Article(id=1322929545686426176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=1778169600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340582534, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340582534, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340582534, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340582534, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2629, endPage=2636, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929547406090818, articleId=1322929545686426176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction of a prediction model for the risk of hospital-acquired infections after Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a Nomogram prediction model for the risk of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection,so as to enable the early identification of high-risk individuals.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 412 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical treatment at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2019 to December 2023.LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.A Nomogram prediction model for hospital-acquired infection risk was subsequently constructed.The model's performance was evaluated using the concordance index and bootstrap-corrected C-index,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curves,decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve analysis.

Results

Postoperative hospital-acquired infections occurred in 61 of the 412 patients(14.81%).Logistic regression analysis revealed that pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia were significant risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.The Nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.837(95%CI 0.773-0.901),with a C-index of 0.837 and a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.829.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual observations. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve analysis indicated favorable clinical utility and net benefit.

Conclusions

Pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia are significant predictors of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection.The Nomogram prediction model based on these variables could help clinical workers identify high-risk patients early,and take timely control measures to reduce infection risk.

, authors=Xujing WANG1, Shuhui WANG2, 3, Jing ZHENG1, Guixia LI1, Shanshan LYU1, authorsList=Xujing WANG, Shuhui WANG, Jing ZHENG, Guixia LI, Shanshan LYU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shanshan LYU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929551835275857, articleId=1322929545686426176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险预测模型的构建, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险的Nomogram预测模型,以早期识别医院感染高风险病人。

方法

回顾性收集山东大学齐鲁医院2019年1月—2023年12月行手术治疗的412例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人相关临床资料,采用LASSO回归及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染的影响因素,构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险列线图预测模型,通过C-指数及校正C-指数、受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线、临床决策曲线、临床影响曲线评价模型效能。

结果

412例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人中61例发生术后医院感染,感染发生率为14.81%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险的影响因素。列线图预测模型的AUC为0.837[95%CI(0.773,0.901)],C-指数为0.837,校正后C-指数为0.829,校准曲线显示具有较好的内部一致性,临床决策曲线及临床影响曲线显示临床有效性较好。

结论

胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染的影响因素,基于上述变量构建的Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险列线图预测模型可帮助临床工作者早期识别高风险病人,及时采取感染控制措施降低病人术后感染风险。

, authors=王续晶1, 王书会2, 3, 郑静1, 李桂霞1, 吕珊珊1, *, *, authorsList=王续晶, 王书会, 郑静, 李桂霞, 吕珊珊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吕珊珊, authorNote=

王续晶,护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
吕珊珊,E-mail:
LYU Shanshan, E-mail:
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refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wiedermann C J.Hypoalbuminemia as surrogate and culprit of infections[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2021,22(9):4496., articleTitle=Hypoalbuminemia as surrogate and culprit of infections, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929566372733622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=7/8, pageStart=1466, pageEnd=1475, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Yao X, Li N, Lu R R, journalName=Journal of Clinical Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao X,Li N,Lu R R,et al.Development of a nomogram for predicting nosocomial infections among patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery[J].Journal of Clinical Nursing,2023,32(7/8):1466-1475., articleTitle=Development of a nomogram for predicting nosocomial infections among patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929566586643127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=361, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=郭磊磊, 秦红英, 武珍珍, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭磊磊,秦红英,武珍珍,等.创伤病人术后多重耐药菌医院感染风险模型的构建[J].护理研究,2025,39(3):361-367., articleTitle=创伤病人术后多重耐药菌医院感染风险模型的构建, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929552313426514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929552334398035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, companyId=1322929552313426514, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 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language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Convergence path diagram of LASSO regression coefficients, figureFileSmall=5IwiuxUCBHV6n7+fT7bM3Q==, figureFileBig=1RbeDzixzRc69gDHPJXkvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557044601475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图1, caption=LASSO回归系数收敛路径图, figureFileSmall=5IwiuxUCBHV6n7+fT7bM3Q==, figureFileBig=1RbeDzixzRc69gDHPJXkvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557224956548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Ten fold cross validation diagram, figureFileSmall=Lu1NB/mcwGBPXpdI6CouaA==, figureFileBig=qjQOz/gB5ywlMxQI3gJ/JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557350785669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图2, caption=十折交叉验证图, figureFileSmall=Lu1NB/mcwGBPXpdI6CouaA==, figureFileBig=qjQOz/gB5ywlMxQI3gJ/JA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557430477446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Nomogram of risk prediction model for hospital-acquired infections in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, figureFileSmall=EjC4bLQ5DF1GYGFUvAhYfQ==, figureFileBig=t6q52lIxI3LK+E6SAksQzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557547917959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染的风险预测模型列线图, figureFileSmall=EjC4bLQ5DF1GYGFUvAhYfQ==, figureFileBig=t6q52lIxI3LK+E6SAksQzA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557644386953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=ROC curve of the risk prediction model for hospital-acquired infections in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, figureFileSmall=ql9wo3qkZFmtjcnP4x7QsA==, figureFileBig=6zltBgoMlJ497SrXAeqtOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557715690122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图4, caption=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型的ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=ql9wo3qkZFmtjcnP4x7QsA==, figureFileBig=6zltBgoMlJ497SrXAeqtOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557791187595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Calibration curve of the risk prediction model for hospital-acquired infections in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, figureFileSmall=Z9kcpqQAQvj6CK7RuHS51Q==, figureFileBig=qFo11a979wcIprYgn7uv/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557912822412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图5, caption=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型的校准曲线, figureFileSmall=Z9kcpqQAQvj6CK7RuHS51Q==, figureFileBig=qFo11a979wcIprYgn7uv/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929557996708493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Clinical decision curve of the risk prediction model for hospital-acquired infections in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, figureFileSmall=mRdnpJpnuSpKTBhH7HGsKw==, figureFileBig=EEdMM+Elg9lp3cKkpiFdJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929558072205966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型的临床决策曲线, figureFileSmall=mRdnpJpnuSpKTBhH7HGsKw==, figureFileBig=EEdMM+Elg9lp3cKkpiFdJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929558139314831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Clinical impact curve of the risk prediction model for hospital-acquired infections in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection, figureFileSmall=ciHNth6B8WYjFUA9wFB0NA==, figureFileBig=P18Iw9wpyw53S6KhU6Uzrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929558214812304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=图7, caption=Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型的临床影响曲线, figureFileSmall=ciHNth6B8WYjFUA9wFB0NA==, figureFileBig=P18Iw9wpyw53S6KhU6Uzrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929558332252817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis results of hospital-acquired infection influencing factors in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类感染组(n=61)非感染组(n=351)统计值P
年龄(岁)55.31±14.5154.64±12.26t=3.8180.051
性别(例)女19121χ2=0.2560.613
男42230
入院途径(例)门诊18172χ2=7.9480.005
急诊43179
吸烟(例)是21110χ2=0.2280.633
否40241
饮酒(例)是26146χ2=0.0230.881
否35205
高血压(例)有44244χ2=0.1690.681
无17107
糖尿病(例)有2121.000①
无59339
肾功能不全(例)有67χ2=8.0490.005
无55344
心脏瓣膜病(例)有471χ2=6.5230.011
无57280
NYHA心功能分级(例)<Ⅲ级518χ2=0.4370.508
≥Ⅲ级56333
ASA分级(例)<Ⅲ级031.000①
≥Ⅲ级61348
手术时间(例)<402 min10135χ2=11.0960.001
≥402 min51216
主动脉阻断时间(例)<123 min15142χ2=5.5460.019
≥123 min46209
体外循环时间(例)<185 min10121χ2=7.8330.005
≥185 min51230
深低温停循环(例)是59278χ2=10.712<0.001
否273
深低温停循环时间(例)<25 min20190χ2=9.4740.002
≥25 min41161
使用预防性抗生素(例)是58338χ2=0.0090.925
否313
术后输血(例)是47201χ2=8.4890.004
否14150
重症监护室留置时间(例)<7 d14238χ2=44.019<0.001
≥7 d47113
机械通气时间(例)<2.5 d10223χ2=46.999<0.001
≥2.5 d51128
胸腔积液(例)有40129χ2=17.843<0.001
无21222
急性肾损伤(例)有1615χ2=32.918<0.001
无45336
低蛋白血症(例)有107χ2=23.719<0.001
无51344
气管切开(例)有520.001①
无56349
留置胃管(例)是4088χ2=39.808<0.001
否21263
术后连续肾脏替代治疗(例)是815χ2=6.1210.013
否53336
深静脉置管时间(例)<10 d18198χ2=15.080<0.001
≥10 d43153
术后第2天最高体温(例)<37.5 ℃22212χ2=12.540<0.001
≥37.5 ℃39139
术后第3天最高体温(例)<37.0 ℃15124χ2=2.7260.099
≥37.0 ℃46226
术前住院时间(d)1(1,2)2(1,4)Z=-2.1350.033
术前白细胞(×109/L)10.43(8.38,13.09)9.04(6.71,12.00)Z=-2.4440.015
术前血红蛋白(g/L)122(105,134)125(111,138)Z=-1.5090.131
术前血小板计数(×109/L)152(127,218)175(134,210)Z=-0.6190.536
术前白蛋白计数(g/L)38.60(34.40,41.05)38.91(35.70,41.90)Z=-0.9980.318
术前血肌酐(μmol/L)77.0(65.5,122.5)75.0(61.0,94.0)Z=-1.3550.175
体质指数(kg/m2)25.06(22.44,27.90)25.48(22.86,27.70)Z=-0.4960.620
), ArticleFig(id=1322929558462276242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人医院感染影响因素的单因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类感染组(n=61)非感染组(n=351)统计值P
年龄(岁)55.31±14.5154.64±12.26t=3.8180.051
性别(例)女19121χ2=0.2560.613
男42230
入院途径(例)门诊18172χ2=7.9480.005
急诊43179
吸烟(例)是21110χ2=0.2280.633
否40241
饮酒(例)是26146χ2=0.0230.881
否35205
高血压(例)有44244χ2=0.1690.681
无17107
糖尿病(例)有2121.000①
无59339
肾功能不全(例)有67χ2=8.0490.005
无55344
心脏瓣膜病(例)有471χ2=6.5230.011
无57280
NYHA心功能分级(例)<Ⅲ级518χ2=0.4370.508
≥Ⅲ级56333
ASA分级(例)<Ⅲ级031.000①
≥Ⅲ级61348
手术时间(例)<402 min10135χ2=11.0960.001
≥402 min51216
主动脉阻断时间(例)<123 min15142χ2=5.5460.019
≥123 min46209
体外循环时间(例)<185 min10121χ2=7.8330.005
≥185 min51230
深低温停循环(例)是59278χ2=10.712<0.001
否273
深低温停循环时间(例)<25 min20190χ2=9.4740.002
≥25 min41161
使用预防性抗生素(例)是58338χ2=0.0090.925
否313
术后输血(例)是47201χ2=8.4890.004
否14150
重症监护室留置时间(例)<7 d14238χ2=44.019<0.001
≥7 d47113
机械通气时间(例)<2.5 d10223χ2=46.999<0.001
≥2.5 d51128
胸腔积液(例)有40129χ2=17.843<0.001
无21222
急性肾损伤(例)有1615χ2=32.918<0.001
无45336
低蛋白血症(例)有107χ2=23.719<0.001
无51344
气管切开(例)有520.001①
无56349
留置胃管(例)是4088χ2=39.808<0.001
否21263
术后连续肾脏替代治疗(例)是815χ2=6.1210.013
否53336
深静脉置管时间(例)<10 d18198χ2=15.080<0.001
≥10 d43153
术后第2天最高体温(例)<37.5 ℃22212χ2=12.540<0.001
≥37.5 ℃39139
术后第3天最高体温(例)<37.0 ℃15124χ2=2.7260.099
≥37.0 ℃46226
术前住院时间(d)1(1,2)2(1,4)Z=-2.1350.033
术前白细胞(×109/L)10.43(8.38,13.09)9.04(6.71,12.00)Z=-2.4440.015
术前血红蛋白(g/L)122(105,134)125(111,138)Z=-1.5090.131
术前血小板计数(×109/L)152(127,218)175(134,210)Z=-0.6190.536
术前白蛋白计数(g/L)38.60(34.40,41.05)38.91(35.70,41.90)Z=-0.9980.318
术前血肌酐(μmol/L)77.0(65.5,122.5)75.0(61.0,94.0)Z=-1.3550.175
体质指数(kg/m2)25.06(22.44,27.90)25.48(22.86,27.70)Z=-0.4960.620
), ArticleFig(id=1322929558558745235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
胸腔积液无=0,有=1
留置胃管否=0,是=1
重症监护室留置时间<7 d=0,≥7 d=1
机械通气时间<2.5 d=0,≥2.5 d=1
急性肾损伤无=0,有=1
低蛋白血症无=0,有=1
发生医院感染否=0,是=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322929558655214228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
胸腔积液无=0,有=1
留置胃管否=0,是=1
重症监护室留置时间<7 d=0,≥7 d=1
机械通气时间<2.5 d=0,≥2.5 d=1
急性肾损伤无=0,有=1
低蛋白血症无=0,有=1
发生医院感染否=0,是=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322929558730711701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis results of hospital-acquired infection influencing factors in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
胸腔积液1.2190.33313.417<0.0013.383[1.762,6.494]
留置胃管0.8720.3605.8600.0152.392[1.181,4.848]
重症监护室留置时间1.4430.37314.975<0.0014.235[2.039,8.798]
机械通气时间0.9370.4384.5720.0332.552[1.081,6.023]
低蛋白血症1.4260.6055.5620.0184.162[1.272,13.616]
常量-4.2360.42499.706<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929560395850390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929545686426176, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人医院感染影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
胸腔积液1.2190.33313.417<0.0013.383[1.762,6.494]
留置胃管0.8720.3605.8600.0152.392[1.181,4.848]
重症监护室留置时间1.4430.37314.975<0.0014.235[2.039,8.798]
机械通气时间0.9370.4384.5720.0332.552[1.081,6.023]
低蛋白血症1.4260.6055.5620.0184.162[1.272,13.616]
常量-4.2360.42499.706<0.001
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Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险预测模型的构建
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王续晶 1 , 王书会 2, 3 , 郑静 1 , 李桂霞 1 , 吕珊珊 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(15): 2629-2636
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (15) : 2629 -2636
Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险预测模型的构建
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王续晶1, 王书会2, 3, 郑静1, 李桂霞1, 吕珊珊1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山东第一医科大学附属省立医院,山东 250021
  • 2山东大学齐鲁医院
  • 3山东大学护理与康复学院
通讯作者:
吕珊珊,E-mail:
LYU Shanshan, E-mail:
作者简介:

王续晶,护师,硕士研究生

Construction of a prediction model for the risk of hospital-acquired infections after Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery
Xujing WANG1, Shuhui WANG2, 3, Jing ZHENG1, Guixia LI1, Shanshan LYU1
Affiliations
  • 1Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong 250021 China
  • 2Qilu Hospital, Shandong University
  • 3School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.007
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目的

构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险的Nomogram预测模型,以早期识别医院感染高风险病人。

方法

回顾性收集山东大学齐鲁医院2019年1月—2023年12月行手术治疗的412例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人相关临床资料,采用LASSO回归及多因素Logistic回归分析筛选Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染的影响因素,构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险列线图预测模型,通过C-指数及校正C-指数、受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线、临床决策曲线、临床影响曲线评价模型效能。

结果

412例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人中61例发生术后医院感染,感染发生率为14.81%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险的影响因素。列线图预测模型的AUC为0.837[95%CI(0.773,0.901)],C-指数为0.837,校正后C-指数为0.829,校准曲线显示具有较好的内部一致性,临床决策曲线及临床影响曲线显示临床有效性较好。

结论

胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染的影响因素,基于上述变量构建的Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险列线图预测模型可帮助临床工作者早期识别高风险病人,及时采取感染控制措施降低病人术后感染风险。

Stanford A型主动脉夹层  /  医院感染  /  影响因素  /  预测模型  /  列线图
Objective

To construct a Nomogram prediction model for the risk of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection,so as to enable the early identification of high-risk individuals.

Methods

Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 412 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection who underwent surgical treatment at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2019 to December 2023.LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.A Nomogram prediction model for hospital-acquired infection risk was subsequently constructed.The model's performance was evaluated using the concordance index and bootstrap-corrected C-index,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curves,decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve analysis.

Results

Postoperative hospital-acquired infections occurred in 61 of the 412 patients(14.81%).Logistic regression analysis revealed that pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia were significant risk factors for postoperative hospital-acquired infection.The Nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.837(95%CI 0.773-0.901),with a C-index of 0.837 and a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.829.The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted probabilities and actual observations. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve analysis indicated favorable clinical utility and net benefit.

Conclusions

Pleural effusion,indwelling nasogastric tube,length of ICU stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and hypoalbuminemia are significant predictors of postoperative hospital-acquired infection in patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection.The Nomogram prediction model based on these variables could help clinical workers identify high-risk patients early,and take timely control measures to reduce infection risk.

Stanford type A aortic dissection  /  hospital-acquired infection  /  influencing factors  /  predictive model  /  Nomogram
王续晶, 王书会, 郑静, 李桂霞, 吕珊珊. Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染风险预测模型的构建. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2629 -2636 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.007
Xujing WANG, Shuhui WANG, Jing ZHENG, Guixia LI, Shanshan LYU. Construction of a prediction model for the risk of hospital-acquired infections after Stanford type A aortic dissection surgery[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2629 -2636 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.007
Stanford A型主动脉夹层是进展迅速,严重危及病人生命的心脏大血管疾病[1]。近年来,随着临床诊疗技术及医生对此类疾病认知的提高,主动脉夹层诊出率不断增高,已成为威胁人类生命安全的重要心血管疾病[2-3]。手术仍是目前挽救Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人生命的主要方式,未采取手术的病人每小时死亡风险可增加1%,在3个月内死亡率约为90%[4-6]。当前针对Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人的治疗仍以大型开放手术为主,由于术中操作的高度复杂性,对肺功能影响较大,且术后机体对手术创伤的应激反应较强,导致病人术后易并发医院感染等严重并发症[7]。相关研究显示,术后感染会造成经济和社会资源的严重损失,导致病人预后不良甚至死亡,并导致医患纠纷的发生[8-9]。因此,采取有效措施预防术后感染的发生有利于病人治疗及医疗机构的正常运转。临床风险预测模型基于挖掘真实世界数据构建,相关研究表明,其在早期识别病人临床结局事件中具有良好效能,列线图(Nomogram)可实现对病人结局的个体化风险预测评分,对早期预防病人术后感染具有重要意义[10-11]。因此,本研究旨在构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后病人医院感染风险列线图预测模型,以期为预防主动脉夹层术后感染的发生提供参考。
回顾性收集2019年1月—2023年12月山东大学齐鲁医院行手术治疗的412例Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人的相关资料,其中男272例,女140例,年龄(54.74±12.61)岁。纳入标准:1)经磁共振成像(MRI)或CT等检查临床确诊为Stanford A型主动脉夹层;2)行手术治疗;3)相关临床资料无缺失;4)年龄≥18岁。排除标准:1)住院时间<48 h;2)术前存在医院感染的病人;3)创伤性夹层、主动脉壁间血肿或溃疡行腔内治疗病人;4)合并其他系统重大疾病者。本研究已获得山东大学护理与康复学院伦理委员会审批(批号:2022-R-151)。
借助医院信息系统及医院感染监测系统,采用研究团队自行编制的主动脉夹层术后医院感染目标监测调查表收集病人相关临床资料,包括病人术前一般资料、术中资料及术后相关资料。1)病人术前一般资料:年龄、性别、入院途径、是否吸烟饮酒(根据病历资料中既往病史明确)、糖尿病(既往确诊或本次住院确诊)、高血压(既往或本次住院确诊)、肾功能不全[肾小球滤过率<90 mL/(min·1.73 m²)]、心脏瓣膜病(经超声心动图确诊[12])、纽约心脏协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能分级、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级、术前住院时间、术前白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、术前血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、术前血肌酐、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)等;2)术中资料:手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、深低温停循环时间、使用预防性抗生素等;3)术后相关资料:术后输血、重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)留置时间、机械通气时间、胸腔积液(经胸部CT或超声检查明确有胸腔积液,由超声引导下胸腔穿刺确诊[13])、急性肾损伤[48 h内血肌酐上升≥26.52 μmol/L;过去7 d内血肌酐≥基线的1.5倍、尿量<0.5 mL/(kg·h)[14]]、低蛋白血症(血清白蛋白<35 g/L[15])、气管切开、留置胃管、术后连续肾脏替代治疗、深静脉置管时间、术后第2天及第3天最高体温。本研究以是否发生术后医院感染为结局指标,临床资料均收集于结局事件发生之前,资料收集者均经过统一培训,数据由双人核对录入。
医院感染以《医院感染诊断标准(试行)》[16]为依据,并结合病人临床症状、体征、检查结果及实验室检查结果等确诊。本研究临床结局感染类型包括下呼吸道感染(痰培养阳性或X胸片显示肺部因感染出现炎性病变)、血流感染(血培养或导管尖端培养阳性)、尿路感染(留置导尿者尿培养阳性)及多部位感染(同时发生2种及以上上述感染类型)。纳入的阳性病例均经由临床医生、感染控制工作者及研究者明确。
采用SPSS 26.0、R 4.1.3软件进行数据分析,定性资料采用例数、百分比(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法;符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述,采用t检验;不符合正态分布的定量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]描述,采用Mann-Whitney秩和检验。通过受试者工作特点(ROC)曲线中约登(Youden)指数确定各变量的最佳临界值。为解决变量间多重共线性问题,将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量作为自变量纳入LASSO回归分析,并采用十折交叉验证以获取最优模型。将LASSO回归筛选出的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,采用向前LR法构建模型,并通过R软件完成列线图预测模型的绘制。模型内部验证采用ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)、C-指数及校正后C-指数验证区分度,校准曲线评价准确度,临床决策曲线(clinical decision curve,DCA)及临床影响曲线(clinical impact curve,CIC)评价临床有效性。
412例病人中,61例发生医院感染,发生率为14.81%,其中下呼吸道感染43例、血流感染2例、尿路感染1例、多部位感染15例,其中下呼吸道感染合并血流感染11例。
感染组病人年龄(55.31±14.51)岁;男42例,女19例;非感染组病人年龄(54.64±12.26)岁;男230例,女121例。单因素分析结果显示,两组入院途径、肾功能不全、心脏瓣膜病、手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、深低温停循环、深低温停循环时间、术后输血、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、胸腔积液、急性肾损伤、低蛋白血症、气管切开、留置胃管、术后连续肾脏替代治疗、深静脉置管时间、术后第2天最高体温、术前白细胞、术前住院时间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表1。
本研究采用LASSO回归检验纳入21个相关临床变量(入院途径、肾功能不全、心脏瓣膜病、手术时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、深低温停循环、深低温停循环时间、术后输血、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、胸腔积液、急性肾损伤、低蛋白血症、气管切开、留置胃管、术后连续肾脏替代治疗、深静脉置管时间、术后第2天最高体温、术前白细胞计数、术前住院时间)的共线性,最佳Lambda值选择模型误差最小时对应的Lambda.lse(0.060 301 51),此时共6个变量进入模型,分别为胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、急性肾损伤、低蛋白血症,详见图1、图2。
以Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人是否发生医院感染作为因变量,将LASSO法筛选的6个变量(胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、急性肾损伤、低蛋白血症)作为自变量进行Logistic回归,变量赋值详见表2。结果显示,胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染的影响因素,详见表3。
基于Logistic回归分析结果(胸腔积液、留置胃管、重症监护室留置时间、机械通气时间、低蛋白血症)构建Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染的风险预测模型列线图,详见图3。
Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染的风险预测模型C-指数为0.837,校正后C-指数为0.829,模型AUC为0.837[95%CI(0.773,0.901)],显示区分度良好,详见图4;校准曲线显示预测概率与实际概率接近,模型具有良好的准确度,详见图5;临床决策曲线及临床影响曲线均显示模型具有良好的临床有效性,详见图6、图7。
外科手术是治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人的主要方式,手术技术在近年已逐渐成熟,但受术中操作的复杂性等诸多因素的影响,医院感染仍是术后常见并发症,严重影响着病人预后及生命安全[17]。相关研究表明,术后院内感染的病人死亡风险较未感染者可增加3倍[11]。因此,构建风险预测模型,早期预防病人术后感染的发生对提升医疗质量、确保病人安全具有重要意义。
本研究结果显示,Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染率为14.81%,低于既往研究[18-19],但仍处于较高水平。本研究感染病人以下呼吸道感染最常见,其次为合并血流感染,与既往研究结果[19-20]相似。分析原因可能为:1)Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人多为急诊入院,术前戒烟等呼吸道准备不充分;2)开胸手术创伤对肺功能影响较大,病人术后机械通气时间长,肺康复锻炼不足及排痰无力;3)一般状态差,重症监护室留置时间长,深静脉置管、引流管等管路留置时间长,护理静脉给药及更换输液通路等操作次数较多导致污染及逆行性感染风险增高;4)术后易并发胸腔积液等肺部并发症,有创操作相对较多等[20-22]。
既往研究结果显示,机械通气时间会增加Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后病人肺部感染的易感性,术后72 h内拔除气管插管的病人预后相对较好[23],与本研究结果一致。本研究结果显示,机械通气时间≥60 h的病人术后感染风险可增加2.5倍,可能与机械通气会减弱病人自身呼吸道纤毛运动,导致肺内分泌物聚集,且气管插管可导致呼吸道黏膜损伤,长期机械通气会增加吸痰等侵入性护理操作的概率,增高病人感染风险有关。因此,临床工作者对此类病人应积极进行肺部治疗,早期尝试脱机拔管,缩短机械通气时间,降低感染风险。
胸腔积液是Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后常见的并发症,发生率可达10.5%[24]。研究表明,手术创伤会提升病人全身炎性因子水平,当肺内炎性因子增加时可导致肺部毛细血管内皮水肿,分泌增加,导致通气灌注比异常、肺气流量减少,出现胸腔积液[25],而这会进一步导致病人肺功能下降,加重低氧血症,进一步增高术后感染的风险。本研究结果显示,并发胸腔积液的Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后病人感染风险增高,Yang等[26]研究结果显示,并发胸腔积液会增加Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人的术后死亡率。因此,临床工作中应及时评估病人肺部情况,针对已发生胸腔积液的病人及时采取胸腔穿刺术等措施进行处理,进行相关操作时应保证绝对无菌,护理人员需重视预防引流管脱出,加强呼吸功能训练。
本研究结果显示,重症监护室留置时间是Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人术后医院感染的独立预测因子,已在既往研究[19,27]中得到证实。重症监护室环境特殊,易产生耐药菌定植,且留置重症监护室期间病人病情较重,易感染性较高[28]。因此,可依据加速康复理念,拔除气管插管后进行早期心脏康复锻炼,缩短病人重症监护室留置时间,降低感染风险。
本研究结果中,低蛋白血症与Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后病人医院感染独立相关。低蛋白血症是机体炎性因子增加导致白蛋白分解速度超过合成水平所发生的术后并发症,与病人术后恢复较差及术后继发性感染的发生存在着一定的相关性,已被证实是术后艰难梭菌感染死亡的独立危险因素[29]。临床工作中应密切关注病人血清白蛋白水平,可采取人血白蛋白输注等治疗手段提高病人抗感染能力,促进病人康复。
留置胃管是保证术后危重病人营养供给的主要临床手段之一。本研究结果发现,留置胃管是Stanford A型主动脉夹层术后医院感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。留置胃管会增高病人胃内容物反流风险,且留置过程可能会造成定植菌移位,增加肺部感染风险[30]。因此,护理人员对此类病人应重视胃管留置的位置、时间等,病人病情及操作条件允许时,可采取鼻肠管留置,降低反流误吸及感染风险。
LASSO回归可减少各因子间的共线性问题,提升模型拟合度[31]。本研究基于LASSO回归筛选出6个独立风险因子,构建列线图预测模型,可将风险因子与结局变量之间的函数关系用简单图形表示,便于临床医护人员理解及应用,本研究构建的Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型的AUC为0.837,内部验证结果良好,有助于协助相关工作人员进行医院感染高危病人的早期识别,尽早落实防控措施,降低感染发生率。
本研究所构建的Stanford A型主动脉夹层病人发生医院感染风险预测模型列线图具有较好的效能及临床准确性,但本研究为单中心回顾性研究,收集资料均为客观临床资料,后续仍需开展多中心的前瞻性研究,并展开外部验证,进一步完善模型。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.007
  • 接收时间:2025-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05
  • 修回日期:2026-05-08
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    1山东第一医科大学附属省立医院,山东 250021
    2山东大学齐鲁医院
    3山东大学护理与康复学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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