Article(id=1322929464568586424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761148800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-23, revisedDate=1782921600000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340563194, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340563194, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340563194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340563194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2742, endPage=2746, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929465139011769, articleId=1322929464568586424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application progress on gut-directed hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper reviewed the concept,common protocols,mechanisms of gut-directed hypnotherapy,and its application in patients with irritable bowel syndrome,so as to provide some references for promoting the standardized application of gut-directed hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

, authors=Ying CHEN1, Hui LI2, 3, Mengyan ZHOU1, Longshu ZHANG1, Yulu HE1, Xixia ZHANG2, 3, authorsList=Ying CHEN, Hui LI, Mengyan ZHOU, Longshu ZHANG, Yulu HE, Xixia ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xixia ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929467445878976, articleId=1322929464568586424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=肠道定向催眠疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对肠道定向催眠疗法的概念、常用方案、作用机制及其在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进行综述,为推动该疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的规范化应用提供参考。

, authors=陈颖1, 李慧2, 3, 周梦艳1, 张龙姝1, 贺雨露1, 章细霞2, 3, *, *, authorsList=陈颖, 李慧, 周梦艳, 张龙姝, 贺雨露, 章细霞, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=章细霞, authorNote=

陈颖,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
章细霞,E-mail:
ZHANG Xixia, E-mail:
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陈颖,硕士研究生在读

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陈颖,硕士研究生在读

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肠道定向催眠疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进展
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陈颖 1 , 李慧 2, 3 , 周梦艳 1 , 张龙姝 1 , 贺雨露 1 , 章细霞 2, 3, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(15): 2742-2746
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (15) : 2742 -2746
肠道定向催眠疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进展
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陈颖1, 李慧2, 3, 周梦艳1, 张龙姝1, 贺雨露1, 章细霞2, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学护理学院,江苏 210023
  • 2南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院
  • 3江苏省中医药研究院
通讯作者:
章细霞,E-mail:
ZHANG Xixia, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈颖,硕士研究生在读

Application progress on gut-directed hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Ying CHEN1, Hui LI2, 3, Mengyan ZHOU1, Longshu ZHANG1, Yulu HE1, Xixia ZHANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Jiangsu 210023 China
  • 2Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
  • 3Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.023
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对肠道定向催眠疗法的概念、常用方案、作用机制及其在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进行综述,为推动该疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的规范化应用提供参考。

肠易激综合征  /  肠道定向催眠  /  护理  /  综述

This paper reviewed the concept,common protocols,mechanisms of gut-directed hypnotherapy,and its application in patients with irritable bowel syndrome,so as to provide some references for promoting the standardized application of gut-directed hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

irritable bowel syndrome,IBS  /  gut-directed hypnotherapy,GDH  /  nursing  /  review
陈颖, 李慧, 周梦艳, 张龙姝, 贺雨露, 章细霞. 肠道定向催眠疗法在肠易激综合征病人中的应用进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2742 -2746 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.023
Ying CHEN, Hui LI, Mengyan ZHOU, Longshu ZHANG, Yulu HE, Xixia ZHANG. Application progress on gut-directed hypnotherapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2742 -2746 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.023
肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种常见的脑-肠轴互动异常疾病,主要表现为反复发作的腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯及大便性状改变,目前临床上尚无具有广泛临床应用价值的生物标志物或可识别的结构性异常,诊断主要依赖症状学标准[1-2]。除胃肠道症状外,肠易激综合征病人常伴有焦虑、抑郁等心理共病,这些心理与情绪因素在疾病的发生、发展与复发中具有重要作用[3-4]。据流行病学研究显示,肠易激综合征的全球患病率为9.2%,显著影响病人的生活质量和社会生产力,并造成巨大的医疗经济负担[5]。目前,肠易激综合征的治疗包括药物干预、饮食干预、心理干预等多种方式[6]。随着对脑-肠轴机制研究的深入,心理因素在肠易激综合征发病与症状维持中的作用受到广泛关注。相关指南均建议,在标准药物治疗无效或症状复发的情况下,应当将心理干预纳入综合管理方案,如肠道定向催眠、认知行为疗法、放松疗法等[7-9]。其中,肠道定向催眠(gut-directed hypnotherapy,GDH)作为心理干预之一,已经被证实能显著改善肠易激综合征病人胃肠道症状与心理状况[10-11]。其核心理念是在催眠状态下通过意象与暗示引导病人重建对肠道功能的认知和控制,从而实现脑-肠轴的双向调节[12]。本研究综述了肠道定向催眠在肠易激综合征病人中的研究现状,以期为该疗法在我国临床实践中的规范化应用与推广提供依据。
肠道定向催眠最早由英国曼彻斯特大学的胃肠病学家Whorwell等[13]于20世纪80年代提出,是一种在催眠状态下施加心理暗示的身心干预方法。临床催眠为一种语言干预,其利用特殊的心理状态,即增强对暗示的接受能力,以促进治疗性的心理和生理变化[14]。肠道定向催眠的目的是诱导病人进入深度放松状态,引导病人控制肠道功能[12]。
目前国际上常用的肠道定向催眠方案包括北卡罗来纳州方案[15]和曼彻斯特方案[16]两种。
北卡罗来纳州方案是一种高度标准化的催眠干预,其需要治疗师对一套完整的逐字稿进行宣读。整个疗程包含7次治疗,通常每2周治疗1次,共持续约3个月。该方案旨在通过一套严谨、可重复的流程系统性地改善症状,每次治疗都遵循统一的结构:首先,进行凝视诱导和神驰状态加深(如想象乘电梯下降);随后,进行引导性的全身放松。治疗的核心部分是引导病人进入一个生动、多感官的治疗场景,例如在暴风雨中身处一个温暖、舒适的山间小屋或在阳光明媚的海滩上放松。具体的治疗性建议会与这些场景意象联系起来,例如将小屋的厚墙比作能够保护肠道免受疼痛和不适的屏障。这些建议主要包含改变对症状的注意力、改变对症状的感知(如用温暖、舒适感替代不适)、提升整体健康感、暗示肠道对刺激变得免疫以及鼓励肠道正常运作5个方面,且治疗强调每日使用配套录音进行家庭练习。
曼彻斯特方案是一种个性化、灵活的肠道定向催眠,由训练有素的治疗师对病人进行一对一治疗。整个疗程始于初步咨询,共12次治疗,通常每周治疗1次,持续约3个月。其核心目标是教授病人必要的催眠技巧,让病人学习控制肠道功能,此为一种对身体非自主生理过程的精神控制技能。首次治疗旨在让病人熟悉催眠,通常包括渐进式放松、自我增强暗示以及建立信心,从第2次或第3次治疗开始引入具体的肠道定向技术,例如指导病人将手放在腹部,感受并引导一种温热、舒适感,象征着将心灵的能量导入肠道以舒缓和控制肠道;同时,帮助病人创造一个有意义、代表肠道正常工作的个人意象,如将肠道想象成1条平稳流动的河流(用于调节腹泻或便秘)或1列平稳运行的火车。整个治疗过程反复强调由病人自己控制肠道而非由肠道控制病人的理念,以增强病人的自我效能感,并要求病人每日使用录音进行家庭练习,以巩固和强化治疗效果。
肠易激综合征的病理、生理涉及多方面的因素相互作用,包括遗传易感性、脑-肠轴改变、内脏敏感性增加、胆汁酸吸收不良、肠道微生物菌群失调、黏膜通透性增加、黏膜功能改变和肠蠕动改变[17]。其中脑-肠轴双向功能障碍被认为是肠易激综合征发生与持续的核心机制。肠易激综合征病人通常合并焦虑与抑郁等负性情绪,负性情绪也是肠易激综合征的危险因素之一[18-19]。肠道定向催眠可以调节脑-肠轴,研究表明,催眠前后肠道-大脑功能发生了积极变化,包括调节餐后结肠反射活动、改变结肠运动、降低内脏高敏感性以及在功能性脑成像上使肠道-大脑疼痛处理信号正常化,可能会改变病人的注意力和/或其对胃肠道感觉意义的看法,因而治疗后其他躯体症状和心理困扰均会减轻[20-25]。
Flik等[26]在荷兰开展的一项多中心随机对照试验结果显示,将354例从初级和二级医疗机构转诊的肠易激综合征病人随机分配至干预组和对照组。其中干预组包括个体催眠治疗及团体催眠治疗2种形式,均由合格的心理学家和催眠治疗师执行。接受个体催眠治疗的病人共治疗6次,每2周治疗1次,每次45 min;接受团体催眠治疗的病人6人为1组,共参与6次治疗,每2周治疗1次,每次60 min。2种催眠治疗方法均采用曼彻斯特方案的结构化流程,核心内容包括进行催眠引导,并运用方案中描述的意象和暗示帮助病人调节肠道功能,减轻疼痛和不适感。此外,两组病人均被要求每日在家完成15~20 min的录音练习作为家庭作业。对照组采用了教育性支持治疗,其形式与团体催眠组完全一致(共6次,每次60 min的团体课程),但内容不含任何催眠成分,由经过专门培训的执业护士或心理助理提供。其内容侧重信息提供和技能讨论,包括:1)对肠易激综合征进行广泛的一般性解释,组织病人讨论各自的症状、应对机制及回避行为等;2)根据英国国家健康与临床优化研究所的指南提供饮食建议;3)解释锻炼的好处和压力管理方法。对照组病人同样被布置每日15~20 min的家庭作业。该研究结果表明,催眠治疗在改善肠易激综合征病人症状方面显著优于教育性支持,并且这种疗效可持续1年。此外,该研究还发现,团体催眠治疗的效果不劣于个体治疗,为以更低的成本让更多的病人受益提供了重要依据。
为探究更优化的治疗方案,Hasan等[27]开展了一项大型随机、单盲试验,旨在比较短疗程(6次)与传统长疗程(12次)的肠道定向催眠在缓解肠易激综合征症状方面的差异。该研究共纳入448例符合罗马Ⅲ诊断标准的肠易激综合征病人,并将其随机分配至2个不同的治疗组:第1组接受为期6周、共6次的肠道定向催眠治疗;第2组接受为期12周、共12次的标准肠道定向催眠治疗。两组病人均在1名经验丰富的催眠治疗师的指导下接受基于曼彻斯特方案的个体化催眠治疗。结果显示,短疗程治疗中,78.8%的病人肠易激综合征症状严重程度评分较基线下降≥50分,63.4%的病人腹痛评分较基线下降≥30%;在传统长疗程治疗中,73.9%的病人肠易激综合征症状严重程度评分较基线下降≥50分,57.0%的病人腹痛评分较基线下降≥30%。且短疗程治疗病人脱落率(9%)显著低于传统长疗程治疗病人(15%),表明短疗程治疗不仅疗效与传统长疗效相当,还可能因缩短病人的治疗时间和减轻其精力负担而提高治疗的完成度与依从性。
Lövdahl等[28]进行的一项长达2年的纵向随访研究显示,肠道定向催眠可改善病人心理状况。该项研究的对象为289例肠易激综合征病人,接受由护士主导的12周肠道定向催眠项目。治疗方案基于标准化的北卡罗来纳方案,包含7个核心治疗环节,根据临床需要分别扩展为8次或12次治疗。治疗过程中,护士引导病人完成每次30~40 min的催眠环节,并为病人提供专门录制的音频文件,要求其在治疗期间每日坚持居家练习,以巩固和深化治疗效果。研究人员在治疗后以及治疗后6个月、1年和2年,使用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和内脏敏感性指数(VSI)对病人进行评估。结果表明,肠道定向催眠疗法对病人心理状况的改善效果是显著且持久的,病人的胃肠道特异性焦虑、抑郁症状和广泛性焦虑水平均在治疗后显著降低,并且这种改善在长达2年的随访期内一直得以维持。该研究通过效应量进一步量化了改善程度,肠道定向催眠对胃肠道特异性焦虑的改善效应量为0.52,对广泛性焦虑的效应量为0.29,对抑郁症状的效应量为0.21,以上数据均表明肠道定向催眠对肠易激综合征病人的心理困扰具有治疗作用。
Devenney等[29]进行了一项事后分析研究,旨在确定影响肠道定向催眠疗效的预测因素。该研究的数据来源于一项大型随机试验,共涉及448例对常规治疗无效的难治性肠易激综合征病人。研究人员使用HADS在治疗前对所有病人进行了评估。结果显示,病人基线心理状态与治疗结局之间存在密切联系:在腹痛改善方面,治疗后腹痛评分下降≥30%的应答者,其基线抑郁评分显著低于无应答者,表明较低的基线抑郁水平可能预示着更好的腹痛治疗效果。另一方面,基线焦虑水平则与病人能否完成治疗相关(中途退出治疗的病人其基线HADS焦虑评分高于完成全部疗程的病人),提示临床医生在选择病人进行肠道定向催眠治疗时,应进行全面的基线心理评估,对于有高度焦虑或抑郁症状的病人,可能需要先通过心理干预稳定其情绪状态,或者在进行肠道定向催眠的同时提供额外的心理支持,以确保病人能够从中获得最大益处并顺利完成治疗。
Lövdahl等[30]在一项旨在比较个体与团体催眠治疗疗效的随机临床试验中,详细评估了催眠治疗干预对病人生活质量的影响。该研究共招募了119例肠易激综合征病人,并将其随机分配至个体治疗组和团体治疗组。两组病人均接受为期12周、共8个疗程的肠道定向催眠治疗,并辅以每日的家庭音频练习,研究结果显示,2种治疗形式均能提升病人的生活质量。在接受个体催眠治疗后,病人生活质量各维度评分较基线均有改善;接受团体催眠治疗的病人除了生理功能维度外,其他维度得分也均有显著改善,但两组之间疗效比较差异无统计学意义。表明无论是采用个体形式还是团体形式的肠道定向催眠疗法都能够改善肠易激综合征病人的生活质量。
Vasant等[31]对32例8~18岁患有难治性肠易激综合征的青少年进行了研究,所有病人均接受为期12周、每周1次肠道定向催眠治疗,该方案针对青少年进行了调整,例如在初次访谈中通过绘画等方式了解病人对疾病的看法,并将病人感兴趣的爱好、故事等元素融入催眠暗示中,以提高治疗的参与度和接受度。结果显示,病人平均总体生活质量得分由治疗前的267.7分提高到治疗后的360.8分,应对问题的能力维度得分从45.7分提升至74.7分,自信与安全感维度得分从43.8分提升至71.5分,无助感的负面影响维度得分由46.7分提升至70.1分,表明肠道定向催眠不仅能减轻难治性肠易激综合征青少年的身体痛苦,更能帮助他们重拾应对技能和心理韧性,提高社交功能,从而全面提升其生活质量。
Noble等[32]研究显示,通过Skype平台接受12次肠道定向催眠治疗的难治性肠易激综合征病人对治疗方案的满意度高,90.0%以上的病人表示愿意向他人推荐此疗法。在症状改善方面,58.0%的病人报告其肠易激综合征总体症状改善率≥30%,46.0%的病人报告其腹痛程度减轻率≥30%,76.9%的病人认为这种通过数字化实施的远程肠道定向催眠具有极大的便利性,73.1%的病人认为其显著节约了差旅成本,69.2%的病人认为其改善了治疗的可及性,且事后分析显示,治疗前倾向于这种模式的病人其治疗后的满意度更高。
Anderson等[33]评估Nerva应用程序的随机对照试验发现,Nerva组(包含肠道定向催眠内容的完整程序)在改善肠易激综合征症状方面显著优于剔除了肠道定向催眠内容的对照组(包含常规心理教育和放松技巧),Nerva组中81%的病人肠易激综合征症状改善(肠易激综合征严重程度量表评分下降≥50分),显著高于对照组(63%);在腹痛缓解方面,Nerva组的应答率(改善率>30%)为71%,高于对照组(35%);生活质量的改善优于对照组。
Berry等[34]研究使用Regulora应用与数字化肌肉放松进行比较的随机对照试验结果也显示了其有效性。在治疗结束后4周时两组腹痛应答率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.535 2),但在治疗期间的最后4周(第9周~第12周),Regulora组的腹痛应答率显著高于数字化肌肉放松组,且Regulora组安全性良好,未报告严重不良事件。
肠易激综合征是一种常见的慢性功能性胃肠病,在全球范围内有较高的患病率。该疾病不仅严重影响病人的身心健康与生活质量,还构成了重要的公共卫生问题,并引发一系列社会经济问题,包括劳动能力下降、医疗成本上升等,从而加重社会医疗体系负担。肠道定向催眠在缓解肠道症状、改善心理状况、提高生活质量方面具有显著作用。同时,随着社会和科技的不断发展,将肠道定向催眠与数字化相结合提高了可及性,增加了经济效益。尽管肠道定向催眠的疗效确切,但仍有一些关键问题值得深入思考与探索。
尽管肠道定向催眠的有效性已经得到证实,但现有研究仍存在一定的局限性,例如部分试验样本量偏小、不同研究采取的方案与疗程设置存在异质性,以及对特定肠易激亚型效果的比较证据不足。未来的研究应致力于开展更大规模、设计更严谨的多中心随机对照试验,并开展将肠道定向催眠与一线标准疗法进行优效性或非劣效性研究。同时,需要展开更多长周期的纵向追踪,以评估其超长期的疗效持久性、症状复发率以及其预测因素。
已有研究表明,经过规范化培训的护士或者其他医疗人员完全有能力安全、有效地提供肠道定向催眠[35]。基于此,较为理想的多学科协作模式是:首先,由胃肠科医生负责确立诊断、评估病情并筛选出适合进行肠道定向催眠的病人;其次,由经过专门培训的护士作为主要执行者,负责提供个体或团体肠道定向催眠,并将其与日常护理进行有机融合。
肠道定向催眠的核心在于教授病人控制和正常化肠道功能的技巧,强调由病人自己控制肠道,从而增强其自我效能感和长期管理能力。因此,未来可以发展根据症状严重程度分层、以培养病人自我管理能力为目标的治疗策略。对于症状较轻的病人,建议其通过经验证的数字化肠道定向催眠应用或标准化录音进行自我引导练习,同时配合标准化的自我管理教育模块,帮助病人理解症状触发因素并建立相应的应对策略。对于症状中重度的难治性病人,需要升级为由治疗师提供的互动干预。在整个治疗过程中,应帮助病人逐步从治疗师指导的面对面干预过渡到独立的自我管理,通过掌握可在日常生活中运用的催眠技巧和应对策略,实现疗效的长期维持,同时减少对专业治疗的依赖,从而降低医疗成本、提高治疗的可及性与经济效益。

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2026年第40卷第15期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.023
  • 接收时间:2025-10-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23
  • 修回日期:2026-07-02
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    1南京中医药大学护理学院,江苏 210023
    2南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院
    3江苏省中医药研究院

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章细霞,E-mail:
ZHANG Xixia, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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