Article(id=1322927411754566331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765987200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-18, revisedDate=1785600000000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340073765, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340073765, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340073765, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340073765, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924976893993108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='16', pageStart='2769', pageEnd='2960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339493249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343103544, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2774, endPage=2780, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322927411968475836, articleId=1322927411754566331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay in patients with colorectal cancer, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the influencing factors of presentation delay among patients with colorectal cancer,and to quantify the dose-response relationship and stratified differences between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay,in order to provide a basis for precise intervention.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed involving 910 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from January 2024 to August 2025 at a tertiary grade A hospital in Sichuan province.Demographic characteristics,health treatment behaviors and colorectal cancer awareness level were collected via questionnaires and electronic medical records.Linear regression,restricted cubic spline(RCS) model and stratified analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The median presentation delay of colorectal cancer patients was 84 days,and 48.79% of patients suffered presentation delay exceeding 90 days.Linear regression analysis indicated that educational level,per capita monthly household income,type of medical insurance and having medical workers in the family were influencing factors for presentation delay(all P<0.05).After adjusting for confounders such as educational level,per capita household income,medical insurance type and family medical background,the restricted cubic spline model revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay.

Conclusions

Presentation delay in colorectal patients is affected by multiple factors,and a dose-response relationship exists between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay.Targeted health education for high-risk groups,optimized medical security and improved accessibility of medical resources are suggested to shorten presentation delay.

, authors=Jia CHEN1, Xinyu GAO2, Qiulong CHEN1, Qing YANG1, 3, authorsList=Jia CHEN, Xinyu GAO, Qiulong CHEN, Qing YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qing YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322927413159658184, articleId=1322927411754566331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=结直肠癌病人肠癌意识与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

明确结直肠癌病人就医延迟的影响因素,量化肠癌意识与就医延迟的剂量-反应关系及分层差异,为精准干预提供依据。

方法

选取2024年1月—2025年8月四川省某三级甲等医院结直肠癌病人910例进行横断面研究。通过问卷及电子病历收集人口学特征、健康诊疗行为及肠癌意识水平。采用线性回归、限制性立方样条及分层分析进行统计。

结果

结直肠癌病人就医延迟时间中位数为84 d,48.79%病人就医延迟超90 d。线性回归结果显示,文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型、家庭成员有无医务工作者为结直肠癌病人就医延迟的影响因素(P<0.05)。调整文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型及家庭成员医疗背景等混杂因素后,限制性立方样条模型显示,肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间存在非线性剂量-反应关系。

结论

结直肠癌病人就医延迟受多方面因素影响,肠癌意识水平与就医延迟存在剂量-反应关系。建议针对高危人群精准宣教,优化医疗保障与资源可及性,缩短就医延迟。

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陈佳,护士,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨青,E-mail:
YANG Qing, E-mail:
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journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=510, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=吴晓丹, 刘艳玲, 朱梅娟, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴晓丹,刘艳玲,朱梅娟,等.家族史阳性的结直肠癌患者就诊延误与社会支持的相关性研究[J].中国卫生统计,2018,35(4):510-514., articleTitle=家族史阳性的结直肠癌患者就诊延误与社会支持的相关性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322927420852011792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=103, issue=48, pageStart=3896, pageEnd=3908, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=中华医学会肿瘤学分会早诊早治学组, journalName=中华医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华医学会肿瘤学分会早诊早治学组.中国结直肠癌早诊早治专家共识(2023版)[J].中华医学杂志,2023,103(48):3896-3908., articleTitle=中国结直肠癌早诊早治专家共识(2023版), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322927420919120657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=274, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Dobson C, Deane J, MacDonald S, journalName=Cancers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Dobson C,Deane J,MacDonald S,et al.Barriers to early presentation amongst rural residents experiencing symptoms of colorectal cancer:a qualitative interview study[J].Cancers,2022,15(1):274., articleTitle=Barriers to early presentation amongst rural residents experiencing symptoms of colorectal cancer:a qualitative interview study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322927413390344905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322927413398733514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, companyId=1322927413390344905, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, companyId=1322927413570699983, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3四川省肿瘤医院·研究所;四川省肿瘤临床医学研究中心 四川省癌症防治中心 电子科技大学附属肿瘤医院(护理部))])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322927416875811567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay in patients with colorectal cancer, figureFileSmall=d21nC+d2tt6K++kpJgktJg==, figureFileBig=qhBFqx8fzKxvlgeXTm5KrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927416951309040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=图1, caption=结直肠癌病人肠癌意识水平与就医延迟剂量-反应关系, figureFileSmall=d21nC+d2tt6K++kpJgktJg==, figureFileBig=qhBFqx8fzKxvlgeXTm5KrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417152635633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Dose-response relationship between the awareness of colorectal cancer and the presentation delay among patients with different families based on their per capita monthly income, figureFileSmall=fQ/M8dp9vcVW+kHyyWI16Q==, figureFileBig=rFT7OHIWjjKyHpwbPthDEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417223938803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同家庭人均月收入病人肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间剂量-反应关系, figureFileSmall=fQ/M8dp9vcVW+kHyyWI16Q==, figureFileBig=rFT7OHIWjjKyHpwbPthDEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417307824884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay among patients with different insurance types, figureFileSmall=fSNL/9VXrtqG+XMDo7+bNQ==, figureFileBig=xO3SBv4eQfEqs6Wbjysc1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417379128053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同保险类型病人肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间剂量-反应关系, figureFileSmall=fSNL/9VXrtqG+XMDo7+bNQ==, figureFileBig=xO3SBv4eQfEqs6Wbjysc1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417454625526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Dose-response relationship between patients' awareness of colorectal cancer and presentation delay among patients whose family members are medical workers, figureFileSmall=v9Sg8CTDOae4nssQyJ0lNg==, figureFileBig=o4JL9n9QKcvNggHEwmqVwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417521734391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=图4, caption=家庭成员有无医务工作者病人肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间剂量-反应关系, figureFileSmall=v9Sg8CTDOae4nssQyJ0lNg==, figureFileBig=o4JL9n9QKcvNggHEwmqVwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417601426168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay among patients with different educational levels, figureFileSmall=UU9ff6KYxd3Vl7xRO4lpdA==, figureFileBig=oDrjKvILql64xCQyMiL2qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417672729337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同文化程度病人肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间剂量-反应关系, figureFileSmall=UU9ff6KYxd3Vl7xRO4lpdA==, figureFileBig=oDrjKvILql64xCQyMiL2qg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322927417731449594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of presentation delay for colorectal cancer patients with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数就医延迟时间(d)统计值P
性别男56979.0(38.0,166.0)Z=-0.210.84
女34184.0(35.5,159.0)
年龄<45岁7774.0(27.5,127.0)H=3.280.19
45~<60岁34889.0(37.0,167.8)
≥60岁48579.0(39.5,159.5)
文化程度文盲115117.0(52.0,228.0)H=32.64<0.001
小学41095.5(46.0,167.0)
初中24263.0(28.8,135.3)
高中/中专9758.0(27.5,122.0)
专科及以上4653.5(21.5,162.8)
婚姻状况未婚1676.0(21.8,146.0)H=4.250.12
已婚81979.0(35.0,159.0)
离异/丧偶75117.0(48.0,215.0)
家庭人均月收入<2 000元228120.0(56.5,194.5)H=35.15<0.001
2 000~<5 000元42971.0(32.5,150.0)
5 000~12 000元24864.0(32.0,154.5)
>12 000元541.0(17.5,71.0)
职业类别脑力劳动为主18754.0(27.0,143.0)Z=-3.50<0.001
体力劳动为主72392.0(42.0,164.0)
癌症家族史无73281.0(38.0,161.0)Z=-0.050.96
有17886.5(35.8,158.8)
肠镜检查史无89483.5(37.8,163.0)Z=-2.11<0.05
有1643.5(23.8,93.0)
保险类型城乡居民医保(含新农合)59098.0(44.8,174.0)H=28.36<0.001
职工医保31361.0(28.0,128.5)
自费7192.0(124.0,274.0)
慢性病无62086.5(40.0,164.0)Z=-0.860.39
有29074.5(32.0,156.3)
家庭成员有无医务工作者无82392.0(42.0,166.0)Z=-4.85<0.001
有8743.0(15.0,96.0)
居住地农村45792.0(40.0,165.0)H=2.770.25
乡镇17181.0(40.0,152.0)
城市28274.0(32.0,161.5)
吸烟状况从不50883.0(35.0,157.0)H=5.820.05
偶尔8063.5(18.0,138.3)
经常32292.0(43.0,179.0)
饮酒状况从不50074.0(33.0,155.8)H=5.680.05
偶尔17575.0(32.0,173.0)
经常23598.0(45.0,182.0)
饮食习惯肉食为主36189.0(46.0,166.5)H=3.790.15
素食为主18267.5(32.0,152.3)
荤素均衡36780.0(33.0,163.0)
体检频率2次体检间隔时间≤1年13963.0(26.0,154.0)H=23.82<0.001
2次体检间隔时间>1年50571.0(33.0,152.0)
从不体检266111.0(56.0,181.3)
体质指数<18.5 kg/m25459.0(29.5,159.5)H=4.560.21
18.5~23.9 kg/m252781.0(35.0,160.0)
24.0~27.9 kg/m227692.0(42.3,168.5)
≥28.0 kg/m25381.0(32.0,125.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322927417806947067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322927411754566331, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征结直肠癌病人就医延迟时间比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数就医延迟时间(d)统计值P
性别男56979.0(38.0,166.0)Z=-0.210.84
女34184.0(35.5,159.0)
年龄<45岁7774.0(27.5,127.0)H=3.280.19
45~<60岁34889.0(37.0,167.8)
≥60岁48579.0(39.5,159.5)
文化程度文盲115117.0(52.0,228.0)H=32.64<0.001
小学41095.5(46.0,167.0)
初中24263.0(28.8,135.3)
高中/中专9758.0(27.5,122.0)
专科及以上4653.5(21.5,162.8)
婚姻状况未婚1676.0(21.8,146.0)H=4.250.12
已婚81979.0(35.0,159.0)
离异/丧偶75117.0(48.0,215.0)
家庭人均月收入<2 000元228120.0(56.5,194.5)H=35.15<0.001
2 000~<5 000元42971.0(32.5,150.0)
5 000~12 000元24864.0(32.0,154.5)
>12 000元541.0(17.5,71.0)
职业类别脑力劳动为主18754.0(27.0,143.0)Z=-3.50<0.001
体力劳动为主72392.0(42.0,164.0)
癌症家族史无73281.0(38.0,161.0)Z=-0.050.96
有17886.5(35.8,158.8)
肠镜检查史无89483.5(37.8,163.0)Z=-2.11<0.05
有1643.5(23.8,93.0)
保险类型城乡居民医保(含新农合)59098.0(44.8,174.0)H=28.36<0.001
职工医保31361.0(28.0,128.5)
自费7192.0(124.0,274.0)
慢性病无62086.5(40.0,164.0)Z=-0.860.39
有29074.5(32.0,156.3)
家庭成员有无医务工作者无82392.0(42.0,166.0)Z=-4.85<0.001
有8743.0(15.0,96.0)
居住地农村45792.0(40.0,165.0)H=2.770.25
乡镇17181.0(40.0,152.0)
城市28274.0(32.0,161.5)
吸烟状况从不50883.0(35.0,157.0)H=5.820.05
偶尔8063.5(18.0,138.3)
经常32292.0(43.0,179.0)
饮酒状况从不50074.0(33.0,155.8)H=5.680.05
偶尔17575.0(32.0,173.0)
经常23598.0(45.0,182.0)
饮食习惯肉食为主36189.0(46.0,166.5)H=3.790.15
素食为主18267.5(32.0,152.3)
荤素均衡36780.0(33.0,163.0)
体检频率2次体检间隔时间≤1年13963.0(26.0,154.0)H=23.82<0.001
2次体检间隔时间>1年50571.0(33.0,152.0)
从不体检266111.0(56.0,181.3)
体质指数<18.5 kg/m25459.0(29.5,159.5)H=4.560.21
18.5~23.9 kg/m252781.0(35.0,160.0)
24.0~27.9 kg/m227692.0(42.3,168.5)
≥28.0 kg/m25381.0(32.0,125.5)
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Linear regression analysis of factors affecting the presentation delay in colorectal cancer patients

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变量回归系数标准误标准化回归系数t值P
常量2.380.1713.96<0.001
文化程度-0.060.02-0.12-2.68<0.01
家庭人均月收入-0.060.03-0.08-2.21<0.05
保险类型-0.120.04-0.11-2.92<0.01
家庭成员有无医务工作者-0.250.06-0.15-4.52<0.001
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结直肠癌病人就医延迟时间影响因素的线性回归分析

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变量回归系数标准误标准化回归系数t值P
常量2.380.1713.96<0.001
文化程度-0.060.02-0.12-2.68<0.01
家庭人均月收入-0.060.03-0.08-2.21<0.05
保险类型-0.120.04-0.11-2.92<0.01
家庭成员有无医务工作者-0.250.06-0.15-4.52<0.001
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结直肠癌病人肠癌意识与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系
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陈佳 1 , 高欣雨 2 , 陈秋龙 1 , 杨青 1, 3, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(16): 2774-2780
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (16) : 2774 -2780
结直肠癌病人肠癌意识与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系
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陈佳1, 高欣雨2, 陈秋龙1, 杨青1, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1成都医学院护理学院,四川 610500
  • 2成都中医药大学护理学院
  • 3四川省肿瘤医院·研究所;四川省肿瘤临床医学研究中心 四川省癌症防治中心 电子科技大学附属肿瘤医院(护理部)
通讯作者:
杨青,E-mail:
YANG Qing, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈佳,护士,硕士研究生

Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay in patients with colorectal cancer
Jia CHEN1, Xinyu GAO2, Qiulong CHEN1, Qing YANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan 610500 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • 3Department of Nursing, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.002
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目的

明确结直肠癌病人就医延迟的影响因素,量化肠癌意识与就医延迟的剂量-反应关系及分层差异,为精准干预提供依据。

方法

选取2024年1月—2025年8月四川省某三级甲等医院结直肠癌病人910例进行横断面研究。通过问卷及电子病历收集人口学特征、健康诊疗行为及肠癌意识水平。采用线性回归、限制性立方样条及分层分析进行统计。

结果

结直肠癌病人就医延迟时间中位数为84 d,48.79%病人就医延迟超90 d。线性回归结果显示,文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型、家庭成员有无医务工作者为结直肠癌病人就医延迟的影响因素(P<0.05)。调整文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型及家庭成员医疗背景等混杂因素后,限制性立方样条模型显示,肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间存在非线性剂量-反应关系。

结论

结直肠癌病人就医延迟受多方面因素影响,肠癌意识水平与就医延迟存在剂量-反应关系。建议针对高危人群精准宣教,优化医疗保障与资源可及性,缩短就医延迟。

结直肠癌  /  就医延迟  /  影响因素  /  剂量-反应关系
Objective

To identify the influencing factors of presentation delay among patients with colorectal cancer,and to quantify the dose-response relationship and stratified differences between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay,in order to provide a basis for precise intervention.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed involving 910 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from January 2024 to August 2025 at a tertiary grade A hospital in Sichuan province.Demographic characteristics,health treatment behaviors and colorectal cancer awareness level were collected via questionnaires and electronic medical records.Linear regression,restricted cubic spline(RCS) model and stratified analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The median presentation delay of colorectal cancer patients was 84 days,and 48.79% of patients suffered presentation delay exceeding 90 days.Linear regression analysis indicated that educational level,per capita monthly household income,type of medical insurance and having medical workers in the family were influencing factors for presentation delay(all P<0.05).After adjusting for confounders such as educational level,per capita household income,medical insurance type and family medical background,the restricted cubic spline model revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay.

Conclusions

Presentation delay in colorectal patients is affected by multiple factors,and a dose-response relationship exists between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay.Targeted health education for high-risk groups,optimized medical security and improved accessibility of medical resources are suggested to shorten presentation delay.

colorectal cancer  /  presentation delay  /  influencing factors  /  dose-response relationship
陈佳, 高欣雨, 陈秋龙, 杨青. 结直肠癌病人肠癌意识与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2774 -2780 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.002
Jia CHEN, Xinyu GAO, Qiulong CHEN, Qing YANG. Dose-response relationship between colorectal cancer awareness and presentation delay in patients with colorectal cancer[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2774 -2780 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.002
结直肠癌在全球范围内发病率与死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,且发病逐渐年轻化[1]。最新统计数据显示,2022年全球结直肠癌的新发病例数约192.6万例,死亡病例数约90.4万例,分别居全球癌症发病率的第3位和死亡率的第2位[2]。我国结直肠癌发病率已跃居城市地区恶性肿瘤第2位,农村地区第3位[3]。癌症病人的预后与就医、治疗的时机有着密切的关系,早诊早治有利于改善预后,癌症病人在早期阶段得到治疗,其5年生存率可高达90%以上[4]。然而,许多结直肠癌病人由于各种原因未能及时接受治疗,导致疾病进展到晚期,5年生存率降至14%左右[5]。因此,阐明就医延迟的影响机制,识别关键影响因素,是改善病人生存结局、减轻疾病负担的重要公共卫生问题。目前关于结直肠癌就医延迟的研究多聚焦于单一维度因素,如年龄、性别等人口特征或经济因素的医疗费用负担等[6-7],缺乏对病人的健康认知和就医行为之间关联的定量分析。肠癌意识作为健康认知的核心维度,涵盖了病人对结直肠癌预警症状的识别能力、对疾病严重程度的认知及对就医必要性的判断[8],其与就医延迟的关联可能并非简单线性关系。当意识水平低于该阈值时,延迟风险可能呈指数级上升;此外,结肠癌认知对就医延迟的影响可能因人群而异,忽视这种分层差异可能导致干预措施难以精准触及真正高风险人群[7]。基于此,本研究结合限制性立方样条(RCS)模型与分层分析,探究结直肠癌病人就医延迟的多因素机制及肠癌意识的剂量-反应特征,为制定就医延迟干预策略提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,于2024年1月—2025年8月,选取在四川省某三级肿瘤医院接受诊治的910例结直肠癌病人作为调查对象。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁;经组织病理学确诊为原发性结直肠癌;意识清楚,具备基本阅读和理解能力,能独立或在研究者协助下完成问卷;自愿参与并签署知情同意书。排除标准:合并其他原发性恶性肿瘤;患有严重精神疾病或认知功能障碍,无法配合调查。本研究经四川省肿瘤医院医学伦理委员会审核通过(伦理编号:SCCHEC-02-2023-127)。
就医延迟时间由经过统一培训的护理研究生通过面对面访谈收集,结合电子病历中症状主诉记录时间、首次就诊时间及病理诊断报告时间进行交叉验证,确保数据的准确性。就医延迟时间定义为病人首次出现结直肠癌相关症状至首次前往医疗机构就诊的间隔天数。
通过文献回顾[9-12]与临床专家咨询确定病人就医延迟的潜在影响因素,包括病人人口学特征、健康行为、诊疗行为及肠癌意识水平等。肠癌意识水平采用肠癌意识量表测定。该量表源自伦敦大学学院与英国癌症研究所开发的结直肠癌意识测量工具[13],量表包括22个条目,涵盖疾病症状识别、危险因素认知、筛查知识3个维度,每个条目回答正确计1分,错误计0分,总分0~22分,得分越高代表肠癌意识水平越强。本研究中该量表的 Cronbach's α系数为 0.83,内容效度指数为 0.91,信效度良好。
采用Stata 18.0进行统计分析,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验;不符合正态分布的定量资料以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。定性资料用频数、百分比(%)表示,采用χ2检验。采用线性回归分析筛选就医延迟的独立影响因素,通过限制性立方样条或相关模型分析肠癌意识与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系,调整文化程度、收入、保险类型、家庭成员有无医务工作者等协变量。检验水准α=0.05,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
910例病人中,男569例,女341例;<45岁77例,45~<60岁348例,≥60岁485例;文化程度以小学或初中为主;职业构成以体力劳动者居多;婚姻状况以已婚为主。经济特征方面,家庭人均月收入2 000~<5 000元者占比最高。医疗相关特征:保险类型以城乡居民医保为主;1.76%病人有肠镜检查史;9.56%病人家庭成员具备医疗背景。健康行为特征:29.23%病人从未体检,经常吸烟与饮酒者分别占35.38%、25.82%。就医延迟时间中位数84 d,<30 d 184例(20.22%),30~90 d 282例(30.99%),>90 d 444例(48.79%)。肠癌意识得分为[0.00(0.00,3.00)]分。
将单因素分析中P<0.05的变量纳入线性回归模型,结果显示,文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型及家庭成员有无医务工作者是病人就医延迟的独立影响因素。见表2。
调整文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型及家庭成员医疗背景等混杂因素后,限制性立方样条模型显示,肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间存在非线性剂量-反应关系,见图1。肠癌意识得分≤5分时,延迟时间随意识得分下降呈快速上升趋势;得分>5分时,延迟时间随意识得分升高呈缓慢上升趋势。分层分析结果显示,不同文化程度、家庭月收入、保险类型及家庭成员有无医务工作者分组中,肠癌意识得分与就医延迟时间均存在剂量-反应关系(均P<0.001)。不同特征亚组的延迟时间有差异,见图2~图5。
本研究基于910例结直肠癌病人的临床数据与量表测评结果,通过多因素回归与限制性立方样条模型,系统分析了就医延迟的多维度影响机制,明确了肠癌意识水平与就医延迟间非线性剂量-反应关系的核心特征,为结直肠癌病人的早诊早治工作提供了依据。
就认知维度而言,文化程度通过调控病人健康素养从而间接影响就医决策,这与《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》将居民健康素养水平列为13个发展目标的核心导向高度契合,且与李英华等[14]研究观点一致,共同印证健康素养在认知和就医决策中的关键中介作用。本研究结果显示,文盲组就医延迟时间中位数较大,这种差异是健康素养分层导致的信息处理能力差异。高文化程度病人健康素养更高,更易通过权威渠道获取疾病知识,对非典型症状的敏感度显著高于低文化程度群体,能有效规避临床常见认知误区;而低文化程度群体因健康素养不足,在疾病认知与就医判断上易出现偏差。
经济维度揭示了医疗保障在缩短结直肠癌病人就医延迟中的关键作用。本研究结果显示,有职工医保的病人就医延迟时间中位数为61.0 d,低于整体病人延迟时间中位数,且低于自费病人192.0 d的延迟水平,直观反映了医疗保障对就医延迟的抑制效果。这一结果与张鑫等[15]研究结论一致,即医疗保障可通过降低病人的预期医疗成本,减少因费用顾虑产生的决策犹豫,减轻有医疗需求病人的负担,帮助其更快启动诊疗流程。医疗保障的重要性不言而喻,通过将结直肠癌筛查纳入门诊慢性病报销范围,并加强医疗保障的深度和广度,直接解决经济负担能力较弱病人的费用问题,可以迅速打破资金延迟的困境,并在医疗决策中有效发挥医疗安全的辅助作用。
家庭成员医疗背景对缩短就医延迟的影响进一步证实了社会支持的重要性。本研究结果显示,有医务工作者家属的病人就医延迟时间为43.0 d,这一结果与吴晓丹等[16]针对家族史阳性结直肠癌病人的研究结论一致。该研究通过对153例病人的调查发现,社会支持与就诊延误呈负相关,社会支持水平越高,病人就诊延迟风险越低,是强化社会支持、减少延迟的关键力量。医务人员家属可凭借专业优势发挥作用,他们不仅可以通过医学知识快速区分结直肠癌与良性疾病,还能指导病人完成就医流程,减少因不熟悉医疗体系导致的流程性延迟。基于此,有必要通过社区健康顾问和全科医生等外部力量,为无医疗背景家庭的病人提供症状识别指导与就医流程协助,填补支持空白,为基层医疗服务体系优化提供明确的需求导向。
本研究结果显示,限制性立方样条模型确定的肠癌意识量表得分≤5分为临界值,为高风险人群定位提供量化靶点,更为分层干预提供科学依据。针对该临界值以下群体开展集中宣教,可避免泛化宣教的资源浪费,提升资源利用效率,这与中华医学会肿瘤学分会早诊早治学组提出的癌症宣教需靶向人群需求的指南要求高度契合[17]。分层分析揭示的人群异质性进一步细化了干预路径。低文化程度、低收入、自费及无医疗背景家属的病人,在肠癌意识得分≤5分时延迟风险呈叠加效应,这一群体特征与Dobson等[18]描述的农村结直肠癌高危延迟人群画像高度一致。低文化程度导致了病人的认知不足,低收入加剧了就医时的经济顾虑,无专业支持导致病人就医困难,多重叠加使该群体成为干预的重点人群。基于此,本研究提出的分层干预是对资源匹配原则的实践,针对低文化程度群体根据其接收信息的习惯,采用短视频等宣教形式;为低收入病人重点解读医保政策,以解决经济痛点;为无专业支持群体设立社区健康顾问,填补支持缺口。
本研究的创新点主要体现在三方面:方法上,运用限制性立方样条模型突破线性分析局限,量化了肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间的剂量-反应关系;视角上,从认知、经济、社会支持三维度系统剖析就医延迟机制,弥补了单一维度研究的不足;人群上,聚焦中国结直肠癌病人,揭示了低文化程度、低收入等高危人群的特征,为精准干预提供了依据。基于研究结果,提出以下实践启示:一是构建分层精准宣教体系,以肠癌意识临界值为核心,通过结直肠癌意识量表快速识别高危人群,针对不同亚组设计宣教内容;二是优化医疗保障与资源下沉组合,从保障层面提高结直肠癌筛查报销比例,将自费病人纳入大病保险覆盖范围,从资源层面在基层医疗机构设立结直肠癌早诊门诊,减少农村病人跨区域就医的延迟;三是完善家庭、社区和医院联动支持体系,家庭层面培训家庭健康管理员,社区层面建立结直肠癌症状预警群,医院层面开通早诊绿色通道,将高危人群肠镜检查预约时间缩短。
本研究存在一定局限性:首先,采用横断面研究设计,无法明确肠癌意识水平与就医延迟的因果关系,且病人回忆症状出现时间可能存在偏倚;其次,肠癌意识水平采用量表测评存在主观偏差,可能导致模型解释力不足;此外,样本来源于四川省1所三级医院,未涵盖基层医疗机构与其他省份病人,代表性有限,与全国多中心研究的外推性存在差距。未来研究可从三方面推进:一是开展前瞻性队列研究,通过基线调查测定肠癌意识水平,明确肠癌意识水平与就医延迟的因果关系;二是完善变量测量与模型构建,引入客观指标,减少测量偏差,采用机器学习算法构建更精准的预测模型,提升模型解释力;三是扩大样本范围并开展干预性研究,纳入全国多中心、不同级别医疗机构的病人,提升结果的外推性,为临床实践提供高级别证据。
本研究通过对结直肠癌病人的系统分析,明确文化程度、家庭人均月收入、保险类型及家庭成员有无医务工作者是就医延迟的影响因素,其中家庭成员医疗背景的效应最强,其调控作用通过专业知识支持与就医流程指导双重路径实现。肠癌意识水平与就医延迟时间存在非线性剂量-反应关系,肠癌意识量表得分≤5分是就医延迟高风险的核心标识。人群异质性分析显示,低文化程度、低收入、自费及无医务工作者家属的病人,在肠癌意识得分≤5分时延迟风险呈叠加效应,是精准干预的重点人群。此研究结果揭示,单一维度的干预难以实现突破,需构建认知干预、经济保障和服务支撑三位一体的协同干预体系;以肠癌意识得分≤5分为核心靶点,结合人群特征实施分层宣教,同步提高筛查报销比例,强化基层医疗资源配置,完善社区专业支持网络,以有效缩短就医延迟时间,提升结直肠癌早诊早治率。本研究为结直肠癌防治工作从普惠宣教向精准干预转型提供了科学依据,其结论与方法学实践对同类慢性病就医行为研究具有一定的参考价值。

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2026年第40卷第16期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.002
  • 接收时间:2025-12-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18
  • 修回日期:2026-08-02
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    1成都医学院护理学院,四川 610500
    2成都中医药大学护理学院
    3四川省肿瘤医院·研究所;四川省肿瘤临床医学研究中心 四川省癌症防治中心 电子科技大学附属肿瘤医院(护理部)

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
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species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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