Article(id=1322929444721143966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757779200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-14, revisedDate=1777392000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340558461, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340558461, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340558461, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340558461, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2714, endPage=2722, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929444893110431, articleId=1322929444721143966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients: a scoping review, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically retrieve the research on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients,to provide reference for precise symptom management practice of cancer patients.

Methods

The relevant literature on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients from PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,ProQuest,EBSCO,CNKI,VIP Database,WanFang Database,and CBM were retrieved.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to November 22,2025.The included literature were summarized and analyzed.

Results

A total of 26 literatures were included.The response models of conversational agents were mainly natural language processing-based,rule-based,and mixture model.The information output sources included authoritative clinical guidelines and self-developed evidence-based question-and-answer databases.The information output formats included text,voice,and multimodal formats.Intervention contents included symptom monitoring and grading management,medication management and compliance management,health education and information support,psychological and emotional support,lifestyle intervention.The main outcome indicators were physical symptoms,psychosocial health outcomes,and user experience.

Conclusions

The symptom management of cancer patients based on conversational agents is feasible and effective.It shows a good application prospect in improving cancer patients' self-management ability,quality of life,enhancing satisfaction and compliance,optimizing the allocation of medical resources,and promoting doctor-patient communication and information sharing.

, authors=Pufang ZHANG1, 2, Xueqin YANG3, Jingru FENG1, Xiaojun SHU2, Xiaodong NING2, authorsList=Pufang ZHANG, Xueqin YANG, Jingru FENG, Xiaojun SHU, Xiaodong NING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaodong NING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929445404815522, articleId=1322929444721143966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中应用的范围综述, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

系统检索对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的应用研究,为癌症病人精准化症状管理实践提供参考。

方法

检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、ProQuest、EBSCO、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中有关对话代理在癌症症状管理中应用的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年11月22日,对纳入的文献进行汇总和分析。

结果

共纳入26篇文献,对话代理响应模型主要为自然语言处理、规则驱动和混合模型;信息输出内容来源为权威临床指南和自建循证问答库;信息输出形式包括文本、语音及多模态形式;干预内容包括症状监测与分级管理、用药管理与依从性管理、健康教育与信息支持、心理与情感支持、生活方式干预;主要结局指标为躯体症状、心理社会健康和用户体验。

结论

基于对话代理的癌症病人症状管理具有可行性和有效性,在改善癌症病人自我管理能力、生活质量,提高满意度与依从性、优化医疗资源配置和促进医患沟通与信息共享方面展现出良好的应用前景。

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张普芳,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
宁晓东,E-mail:
NING Xiaodong, E-mail:
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pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Bibault J E, Chaix B, Guillemassé A, journalName=Journal of Medical Internet Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bibault J E,Chaix B,Guillemassé A,et al.A chatbot versus physicians to provide information for patients with breast cancer:blind,randomized controlled noninferiority trial[J].Journal of Medical Internet Research,2019,21(11):e15787., articleTitle=A chatbot versus physicians to provide information for patients with breast cancer:blind,randomized controlled noninferiority trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929457815761145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=30, issue=10, pageStart=5990, pageEnd=5996, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Al-Hilli Z, Noss R, Dickard J, journalName=Annals of Surgical Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Al-Hilli Z,Noss R,Dickard J,et al.A randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of pre-test genetic counseling using an artificial intelligence automated chatbot and traditional in-person genetic counseling in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2023,30(10):5990-5996., articleTitle=A randomized trial comparing the effectiveness of pre-test genetic counseling using an artificial intelligence automated chatbot and traditional in-person genetic counseling in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929457891258618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=122, issue=null, pageStart=105551, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Ma D, Orner D, Ghaly M M, journalName=Oral Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma D,Orner D,Ghaly M M,et al.Automated health chats for symptom management of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy[J].Oral Oncology,2021,122:105551., articleTitle=Automated health chats for symptom management of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929457966756091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=7, pageStart=401, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Schmitz K H, Kanski B, Gordon B, journalName=Supportive Care in Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schmitz K H,Kanski B,Gordon B,et al.Technology-based supportive care for metastatic breast cancer patients[J].Supportive Care in Cancer,2023,31(7):401., articleTitle=Technology-based supportive care for metastatic breast cancer patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929458042253564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=100257, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Albino De Queiroz D, Silva Passarello R, Veloso de Moura Fé V, journalName=Healthcare Analytics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Albino De Queiroz D,Silva Passarello R,Veloso de Moura Fé V,et al.A wearable chatbot-based model for monitoring colorectal cancer patients in the active phase of treatment[J].Healthcare Analytics,2023,4:100257., articleTitle=A wearable chatbot-based model for monitoring colorectal cancer patients in the active phase of treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929458121945341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=83, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=张祖雪, 王艳, 简睿, journalName=军事护理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张祖雪,王艳,简睿,等.宫颈癌患者围术期信息超载潜在剖面及影响因素分析[J].军事护理,2025,42(4):83-86;90., articleTitle=宫颈癌患者围术期信息超载潜在剖面及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929458189054206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=10, pageStart=54, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=顾晓霞, 尹海宁, 查莹娟, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=顾晓霞,尹海宁,查莹娟,等.妇科恶性癌症患者癌症症状求助行为特征的质性研究[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(10):54-58., articleTitle=妇科恶性癌症患者癌症症状求助行为特征的质性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929458264551679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=15, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Alanzi T, Almahdi R, Alghanim D, journalName=Cureus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alanzi T,Almahdi R,Alghanim D,et al.Factors affecting the adoption of artificial intelligence-enabled virtual assistants for leukemia self-management[J].Cureus,2023,15(11):e49724., articleTitle=Factors affecting the adoption of artificial intelligence-enabled virtual assistants for leukemia self-management, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929458331660544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=28, issue=25, pageStart=3209, pageEnd=3216, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=王慧, 胡银环, 冯显东, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王慧,胡银环,冯显东,等.人工智能在心理干预中的应用:效果、挑战与前景[J].中国全科医学,2025,28(25):3209-3216., articleTitle=人工智能在心理干预中的应用:效果、挑战与前景, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929445627113635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929444721143966, xref=1, 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Basic characteristics of included literature

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纳入文献国家研究设计研究对象样本量(例)干预内容响应模型信息输出内容来源信息输出形式病人交互输入方式评价指标及工具
张晓霞等[12]2025中国随机对照试验直肠癌术后病人55/55术后康复指导及心理支持人工智能(自然语言处理)循证证据多模态格式自由输入生活质量、焦虑、抑郁量表、并发症发生率、首次排气时间、肠道恢复时间、首次下床活动时间、拔除引流管时间、住院时间
韩露等[13]2025中国类试验研究育龄期乳腺癌病人46/46生育信息指导规则驱动循证证据多模态格式自由输入生育忧虑量表、生育意愿量表、生育信息支持量表、生命质量
赵雯雯等[14]2023中国自身前后对照试验多发性骨髓瘤病人83人工智能随访人工智能(自然语言处理)智能诊疗数据融合平台、医院系统及外部权威医学数据库、多学科专家循证多模态格式自由输入自我管理、延续性护理智慧平台使用调查表、满意度
谭琳等[15]2025中国类试验研究癌症化疗病人96/93人工智能随访人工智能(自然语言处理)循证证据、智能诊疗数据结合病人需求编制多模态格式自由输入自我管理、生活质量、服务满意度
Akdogan等[16]2025土耳其随机对照试验癌症病人80/80信息咨询自然语言处理专家审核文本自由输入焦虑量表、抑郁量表、输出准确性
Bargas-Ochoa等[17]2025美国可行性队列研究癌症病人17个性化护理计划人工智能(自然语言处理)多学科专家编制多模态格式自由输入可行性、依从性、可接受性
Baumgärtner等[18]2024德国随机对照试验前列腺癌病人59/53信息咨询自然语言处理、机器学习循证证据多模态格式自由输入病人信息需求、系统可用性与可行性
Starmer等[19]2023美国随机对照试验头颈部癌症病人44/47吞咽锻炼人工智能(自然语言处理)临床指南多模态格式按钮输入依从率、吞咽功能生理测量、安德森吞咽困难量表、饮食水平、信息质量
Kaphingst等[20]2024美国桥接试验癌症病人1 554/1 519癌症遗传咨询服务人工智能(自然语言处理)多学科专家编制多模态格式自由输入基因测试完成率与订购率
Visvanathan等[21]2025美国单臂试点研究癌症病人51遗传咨询人工智能(自然语言处理)美国国立综合癌症网络指南多模态格式自由输入可用性评价、用户体验
Groninger等[22]2025美国混合研究年轻癌症幸存者质性研究:26
量性研究:15
睡眠管理自然语言处理、机器学习失眠认知行为疗法临床指南语音自由输入接受性、可行性、用户体验
Tawfik等[23]2023埃及随机对照试验乳腺癌病人50/50/50化疗病人自我护理指导自然语言处理、规则驱动美国国立综合癌症网络指南文本自由输入症状评估量表、自我照护行为量表、系统可用性
Gomaa等[24]2023美国混合研究胃肠道癌症病人27症状随访、推送健康指导自然语言处理、规则驱动循证证据、指南结合质性研究编制文本自由输入生活质量、症状评估量表、病人激活量表、满意度、感知社会支持量表、系统可用性和可接受性
Huang等[25]2023中国回顾性队列研究妇科恶性癌症病人20/43症状随访、推送健康指导规则驱动美国国家癌症研究所常见不良事件评价标准和预设的健康指导模板、质性访谈文本按钮输入急诊就诊和非计划住院发生率、满意度
Leung等[26]2023加拿大混合研究癌症病人及照护者156例病人及11名照护者监测、预警情绪、推荐个性化资源规则驱动、自然语言处理临床指南文本自由输入创伤后应激症状自评量表
Lau-Min等[27]2024美国试点研究胃肠道癌症口服化疗药病人40口服化疗药物依从性、毒性管理及症状管理自然语言处理、规则驱动临床标准、专家共识、实时数据反馈以及病人反馈文本自由输入依从性和参与度、输出内容准确性、益处和改进建议
Kupper等[28]2024巴西试点研究结直肠癌病人92术后并发症监测与管理自然语言处理、机器学习循证证据和专家小组编写文本自由输入并发症发生率、非计划入院、依从性和满意度
Hassoon等[29]2021美国试点研究癌症病人14/14/14双向互动式活动指导自然语言处理、机器学习可穿戴传感器、病人意愿语音自由输入病人日均步数
Piau等[30]2019法国试点研究老年癌症病人9居家化疗症状监测规则驱动、自然语言处理美国国家癌症研究所常见不良事件评价标准与老年病人症状量表文本按钮输入系统可行性和可接受性、满意度、依从性
Greer等[31]2019美国可行性研究年轻癌症幸存者25/20心理支持规则驱动质性研究、积极心理学文本按钮输入系统可行性和可接受性、差异情绪量表、焦虑简表、抑郁简表、症状评估
Chaix等[32]2019法国前瞻性研究乳腺癌病人及亲属958个性化健康指导、用药提醒机器学习、自然语言处理专家团队编制文本按钮输入病人依从率、满意度
Bibault等[33]2019法国随机对照试验乳腺癌病人71/71信息指导机器学习、自然语言处理自建数据库文本自由输入信息质量
Al-Hilli等[34]2023美国随机对照试验乳腺癌病人19/18遗传、基因筛查指导规则驱动美国国立综合癌症网络指南文本自由输入咨询满意度、知识掌握程度
Ma等[35]2021美国随机对照试验头颈部癌症病人84症状管理规则驱动美国国家癌症研究所常见不良事件评价标准文本按钮输入可用性、满意度
Schmitz等[36]2023美国交叉试验转移性乳腺癌病人21/21症状管理规则驱动循证知识库多模态格式按钮输入可接受性、系统可行性、满意度、简明疼痛评估量表、睡眠障碍量表、疲劳量表、痛苦温度计、生活质量、生理功能测试
Albinode de Queiroz等[37]2023巴西类试验研究结直肠癌病人19/17症状监测与管理自然语言处理、自然语言理解临床指南多模态格式自由输入生活质量、系统可用性、用户体验
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纳入文献研究的基本特征

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纳入文献国家研究设计研究对象样本量(例)干预内容响应模型信息输出内容来源信息输出形式病人交互输入方式评价指标及工具
张晓霞等[12]2025中国随机对照试验直肠癌术后病人55/55术后康复指导及心理支持人工智能(自然语言处理)循证证据多模态格式自由输入生活质量、焦虑、抑郁量表、并发症发生率、首次排气时间、肠道恢复时间、首次下床活动时间、拔除引流管时间、住院时间
韩露等[13]2025中国类试验研究育龄期乳腺癌病人46/46生育信息指导规则驱动循证证据多模态格式自由输入生育忧虑量表、生育意愿量表、生育信息支持量表、生命质量
赵雯雯等[14]2023中国自身前后对照试验多发性骨髓瘤病人83人工智能随访人工智能(自然语言处理)智能诊疗数据融合平台、医院系统及外部权威医学数据库、多学科专家循证多模态格式自由输入自我管理、延续性护理智慧平台使用调查表、满意度
谭琳等[15]2025中国类试验研究癌症化疗病人96/93人工智能随访人工智能(自然语言处理)循证证据、智能诊疗数据结合病人需求编制多模态格式自由输入自我管理、生活质量、服务满意度
Akdogan等[16]2025土耳其随机对照试验癌症病人80/80信息咨询自然语言处理专家审核文本自由输入焦虑量表、抑郁量表、输出准确性
Bargas-Ochoa等[17]2025美国可行性队列研究癌症病人17个性化护理计划人工智能(自然语言处理)多学科专家编制多模态格式自由输入可行性、依从性、可接受性
Baumgärtner等[18]2024德国随机对照试验前列腺癌病人59/53信息咨询自然语言处理、机器学习循证证据多模态格式自由输入病人信息需求、系统可用性与可行性
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对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中应用的范围综述
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张普芳 1, 2 , 杨雪琴 3 , 冯靖茹 1 , 舒小俊 2 , 宁晓东 2, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(15): 2714-2722
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (15) : 2714 -2722
对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中应用的范围综述
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张普芳,硕士研究生在读

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张普芳1, 2, 杨雪琴3, 冯靖茹1, 舒小俊2, 宁晓东2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1湖北医药学院,湖北 442000
  • 2荆楚理工学院附属中心医院
  • 3荆楚理工学院
通讯作者:
宁晓东,E-mail:
NING Xiaodong, E-mail:
作者简介:

张普芳,硕士研究生在读

Application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients: a scoping review
Pufang ZHANG1, 2, Xueqin YANG3, Jingru FENG1, Xiaojun SHU2, Xiaodong NING2
Affiliations
  • 1Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000 China
  • 2The Affiliated Central Hospital of Jingchu University of Technology
  • 3Jingchu University of Technology
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.019
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目的

系统检索对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的应用研究,为癌症病人精准化症状管理实践提供参考。

方法

检索PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、ProQuest、EBSCO、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库中有关对话代理在癌症症状管理中应用的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年11月22日,对纳入的文献进行汇总和分析。

结果

共纳入26篇文献,对话代理响应模型主要为自然语言处理、规则驱动和混合模型;信息输出内容来源为权威临床指南和自建循证问答库;信息输出形式包括文本、语音及多模态形式;干预内容包括症状监测与分级管理、用药管理与依从性管理、健康教育与信息支持、心理与情感支持、生活方式干预;主要结局指标为躯体症状、心理社会健康和用户体验。

结论

基于对话代理的癌症病人症状管理具有可行性和有效性,在改善癌症病人自我管理能力、生活质量,提高满意度与依从性、优化医疗资源配置和促进医患沟通与信息共享方面展现出良好的应用前景。

对话代理  /  聊天机器人  /  大语言模型  /  人工智能  /  症状管理  /  范围综述  /  循证护理
Objective

To systematically retrieve the research on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients,to provide reference for precise symptom management practice of cancer patients.

Methods

The relevant literature on the application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients from PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,ProQuest,EBSCO,CNKI,VIP Database,WanFang Database,and CBM were retrieved.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases to November 22,2025.The included literature were summarized and analyzed.

Results

A total of 26 literatures were included.The response models of conversational agents were mainly natural language processing-based,rule-based,and mixture model.The information output sources included authoritative clinical guidelines and self-developed evidence-based question-and-answer databases.The information output formats included text,voice,and multimodal formats.Intervention contents included symptom monitoring and grading management,medication management and compliance management,health education and information support,psychological and emotional support,lifestyle intervention.The main outcome indicators were physical symptoms,psychosocial health outcomes,and user experience.

Conclusions

The symptom management of cancer patients based on conversational agents is feasible and effective.It shows a good application prospect in improving cancer patients' self-management ability,quality of life,enhancing satisfaction and compliance,optimizing the allocation of medical resources,and promoting doctor-patient communication and information sharing.

conversational agents  /  Chatbot  /  large language model  /  artificial intelligence,AI  /  symptom management  /  scoping review  /  evidence-based nursing
张普芳, 杨雪琴, 冯靖茹, 舒小俊, 宁晓东. 对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中应用的范围综述. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2714 -2722 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.019
Pufang ZHANG, Xueqin YANG, Jingru FENG, Xiaojun SHU, Xiaodong NING. Application of conversational agents in symptom management of cancer patients: a scoping review[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2714 -2722 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.019
全球癌症统计报告显示,癌症已成为全球第二大死亡原因,2022年我国新增癌症病例约482.47万例,癌症死亡人数约257.42万例[1]。癌症病人常经历多种身心症状,且这些症状并非孤立存在,而是以“症状群”的形式相互作用,贯穿整个治疗周期,不断加重病人症状负担[2]。目前,癌症症状管理缺乏体系化支撑、呈现“碎片化”服务,与病人症状体验衔接不足[3],且忽视了病人在症状管理中的主体性,难以满足多元化症状管理的需求[4]。因此,亟须全周期动态、个性化的精准干预策略,以系统减轻病人症状困扰、改善生活质量。对话代理(conversational agents,CAs)是隶属于对话系统(dialogue systems)范畴、以自然语言为核心交互媒介的智能系统,能够接收用户以文本、语音、手势等多模态形式输入的自然语言信息,实现实时对话,并基于用户语境、需求或偏好提供动态化、个性化交互[5]。依据交互模态可分为聊天机器人、语言虚拟助手、具身会话代理,现已应用于运动指导、心理咨询、健康行为引导、艾滋病防治等场景[6-9]。对话代理融合多模态健康信息,突破时空限制,精准捕捉病人症状管理的需求,实现个性化信息的适配,同时激发病人的主观能动性,促进了正向疾病感知,为病人带来长期健康获益[10]。其结合病人的主观体验探究病人的管理需求,规避了信息过载的风险,促使癌症病人症状管理服务更加普惠化,但在临床应用中仍存在多重壁垒,处于验证及优化阶段。本研究以澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)循证卫生保健中心的范围综述指南[11]为方法学框架,梳理对话代理在癌症病人症状管理领域的应用状况,旨在深入探讨如何更好地利用对话代理对癌症病人进行症状管理,为病人制定个性化、科学性的精准干预方案提供参考。
具体审查问题:1)对话代理有哪些主要特征?2)对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的应用场景是什么?3)对话代理在癌症症状管理中的评价指标以及应用效果是什么?
根据“PCC”原则,确立纳入与排除标准。
1)研究对象(participants,P):研究对象为经病理组织学和临床诊断确诊为癌症,癌症种类不限;2)概念(concept,C):涉及对话代理的应用,包括聊天机器人、语音虚拟助手、具身会话代理;3)情景(context,C)原则:涉及对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的应用,包括随机对照试验、类试验研究、混合性研究等原始研究。
1)研究方案、会议摘要、无法获取全文的文献;2)重复发表的文献;3)非中英文文献;4)未明确指出智能产品是否基于对话代理,或仅辅助医生进行决策。
检索数据库为PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、ProQuest、EBSCO、中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库。检索词为主题词和自由词相结合。检索时限为建库至2025年11月22日,采用引文追溯法对纳入文献的参考文献进行补充。
中文数据库以中国知网为例,检索式:(SU=‘癌症’+‘肿瘤’)AND(SU=‘对话代理’+‘聊天机器人’+‘问答系统’+‘大型语言模型’+‘语言模拟器’+‘AI问答’+‘数字助手’+‘虚拟助手’+‘人工智能问答’+‘人工智能电话随访’+‘对话式AI平台’+‘具身对话代理’)。
英文数据库以PubMed为例,具体检索策略如下:
#1 chatbot*[Title/Abstract] OR chatterbot[Title/Abstract] OR social bot*[Title/Abstract] OR softbot*[Title/Abstract] OR automated bot*[Title/Abstract] OR conversational agent*[Title/Abstract] OR conversational interface*[Title/Abstract] OR conversational platform*[Title/Abstract] OR conversational AI[Title/Abstract] OR conversational system*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual agent*[Title/Abstract] OR language simulator[Title/Abstract] OR automated agent*[Title/Abstract] OR software agent*[Title/Abstract]OR interactive Agent*[Title/Abstract] OR text⁃based Agent*[Title/Abstract] OR dialogue system*[Title/Abstract] OR artificial conversational entit*[Title/Abstract] OR automated online assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR AI assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR intelligent virtual assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR digital assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR digital agent*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR AI bot*[Title/Abstract] OR artificial intelligence[Title/Abstract] OR voice⁃activated virtual assistant[Title/Abstract] OR AI ChatGPT[Title/Abstract] OR embodied agent*[Title/Abstract] OR animated character*[Title/Abstract] OR animated agent*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual health assistant*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual coach*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual character*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual human[Title/Abstract] OR virtual therapist*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual nurse*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual companion*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual counselor*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual health counselor*[Title/Abstract] OR virtual clinician*[Title/Abstract] OR interactive agent*[Title/Abstract]OR relational agent*[Title/Abstract]
#2 neoplasms[MeSH] OR tumor[Title/Abstract] OR neoplasm[Title/Abstract] OR tumor*[Title/Abstract] OR neoplas*[Title/Abstract] OR cancer*[Title/Abstract] OR malignant neoplasm[Title/Abstract] OR malignanc*[Title/Abstract]
#3 #1 AND #2
在Excel表格中进行数据内容提取。1)研究设计特征:作者姓名、发表年份、国家、研究设计、样本特征(干预对象、样本量);2)对话代理响应模型、信息输出内容来源、输出形式、输入方式、对话代理干预内容;3)评价指标。
初步检索获得文献5 320篇,采用NoteExpress软件剔除重复文献1 159篇。阅读文献题目和摘要后,剔除综述、会议等与本研究纳入与排除标准不相符的文献3 994篇,进一步阅读全文后剔除141篇文献,最终纳入26篇文献。文献检索流程及结果见图1。
共纳入26篇[12-37]文献,分别在美国[17,19-22,24,27,29,31,34-36]、中国[12-15,25]、法国[30,32-33]、巴西[28,37]、埃及[23]、加拿大[26]、土耳其[16]、德国[18]开展研究;研究类型为随机对照试验[12,16,18-19,23,33-35]、混合研究[22,24,26]、试点研究[21,27-30]、类试验研究[13,15,37]、其余分别为回顾性队列研究[25]、自身前后对照试验[14]、前瞻性研究[32]、可行性研究[17,31]、交叉试验[36]、桥接试验[20];11项[14,17,21-22,24,26-28,30,32,35]为单臂、13项[12-13,15-16,18-20,25,31,33-34,36-37]为双臂、2项[23,29]为三臂;涉及乳腺癌[13,23,32-34,36]、胃肠道癌症[12,24,27-28,37]、多发性骨髓瘤[14]、前列腺癌[18]、妇科恶性癌症[25]、头颈部癌症[19,35]及未区分癌症类型[15-17,20-22,26,29-31];覆盖癌症全程管理周期,涵盖癌前筛查[18,20-21,34]、化疗阶段[13,15-16,24-25,27,30,37]、放疗阶段[19,35]、癌症转移期[36]、术后康复期[12,17,28]、随访[14-15],纳入文献研究的基本特征见表1。
理解和解释用户的自然语言输入的对话代理响应模型包括自然语言处理技术[12,14-17,19-21,37]、规则驱动[13,25,31,34-36]和混合模型[18,22-24,26-30,32-33];信息输出内容来源为权威临床指南[19,21-23,26,34,37]以及由研究团队开发的循证问答库[12-15,17-18,20,24-25,27-33,35-36];信息输出形式分为文本[16,23-28,30-35]、多模态格式[12-15,17-21,36-37]以及语音[22,29];病人交互输入方式主要包括自由输入[12-18,20-24,26-29,33-34,37]、按钮输入[19,25,30-32,35-36]。
依托病人自我报告、症状量表,实现对病人症状变化的实时监测与风险等级的划分。Piau等[30]通过对话代理向病人推送简短问卷以追踪症状,医护团队通过实时更新的症状数据,快速识别高风险病人急需跟进的健康状况,进而实现精准医疗干预。多项研究[24-25,35-36]通过病人自我报告的症状,分级推送健康指导,以实现症状的动态追踪与精准干预。Kupper等[28]将对话代理与医院电子健康记录系统进行关联整合,实现对结直肠癌术后病人症状的远程动态监测,依托算法模型识别并发症风险,并为病人提供早期干预指导。
Lau-Min等[27]开发了聊天机器人PENNY-GI,用于胃肠道癌症病人药物依从性管理和毒性监测,根据病人治疗周期及药物使用剂量,推送个性化服药提醒,追踪用药情况,每周通过短信评估病人症状并提供管理建议,同时也支持病人主动报告症状,系统实时响应并推送针对性指导,与Chaix等[32]研究结果一致,即满足病人个性化信息需求可提升用药依从率。Bargas-Ochoa等[17]通过虚拟助理督导药物、锻炼、症状调查等任务完成情况。Starmer等[19]通过每日发送吞咽锻炼提醒,并记录病人未完成原因,以提高病人锻炼依从性。
对话代理覆盖癌症防治全周期,赋能癌症病人癌前筛查、放化疗、术后康复等场景的循证信息支持与个性化护理,并基于病人个体偏好、行为特征及病人报告结局动态调整,以提升护理精准度。4项研究[18,20-21,34]为癌症高危人群提供规范癌症筛查知识、助力癌症筛查工作有序开展。韩露等[13]为育龄期乳腺癌病人提供生育信息指导;Tawfik等[23]为乳腺癌病人提供个性化教育和实时症状管理,提高了病人自我护理行为,并显著降低了症状频率、严重程度及痛苦。Gomaa等[24]定向推送科普知识,涵盖化疗相关医学知识、副作用预防与管理策略、自我护理及生活方式调整建议、情感支持及医患有效沟通技巧,同时支持病人按需发起实时会话,为病人提供覆盖全程的多维度、个性化指导。张晓霞等[12]为出院病人提供延续护理指导,病人可以通过与聊天机器人互动,获取全面、准确的疾病及康复信息,更好地了解自己的病情和康复需求。
癌症病人抑郁症总患病率达44.63%[2],但病人的心理需求未得到充分重视,对话代理在癌症病人心理与情感支持中展现出积极辅助作用。张晓霞等[12]将聊天机器人配合心理暗示应用于直肠癌术后病人,实时监测病人的情绪变化,并识别焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,聊天机器人引导病人以更积极、乐观的心态面对疾病和康复,增强其康复信心,结果证实其能减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪,与Akdogan等[16]研究结果一致。Greer等[31]通过对话代理为年轻癌症病人提供积极心理学干预,证实其能有效减轻焦虑情绪。韩露等[13]通过聊天机器人提供生育信息支持,降低了育龄期乳腺癌化疗病人的生育忧虑水平,提高其生育意愿及生育信息支持水平。
2项研究[29,37]通过与对话代理的双向交互,实时响应病人的疑问,并结合可穿戴设备采集的步数、心率等实时数据,动态调整指导策略,以及通过语音助手为病人提供失眠认知行为疗法[22]。Schmitz等[36]为病人提供健康食谱及饮食策略、舒缓音乐、引导式放松、认知行为疗法课程,以及依据病人骨转移情况、症状反馈及运动耐受程度调整运动形式。
本研究纳入文献的结局指标主要涉及躯体症状、心理社会健康和用户体验。
4项[23-25,31]研究涉及症状发生率、严重程度的评测,除Gomaa等[24]研究报告病人症状无显著改善,其余研究均证实对话代理能有效改善癌症病人身体、心理症状的发生频率、严重程度和痛苦程度,有效降低急诊及非计划入院率[23,25,31],减少并发症发生率[12,28]和增加病人运动量[29]。张晓霞等[12]研究证实对话代理能有效改善直肠癌病人术后症状,缩短住院时间。然而,Schmitz等[36]研究发现对话代理对疼痛、睡眠障碍、疲劳、生理功能的评分没有显著影响。Starmer等[19]研究发现对话代理对吞咽困难的生理测量指标改善不显著。
4项研究[14-15,23-24]涉及自我管理水平,证实对话代理对提升病人自我管理能力具有积极作用,6项研究[12-13,15,24,36-37]涉及生活质量,2项研究[24,36]报告两组生活质量评分无显著差异,其余4项研究[12-13,15,37]均显示对话代理可提高生活质量;6项研究[12-13,16,26,31,36]涉及心理评估,其中韩露等[13]证实对话代理能降低育龄期乳腺癌化疗病人的生育忧虑水平,2项研究[12,16]结果显示对话代理能显著降低病人焦虑、抑郁评分;Greer等[31]研究发现,对话代理能减轻病人焦虑情绪,而抑郁情绪评分与对照组相比并无显著差异,Schmitz等[36]研究也报告了两组心理困扰评分无显著差异,Gomaa等[24]研究发现病人激活量表、感知社会支持量表得分改善不显著。
通过对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的满意度[14-15,19,22,24-25,28,30,32,34-36]、病人依从性[17,19,27-28,30,32]、输出内容质量[16,19,33]、可接受性[17,22,24,30-31,36]、可行性[17-18,22,24,30-31,36]、可用性[18,21,23-24,35,37]、完成率[20,30]、病人参与度[22]、知识掌握程度[34]、用户体验[21-22,37],以及病人信息需求[18]来评估对话代理在症状管理中的可行性。
本研究显示对话代理响应原理主要分为3类,其一是基于规则驱动的对话代理[13,25,31,34-36],根据预设知识库与触发条件,向病人推送健康管理知识;第2类是基于自然语言处理等人工智能技术的对话代理[12,14-17,19-21,37],对患者输入内容进行语义解析与数据预处理,识别用户意图、捕捉上下文语义信息,生成情景适配的交互内容;第3类为混合模型的对话代理[18,22-24,26-30,32-33],基于规则驱动和自然语言处理的混合模型先通过自然语言处理技术完成用户输入文本的语义分析,再依据预设规则库完成内容匹配与健康资源精准推送;基于自然语言处理和机器学习的混合模型由自然语言处理进行语义理解、意图识别等语言处理任务,机器学习通过大规模对话语料的学习、训练与迭代优化,持续提升语义匹配精度、对话决策逻辑合理性与回复内容质量。多元响应机制通过构建智能化交互场景,实现动态信息采集、多维度数据分析与个体化反馈输出的闭环赋能,为满足癌症病人异质性需求的响应能力提供了技术支撑;对话代理的信息输出形式分为文本[16,23-28,30-35]、多模态格式[12-15,17-21,36-37](如文字、图片、文件、语音视频等多种交流形式)以及语音[22,29],其能精准匹配癌症病人认知水平差异产生的信息获取需求,提升健康信息的可及性、易懂性与便捷性,帮助病人更高效地理解并应用症状管理知识;对话代理的信息输出来源包括权威临床指南[19,21-23,26,34,37]和研究团队开发的循证问答库[12-18,20,24-25,27-33,35-36],其中2项研究[14-15]数据来源以智能诊疗数据融合平台与外部权威医学数据库为支撑,对接临床信息系统获取实时诊疗数据,内容由多学科临床专家结合相关研究与权威指南共同编撰、审核,并通过机器学习与医护反馈持续更新优化,有效保障了癌症病人症状管理信息知识的权威性、准确性与时效性。而用户与对话代理的交互输入方式主要包括自由输入[12-18,20-24,26-29,32-34,37]、按钮输入[19,25,30-32,35-36]以及混合输入[17],其提升了病人症状管理的便利性和交互体验,能增强病人使用意愿与依从性,帮助病人更轻松地获取健康管理信息、完成日常症状监测,切实保障其在疾病全周期的健康管理参与度,为自身健康维护提供稳定支持。
本研究结果显示,基于对话代理的癌症病人症状管理充分体现了其对差异化人群症状需求的个体化响应,适配不同类型癌症病人,贯穿癌症全周期防治链条,涵盖癌前筛查[18,20-21,34]、化疗阶段[13,15-16,24-25,27,30,37]、放疗阶段[19,35]、癌症转移期[36]、术后康复期[12,28]、全程随访[14-15]的癌症病人。对话代理依托病人自我报告[24-25,35-36]、症状量表[30]或可穿戴设备[29,37]评估病人实时症状与主观体验,实现对病人症状变化的实时监测与风险预警,采取图片、视频、语音、音频等多维度载体,结合趣味性及互动性的形式,精准契合癌症病人在不同治疗阶段的信息需求,推送症状管理建议;并搭载个性化提醒功能[15,17,19,27,32],针对药物治疗与康复锻炼场景推送适配性提醒,增加病人的药物治疗及锻炼依从性。同时对话代理能实时动态监测病人的情绪变化[12,26],精准识别焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,向医护人员发出预警,并依据病人需求推送个性化的心理支持资源。也能通过对话代理提供积极心理学技能的教学与实践[31]、认知行为疗法[22,36]。在病人行为干预方面也展现积极的应用前景,其结合可穿戴设备步数、心率等数据动态调整锻炼策略[29,36-37],为病人提供饮食策略及个性化锻炼策略。干预内容紧密围绕癌症病人在治疗全周期的核心需求,形成多维度协同的干预闭环,缓解病人在治疗中的不确定性和焦虑、抑郁情绪。综上所述,对话代理为癌症全周期症状管理应用提供了可行性支撑,也为破解癌症病人症状管理中医疗资源供需与个体化需求的矛盾提供了新的解决路径。
本研究主要从躯体症状、心理社会健康和用户体验评价对话代理的癌症症状管理可行性及干预效果,结果显示,对话代理能降低癌症病人症状发生率、减轻严重程度[12,23,25,28,37]及负性情绪[12-13,16,26,31,36],提升病人自我管理效能[14-15,23-24]、生活质量[12-13,15,37],同时优化医疗资源配置[25,28,31],促进医患沟通与信息共享,病人满意度、接受性高,推动癌症护理向个体化、动态化、智能化转型。传统“一刀切”的常规护理以疾病为中心,干预内容趋于同质化,难以兼顾个体在症状负荷、认知、情绪、社会支持及技术偏好上的多维异质性,常导致信息超载与信息缺口并存[38]。受限于病人的疾病认知水平,部分病人对疾病知识的理解片面,导致症状归因合理化,未能早期识别和重视症状,从而弱化了症状求助行为[39]。对话代理能实时捕捉并动态适配特定临床场景下个体瞬时生理、心理状态的动态波动与差异,有效满足病人个性化的症状管理需求。然而,Starmer等[19]研究发现对话代理对病人吞咽困难的生理测量无意义,其原因可能为:放疗所致吞咽相关神经肌肉损伤呈延迟进展特性,需放疗后数月至数年累积才显著影响吞咽功能,而该研究评估于放疗后2~3个月,此时慢性损伤仍处早期,尚未呈现出明显差异性。Schmitz等[36]研究报告了对话代理对病人心理困扰无显著作用,Greer等[31]研究报告了对话代理对改善病人抑郁情绪无显著作用,Gomaa等[24]研究报告了对话代理对病人症状生活质量、激活量表、感知社会支持量表得分无明显改善作用,可能与样本量较小、干预类型为试点研究、干预时长较短有关,且不同研究中的评价工具存在较大异质性,导致研究结果难以整合。未来需进一步开发适合癌症病人的特异性评价工具,开展多中心、长期随访的随机对照研究以验证其实施效果。
基于对话代理的癌症病人症状管理模式已经取得了初步成效,但仍存在一些问题:1)Lau-Min等[27]研究发现,对话代理对病人需求的正确识别率可达98.0%,但对复杂语境、方言、隐喻性表达的理解有限,易出现交互中断、偏离用户需求、缺乏人文关怀等情况,尤其在处理癌症病人复杂症状描述或心理诉求时准确性不足。未来应完善人机协同机制,制订规范和不良事件报告标准,嵌入自动监测模块,实时捕捉并记录异常交互数据,并同步至医护平台,由医护人员进行最终审核,以增强病人对对话代理的信任;同时构建多模态、本土化的心理健康语料库与情绪行为数据库,通过大量高质量数据训练,提升人工智能对人类复杂情绪的精准识别与共情响应能力,弥合人机交互的情感鸿沟。2)Alanzi等[40]研究揭示了人工智能应用中的性别与年龄的异质性,未来应以全人群可及性为目标,跨年龄、性别层建立动态偏好学习机制以适配个体习惯。老年群体等数字素养弱势群体面临“数字鸿沟”的困境,应推进技术适老化改造与弱势群体适配设计,增加大字体、大图标、方言识别、一键操作等功能,将操作界面简单化、无障碍化,以降低技术门槛,提升老年病人的使用体验,提高老年病人的接受度;同时采用多模态方法提供信息,增强系统动态适配能力,满足不同认知习惯和信息处理能力病人的个性化需求。3)安全性与隐私保护也是病人的重要考量因素,必须完善相关法律法规与行业标准,明确人工智能技术应用边界和伦理规范要求,建立健全监管机制。制定数据使用与安全准则,规范流程操作,明确数据加密、访问权限分级及数据脱敏等技术安全措施,确保病人敏感信息的保密性与完整性[41]。同时,应建立常态化安全审计与动态隐私风险评估机制,及时修补漏洞,提升系统整体防护能力,实现技术效能、临床需求与伦理规范的深度融合。
本研究共纳入26篇文献,系统梳理了对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的应用现状,涵盖对话代理特征、干预内容、结局指标以及效果等方面的研究。对话代理为癌症病人提供“以病人为中心”的精准干预策略,在改善癌症病人自我管理能力、生活质量,提高满意度与依从性,优化医疗资源配置和促进医患沟通与信息共享方面展现出良好的应用前景。但当前研究仍存在一定局限性,部分研究为试点研究,样本量较小,评估指标存在较大异质性,且缺乏长期随访数据。未来应进一步开展大样本、多中心、长期随访的高质量的实证研究,以验证对话代理在癌症病人症状管理中的长期效果和安全性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.019
  • 接收时间:2025-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-14
  • 修回日期:2026-04-29
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    1湖北医药学院,湖北 442000
    2荆楚理工学院附属中心医院
    3荆楚理工学院

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