Article(id=1322925088915468506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763049600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-14, revisedDate=1785600000000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339519956, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339519956, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339519956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339519956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924976893993108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='16', pageStart='2769', pageEnd='2960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339493249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343103544, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2910, endPage=2915, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925089846603995, articleId=1322925088915468506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcomes assessment tool:a scoping review, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically search for assessment tools for bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcome at home and abroad,so as to provide references for tool selection and development.

Methods

Systematic search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),WanFang Database,China Biomedical Literature Database,VIP Database,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library for assessment tools related to bladder cancer patient-reported outcome.The retrieval period spanned from the establishment of the databases to May 15, 2025.

Results

A total of 32 articles were included,and 13 assessment tools for bladder cancer were summarized.Among them,4 assessment tools have been translated into Chinese versions.

Conclusions

The assessment tools for bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcome are in the development stage.Their clinical application requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors.Future research need to validate and improve the existing assessment tools,and to develop specific assessment tools for bladder cancer patients in China.

, authors=Meiyun YANG1, 2, Jiahui REN1, 2, Jingya LU1, Fangfang XU1, 2, Zhufeng XIONG1, authorsList=Meiyun YANG, Jiahui REN, Jingya LU, Fangfang XU, Zhufeng XIONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhufeng XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925090698047708, articleId=1322925088915468506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的范围综述, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

系统检索国内外膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局的评估工具,为工具的选择及开发提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library中关于膀胱癌患者报告结局的评估工具,检索时限为建库至2025年5月15日。

结果

共纳入文献32篇,汇总出13种膀胱癌评估工具,其中4种评估工具已经汉化形成中文版本。

结论

膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具处于发展阶段,其临床应用需综合考量多维因素。未来研究需对现有评估工具进行验证与完善,同时研制适合我国膀胱癌患者的特异性患者报告结局的评估工具。

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杨梅云,护士,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
熊柱凤,E-mail:
XIONG Zhufeng, E-mail:
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articleId=1322925088915468506, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=评估工具), Keyword(id=1322925098608505097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=范围综述)], refs=[Reference(id=1322925099418005774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=74, issue=3, pageStart=229, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, journalName=CA:a Cancer Journal for Clinicians, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bray F,Laversanne M,Sung H,et al.Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J].CA:a Cancer Journal for Clinicians,2024,74(3):229-263., articleTitle=Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries, refAbstract=null), 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unstructuredReference=Cruz Rivera S,Liu X X,Hughes S E,et al.Embedding patient-reported outcomes at the heart of artificial intelligence health-care technologies[J].The Lancet Digital Health,2023,5(3):e168-e173., articleTitle=Embedding patient-reported outcomes at the heart of artificial intelligence health-care technologies, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322925091201364189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322925091390107870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, companyId=1322925091201364189, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322925091402690783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322925098738528522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of assessment tools

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评估工具国家研究对象评分方式内容框架主要内容样本量(例)
癌症治疗功能评估-膀胱癌(FACT-BL)[8]美国晚期膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法4个维度和39个条目身体、功能健康、社会/家庭、情感182
欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织肌层浸润性膀胱癌生活质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-BLM30)[9]欧洲肌层浸润型膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法6个尿路相关症状领域和1个导管相关条目泌尿症状、尿路造口问题、未来看法、腹胀、体型、性功能、导管使用
癌症治疗功能评估之范德比尔特膀胱切除指数(FACT-VCI)[10]美国肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法5个维度和45个条目身体、功能健康、社会/家庭、情感及17个根治性膀胱切除术的相关问题50
膀胱癌患者生活质量测定量表(QLICP-BL)[11]中国膀胱癌患者5点等距评分法4个领域和32个条目躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能、共性症状及副作用120
膀胱癌指数(BCI)[12]美国膀胱癌患者Likert 6级评分法3个维度和36个条目泌尿、肠道、性功能315
膀胱癌简要症状指数(NFBISI-18)[13]美国晚期膀胱癌患者0~10分评分3个维度和18个条目疾病相关症状、治疗副作用、一般功能/健康状况31
欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表非肌层浸润性膀胱癌生活质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24)[14]英国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法6个领域和5个单一项目尿路症状、不适、担心、胀气、性功能、膀胱内治疗问题、性亲密、污染伴侣的风险、性享受、性问题(女性)、性问题(男性)410
回肠原位新膀胱患者报告结局量表(IONB-PRO)基本版本[15]意大利回肠原位新膀胱患者Likert 4级评分法2个领域和23个条目回肠原位新膀胱自我管理能力、生活质量171
膀胱癌效用症状量表(BUSS)[16]加拿大膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分和视觉模拟评分(0~100分)10个条目和1个视觉模拟得分膀胱效用症状690
安德森症状量表(MDASI-PeriOp-BLC)[17]美国围术期膀胱癌患者0~10分评分1个维度和27个条目膀胱癌围术期症状150
膀胱癌腹壁造口患者自我报告结局量表(PROS)[18]中国患有腹壁造口的膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法4个维度和44个条目生理、心理、社会、治疗382
膀胱癌患者报告结局量表[19]中国膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法10个维度和54个条目特异性症状、非特异性症状、独立性、自我认知、自我调节、社会支持、社会适应、有效性、依从性、满意度313
非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者报告症状指数(NMIBC-SI)[20]澳大
利亚
非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法3个维度和39个条目躯体症状、膀胱镜检查、膀胱内治疗的副作用220
), ArticleFig(id=1322925098818220299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

评估工具的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评估工具国家研究对象评分方式内容框架主要内容样本量(例)
癌症治疗功能评估-膀胱癌(FACT-BL)[8]美国晚期膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法4个维度和39个条目身体、功能健康、社会/家庭、情感182
欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织肌层浸润性膀胱癌生活质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-BLM30)[9]欧洲肌层浸润型膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法6个尿路相关症状领域和1个导管相关条目泌尿症状、尿路造口问题、未来看法、腹胀、体型、性功能、导管使用
癌症治疗功能评估之范德比尔特膀胱切除指数(FACT-VCI)[10]美国肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法5个维度和45个条目身体、功能健康、社会/家庭、情感及17个根治性膀胱切除术的相关问题50
膀胱癌患者生活质量测定量表(QLICP-BL)[11]中国膀胱癌患者5点等距评分法4个领域和32个条目躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能、共性症状及副作用120
膀胱癌指数(BCI)[12]美国膀胱癌患者Likert 6级评分法3个维度和36个条目泌尿、肠道、性功能315
膀胱癌简要症状指数(NFBISI-18)[13]美国晚期膀胱癌患者0~10分评分3个维度和18个条目疾病相关症状、治疗副作用、一般功能/健康状况31
欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表非肌层浸润性膀胱癌生活质量问卷(EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24)[14]英国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法6个领域和5个单一项目尿路症状、不适、担心、胀气、性功能、膀胱内治疗问题、性亲密、污染伴侣的风险、性享受、性问题(女性)、性问题(男性)410
回肠原位新膀胱患者报告结局量表(IONB-PRO)基本版本[15]意大利回肠原位新膀胱患者Likert 4级评分法2个领域和23个条目回肠原位新膀胱自我管理能力、生活质量171
膀胱癌效用症状量表(BUSS)[16]加拿大膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分和视觉模拟评分(0~100分)10个条目和1个视觉模拟得分膀胱效用症状690
安德森症状量表(MDASI-PeriOp-BLC)[17]美国围术期膀胱癌患者0~10分评分1个维度和27个条目膀胱癌围术期症状150
膀胱癌腹壁造口患者自我报告结局量表(PROS)[18]中国患有腹壁造口的膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法4个维度和44个条目生理、心理、社会、治疗382
膀胱癌患者报告结局量表[19]中国膀胱癌患者Likert 5级评分法10个维度和54个条目特异性症状、非特异性症状、独立性、自我认知、自我调节、社会支持、社会适应、有效性、依从性、满意度313
非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者报告症状指数(NMIBC-SI)[20]澳大
利亚
非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者Likert 4级评分法3个维度和39个条目躯体症状、膀胱镜检查、膀胱内治疗的副作用220
), ArticleFig(id=1322925098956632332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Validity and reliability test of the bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcome assessment tool

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工具名称信度效度特点
FACT-BL[8]Cronbach's α系数为0.63~0.93,重测信度>0.7与欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC-QLQC30 QoL)得分相关(r>0.76)多维度评估,较为全面,但是一些条目可能存在地板或天花板效应
EORTC-QLQ-BLM30[9]尚未对该模块进行验证研究
FACT-VCI[10]Cronbach's α系数为0.79与健康调查简表(SF-36)评分相关(r=0.81)条目较简短且条目易于理解
QLICP-BL[11]Cronbach's α系数>0.7与中文版EORTC QLQ-C30得分相关(r>0.67)条目简单,包含的领域广泛,运用广泛
BCI[12]Cronbach's α系数为0.77~0.94,重测信度为0.73~0.95与FACT-G、FACT-BL相关性强,与SF-12相关性较低缺乏评估社会功能、心理/情绪领域,要与其他普适量表一起使用
NFBISI-18[13]Cronbach's α 系数为0.83与FACT-BL的膀胱癌特异性亚量表相关(r=0.41)条目较少易于患者接受,但只针对晚期膀胱癌患者
EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24[14]Cronbach's α系数>0.7与EORTC-QLQC30得分相关,但相关性不高在原始量表结构进行改动,使其更完整,患者接受度较高
IONB-PRO基本版本[15]Cronbach's α系数>0.9与EORTC-QLQC30得分相关性较高 (r>0.6)可靠、有用但适用范围狭窄
BUSS[16]重测信度为0.79与FACT-BL、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)得分相关条目较少,简单、直接
MDASI-Periop-BLC[17]21个严重性条目和6个其他条目Cronbach's α系数为0.89和0.90,重测信度为0.92与EORTC-BLM30排尿症状条目相关(r=0.492)易于使用且易于理解,并且数字评分系统简单明了
PROS[18]Cronbach's α系数为0.801~0.954平均量表的内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.992;收敛效度:与FACT-G的r值为0.404~0.870系统全面,但需进行跨文化验证
膀胱癌患者报告结局量表[19]Cronbach's α系数为0.95量表全体一致内容效度指数(S-CVI/UA)为0.982,条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.83~1.00;S-CVI/AVE为0.996内容通俗易懂,具有良好的实用性、科学性和信效度,但是样本来源的覆盖面不够广泛,样本量较少
NMIBC-SI[20]重测信度为0.894~0.910结构效度:比较拟合指数>0.9提供了一种替代测量系统,设计方便易用,快速完成与解释
), ArticleFig(id=1322925099044712717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925088915468506, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的信效度检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工具名称信度效度特点
FACT-BL[8]Cronbach's α系数为0.63~0.93,重测信度>0.7与欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC-QLQC30 QoL)得分相关(r>0.76)多维度评估,较为全面,但是一些条目可能存在地板或天花板效应
EORTC-QLQ-BLM30[9]尚未对该模块进行验证研究
FACT-VCI[10]Cronbach's α系数为0.79与健康调查简表(SF-36)评分相关(r=0.81)条目较简短且条目易于理解
QLICP-BL[11]Cronbach's α系数>0.7与中文版EORTC QLQ-C30得分相关(r>0.67)条目简单,包含的领域广泛,运用广泛
BCI[12]Cronbach's α系数为0.77~0.94,重测信度为0.73~0.95与FACT-G、FACT-BL相关性强,与SF-12相关性较低缺乏评估社会功能、心理/情绪领域,要与其他普适量表一起使用
NFBISI-18[13]Cronbach's α 系数为0.83与FACT-BL的膀胱癌特异性亚量表相关(r=0.41)条目较少易于患者接受,但只针对晚期膀胱癌患者
EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24[14]Cronbach's α系数>0.7与EORTC-QLQC30得分相关,但相关性不高在原始量表结构进行改动,使其更完整,患者接受度较高
IONB-PRO基本版本[15]Cronbach's α系数>0.9与EORTC-QLQC30得分相关性较高 (r>0.6)可靠、有用但适用范围狭窄
BUSS[16]重测信度为0.79与FACT-BL、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)得分相关条目较少,简单、直接
MDASI-Periop-BLC[17]21个严重性条目和6个其他条目Cronbach's α系数为0.89和0.90,重测信度为0.92与EORTC-BLM30排尿症状条目相关(r=0.492)易于使用且易于理解,并且数字评分系统简单明了
PROS[18]Cronbach's α系数为0.801~0.954平均量表的内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.992;收敛效度:与FACT-G的r值为0.404~0.870系统全面,但需进行跨文化验证
膀胱癌患者报告结局量表[19]Cronbach's α系数为0.95量表全体一致内容效度指数(S-CVI/UA)为0.982,条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.83~1.00;S-CVI/AVE为0.996内容通俗易懂,具有良好的实用性、科学性和信效度,但是样本来源的覆盖面不够广泛,样本量较少
NMIBC-SI[20]重测信度为0.894~0.910结构效度:比较拟合指数>0.9提供了一种替代测量系统,设计方便易用,快速完成与解释
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膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的范围综述
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杨梅云 1, 2 , 任嘉慧 1, 2 , 鲁静雅 1 , 徐芳芳 1, 2 , 熊柱凤 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(16): 2910-2915
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (16) : 2910 -2915
膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的范围综述
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杨梅云1, 2, 任嘉慧1, 2, 鲁静雅1, 徐芳芳1, 2, 熊柱凤1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南昌大学第一附属医院,江西 330006
  • 2南昌大学江西医学院护理学院
通讯作者:
熊柱凤,E-mail:
XIONG Zhufeng, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨梅云,护士,硕士研究生在读

Bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcomes assessment tool:a scoping review
Meiyun YANG1, 2, Jiahui REN1, 2, Jingya LU1, Fangfang XU1, 2, Zhufeng XIONG1
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.021
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目的

系统检索国内外膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局的评估工具,为工具的选择及开发提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library中关于膀胱癌患者报告结局的评估工具,检索时限为建库至2025年5月15日。

结果

共纳入文献32篇,汇总出13种膀胱癌评估工具,其中4种评估工具已经汉化形成中文版本。

结论

膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具处于发展阶段,其临床应用需综合考量多维因素。未来研究需对现有评估工具进行验证与完善,同时研制适合我国膀胱癌患者的特异性患者报告结局的评估工具。

膀胱癌  /  患者报告结局  /  评估工具  /  范围综述
Objective

To systematically search for assessment tools for bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcome at home and abroad,so as to provide references for tool selection and development.

Methods

Systematic search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),WanFang Database,China Biomedical Literature Database,VIP Database,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,and Cochrane Library for assessment tools related to bladder cancer patient-reported outcome.The retrieval period spanned from the establishment of the databases to May 15, 2025.

Results

A total of 32 articles were included,and 13 assessment tools for bladder cancer were summarized.Among them,4 assessment tools have been translated into Chinese versions.

Conclusions

The assessment tools for bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcome are in the development stage.Their clinical application requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors.Future research need to validate and improve the existing assessment tools,and to develop specific assessment tools for bladder cancer patients in China.

bladder cancer  /  patient-reported outcome  /  assessment tool  /  scoping review
杨梅云, 任嘉慧, 鲁静雅, 徐芳芳, 熊柱凤. 膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的范围综述. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2910 -2915 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.021
Meiyun YANG, Jiahui REN, Jingya LU, Fangfang XU, Zhufeng XIONG. Bladder cancer specific patient-reported outcomes assessment tool:a scoping review[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2910 -2915 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.021
膀胱癌是全球最常诊断的癌症,2022年全球癌症统计数据显示,膀胱癌新发病例613 791例,占所有癌症诊断的3.1%[1]。国家癌症中心统计显示,2022年全国新发膀胱癌9.29万例,在男性恶性肿瘤发病谱中居第8位,已成为严重威胁国民健康的重要肿瘤类型[2]。膀胱癌发病率和死亡率较高,患者需要长期随访和治疗,承受着身体和心理上的双重压力,给患者及其家庭带来沉重的经济和精神负担[3-4]。随着全球疾病谱的改变和现代医学模式的转变,患者的健康观和保健观也随之发生变化,患者健康需求呈现多元化发展趋势,基于主客观指标整合的多维健康评估体系已在临床实践和卫生决策中获得共识[5]。患者报告结局(patient-reported outcome,PRO)是一种由患者自我报告的与自身疾病及治疗相关的症状感受、心理状况、生活质量等健康相关结局,问卷是获得患者报告结局的主要途径之一,部分普适性工具不能精准有效地识别患者结局[6]。目前国外已开发多种膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具(patient-reported outcome measures,PROMs),但国内相关研究尚处于起步阶段。因此,本研究采用护理领域常用的Arksey等提出且由Levac等细化的范围综述报告框架[7],系统审查国内外膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的开发情况并进行概览,为临床工具的选择、应用以及开发提供参考。
通过前期查阅文献确定以下研究问题:目前国内外应用于膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局的评估工具有哪些?各评估工具应用于膀胱癌患者的特点及信效度如何?
系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Cochrane Library,检索时限为建库至2025年5月15日,另外,人工追溯检索参考文献作为补充。检索时结合使用主题词与自由词,研究小组预先在中国知网及PubMed进行预检索,再对检索结果进行分析讨论、调整检索策略后进行正式检索。中文检索词包括“膀胱癌症/膀胱癌/膀胱恶性肿瘤”“健康相关生命质量/生活质量”“患者自我报告/自我评价/患者自我报告结局”“量表/问卷/工具”等。英文检索词包括:“bladder cancer/bladder neoplasms/malignant tumor of urinary bladder/neoplasm bladder/bladder carcinoma”“health quality of life/quality of life/health related quality of life/HRQOL”“patient reported outcome measures/patient reported outcome/PRO/self-assessment”“tool/scale*/instrument/questionnaire/reliab*/valid*”。中文数据库以中国知网为例,检索策略为:SU=(膀胱癌症+膀胱恶性肿瘤+膀胱癌+膀胱肿瘤)AND SU=(患者报告结局+患者报告结局评价+PROM+患者自我报告结局)AND SU=(生命质量+生命相关质量+生活质量)AND SU=(评估+评价+测量学研究+工具+问卷+量表+信度+效度)。英文数据库以PubMed为例,检索策略为:((((((((("urinary bladder neoplasms"[MeSH]) OR ("bladder neoplasms"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("bladder cancer"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("malignant tumor of urinary bladder"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("bladder carcinoma"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("non-muscle invasive bladder neoplasms"[MeSH Terms])) OR ("muscle invasive bladder neoplasms"[Title/Abstract])) AND ((((("quality of life"[MeSH]) OR ("life quality"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("health-related quality of life"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("health-related quality of life"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("HRQOL"[Title/Abstract])) AND ((((("patient reported outcome measures"[MeSH]) OR ("patient reported outcomes"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("self-assessment"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("PROM"[Title/Abstract])) AND (((((("tool"[Title/Abstract]) OR ("scale*"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("instrument"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("valid*"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("reliab*"[Title/Abstract])) OR ("cross-cultural"[Title/Abstract]))。
纳入标准:研究对象为膀胱癌患者;研究目的为评估膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具;研究内容为工具开发、修订以及跨文化验证等原始研究;发表语种为中英文。排除标准:仅检验信效度的工具类研究;无法查看全文或重复发表;会议摘要。
由2名经过循证培训的护理研究生全面检索、独立筛选文献后,导入EndNote 20软件去重,阅读全文后进行筛查,争议处与第3人商议决定。最终提取文献基本特征和工具特征等内容,资料提取信息主要包括开发/修订者、发表时间、国家/地区、评分方式、维度数、条目数、评估对象、信效度等特点。
初步检索获得相关文献2 346篇,追溯参考文献获得2篇,按照纳入与排除标准,经过严格筛选,去除重复文献433篇,阅读题目和摘要后删除文献1 819篇,2名独立评价者对纳入文献的筛选结果一致,阅读全文后排除无法查看全文或重复发表、会议、非中英文文献64篇,最终纳入32篇文献,共13个评估工具[8-20]。
共纳入13个膀胱癌特异性工具,研究地域分布在中国、美国、加拿大、意大利、英国、澳大利亚等;有5个评估工具于1993—2010年开发,8个评估工具于2011—2025年开发;多数评估工具采用Likert评分法;纳入的膀胱癌特异性评估工具分为单维度量表和多维度量表,单维度量表主要衡量膀胱癌患者效用症状和膀胱癌围术期症状得分,条目简短易填写,条目数分别为10个和27个,而多维度量表则是从不同角度对患者结局进行报告,主要为社会功能、心理健康、身体机能、泌尿功能和性功能等领域,详见表1。
纳入的13个评估工具中有12个工具进行了信效度检验,其Cronbach's α系数均处于较高水平,1个工具尚未检索到进行信效度检验的研究;13个评估工具中有4个评估工具被我国学者引入并应用。详见表2。
本研究对现有膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具进行了系统分类。针对非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(NMIBC)的评估工具主要包括NMIIBC-SI[20]和EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC 24[14]两个专用量表;适用于肌层浸润性膀胱癌(MIBC)的评估工具包括FACT-VCI[10]、EORTC-QLQ-BLM30[9]、IONB-PRO[15]及MDASI-PeriOp-BLC[17];本研究还识别出PROS[18]、BCI[12]、BUSS[16]、FACT-BL[8]、QLICP-BL[11]、NFBIS-18[13]和膀胱癌患者报告量表[19]7个适用于各疾病阶段的包容性评估工具。其中FACT-BL[8]是专为膀胱癌患者设计的经过验证的问卷,但FACT-BL缺乏患者的治疗满意度和症状体验等方面的评估。BCI[12]是膀胱癌应用最广泛的特异性患者报告结局评估工具之一,但其仅测评了膀胱癌特异性症状与功能限制,没有对患者的一般健康水平作出评价,导致其与普适性量表相关性较低,要在实际应用中多与SF-36等普适性量表联合使用[22]。欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)开发的评估模块需与其通用核心问卷配合使用。针对肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者生活质量评估的4种专用工具中,EORTC-QLQ-BLM30[9]和FACT-VCI[10]均需结合相应的通用核心问卷共同评估,而回肠原位新膀胱问卷则专用于评估接受原位新膀胱重建术的患者群体,MDASI-PeriOp-BLC[17]只用于接受根治性膀胱切除术的膀胱癌患者。这些评估工具较为全面地覆盖了膀胱癌患者常见的自我报告问题,特别是针对泌尿系统功能异常、肠道功能紊乱以及性功能障碍等疾病特异性问题,还有社会功能、心理健康和疾病自我管理等多维度健康指标[23]。膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具质量参差不齐,在使用时应考虑评估工具的内容以及所评估的膀胱癌患者群体,选择适合的评估工具。
在我国,目前膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估的汉化工具有EORTC-QLQ-BLM30、BCI、BUSS、EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24。虽然这些量表已展现出良好的心理测量学特性,如刘建平[24]修订的EORTC-QLQ-BLM30各领域的Cronbach's α系数和分半信度>0.8;孟庭瑞[25]验证的中文版BCI显示其内部一致性信度Cronbach's α系数为0.746~0.938,与FACT-BL和EQ-5D的效标关联效度系数为-0.04~0.39;王雪[26]汉化的BUSS在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者中测得Cronbach's α系数为0.94;杨金玲[27]引进、汉化并验证EORTC-QLQ-NMIBC24的模块总Cronbach's α系数为0.85,各维度重测信度均>0.7。然而,这些评估工具均源自西方文化背景,与我国膀胱癌患者治疗环境、健康信念等存在一定差异,其适用性仍存在一定局限。我国学者自主研制的膀胱癌患者报告结局评估工具数量有限且研究起步相对较晚,未来研究应当扩大样本来源,纳入不同地区、不同临床特征的膀胱癌患者群体,对所开发的工具进行系统验证并促进其临床应用。
在临床实践中患者报告的数据日益受到重视,患者报告结局数据能够通过标准化且经过验证的工具捕获症状和生活质量相关的信息,这有助于提升患者护理的质量和个性化水平[28]。现有研究表明,患者报告结局收集可采用多元化方式,包括传统纸质问卷、在线自我管理平台、结构化访谈或多种方法的组合应用,这不仅能提高数据收集效率,还能有效减轻临床医护人员的工作负担[29]。膀胱癌患者的临床特征和治疗反应具有显著的异质性,这种差异性主要体现在疾病分期、治疗方案选择以及随时间推移的病情演变等多个维度[30]。因此,要充分利用移动医疗、远程监测等数字化信息技术手段,构建动态评估体系,实现对患者报告结局的实时动态监测,从而提升长期随访管理的质量和效率。这种创新性的数据采集模式既符合当前数字化医疗发展趋势,又能更好地满足膀胱癌患者的特殊需求[31]。
在临床决策过程中重视患者报告结局,既是医学伦理原则的核心要求,更是提升医疗质量和改善患者体验的关键路径。随着膀胱癌研究的深入,膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具兼具针对性和全面性,可提高医护人员对患者生活质量的关注并拓展相关研究范畴。这有助于深入探究我国膀胱癌患者的生活质量现状及影响因素,为提升医疗服务水平、增强患者满意度和完善卫生政策提供有力支持。本研究对国内外膀胱癌特异性患者报告结局评估工具的内容、特点及应用情况等进行了介绍,国际上特异性患者报告结局评估工具种类繁多、特色各异,而国内的评估工具起步较晚,缺少临床应用研究。未来研究应基于患者实际需求,通过优化患者报告结局评估工具和干预措施,切实解决膀胱癌患者在疾病管理中的具体问题。但本研究仅纳入了中英文文献梳理当前研究现状,未能对照标准对工具研究与验证过程进行评价,未来可在此基础上进行系统评价。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.021
  • 接收时间:2025-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-14
  • 修回日期:2026-08-02
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    1南昌大学第一附属医院,江西 330006
    2南昌大学江西医学院护理学院

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熊柱凤,E-mail:
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