理实现报销。因此,完善支付机制,优先将需求率高的基础性、预防性项目纳入核心服务包,将符合条件的上门护理服务项目纳入医保支付范围[29-32],报销政策设计中大多数基础项目可参照普通门诊统筹,对于病情较重、符合特定标准的病人,可参照特殊疾病门诊或住院报销政策,提高报销比例和额度,减轻病人负担[14,33]。同时积极推动商业保险公司开发针对居家护理、长期护理的补充保险产品,将上门护理纳入长期护理保险保障范围、推出梯度付费套餐,可有效提升中低收入群体的服务可及性。
居家失能老年人是上门护理的重点目标人群[34],病人日常生活活动能力与护理需求呈正相关性,自理能力越低,需求越高,本研究中,中度/重度依赖病人上门护理的需求率高于无需/轻度依赖者,与黄立群等[35-36]研究结果一致。合并疾病数量越多,对生活活动能力的影响越大,生活活动能力低的病人因行动受限,难以自主前往医院,且照护者多为家属,缺乏专业技能,易导致并发症风险升高。本研究中合并疾病数量与上门护理需求相关性不显著的原因可能为样本量相对较小。这提示需针对病人日常生活活动能力程度分层设计服务包,在资源有限的基础上,优先考虑为自理能力中度/重度依赖病人提供上门护理[37],开展定期随访评估、药品配送、急救转运、伤口造口护理、导管维护等更专业化、技术含量较高的项目。对自理能力较高的病人,优先提供高频、低成本、需求集中的项目,如血压/血糖监测、基础用药指导、安全与跌倒预防指导、基础照护知识宣教等。
本研究通过对德阳市居家老年慢性心血管疾病病人的调查,揭示了其上门护理服务利用与需求总体呈现服务使用率低、低水平需求率、特定需求指向的特征。病人上门护理需求受到居住地、家庭经济状况及日常生活活动能力3个因素的影响。基于此,农村地区病人、日常生活活动能力中度/重度依赖病人以及相对高收入病人被识别为当前阶段上门护理服务的重点目标人群。建议优化服务空间布局与供给模式,构建以乡镇卫生院及社区卫生服务中心等基层医疗机构为核心枢纽、城市二级及以上医院为技术支撑的上门护理服务体系,重点推广“移动护理车”作为服务载体,采用“定期区域巡诊为主、精准按需上门为辅”的灵活服务模式,提高覆盖率。在上门护理项目上,依据病人日常生活活动能力依赖程度科学设计分层服务包,优先将需求率高、成本效益好的基础护理与预防性干预项目纳入“核心服务包”。积极推动将核心服务包项目纳入基本医疗保险报销范围,引导商业保险公司开发覆盖上门护理服务的居家护理保险产品,构建多层次支付保障体系。最后,开展多元化、精准化的宣传教育,提升居民对“互联网+护理”的知晓度与理解度,引导形成科学、合理的服务需求认知与利用习惯,促进服务可及性与实际需求的有效匹配。本研究对象局限于四川省德阳市,样本量相对有限,且采用分层便利抽样法,可能存在选择偏倚。

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2026年第40卷第15期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.011
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-06
  • 修回日期:2026-05-08
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    1德阳市第二人民医院,四川 618000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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