Article(id=1322929432876425295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766937600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-29, revisedDate=1783526400000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340555638, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340555638, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340555638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340555638, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2702, endPage=2709, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929433211969616, articleId=1322929432876425295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and its influencing factors, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the characteristics of potential categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and their influencing factors,thereby providing reference for optimizing the nursing work environment and alleviating workplace ostracism issues.

Methods

A total of 1 294 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary grade A hospitals in Hainan province from July to August 2025 were selected as the study participants.The survey was conducted by using the General Information Questionnaire,the Workplace Ostracism Scale,Nurse Head Negative Leadership Behavior Scale,Interpersonal Trust Scale,Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,Big Five Personality Scale.Latent profile analysis was used to identify categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different categories of clinical nurse workplace ostracism.

Results

The Workplace Ostracism Scale score for the 1 294 clinical nurses was 21.23±9.85.They were classified into four categories:low workplace ostracism-integrated type(40.9%),occasional workplace ostracism type(30.2%),moderate workplace ostracism type(20.4%),and severe workplace ostracism type(8.5%).The frequency of night shifts per month,income satisfaction,health status over the past 6 months,department,negative leadership behaviors of head nurses,interpersonal trust,social avoidance and distress,and the Big-Five personality traits were the influencing factors of workplace ostracism among different categories of clinical nurses(P<0.05).Interpersonal trust,social avoidance,and distress partially mediate the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism.The Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Workplace ostracism among clinical nurses is relatively common in tertiary grade A hospitals.Hospital administrators should strengthen their attention to the population affected by workplace ostracism,so as to improve the workplace environment and enhance the quality of nursing care.

, authors=Shuai ZHANG, Zhaohao HE, Ting TANG, Qiumei ZHENG, Liurong CHENG, authorsList=Shuai ZHANG, Zhaohao HE, Ting TANG, Qiumei ZHENG, Liurong CHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liurong CHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929436219285590, articleId=1322929432876425295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=临床护士职场排斥的潜在剖面分析及影响因素, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索临床护士职场排斥的潜在类别特征及其影响因素,为优化护士职业环境、缓解职场排斥问题提供参考。

方法

选取2025年7月—8月海南省5所三级甲等医院的1 294名临床护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、职场排斥量表、护士长负性领导行为量表、人际信任量表、社交回避及苦恼量表及大五人格量表进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别临床护士职场排斥类别,采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同类别临床护士职场排斥的影响因素。

结果

1 294名临床护士职场排斥量表得分为(21.23±9.85)分,可分为低职场排斥融入型(40.9%)、偶发职场排斥型(30.2%)、中度职场排斥型(20.4%)、重度职场排斥型(8.5%)4个类别。每月夜班频次、收入满意度、近6个月健康状况、科室、护士长负性领导行为、人际信任、社交回避及苦恼、大五人格是不同类别临床护士职场排斥的影响因素(P<0.05)。人际信任和社交回避及苦恼在护士长负性领导行为与职场排斥间起部分中介作用;大五人格在护士长负性领导行为与职场排斥间起调节作用(P<0.05)。

结论

临床护士职场排斥在三级甲等医院中较为普遍,医院管理者应加强对影响职场排斥类别人群的关注,以期改善职场环境,提升护理质量。

, authors=张帅, 何昭好, 汤婷, 郑秋梅, 程柳榕*, *, authorsList=张帅, 何昭好, 汤婷, 郑秋梅, 程柳榕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=程柳榕, authorNote=

张帅,副主任护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
程柳榕,E-mail:
CHENG Liurong, E-mail:
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keyword=职场排斥), Keyword(id=1322929445413199999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=潜在剖面分析), Keyword(id=1322929445484503168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=影响因素), Keyword(id=1322929445555806337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=调查研究)], refs=[Reference(id=1322929449049661587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=12, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Zhang S E, Ma C Y, Meng D X, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang S E,Ma C Y,Meng D X,et al.Impact of workplace incivility in hospitals on the work ability,career expectations and 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rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Shafique I, Qammar A, Kalyar M N, journalName=Journal of Asia Business Studies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shafique I,Qammar A,Kalyar M N,et al.Workplace ostracism and deviant behaviour among nurses:a parallel mediation model[J].Journal of Asia Business Studies,2020,15(1):50-71., articleTitle=Workplace ostracism and deviant behaviour among nurses:a parallel mediation model, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929436689047639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929436701630552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, companyId=1322929436689047639, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan 570311 China), 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Pathway diagram of the mediating effect of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses, figureFileSmall=gL/lmeBcDH39PUQTJSYb1w==, figureFileBig=0ylmI3BqJthj+b21v+dS0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929446205923461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=图2, caption=临床护士职场排斥中介效应路径图, figureFileSmall=gL/lmeBcDH39PUQTJSYb1w==, figureFileBig=0ylmI3BqJthj+b21v+dS0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929446285615238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of the Workplace Ostracism Scale,the Nurse Head Negative Leadership Behavior Scale,the Interpersonal Trust Scale,the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,and the Big-Five Personality Scale among clinical nurses(n=1 294)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分(x±s)
职场排斥量表21.23±9.85
护士长负性领导行为量表67.00±25.07
人际信任量表41.32±9.97
社交回避及苦恼量表47.04±13.02
大五人格量表37.39±8.53
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446352724103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

临床护士职场排斥量表、护士长负性领导行为量表、人际信任量表、社交回避及苦恼量表及大五人格量表得分(n=1 294)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分(x±s)
职场排斥量表21.23±9.85
护士长负性领导行为量表67.00±25.07
人际信任量表41.32±9.97
社交回避及苦恼量表47.04±13.02
大五人格量表37.39±8.53
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446415638664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting indicators for different category models of potential profiles of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型LLAICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
1-19 411.73338 863.46638 966.77638 903.2461.000 0
2-14 348.54428 759.08928 919.21928 820.7470.979<0.001<0.0010.685 5/ 0.314 5
3-12 123.94324 331.88624 548.83724 415.4240.987<0.001<0.0010.428 3/0.470 5/ 0.101 2
4-9 830.76419 767.527200 41.29819 872.9430.990<0.001<0.0010.408 1/0.301 6/0.205 2/0.085 2
5-9 212.01018 552.01918 882.61118 679.3140.9920.003<0.0010.408 2/0.200 5/0.065 4/0.298 9/0.027 0
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446629548169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

临床护士职场排斥潜在剖面不同类别模型的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型LLAICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
1-19 411.73338 863.46638 966.77638 903.2461.000 0
2-14 348.54428 759.08928 919.21928 820.7470.979<0.001<0.0010.685 5/ 0.314 5
3-12 123.94324 331.88624 548.83724 415.4240.987<0.001<0.0010.428 3/0.470 5/ 0.101 2
4-9 830.76419 767.527200 41.29819 872.9430.990<0.001<0.0010.408 1/0.301 6/0.205 2/0.085 2
5-9 212.01018 552.01918 882.61118 679.3140.9920.003<0.0010.408 2/0.200 5/0.065 4/0.298 9/0.027 0
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446730211466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis results of factors influencing different categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses(n=1 294)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目低职场排斥
融入型(n=529)
偶发职场排斥型(n=391)中度职场排斥型(n=264)重度职场排斥型(n=110)统计值P
性别[人(%)] 男32(6.0)30(7.7)22(8.3)9(8.2)χ2=1.8480.604
女497(94.0)361(92.3)242(91.7)101(91.8)
年龄(岁)35.77±7.8235.97±8.1136.33±7.6835.15±6.85F=0.6710.570
文化程度[人(%)] 专科及以下82(15.5)50(12.8)28(10.6)18(16.4)χ2=4.5050.212
本科及以上447(84.5)341(87.2)236(89.4)92(83.6)
婚姻状况[人(%)] 未婚117(22.1)110(28.1)60(22.7)22(20.0)
已婚402(76.0)267(68.3)196(74.2)87(79.1)χ2=10.7990.095
离异及丧偶10(1.9)14(3.6)8(3.0)1(0.9)
有无子女[人(%)] 无147(27.8)131(33.5)73(27.7)25(22.7)χ2=6.5550.088
有382(72.2)260(66.5)191(72.3)85(77.3)
职称[人(%)] 护士23(4.3)18(4.6)14(5.3)5(4.5)χ2=10.6250.302
护师269(50.9)164(41.9)116(43.9)56(50.9)
主管护师209(39.5)185(47.3)117(44.3)46(41.8)
副主任护师及以上28(5.3)24(6.1)17(6.4)3(2.7)
工作年限(年)12(8,18)13(8,17.5)14(9,18)12(8,16)H=2.1970.533
聘用类型[人(%)] 临时聘用202(38.2)145(37.1)99(37.5)43(39.1)
人事代理136(25.7)83(21.2)73(27.7)24(21.8)χ2=6.1770.404
在编191(36.1)163(41.7)92(34.8)43(39.1)
所在科室[人(%)] 内科205(38.8)177(45.3)102(38.6)45(40.9)χ2=23.2770.025
外科176(33.3)101(25.8)68(25.8)27(24.5)
急诊科42(7.9)29(7.4)30(11.4)18(16.4)
重症监护室49(9.3)43(11.0)37(14.0)11(10.0)
其他57(10.8)41(10.5)27(10.2)9(8.2)
每月夜班频次(次)8(2,12)9(2,12)10(4,12)10(5,12)H=23.562<0.001
收入满意度[人(%)] 非常不满意、不满意153(28.9)153(39.1)129(48.9)52(47.3)
不确定95(18.0)97(24.8)70(26.5)21(19.1)χ2=71.121<0.001
满意、非常满意281(53.1)141(36.1)65(24.6)37(33.6)
近6个月健康状况[人(%)] 差39(7.4)36(9.2)36(13.6)19(17.3)χ2=74.811<0.001
较差112(21.2)118(30.2)109(41.3)34(30.9)
较好252(47.6)190(48.6)86(32.6)38(34.5)
好126(23.8)47(12.0)33(12.5)19(17.3)
护士长负性领导行为量表得分(分)45.0±5.165.5±7.691.0±11.2120.2±14.4F=3 361.44<0.001
人际信任量表得分(分)49.5±5.242.0±5.332.1±4.022.1±3.1F=1 405.006<0.001
社交回避及苦恼量表得分(分)35.0±4.048.0±6.060.4±7.569.2±6.6F=1 833.422<0.001
大五人格量表得分(分)43.9±5.437.8±5.230.1±4.322.1±2.9F=841.352<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446835069067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

临床护士职场排斥不同类别影响因素的单因素分析结果(n=1 294)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目低职场排斥
融入型(n=529)
偶发职场排斥型(n=391)中度职场排斥型(n=264)重度职场排斥型(n=110)统计值P
性别[人(%)] 男32(6.0)30(7.7)22(8.3)9(8.2)χ2=1.8480.604
女497(94.0)361(92.3)242(91.7)101(91.8)
年龄(岁)35.77±7.8235.97±8.1136.33±7.6835.15±6.85F=0.6710.570
文化程度[人(%)] 专科及以下82(15.5)50(12.8)28(10.6)18(16.4)χ2=4.5050.212
本科及以上447(84.5)341(87.2)236(89.4)92(83.6)
婚姻状况[人(%)] 未婚117(22.1)110(28.1)60(22.7)22(20.0)
已婚402(76.0)267(68.3)196(74.2)87(79.1)χ2=10.7990.095
离异及丧偶10(1.9)14(3.6)8(3.0)1(0.9)
有无子女[人(%)] 无147(27.8)131(33.5)73(27.7)25(22.7)χ2=6.5550.088
有382(72.2)260(66.5)191(72.3)85(77.3)
职称[人(%)] 护士23(4.3)18(4.6)14(5.3)5(4.5)χ2=10.6250.302
护师269(50.9)164(41.9)116(43.9)56(50.9)
主管护师209(39.5)185(47.3)117(44.3)46(41.8)
副主任护师及以上28(5.3)24(6.1)17(6.4)3(2.7)
工作年限(年)12(8,18)13(8,17.5)14(9,18)12(8,16)H=2.1970.533
聘用类型[人(%)] 临时聘用202(38.2)145(37.1)99(37.5)43(39.1)
人事代理136(25.7)83(21.2)73(27.7)24(21.8)χ2=6.1770.404
在编191(36.1)163(41.7)92(34.8)43(39.1)
所在科室[人(%)] 内科205(38.8)177(45.3)102(38.6)45(40.9)χ2=23.2770.025
外科176(33.3)101(25.8)68(25.8)27(24.5)
急诊科42(7.9)29(7.4)30(11.4)18(16.4)
重症监护室49(9.3)43(11.0)37(14.0)11(10.0)
其他57(10.8)41(10.5)27(10.2)9(8.2)
每月夜班频次(次)8(2,12)9(2,12)10(4,12)10(5,12)H=23.562<0.001
收入满意度[人(%)] 非常不满意、不满意153(28.9)153(39.1)129(48.9)52(47.3)
不确定95(18.0)97(24.8)70(26.5)21(19.1)χ2=71.121<0.001
满意、非常满意281(53.1)141(36.1)65(24.6)37(33.6)
近6个月健康状况[人(%)] 差39(7.4)36(9.2)36(13.6)19(17.3)χ2=74.811<0.001
较差112(21.2)118(30.2)109(41.3)34(30.9)
较好252(47.6)190(48.6)86(32.6)38(34.5)
好126(23.8)47(12.0)33(12.5)19(17.3)
护士长负性领导行为量表得分(分)45.0±5.165.5±7.691.0±11.2120.2±14.4F=3 361.44<0.001
人际信任量表得分(分)49.5±5.242.0±5.332.1±4.022.1±3.1F=1 405.006<0.001
社交回避及苦恼量表得分(分)35.0±4.048.0±6.060.4±7.569.2±6.6F=1 833.422<0.001
大五人格量表得分(分)43.9±5.437.8±5.230.1±4.322.1±2.9F=841.352<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929446939926669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable assignment status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值方式
每月夜班频次原值输入
收入满意度非常不满意、不满意=1,不确定=2,满意、非常满意=3
近6个月健康状况差=1,较差=2,较好=3,好=4
所在科室内科=(0,0,0,0),外科=(1,0,0,0),急诊科=(0,1,0,0),重症监护室=(0,0,1,0),其他=(0,0,0,1)
护士长负性领导行为总分原值输入
人际信任总分原值输入
社交回避及苦恼总分原值输入
大五人格总分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322929447015424142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目赋值方式
每月夜班频次原值输入
收入满意度非常不满意、不满意=1,不确定=2,满意、非常满意=3
近6个月健康状况差=1,较差=2,较好=3,好=4
所在科室内科=(0,0,0,0),外科=(1,0,0,0),急诊科=(0,1,0,0),重症监护室=(0,0,1,0),其他=(0,0,0,1)
护士长负性领导行为总分原值输入
人际信任总分原值输入
社交回避及苦恼总分原值输入
大五人格总分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322929448676368527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Logistic regression analysis results of factors influencing different categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
下限上限
偶发职场排斥型常数0.9280.3696.3330.012
收入满意度-0.1770.0735.7820.0160.8380.7260.968
近6个月健康状况-0.2690.08510.0960.0010.7640.6470.902
护士长负性领导行为0.3870.06042.193<0.0011.4731.3101.655
人际信任-0.2120.05813.456<0.0010.8090.7230.906
社交回避及苦恼0.5130.09628.617<0.0011.6701.3842.015
大五人格-0.1560.0587.2550.0070.8560.7640.958
中度职场排斥型常数1.4510.41212.433<0.001
每月夜班频次0.0390.0165.8680.0151.0401.0071.073
收入满意度-0.3810.08420.446<0.0010.6830.5800.806
近6个月健康状况-0.4440.09621.504<0.0010.6420.5320.774
护士长负性领导行为0.7060.08568.814<0.0012.0251.7142393
人际信任-0.8310.15030.840<0.0010.4360.3250.584
社交回避及苦恼0.8430.12545.512<0.0012.3221.8182.966
大五人格-0.5760.11126.986<0.0010.5620.4520.698
重度职场排斥型常数0.0640.5770.0120.912
收入满意度-0.3280.1158.1480.0040.7200.5750.902
近6个月健康状况-0.3920.1309.1240.0030.6760.5240.871
所在科室(急诊科)0.9730.4734.2320.0402.6461.0476.687
护士长负性领导行为1.2030.21930.164<0.0013.3312.1685.117
人际信任-1.6730.33724.707<0.0010.1880.0970.363
社交回避及苦恼0.9500.15637.204<0.0012.5861.9063.510
大五人格-1.6010.39416.527<0.0010.2020.0930.436
), ArticleFig(id=1322929448772837520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

临床护士职场排斥不同类别影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
下限上限
偶发职场排斥型常数0.9280.3696.3330.012
收入满意度-0.1770.0735.7820.0160.8380.7260.968
近6个月健康状况-0.2690.08510.0960.0010.7640.6470.902
护士长负性领导行为0.3870.06042.193<0.0011.4731.3101.655
人际信任-0.2120.05813.456<0.0010.8090.7230.906
社交回避及苦恼0.5130.09628.617<0.0011.6701.3842.015
大五人格-0.1560.0587.2550.0070.8560.7640.958
中度职场排斥型常数1.4510.41212.433<0.001
每月夜班频次0.0390.0165.8680.0151.0401.0071.073
收入满意度-0.3810.08420.446<0.0010.6830.5800.806
近6个月健康状况-0.4440.09621.504<0.0010.6420.5320.774
护士长负性领导行为0.7060.08568.814<0.0012.0251.7142393
人际信任-0.8310.15030.840<0.0010.4360.3250.584
社交回避及苦恼0.8430.12545.512<0.0012.3221.8182.966
大五人格-0.5760.11126.986<0.0010.5620.4520.698
重度职场排斥型常数0.0640.5770.0120.912
收入满意度-0.3280.1158.1480.0040.7200.5750.902
近6个月健康状况-0.3920.1309.1240.0030.6760.5240.871
所在科室(急诊科)0.9730.4734.2320.0402.6461.0476.687
护士长负性领导行为1.2030.21930.164<0.0013.3312.1685.117
人际信任-1.6730.33724.707<0.0010.1880.0970.363
社交回避及苦恼0.9500.15637.204<0.0012.5861.9063.510
大五人格-1.6010.39416.527<0.0010.2020.0930.436
), ArticleFig(id=1322929448865112209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929432876425295, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of the mediating effects of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值中介效应占比(%)95%CI
下限上限
护士长负性领导行为→人际信任→职场排斥0.06919.490.0560.083
护士长负性领导行为→社交回避及苦恼→职场排斥0.09827.680.0840.112
总中介效应0.16747.180.1490.185
总效应0.354100.00
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临床护士职场排斥的中介效应分析

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路径效应值中介效应占比(%)95%CI
下限上限
护士长负性领导行为→人际信任→职场排斥0.06919.490.0560.083
护士长负性领导行为→社交回避及苦恼→职场排斥0.09827.680.0840.112
总中介效应0.16747.180.1490.185
总效应0.354100.00
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临床护士职场排斥的潜在剖面分析及影响因素
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张帅 , 何昭好 , 汤婷 , 郑秋梅 , 程柳榕 *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(15): 2702-2709
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (15) : 2702 -2709
临床护士职场排斥的潜在剖面分析及影响因素
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张帅, 何昭好, 汤婷, 郑秋梅, 程柳榕*, *
作者信息
  • 1海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院),海南 570311
通讯作者:
程柳榕,E-mail:
CHENG Liurong, E-mail:
作者简介:

张帅,副主任护师,硕士研究生

Latent profile analysis of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and its influencing factors
Shuai ZHANG, Zhaohao HE, Ting TANG, Qiumei ZHENG, Liurong CHENG
Affiliations
  • 1Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Hainan 570311 China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.017
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目的

探索临床护士职场排斥的潜在类别特征及其影响因素,为优化护士职业环境、缓解职场排斥问题提供参考。

方法

选取2025年7月—8月海南省5所三级甲等医院的1 294名临床护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、职场排斥量表、护士长负性领导行为量表、人际信任量表、社交回避及苦恼量表及大五人格量表进行调查。采用潜在剖面分析识别临床护士职场排斥类别,采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同类别临床护士职场排斥的影响因素。

结果

1 294名临床护士职场排斥量表得分为(21.23±9.85)分,可分为低职场排斥融入型(40.9%)、偶发职场排斥型(30.2%)、中度职场排斥型(20.4%)、重度职场排斥型(8.5%)4个类别。每月夜班频次、收入满意度、近6个月健康状况、科室、护士长负性领导行为、人际信任、社交回避及苦恼、大五人格是不同类别临床护士职场排斥的影响因素(P<0.05)。人际信任和社交回避及苦恼在护士长负性领导行为与职场排斥间起部分中介作用;大五人格在护士长负性领导行为与职场排斥间起调节作用(P<0.05)。

结论

临床护士职场排斥在三级甲等医院中较为普遍,医院管理者应加强对影响职场排斥类别人群的关注,以期改善职场环境,提升护理质量。

护士  /  职场排斥  /  潜在剖面分析  /  影响因素  /  调查研究
Objective

To explore the characteristics of potential categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and their influencing factors,thereby providing reference for optimizing the nursing work environment and alleviating workplace ostracism issues.

Methods

A total of 1 294 clinical nurses from 5 tertiary grade A hospitals in Hainan province from July to August 2025 were selected as the study participants.The survey was conducted by using the General Information Questionnaire,the Workplace Ostracism Scale,Nurse Head Negative Leadership Behavior Scale,Interpersonal Trust Scale,Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,Big Five Personality Scale.Latent profile analysis was used to identify categories of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of different categories of clinical nurse workplace ostracism.

Results

The Workplace Ostracism Scale score for the 1 294 clinical nurses was 21.23±9.85.They were classified into four categories:low workplace ostracism-integrated type(40.9%),occasional workplace ostracism type(30.2%),moderate workplace ostracism type(20.4%),and severe workplace ostracism type(8.5%).The frequency of night shifts per month,income satisfaction,health status over the past 6 months,department,negative leadership behaviors of head nurses,interpersonal trust,social avoidance and distress,and the Big-Five personality traits were the influencing factors of workplace ostracism among different categories of clinical nurses(P<0.05).Interpersonal trust,social avoidance,and distress partially mediate the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism.The Big Five personality traits have a moderating effect on the relationship between negative leadership behavior of head nurses and workplace ostracism(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Workplace ostracism among clinical nurses is relatively common in tertiary grade A hospitals.Hospital administrators should strengthen their attention to the population affected by workplace ostracism,so as to improve the workplace environment and enhance the quality of nursing care.

nurses  /  workplace ostracism  /  latent profile analysis,LPA  /  influencing factors  /  investigation
张帅, 何昭好, 汤婷, 郑秋梅, 程柳榕. 临床护士职场排斥的潜在剖面分析及影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2702 -2709 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.017
Shuai ZHANG, Zhaohao HE, Ting TANG, Qiumei ZHENG, Liurong CHENG. Latent profile analysis of workplace ostracism among clinical nurses and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2702 -2709 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.017
目前,我国医疗体系长期处于规模扩张与质量提升的双重转型中,资源分配不均衡与效率导向的管理逻辑,直接加剧了护士间的竞争压力,进而催生职场排斥行为[1]。临床护士的职场排斥是医疗行业中较为隐蔽但影响深远的问题,指护士在工作场景中被同事、上级或团队以刻意忽视、社交隔离、信息屏蔽、任务边缘化等方式排除在正常职场互动之外的现象[2]。职场排斥并非单一因素导致,而是个体特质、团队环境和行业制度共同作用的结果,且长期隐蔽存在,危害易被低估[3-4]。护士职场排斥不仅影响护士个人心理健康和职业发展,还会对团队协作、护理质量和病人安全产生负面影响[5]。现已有研究揭示了职场排斥的普遍性和影响机制,但对护士职场排斥的前因变量研究较少,且多将护士作为同质群体进行研究,忽视了个体间的差异性[6]。潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)是一种在统计学和心理学领域广泛应用的分析方法,主要功能在于能够有效识别和区分群体内部的异质性特征[7]。因此,本研究通过潜在剖面分析,揭示临床护士职场排斥的不同表现类型,为制订差异化干预策略、改善护士执业环境及保障医疗服务质量提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,于2025年7月—8月,对海南省5所三级甲等医院的1 350名临床护士进行问卷调查。纳入标准:1)注册护士;2)工作年限≥1年;3)本人知情同意并自愿参加。排除标准:1)轮转及进修护士;2)因病假、产假等原因不在工作岗位≥6个月的护士;3)处于妊娠期的护士。根据多变量分析对样本量的要求,本研究涉及22个变量,样本量至少为变量数的10~20倍,考虑20%的无效问卷和结果的适用性及可靠性,所需样本量为275~550例。本研究已经海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院)医学伦理委员会批准(审批号:医伦研〔2025〕612号)。
本研究以“个体-环境-行为”的三元交互决定论作为理论依据[8],通过文献检索及小组讨论纳入可能影响临床护士职场排斥的因素,即环境因素:护士长负性领导行为;个体心理与行为因素:大五人格、人际信任、社交回避及苦恼。分别采用一般资料调查表、职场排斥量表、护士长负性领导行为量表、人际信任量表、社交回避及苦恼量表、大五人格量表进行调查。
由课题组基于文献自行设计一般资料调查表,包含性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、工作年限、收入满意度等12个变量。
职场排斥量表由Ferris等[9]编制,吴隆增等[10]汉化,量表共10个条目,各条目采用Likert 5级评分法(1~5分),总分10~50分。量表得分越高,说明调查对象的职场排斥感越严重。该量表应用广泛,其Cronbach's α系数为0.900,具有良好的信效度。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.976。
护士长负性领导行为量表由郭雪琴[11]编制,共36个条目,采用Likert 5级评分法,从“完全不符合”到“完全符合”依次赋值1~5分,总分36~180分,得分越高表示护士长负性领导行为越严重。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.896,本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.947。
人际信任量表由Rotter[12]编制,丁妩瑶等[13]汉化,共11个条目,各条目采用Likert 5级评分法(1~5分),总分11~55分,得分越高表示受试者人际信任水平越高。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.834,本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.938。
社交回避及苦恼量表由Watson等[14]编制,汪向东等[15]汉化,为单维度量表,共28个条目,各条目采用Likert 3级评分法(1~3分),总分28~84分,得分越高表示受试者社交回避及苦恼程度越严重。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.860,信效度较好。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.896。
大五人格量表由Gosling等[16]编制,王孟成等[17]汉化,共10个条目,各条目采用Likert 5级评分法(1~5分),总分10~50分,得分越高表示受试者人格特质越成熟。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.829,信效度良好。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.952。
开展问卷调查前,联络调查医院护理部主任,征得其同意后通过医院线上工作群推送、护士长协助等方式进行宣传与推送。采用问卷星平台收集数据,问卷星链接首页使用统一指导语,向临床护士解释本次调查研究的目的、意义和方法,以及问卷填写时的注意事项,并确保填写信息匿名和保密,数据仅供本次研究使用。采用以下方法保证线上问卷填写质量:1)设置所有题目为必填项;2)针对年龄、工作年限等设置填写范围;3)问卷星分页设置填写,每完成一页获得阶段性反馈以提升填写积极性。调查结束后,采用Excel双人核查录入,对问卷进行逐一检查,剔除选项统一或有逻辑性问题等无效问卷,确保数据的准确性。本研究共发放问卷1 350份,回收有效问卷1 294份,有效回收率为95.85%。
应用SPSS 25.0软件进行数据的统计分析,根据数据的正态分布情况,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,不符合正态分布的定量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]描述,采用t检验与方差分析或非参数秩和检验分析;定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)描述,采用χ2检验。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的指标纳入多元Logistic回归分析,探讨职场排斥不同类别的影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。采用Mplus 7.4软件进行潜在剖面建模,比较模型拟合指标包括贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)、经过样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(sample size-adjusted BIC,aBIC)、赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、熵值(Entropy)及罗·梦戴尔·鲁本似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin test,LMRT)、对数似然比(likelihood ratio,LL)检验及基于Bootstrap的似然比检验(Bootstrap likelihood ratiotest,BLRT),以确定最佳模型。其中熵值越接近1,模型精确率越高;似然比检验及基于Bootstrap的似然比检验P<0.05表示模型优。采用PROCESS Model 4检验平行中介效应,PROCESS Model 1检验调节效应。
共纳入临床护士1 294人,其中男93人(7.2%),女1 201人(92.8%);年龄(35.76±7.78)岁;婚姻状况:未婚309人(23.9%),已婚947人(73.2%),离异及丧偶38人(2.9%);文化程度:专科及以下178人(13.8%),本科及以上1 116人(86.2%);工作年限(12.56±8.12)年;职称:护士60人(4.6%),护师605人(46.8%),主管护师及以上629人(48.6%);用工性质:在编489人(37.8%),人事代理316人(24.4%),临时聘用489人(37.8%);科室分布:内科529人(40.9%),外科372人(28.7%),重症监护室140人(10.8%),急诊119人(9.2%),其他科室134人(10.4%);每月夜班频次8~10次;收入满意度:不满意487人(37.6%),一般283人(21.9%),满意524人(40.5%);近6个月健康状况:好225人(17.4%),较好566人(43.7%),较差373人(28.8%),差130人(10.1%)。
对护士职场排斥进行潜在剖面分析,共拟合了5个模型,护士职场排斥潜在剖面不同类别模型拟合结果见表2。随着类别的增加,模型拟合指标逐渐减小,熵值逐渐增加,说明模型拟合结果优异。采用5类别模型时,其中1个类别占比少于潜在剖面分析所要求的各模型需至少50例被试者的标准,不符合分析方法要求,结合实际意义,最终选择4类别模型作为最终拟合结果。
通过绘制临床护士职场排斥4类别模型的潜在剖面折线图,对4类别护士职场排斥进行命名。类别1为“低职场排斥融入型”,临床护士职场排斥量表总分为(12.07±2.30)分,各条目均分≤2.04分,共529例,占40.9%;类别2为“偶发职场排斥型”,临床护士职场排斥量表总分为(21.43±2.31)分,各条目均分为2.84分,共391例,占30.2%;类别3为“中度职场排斥型”,临床护士职场排斥量表总分为(30.36±2.09)分,相较其他类别,得分处于中等,共264例,占20.4%;类别4为“重度职场排斥型”,临床护士职场排斥量表总分为(42.67±4.71)分,高于其他类别,且各条目均分≥4.20分,共110例,占8.5%。详见图1。
单因素分析结果显示,临床护士所在科室、每月夜班频次、收入满意度、近6个月健康状况、护士长负性领导行为、人际信任、社交回避及苦恼、大五人格对临床护士职场排斥类别有影响(P<0.05),详见表3。
以低职场排斥融入型作为参照组,将有统计学意义差异的变量进行多元无序Logistic回归分析。自变量赋值方式见表4。结果显示,每月夜班频次、收入满意度、近6个月健康状况、所在科室、护士长负性领导行为、人际信任、社交回避及苦恼、大五人格是临床护士职场排斥不同类别的影响因素(P<0.05),详见表5。
将临床护士职场排斥不同类别的影响因素通过中介作用分析,进一步明确其对职场排斥形成的内在机制。结果显示:人际信任(M1)和社交回避及苦恼(M2)在护士长负性领导行为(X)与职场排斥(Y)之间起到了部分中介作用;大五人格(W)在护士长负性领导行为(X)与职场排斥(Y)之间起调节作用(P<0.05)。详见表6。最终形成临床护士职场排斥中介效应路径图,详见图2。
本研究采用潜在剖面分析,最终识别出低职场排斥融入型、偶发职场排斥型、中度职场排斥型、重度职场排斥型4个潜在类别。本研究中1 294名临床护士职场排斥得分为(21.23±9.85)分,与詹思群等[18]研究结论一致。从潜在剖面分析结果来看,低职场排斥型护士占比(40.9%)最高,该群体的各条目得分均处于较低水平,其职业满意度显著高于其他类型。表明临床护士群体整体并非处于高排斥状态,仍有半数护士拥有相对健康的职场人际关系和工作氛围,这可能与海南省近些年大力推进医疗人才队伍建设,加强医院人文管理有关[19-20]。偶发职场排斥型占比30.2%,这类护士的排斥体验多与临时工作冲突、短期人际误解等情境相关,符合职场排斥情境依赖性的特征。但近30%的护士仍面临中重度职场排斥,其中重度排斥组各条目均分≥4.20分,长期遭受持续性职场排斥,其职业功能与心理健康已受到严重威胁,与苟莉等[21]研究结果相似,凸显了职场排斥在三级甲等医院护理群体中的紧迫性。
结果显示,工作组织层面的护士长负性领导行为、每月夜班频次及急诊科室工作是临床护士职场排斥不同类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。重度职场排斥型护士长负性领导行为是职场排斥的最强预测因素;中度职场排斥型每月夜班频次高,急诊科室护士归入重度排斥型的概率是低职场排斥融入型的2.646倍。主要原因为护士长的不公平对待、不友善的沟通或不透明的决策等,促使护士心理防御增强[22-23],而这种防御行为又会被同事解读为不配合,从而引发模仿性排斥[24];其次,频繁夜班导致的昼夜节律紊乱与社会联结弱化,会加剧护士孤独感与情绪耗竭,间接降低人际互动意愿[25-26]。针对以上问题,建议从行为规范与环境优化方面进行改进:1)开展护士长专项培训,建立护士参与决策机制,定期召开科务会邀请不同层级护士讨论排班与流程优化,维系领导与护士的信任关系;2)优化夜班排班制度,结合护士健康与意愿控制夜班频次,提高补贴;3)为急诊科增设协作激励机制,如对主动互助行为给予绩效加分与团体情绪疏导等,缓解高压环境下的人际冲突。
本研究结果显示,个体身心状态方面因素与临床护士职场排斥相关,收入满意度(满意及非常满意)方面,低职场排斥融入型达53.1%,重度职场排斥型仅为33.6%;近6个月健康状况“好”的比例显著高于重度职场排斥型,而社交回避及苦恼得分相反。一方面可能与收入满意度低相关,护士的付出与回报比不平衡,直接削弱其团队协作主动性,进一步增加职业排斥[27];另一方面,护士健康受损后可能会将工作负荷转嫁给同事,进而引发隐性排斥[28-29]。建议应明确工作强度与薪酬动态挂钩,如将夜班频次、科室繁忙系数纳入计算,明细公示;护士需定期体检,对健康评分低的护士安排临时低强度的健康支持岗等,避免负荷转嫁;新入职护士通过大五人格测评适配岗位,对人格成熟度低者开展情绪管理、协作模拟等培训,最终形成高信任、高协作和低排斥的正向互动。
本研究中临床护士职场排斥影响因素共涉及8个变量。其中急诊科室归于分类属性变量,而非过程性或调节性机制变量,与Shafique等[30]研究逻辑一致,故未纳入中介效应分析。本研究中人际信任和社交回避及苦恼在护士长负性领导行为与职场排斥之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的47.18%,表明护士长负性领导行为不仅直接导致护士产生职场排斥感,还通过降低其人际信任和增加社交回避及苦恼间接影响职场排斥;大五人格与护士长负性领导行为的交互项对职场排斥有显著影响,提示针对临床护士职场排斥,可通过规范护士长关键行为以减少中介路径的触发,避免因不透明、不公平等问题破坏信任或引发焦虑,同时结合护士人格特质优化岗位适配,强化人格对中介效应的缓冲能力。
本研究的研究设计存在一定局限性:首先,职场排斥量表虽然经过信效度检验,但该量表最初基于西方文化背景开发,可能未涵盖我国医院情境下的排斥行为,测量结果的准确性仍需进一步验证;其次,本研究为横断面研究,无法揭示职场排斥的动态变化过程和因果关系;最后,研究样本主要来源于海南省的医院,样本的代表性有待提升。
本研究通过对海南省5所三级甲等医院1 294名临床护士的调查分析,明确了护士职场排斥的现状及影响因素。三级甲等医院护士职场排斥现象具有普遍性,影响因素呈现多元复合特征,机制分析揭示了领导行为、个人心理特质与职场排斥之间的复杂关联。综上所述,海南省三级甲等医院临床护士职场排斥问题亟待给予针对性干预,有效改善职场环境,进而提升护理质量与护理职业稳定性。

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2026年第40卷第15期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.017
  • 接收时间:2025-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29
  • 修回日期:2026-07-09
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    1海南省人民医院(海南医科大学附属海南医院),海南 570311

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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