Article(id=1322925022582546889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751990400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-09, revisedDate=1780416000000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339504142, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339504142, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339504142, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339504142, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924976893993108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='16', pageStart='2769', pageEnd='2960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339493249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343103544, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2941, endPage=2948, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925022804845002, articleId=1322925022582546889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on antiretroviral therapy compliance, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper systematically examined the influencing factors of antiretroviral therapy compliance from three aspects:environment,cognition,and mental health.It also pointed out that future research should focus on the dynamic interactivity of factors influencing antiretroviral therapy compliance,the specificity of treatment compliance in special groups,the neurocognitive basis of influencing treatment compliance,and explore the application of artificial intelligence technology in treatment compliance.

, authors=Xie MA1, 2, Yongkang LIU1, 2, Sha ZHANG3, authorsList=Xie MA, Yongkang LIU, Sha ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xie MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925023312355787, articleId=1322925022582546889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性研究进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

从环境、认知、心理健康3个层面系统梳理了抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性的影响因素,并指出未来研究应关注抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性影响因素的动态交互性、特殊群体治疗依从性的特异性、影响治疗依从性的神经认知基础,探索人工智能技术在治疗依从性中的应用。

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MA Xie, E-mail:
马谐,教授,博士研究生,E-mail:
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抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性研究进展
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马谐 1, 2 , 刘永康 1, 2 , 张莎 3
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(16): 2941-2948
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (16) : 2941 -2948
抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性研究进展
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马谐1, 2 , 刘永康1, 2, 张莎3
作者信息
  • 1云南师范大学教育学部,云南 650500
  • 2云南师范大学民族信息化教育部重点实验室
  • 3云南省传染病医院
通讯作者:
MA Xie, E-mail:
马谐,教授,博士研究生,E-mail:
Research progress on antiretroviral therapy compliance
Xie MA1, 2 , Yongkang LIU1, 2, Sha ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan 650500 China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Ethnic Informationization of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University
  • 3Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.025
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从环境、认知、心理健康3个层面系统梳理了抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性的影响因素,并指出未来研究应关注抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性影响因素的动态交互性、特殊群体治疗依从性的特异性、影响治疗依从性的神经认知基础,探索人工智能技术在治疗依从性中的应用。

艾滋病  /  抗逆转录病毒治疗  /  依从性  /  综述

This paper systematically examined the influencing factors of antiretroviral therapy compliance from three aspects:environment,cognition,and mental health.It also pointed out that future research should focus on the dynamic interactivity of factors influencing antiretroviral therapy compliance,the specificity of treatment compliance in special groups,the neurocognitive basis of influencing treatment compliance,and explore the application of artificial intelligence technology in treatment compliance.

AIDS  /  antiretroviral therapy  /  compliance  /  review
马谐, 刘永康, 张莎. 抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2941 -2948 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.025
Xie MA, Yongkang LIU, Sha ZHANG. Research progress on antiretroviral therapy compliance[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2941 -2948 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.025
艾滋病(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的慢性传染性疾病,其已成为全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题。据统计,截至2023年底,全球HIV感染者/AIDS病人人数约3 990万例,我国感染人数约为132万例[1]。但在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)问世后,AIDS逐渐转变为可控的慢性病,在这一背景下,ART依从性成了一个影响AIDS病人生存质量的重要话题,深入理解依从性影响因素及作用机制成为制定科学、有效、个性化护理干预措施的重要基础。治疗依从性是指病人遵循医嘱用药和治疗方案的程度[2],是影响病毒载量控制最为关键的因素。ART依从性的国际标准为95%,达到这一水平,病毒抑制率可提升至80%[3]。然而,全球范围内ART依从性情况并不理想。彭迁等[4]研究显示,我国ART治疗依从性为86.57%,但西北、华南等地区依从性可能低至55.07%。目前,已有较多学者对影响因素开展了研究,这些因素伴随地区发展水平、病人特点和文化特征的差异,呈现出多样性的特点。本研究对现有文献进行梳理,将目前发现的影响因素及作用机制进行系统性整合,并针对现有研究的不足和技术发展趋势,对未来研究的方向进行展望和总结。
根据布朗芬布伦纳提出的生态系统理论,影响个体发展的环境因素包括微观环境因素和宏观环境因素,个体嵌套于相互影响的一系列环境系统之中,系统与个体相互作用并影响着个体发展。
微观环境是个体直接接触和互动的环境[5],包括家庭、工作、医护环境和社交等方面,这一层面对依从性的影响,往往以能否提供支持或是否会加剧污名效应为中介而发生作用。家庭环境通常与能否提供支持相关,Mango等[6]研究表明,家庭支持环境是病人依从性最重要的保护因素。反之,不良家庭环境则意味着关键支持来源的缺乏,Mabasa等[7]对非洲围生期感染儿童的定性研究发现,因家庭破裂导致他们难以寻求支持是依从性降低的主要原因。而工作、医护环境、社交对依从性的影响常与污名效应相联系,在医护环境中尤为明显。Vaughan等[8]研究显示,医护人员的污名态度会影响医护质量,进而影响依从性。其他类似的微观环境下的污名经历常通过认知和心理疾病的介导影响病人的依从性。Nutor等[9]研究指出,因污名体验导致的内化耻辱感会减少服药行为。Malika等[10]研究发现,由污名经历导致的药物隐藏行为也与依从性有着直接联系。
宏观环境是指个体所处的广泛社会文化、医疗以及经济环境。社会文化既会通过制造人际排斥环境间接影响AIDS病人[11-12],也会直接作用于病人的自我认知[13]。Yigit等[14]研究表明,社会文化背景导致的公共耻辱感会导致病人自尊、自我评价降低。这种对AIDS病人依从性的直接影响不明显,但会通过高度的内化耻辱感和预期耻辱感[15],产生心理上的抑郁、焦虑、孤独[16],进而影响治疗依从性。还需要注意的是,某些社会文化可能导致HIV污名被其他污名掩盖。Yigit等[17]研究指出,美国的高种族和性取向污名会在一定程度上掩盖HIV污名的影响。宏观上的医疗环境污名不同于微观医护环境中的污名,指的是ART中存在的硬性缺陷,包括药物副作用、服药过程中需配合生活习惯的调整、服药过程中的经济压力等,其在较大程度上影响着病人的心理状态及服药决策。其中,药物特性导致的不良反应是影响依从性的重要因素。《中国艾滋病诊疗指南》[18]指出,常用ART药物对病人心理和生理均有影响,例如核苷类药物可能导致恶心、腹泻、贫血等症状,而非核苷类药物的中枢神经毒性可能引起睡眠障碍、抑郁、头晕头痛等问题,服药所带来的身心压力极容易导致病人放弃服药。其次,ART药物还可能导致病人生活习惯的改变,Mate等[19]Meta研究列举的15个因素中,服药干扰日常活动、不规律服药时间分别位于第8位和第12位。此外,虽然ART药物免费,但住院、检查等费用较高,也会降低其依从性[20]。汪亚萍等[21]对我国“四免一怀”政策实施后AIDS病人经济负担的调查发现,83.6%病人无家庭经济负担,这种低经济压力和免费药物使得病人服药也相对呈现高依从状况。部分非洲不发达国家的落后经济限制了病人依从性[22],如Singer等[23]研究报告,粮食不安全是非洲地区依从性提高的限制因素。
总的来说,微观环境和宏观环境对依从性的影响主要体现在支持系统、污名压力和医疗限制3个维度,微观环境中的家庭、医护环境、社交的良好支持,宏观环境中的国家、社区和工作单位的良好政策等,能够为病人提供心理和经济缓冲,帮助病人应对治疗挑战[24-25]。但医疗上的限制,如药物副作用、服药与生活习惯的冲突、间接的经济成本等,则会与微观环境下污名带来的家庭冲突与社交排斥、社会文化背景下AIDS歧视的泛化相互叠加和相互作用,诱发病人认知上更为严重的耻辱感[26]和心理上的抑郁、焦虑[27],导致病人产生隐瞒病情、逃避社交等行为,陷入治疗依从性恶化的循环[28]。另外,地区发展差异也导致了依从性问题上的不同,在基础医疗完善的地区,治疗障碍和生活适应性问题更为突出,而资源匮乏地区,药物可及性与生存性障碍是导致低依从性的主要矛盾。
认知因素对治疗依从性的影响表现在比较浅层的认知失调和比较深层的认知功能及相关脑组织受损。浅层的认知失调主要包括耻辱感和低自我效能感,而深层的认知功能损伤则主要是指HIV病毒诱发炎症导致的认知障碍。
耻辱感对依从性的影响主要体现在导致病人社会纽带断裂和适应应对能力下降两个方面。Turan[29]研究发现,高度耻辱感会导致病人自我封闭、社会支持感知降低,进而影响依从性。Malika等[10]研究进一步揭示了孤独感在耻辱感与社会联结之间具有中介作用,即耻辱感会带来孤独感,进而降低社会联结,而社会联结降低则会带来病人一系列的心理和行为问题,包括依从性降低等。Tadese等[30-31]研究指出,负面评价恐惧、消极自我形象、社会孤立等也是耻辱感导致社会纽带断裂的中介。耻辱感会导致适应应对能力下降,具体表现为病人出现抑郁、焦虑和低自我效能感,Yigit等[15]研究发现,早期耻辱经历会诱发内化耻辱感,进而导致重度抑郁,破坏治疗依从性。Rao等[27]研究显示,耻辱感以抑郁为中介导致注意力不集中和脑疲劳等症状。随着对耻辱感研究的深入,提示耻辱感导致的社会纽带断裂和适应能力下降会影响依从性,Liu等[32]对依从性影响因素分析报告了不良心理与病人社会参与、社会认同、社会支持感知之间的交互作用对依从性的影响。此外,Stringer等[33]研究提示,交叉耻辱感的影响也不容忽视,如药物滥用、种族歧视、性取向偏离、性别认同偏差等带来的耻辱感,与HIV耻辱感之间存在交互影响。
自我效能感被视为影响ART依从性的关键因素[34-35]。Hosseini等[36]研究显示,药物自我效能感得分每增加1分,ART依从性得分增加0.85分。在对依从性的影响机制中,自我效能感通常被作为耻辱感、不良心理的中介因素。Chu等[37]研究显示,耻辱经历与自我效能感之间存在线性关系,高度耻辱环境下的病人比低耻辱环境下的病人自我效能感降低3.4倍。Zeng等[38]研究明确提出了耻辱感-药物支持-自我效能感-依从性的链式中介效应,解释了耻辱感和效能感之间的传导关系。不良心理也会和效能感相互作用,Min等[39]研究发现,抑郁症会使病人精力难以集中、对治疗计划丧失信心而导致较低自我效能感。
早期关于依从性的神经心理学研究中发现额叶和执行功能(核心认知功能)与良好依从性之间有密切关联[40]。随着神经心理学视角下对HIV研究的深入,HIV相关神经认知功能障碍(HAND)逐渐成为神经功能对依从性影响的重要研究方向。HAND是由HIV引发的持续炎症导致的中枢神经受损,表现为病人认知功能和运动功能损害[41],在AIDS病人中有着极高的发病率。Wei等[42]Meta分析发现,AIDS病人中HAND的患病率高达45%。Nweke等[43]Meta分析中报告了HAND导致的认知功能损伤与依从性高度相关。具体来说,HAND与依从性的关联表现在运动功能、执行功能、记忆、注意、工作记忆、学习等功能受损上[44]。其中由影响黑质纹状体多巴胺系统的中枢神经感染导致的运动功能障碍是最为核心的功能障碍,因为其不仅会导致病人行为上的运动障碍,更会引起精神运动速度低下,即表现在认知功能上的迟缓,虽然执行功能、注意力、记忆等认知功能的受损并非与运动功能障碍由相同脑区受损引起,但会形成交互影响,使认知功能障碍更为严重。额叶受损导致的记忆功能障碍与依从性的降低有着更为密切的关联,具体表现为前瞻记忆对依从性的影响。Woods等[45]建立逻辑回归模型,对前瞻记忆的影响进行预测,发现预期记忆功能缺陷可独立预测治疗不依从性,并且预期记忆功能缺陷个体不依从的可能性是正常病人的6倍。额顶叶损伤所导致的注意力和工作记忆障碍对病人的影响更多表现在生活质量上,例如驾车中更容易导致事故的发生,而与依从性关联更强的则是病人持续注意能力。Levine等[46]研究报告了这种持续注意能力与依从性的显著关联,HAND病人的服药过程极易受到影响而中断,导致依从性降低。并且认知障碍与依从性关系并非单向影响,Trunfio等[47]为期4年的观察性研究表明,依从性降低可能会反过来加剧神经炎症和HAND的严重程度,即两者呈现循环负向影响。
此外,值得注意的是其他相关因素在认知损伤中的保护或加剧作用,文化程度与认知障碍的高度相关性或文化程度对认知障碍和依从性之间关联程度具有调节作用,这在一定程度上可能反映了认知储备对于认知功能的保护作用。认知储备是指个体通过先天的智力、文化程度和生活方式等积累的“脑力资源”,使其在面对脑损伤时能够延缓临床症状的出现或减轻功能障碍,并能调动未受损的脑区或神经网络代偿受损区域的功能[48]。文化程度较高的病人往往具有较高水平的认知储备,进而对大脑和认知损伤展现出更好的保护作用,减缓依从性的降低。在病人的生活习惯方面,药物滥用是与认知损伤相关程度最高的风险因素[49]。Britton等[50]研究报告了病人的耻辱感与注意力表现之间的负向关系。
心理健康问题在AIDS病人群体中普遍存在,并作为治疗依从性的预测因素而受到关注,主要指的是长期的心境状态,如抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、孤独感和恐惧等,其中抑郁、焦虑和孤独感最为普遍。
抑郁是AIDS病人中最常见的心理健康障碍。袁清青等[51]Meta分析显示,AIDS病人的抑郁患病率高达53.8%,而多项研究一致表明抑郁对依从性有显著影响[12,30,52]。Koenig等[53]研究揭示了抑郁与依从性的线性关系,指出抑郁病人中断治疗的可能性是无抑郁病人的2倍。AIDS病人的抑郁是环境和认知交互作用的结果,Rao等[11, 27]研究显示,污名化环境导致的高度耻辱感会降低病人对社会支持的感知,并引发长期不良情绪,进而导致依从性降低。Wu等[54]研究也报告了类似的结果,耻辱经历的内化加剧了病人的预期耻辱感,限制了社交网络,造成社交孤立,失去社会支持后,增加了抑郁的风险,依从性也随之降低。Ham[55]研究还报告了AIDS病人高社会心理负担与抑郁相关,而酗酒、药物滥用、身体活动限制与抑郁的相互影响也是依从性降低的重要原因[56-57]。Rubin等[58]研究进一步揭示了抑郁与认知功能(如处理速度、执行功能、学习与记忆)的关联,说明抑郁与HAND可能存在交互作用,共同影响依从性。
焦虑与抑郁在AIDS病人中常呈现高度共病状态,其对依从性的影响机制与抑郁类似[59]。焦虑对依从性的影响与行为相关联,例如披露焦虑、社交焦虑等。Evangeli等[60]系统评价指出,病人的披露焦虑、社交焦虑阻碍了病人通过病情披露获得社会支持的途径而导致依从性降低。与抑郁类似的是,高焦虑会导致病人对乙醇、毒品、烟草的依赖[61],这也成为降低病人治疗依从性的重要因素。
孤独感是病人与环境关系在心理上的反映[62-63]。Ninnoni等[64]研究表明,污名化环境导致高度耻辱感使病人产生消极自我形象是诱发病人孤独感的主要原因,而这种孤独感又会通过低社会支持、药物支持、心理健康问题,影响病人依从性。Han等[62]研究发现,高度孤独感会导致个体社会退缩,难以融入家庭和寻求社会支持,进而诱发其他心理疾病,最终使得依从性降低。
综上所述,心理健康障碍对依从性既有直接的影响,也在与环境和认知的交互中发挥作用。长期的污名环境和耻辱感会导致病人出现心理健康障碍,而心理健康障碍也会通过自我封闭、社会退缩、自我放弃等反作用到环境和认知中,同时,长期不健康心理状态还可能导致认知功能损伤,依从性也随之下降。
随着研究的深入,更多研究者认识到治疗依从性是非常复杂的问题,病人的依从性是多种因素共同作用的结果。Kimera等[65]研究表明,青少年因缺乏相关教育和社会支持,易陷入药物滥用困境,进而降低依从性。未来研究需要着眼于讨论多种因素的影响效应。此外,影响因素之间的作用并非简单的平行关系,往往呈现出交互效应,例如环境中的污名会导致耻辱感、心理健康障碍,而耻辱感、心理健康障碍也会通过个体的行为表现和对环境的感知反作用于环境,形成交互的恶性循环[66]。因此,未来研究还需关注因素之间影响作用的层级性和方向性等,从而揭示影响因素的相互作用关系及作用机制。更为重要的是,未来研究应以动态的眼光认识和理解不同因素之间的作用,这种动态性既包括同一类型病患在时间纵向上的动态变化,也包括不同类型个体在横向上的动态变化。Yuan等[67]研究显示,早期影响依从性的主要因素是耻辱感,而后期抑郁因素发挥着更大作用。Earnshaw等[68]研究报告,病人早期对压力源否认回避应对与后期较低依从性有关,体现了因素之间作用会伴随患病时间产生动态变化。总之,充分考虑多元因素的作用以及作用的动态变化,才能帮助护理工作者更敏锐地识别病人不同阶段的核心需求,及时调整护理重点和干预策略,为病人提供更为有效的干预方式和手段。
近年来,HIV感染人口结构呈现出青少年和老年群体比例上升的趋势[69-70]。2050年全球HIV负担预测指出,HIV感染者老龄化问题已成为未来重要问题[71]。然而,老年群体和青少年群体AIDS病人往往面临着更为严重的生理和心理问题,对于青少年来说,通常存在认知功能和情绪控制能力发展不成熟,这一情况使得服药依从性降低[72];而老年病人身体和认知迅速老化,还有HIV感染带来的一系列情绪问题[73],使依从性难以得到保障,这些情况使得影响青少年和老年人治疗依从性的因素更为复杂,呈现出特异化模式。因此,应对老年及青少年AIDS病人/HIV感染者投入更多研究与关注,需要基于其不同的心理和生理特征,探究其影响因素和作用机制的特殊性,并提供相应的干预方案。例如针对青少年群体的同伴干预、团体认知行为疗法、家庭干预模式[74-75]等,针对老年群体要采用全面医疗管理、心理健康支持[76]等方式。还应注意家庭离异儿童、围生期感染儿童、流动务工群体等特殊人群[7,77-79],其依从性问题也可能同样会呈现多元化的特征。未来研究还应深入挖掘特殊群体背后的社会心理机制、文化背景作用,延展对全生命历程的关注,以增强研究的适应性。
认知和脑科学研究在较大程度上依赖更为先进的影像设备和技术,未来研究可以尝试使用功能性磁共振(fMRI)、功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)等脑成像技术深入探究HAND相关的神经结构特点或神经活动表现,了解AIDS病人的神经认知障碍特点以及这些障碍如何作用于依从性。在此基础上,还应综合考虑其他相关因素与HIV相关认知神经损伤的相互影响及对神经系统的共同作用。Zackova等[80]Meta分析报告,抑郁病人轻度认知障碍存在额下回、海马和杏仁核的损伤,并且其损伤脑区与HAND有着高度相似性。老龄化伴随的神经系统老化可能与HAND存在交互影响,对这些情况的综合分析能够为从大脑层面的医疗介入提供依据,阻止HAND和依从性的持续性负向影响。认知储备是指更高效地利用大脑网络,或者在需要时调用备用大脑网络的能力[48],对神经损伤具有重要调节作用[81-82]。已有研究结果显示,HAND病人认知储备较低[83-84]。对AIDS病人认知储备的深入研究是一个非常具有创新性的视角,如果能够发现认知储备的训练同样有利于改善AIDS病人的神经认知障碍,将为护理主导的认知康复训练项目提升其治疗依从性带来重要契机。未来研究应探索如何将神经认知评估纳入常规护理评估,并开发护士可执行的认知功能支持策略。
目前AI在医疗领域已有较多应用[85],包括诊断、数据分析、个性化医疗等,国内有研究者开始通过AI大模型预测HIV感染的风险[86]。未来在ART依从性的风险识别、依从性预测、干预等方面,AI都可能发挥更重要的作用。首先,目前对影响因素的探讨主要是基于特定地区和特定人群取样调查的研究模式,由于AI具有跨越时空限制的多渠道、多模态信息提取能力和对结构化和非结构化数据的智能分析处理能力,可以更快速、准确和敏锐地识别影响依从性的风险因素,挖掘具有隐藏性的潜在风险因素。其次,借助AI可以对低依从性病人做出提前预判和控制,由于AI兼备多算法、多模型以及自身深度学习的能力,可尝试结合区块链技术,以实现对AIDS病人信息的整合管理,为机器学习或深度学习的应用提供数据支撑。同时,在病人开始治疗及治疗的早期阶段,可应用AI对病人日常生活轨迹事件进行持续性追踪等,整合多元化影响治疗依从性的不良因素,从而及早甄别和预测低依从性风险个体。Mahdavi[87]通过AI驱动的聚类技术成功识别出心血管疾病人群的动态轨迹和风险因素。此外,在阿尔茨海默病领域,AI驱动的评估预测方法可实现对个体的遗传物质、认知、行为等多元因素的整合,达到对个体阿尔茨海默病的预测[88]。更重要的是,在AI技术驱动下,可制定更具个性化的依从性干预策略,基于病人服药习惯、认知功能、日常活动模式的动态服药提醒方案,此外,还包括对其他依从性相关因素的干预,如在病人心理健康上可尝试采用虚拟现实(VR)和增强现实(AR)技术与AI结合,开发沉浸式的心理干预场景,帮助病人模拟应对污名化情景,从而提高病人自我效能感和心理韧性[89]。针对增强认知储备的认知训练,可尝试根据病人特点开发更具适应性的训练方案,例如对前瞻记忆障碍者增加服药时间节点模拟任务,对执行功能受损者设计多步骤问题解决场景等。
本研究从环境、认知、心理健康3个方面系统性梳理了ART依从性的影响因素,并对不同影响因素间可能存在的调节作用进行了剖析,揭示了依从性问题多维动态性,为护理工作者全面深入地理解AIDS病人依从性影响因素提供了理论框架,为设计和实施更精准、有效的护理干预策略提供了科学依据和干预思路。总之,随着ART的临床普及和医疗技术革新,AIDS病人已能通过较低的经济成本实现疾病的有效控制,提升ART依从性不仅可以改善病人生存质量、促进社会功能适应的核心路径,还可以遏制病毒耐药性演化,降低公共卫生系统压力。

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2026年第40卷第16期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.025
  • 接收时间:2025-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-09
  • 修回日期:2026-06-03
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    1云南师范大学教育学部,云南 650500
    2云南师范大学民族信息化教育部重点实验室
    3云南省传染病医院

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MA Xie, E-mail:
马谐,教授,博士研究生,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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