Article(id=1322924547443405617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764777600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-04, revisedDate=1783958400000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339390860, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339390860, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339390860, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339390860, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924415817757501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='17', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339359478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343089343, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3007, endPage=3015, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924547653120818, articleId=1322924547443405617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Latent profiles of physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women and their association with sleep self-efficacy, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To identify the latent classes of physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women during gestation and to examine the relationship between these classes and sleep self-efficacy.

Methods

A total of 356 pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women attending obstetric clinics at a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province from October 2024 to June 2025 were enrolled.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the Physical Activity Barriers Scale for Pregnant Women,and the Sleep Self-Efficacy Scale.Latent profile analysis was performed to classify physical activity barriers.Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for each class,and linear regression was applied to examine the effect of different classes on sleep self-efficacy.

Results

Three latent classes of physical activity barriers were identified:low barriers(25.3%),moderate barriers(41.3%),and high barriers(33.4%).Multinomial Logistic regression showed that education level,gestational week,history of falls during pregnancy,and exercise habits significantly influenced class membership(P<0.05).Linear regression indicated that,after adjusting for confounders,the latent class of physical activity barriers was a significant predictor of sleep self-efficacy(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women exhibit population heterogeneity.And they are closely associated with sleep self-efficacy.Comprehensive assessment of these barriers is warranted to develop targeted nursing interventions aimed at improving sleep self-efficacy in this population.

, authors=Jiaxin SONG1, Wenping HAN1, Min LI1, Huiqin HAN2, Qiao SUN1, Xishu BAI1, Xiaoyu XU1, authorsList=Jiaxin SONG, Wenping HAN, Min LI, Huiqin HAN, Qiao SUN, Xishu BAI, Xiaoyu XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenping HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924549980959541, articleId=1322924547443405617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍的潜在剖面及其与睡眠自我效能的关系, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍的类别,并分析不同类别与睡眠自我效能的关系。

方法

选取2024年10月—2025年6月在山西省某三级甲等医院产科门诊就诊的356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇作为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、孕期身体活动障碍量表、睡眠自我效能量表进行调查。对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍进行潜在剖面分析,采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析不同类别的影响因素,并采用线性回归模型分析孕期身体活动障碍不同类别对睡眠自我效能的影响。

结果

356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍可分为3个类别:低孕期身体活动障碍组(25.3%)、中孕期身体活动障碍组(41.3%)和高孕期身体活动障碍组(33.4%)。无序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、孕周、孕期跌倒史、有无锻炼习惯对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别有影响(P<0.05)。线性回归分析显示,控制混杂因素后,孕期身体活动障碍潜在类别是睡眠自我效能的重要影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍存在群体异质性,孕期身体活动障碍不同类别与睡眠自我效能密切相关,应全面评估孕前肥胖/超重孕妇的孕期身体活动障碍情况,开展针对性的护理干预,以提高其睡眠自我效能水平。

, authors=宋佳欣1, 韩文萍1, *, *, 李敏1, 韩慧琴2, 孙桥1, 白熙淑1, 许晓宇1, authorsList=宋佳欣, 韩文萍, 李敏, 韩慧琴, 孙桥, 白熙淑, 许晓宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩文萍, authorNote=

宋佳欣,护士,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩文萍,E-mail:
HAN Wenping, E-mail:
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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi University of Medicine, Shanxi 032200 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924550933066552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, companyId=1322924550916289334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学汾阳学院;山西医药学院,山西 032200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322924551012758329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924551163753274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, companyId=1322924551012758329, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shanxi Fenyang Hospital), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924551172141883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, companyId=1322924551012758329, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2山西省汾阳医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322924555722961775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution characteristics of latent classes of physical activity barriers during pregnancy among pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women, figureFileSmall=wEiItQPZifSz5VxOr9UtGg==, figureFileBig=dQE27pz4MaPpiMRi6fg2rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924555785876336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=图1, caption=孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍潜在类别分布特征, figureFileSmall=wEiItQPZifSz5VxOr9UtGg==, figureFileBig=dQE27pz4MaPpiMRi6fg2rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924555953648497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity(n=356)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
年龄<35岁22563.2工作状态在职26173.3
≥35岁13136.8离职/无工作9526.7
居住地城市22964.3孕次1次17448.9
村镇12735.7≥2次18251.1
文化程度初中及以下8925.0有无流产史有10028.1
高中/中专12134.0无25671.9
专科及以上14641.0受孕方式自然受孕30986.8
家庭人均月收入<2 000元12134.0辅助生殖技术受孕4713.2
2 000~4 000元17148.0有无妊娠合并症有21059.0
>4 000元6418.0无14641.0
孕前BMI24.0~<28.0 kg/m220657.9孕期跌倒史有8624.2
≥28.0 kg/m215042.1无27075.8
孕周<14周13036.5有无锻炼习惯有13939.0
14~<28周14139.6无21761.0
≥28周8523.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556050117490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇的一般资料(n=356)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)项目分类例数构成比(%)
年龄<35岁22563.2工作状态在职26173.3
≥35岁13136.8离职/无工作9526.7
居住地城市22964.3孕次1次17448.9
村镇12735.7≥2次18251.1
文化程度初中及以下8925.0有无流产史有10028.1
高中/中专12134.0无25671.9
专科及以上14641.0受孕方式自然受孕30986.8
家庭人均月收入<2 000元12134.0辅助生殖技术受孕4713.2
2 000~4 000元17148.0有无妊娠合并症有21059.0
>4 000元6418.0无14641.0
孕前BMI24.0~<28.0 kg/m220657.9孕期跌倒史有8624.2
≥28.0 kg/m215042.1无27075.8
孕周<14周13036.5有无锻炼习惯有13939.0
14~<28周14139.6无21761.0
≥28周8523.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556125614963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of physical activity barriers and sleep self-efficacy scores during pregnancy between pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women and pre-pregnancy normal-weight women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数孕期身体活动障碍得分睡眠自我效能
孕前肥胖/超重孕妇35677.13±17.4819.69±6.29
孕前正常体重孕妇27073.31±15.7020.66±6.17
t值2.822-1.936
P0.0050.053
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556196918132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇与孕前正常体重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍和睡眠自我效能得分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数孕期身体活动障碍得分睡眠自我效能
孕前肥胖/超重孕妇35677.13±17.4819.69±6.29
孕前正常体重孕妇27073.31±15.7020.66±6.17
t值2.822-1.936
P0.0050.053
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556272415605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Model fit of latent profile analysis for physical activity barriers during pregnancy among pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
132 776.19033 000.93632 816.934
231 181.18331 522.17731 243.0010.910<0.05<0.050.470/0.530
330 886.05531 343.29730 968.9480.884<0.05<0.050.253/0.334/0.413
430 690.43431 263.92430 794.4010.8980.545<0.050.137/0.249/0.258/0.356
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556335330166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍潜在剖面分析拟合情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
132 776.19033 000.93632 816.934
231 181.18331 522.17731 243.0010.910<0.05<0.050.470/0.530
330 886.05531 343.29730 968.9480.884<0.05<0.050.253/0.334/0.413
430 690.43431 263.92430 794.4010.8980.545<0.050.137/0.249/0.258/0.356
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556423410551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors associated with different classes of physical activity barriers during pregnancy among pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分类低孕期身体活动障碍组(n=90)中孕期身体活动障碍组(n=147)高孕期身体活动障碍组(n=119)χ2值P
年龄<35岁66(73.3)84(57.1)75(63.0)6.2940.043
≥35岁24(26.7)63(42.9)44(37.0)
现居地城市59(65.6)97(66.0)73(61.3)0.6970.706
村镇31(34.4)50(34.0)46(38.7)
家庭人均月收入<2 000元33(36.7)41(27.9)47(39.5)
2 000~4 000元40(44.4)76(51.7)55(46.2)5.0210.285
>4 000元17(18.9)30(20.4)17(14.3)
孕前BMI24.0~<28.0 kg/m256(62.2)77(52.4)73(61.3)3.1050.212
≥28.0 kg/m234(37.8)70(47.6)46(38.7)
工作状态在职64(71.1)113(76.9)84(70.6)1.6260.444
离职/无工作26(28.9)34(23.1)35(29.4)
文化程度初中及以下12(13.3)26(17.7)51(42.9)
高中/中专33(36.7)67(45.6)21(17.6)41.067<0.001
专科及以上45(50.0)54(36.7)47(39.5)
孕次1次43(47.8)75(51.0)56(47.1)0.4710.790
≥2次47(52.2)72(49.0)63(52.9)
有无流产史有23(25.6)45(30.6)32(26.9)0.8340.659
无67(74.4)102(69.4)87(73.1)
受孕方式自然受孕75(83.3)132(89.8)102(85.7)2.2180.330
辅助生殖技术受孕15(16.7)15(10.2)17(14.3)
有无妊娠合并症有51(56.7)97(66.0)62(52.1)5.5100.064
无39(43.3)50(34.0)57(47.9)
孕周<14周22(24.4)70(47.6)38(31.9)
14~<28周50(55.6)54(36.7)37(31.1)30.791<0.001
≥28周18(20.0)23(15.6)44(37.0)
孕期跌倒史有3(3.3)21(14.3)62(52.1)79.836<0.001
无87(96.7)126(85.7)57(47.9)
有无锻炼习惯有51(56.7)58(39.5)30(25.2)21.323<0.001
无39(43.3)89(60.5)89(74.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556490519416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分类低孕期身体活动障碍组(n=90)中孕期身体活动障碍组(n=147)高孕期身体活动障碍组(n=119)χ2值P
年龄<35岁66(73.3)84(57.1)75(63.0)6.2940.043
≥35岁24(26.7)63(42.9)44(37.0)
现居地城市59(65.6)97(66.0)73(61.3)0.6970.706
村镇31(34.4)50(34.0)46(38.7)
家庭人均月收入<2 000元33(36.7)41(27.9)47(39.5)
2 000~4 000元40(44.4)76(51.7)55(46.2)5.0210.285
>4 000元17(18.9)30(20.4)17(14.3)
孕前BMI24.0~<28.0 kg/m256(62.2)77(52.4)73(61.3)3.1050.212
≥28.0 kg/m234(37.8)70(47.6)46(38.7)
工作状态在职64(71.1)113(76.9)84(70.6)1.6260.444
离职/无工作26(28.9)34(23.1)35(29.4)
文化程度初中及以下12(13.3)26(17.7)51(42.9)
高中/中专33(36.7)67(45.6)21(17.6)41.067<0.001
专科及以上45(50.0)54(36.7)47(39.5)
孕次1次43(47.8)75(51.0)56(47.1)0.4710.790
≥2次47(52.2)72(49.0)63(52.9)
有无流产史有23(25.6)45(30.6)32(26.9)0.8340.659
无67(74.4)102(69.4)87(73.1)
受孕方式自然受孕75(83.3)132(89.8)102(85.7)2.2180.330
辅助生殖技术受孕15(16.7)15(10.2)17(14.3)
有无妊娠合并症有51(56.7)97(66.0)62(52.1)5.5100.064
无39(43.3)50(34.0)57(47.9)
孕周<14周22(24.4)70(47.6)38(31.9)
14~<28周50(55.6)54(36.7)37(31.1)30.791<0.001
≥28周18(20.0)23(15.6)44(37.0)
孕期跌倒史有3(3.3)21(14.3)62(52.1)79.836<0.001
无87(96.7)126(85.7)57(47.9)
有无锻炼习惯有51(56.7)58(39.5)30(25.2)21.323<0.001
无39(43.3)89(60.5)89(74.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1322924556628931449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with different classes of physical activity barriers during pregnancy among pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
低孕期身体活动障碍组文化程度(初中及以下)-1.4670.43911.187<0.0010.231[0.098,0.545]
孕期跌倒史(无)3.2660.63326.651<0.00126.210[7.585,90.572]
有无锻炼习惯-1.0380.3449.1100.0030.354[0.181,0.695]
中孕期身体活动障碍组文化程度(初中及以下)-0.7600.3464.8320.0280.468[0.237,0.921]
文化程度(高中/中专)0.9220.3487.0180.0082.514[1.271,4.972]
孕周(<14周)0.9010.3715.8840.0152.461[1.189,5.095]
孕期跌倒史(无)1.6960.32427.458<0.0015.454[2.892,10.287]
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孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别影响因素的多因素分析

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类别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
低孕期身体活动障碍组文化程度(初中及以下)-1.4670.43911.187<0.0010.231[0.098,0.545]
孕期跌倒史(无)3.2660.63326.651<0.00126.210[7.585,90.572]
有无锻炼习惯-1.0380.3449.1100.0030.354[0.181,0.695]
中孕期身体活动障碍组文化程度(初中及以下)-0.7600.3464.8320.0280.468[0.237,0.921]
文化程度(高中/中专)0.9220.3487.0180.0082.514[1.271,4.972]
孕周(<14周)0.9010.3715.8840.0152.461[1.189,5.095]
孕期跌倒史(无)1.6960.32427.458<0.0015.454[2.892,10.287]
), ArticleFig(id=1322924558344401787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Association between different classes of physical activity barriers during pregnancy and sleep self-efficacy among pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women

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变量模型1模型2
回归系数标准误t值P回归系数标准误t值P
年龄-0.0510.073-0.6920.4891.3110.5522.3740.018
文化程度-0.1400.045-3.1480.002-0.2080.336-0.6190.536
孕周-0.0200.047-0.4210.6740.7800.3562.1890.029
孕期跌倒史0.7230.0868.430<0.001-1.7960.703-2.5540.011
有无锻炼习惯-0.2520.074-3.4240.0010.1100.5580.1970.844
低孕期身体活动障碍组9.0470.78911.461<0.001
中孕期身体活动障碍组3.3470.6794.931<0.001
F值13.07932.252
P<0.001<0.001
R2值0.1570.393
调整R2值0.1450.381
), ArticleFig(id=1322924558432482172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924547443405617, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别与睡眠自我效能的关系

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变量模型1模型2
回归系数标准误t值P回归系数标准误t值P
年龄-0.0510.073-0.6920.4891.3110.5522.3740.018
文化程度-0.1400.045-3.1480.002-0.2080.336-0.6190.536
孕周-0.0200.047-0.4210.6740.7800.3562.1890.029
孕期跌倒史0.7230.0868.430<0.001-1.7960.703-2.5540.011
有无锻炼习惯-0.2520.074-3.4240.0010.1100.5580.1970.844
低孕期身体活动障碍组9.0470.78911.461<0.001
中孕期身体活动障碍组3.3470.6794.931<0.001
F值13.07932.252
P<0.001<0.001
R2值0.1570.393
调整R2值0.1450.381
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孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍的潜在剖面及其与睡眠自我效能的关系
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宋佳欣 1 , 韩文萍 1, *, * , 李敏 1 , 韩慧琴 2 , 孙桥 1 , 白熙淑 1 , 许晓宇 1
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(17): 3007-3015
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (17) : 3007 -3015
孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍的潜在剖面及其与睡眠自我效能的关系
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宋佳欣1, 韩文萍1, *, * , 李敏1, 韩慧琴2, 孙桥1, 白熙淑1, 许晓宇1
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学汾阳学院;山西医药学院,山西 032200
  • 2山西省汾阳医院
通讯作者:
韩文萍,E-mail:
HAN Wenping, E-mail:
作者简介:

宋佳欣,护士,硕士研究生

Latent profiles of physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women and their association with sleep self-efficacy
Jiaxin SONG1, Wenping HAN1 , Min LI1, Huiqin HAN2, Qiao SUN1, Xishu BAI1, Xiaoyu XU1
Affiliations
  • 1Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University/Shanxi University of Medicine, Shanxi 032200 China
  • 2Shanxi Fenyang Hospital
出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.007
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目的

探究孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍的类别,并分析不同类别与睡眠自我效能的关系。

方法

选取2024年10月—2025年6月在山西省某三级甲等医院产科门诊就诊的356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇作为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、孕期身体活动障碍量表、睡眠自我效能量表进行调查。对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍进行潜在剖面分析,采用无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析不同类别的影响因素,并采用线性回归模型分析孕期身体活动障碍不同类别对睡眠自我效能的影响。

结果

356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍可分为3个类别:低孕期身体活动障碍组(25.3%)、中孕期身体活动障碍组(41.3%)和高孕期身体活动障碍组(33.4%)。无序多分类Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度、孕周、孕期跌倒史、有无锻炼习惯对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别有影响(P<0.05)。线性回归分析显示,控制混杂因素后,孕期身体活动障碍潜在类别是睡眠自我效能的重要影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍存在群体异质性,孕期身体活动障碍不同类别与睡眠自我效能密切相关,应全面评估孕前肥胖/超重孕妇的孕期身体活动障碍情况,开展针对性的护理干预,以提高其睡眠自我效能水平。

孕妇  /  肥胖  /  超重  /  身体活动障碍  /  潜在剖面分析  /  睡眠自我效能  /  影响因素
Objective

To identify the latent classes of physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women during gestation and to examine the relationship between these classes and sleep self-efficacy.

Methods

A total of 356 pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women attending obstetric clinics at a tertiary hospital in Shanxi Province from October 2024 to June 2025 were enrolled.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the Physical Activity Barriers Scale for Pregnant Women,and the Sleep Self-Efficacy Scale.Latent profile analysis was performed to classify physical activity barriers.Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify influencing factors for each class,and linear regression was applied to examine the effect of different classes on sleep self-efficacy.

Results

Three latent classes of physical activity barriers were identified:low barriers(25.3%),moderate barriers(41.3%),and high barriers(33.4%).Multinomial Logistic regression showed that education level,gestational week,history of falls during pregnancy,and exercise habits significantly influenced class membership(P<0.05).Linear regression indicated that,after adjusting for confounders,the latent class of physical activity barriers was a significant predictor of sleep self-efficacy(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women exhibit population heterogeneity.And they are closely associated with sleep self-efficacy.Comprehensive assessment of these barriers is warranted to develop targeted nursing interventions aimed at improving sleep self-efficacy in this population.

pregnant women  /  obesity  /  overweight  /  physical activity barriers  /  latent profile analysis  /  sleep self-efficacy  /  influencing factors
宋佳欣, 韩文萍, 李敏, 韩慧琴, 孙桥, 白熙淑, 许晓宇. 孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍的潜在剖面及其与睡眠自我效能的关系. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3007 -3015 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.007
Jiaxin SONG, Wenping HAN, Min LI, Huiqin HAN, Qiao SUN, Xishu BAI, Xiaoyu XU. Latent profiles of physical activity barriers in pre-pregnancy overweight/obese women and their association with sleep self-efficacy[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3007 -3015 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.007
肥胖与超重已成为影响孕期健康的重大公共卫生问题,且发病率逐年上涨[1]。有研究显示,中国孕前肥胖/超重的发生率为14.5%[2]。孕前肥胖及超重不仅会增加妊娠期糖尿病、子痫前期等不良妊娠结局的发生风险,还与巨大儿、大于胎龄儿的发生密切相关;此外,该类人群普遍面临身体活动水平低与睡眠质量差的双重挑战[2-5]。身体活动水平不足可能引发孕期体重过度增加,进而抑制活动意愿,最终形成“活动不足-体重增加-不良妊娠结局”的恶性循环[6]。而孕期睡眠质量差与多种不良结局相关,如早产、小于胎龄儿及产前抑郁等[7-8]。身体活动是指任何由骨骼肌收缩引起且能量消耗高于基础代谢水平的活动,涵盖职业活动、交通活动、家务劳动和休闲娱乐等[9-10],是体重控制的有效措施之一,也是短时间内改变母婴健康的重要手段[11-12]。身体活动障碍是指阻碍个体进行身体活动或遵从健康行为建议的潜在障碍因素[13]。睡眠自我效能是指个体对自身参与高效睡眠行为能力的信心,是睡眠质量的关键影响因素[14]。既往研究发现,孕期身体活动作为改善孕妇睡眠的非药物策略,与睡眠质量成正相关关系,是重要的促进因素[15]。然而,传统研究方法通常依据标准化量表得分对人群进行简单划分,难以充分揭示身体活动障碍在个体间的异质性特征,也无法深入探讨不同类型与睡眠自我效能的关系。考虑到睡眠自我效能较高的个体更倾向于接受行为干预,且行为疗法具有安全性优势[16],将其作为关键的心理预测变量和干预靶点具有重要价值。潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)作为一种以个体为中心的异质性分析方法,将在外显变量中有类似反应的个体纳入同一类别,从而探讨个体间的异质性。因此,本研究基于潜在剖面分析方法深入探究孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍因素及其与睡眠自我效能的关系,为制定个性化的孕期身体活动管理方案提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,选取2024年10月—2025年6月于山西省某三级甲等医院产科门诊孕期建档的孕妇作为研究对象。为确保研究的背景可比性,本研究从同期建档的孕妇中同时纳入孕前肥胖/超重孕妇及孕前正常体重的孕妇。孕前正常体重孕妇纳入标准:1)年龄≥20岁;2)孕前体质指数(BMI)18.5~<24.0 kg/m²;3)沟通、表达及读写能力正常;4)自愿参与本研究。孕前肥胖/超重孕妇纳入标准:1)年龄≥20岁;2)孕前BMI≥24.0 kg/m2;3)沟通、表达及读写能力正常;4)自愿参与本研究。排除标准:1)患有孕期运动绝对禁忌证(严重的呼吸系统疾病、心血管疾病、胎盘早剥、胎盘前置血管、未受控制的1型糖尿病、宫内生长受限、早产、重度子痫前期控制不良等)[17];2)有心理、精神疾病史。剔除标准:中途退出者。采用公式n=(μα/2sδ)2估算样本量[18],其中α=0.05,μα/2=1.96。根据预调查结果,孕期身体活动障碍得分标准差为3.89,规定可容许误差为0.50,得出所需样本量为233例,考虑到20%的无效问卷,至少需要样本量292例,最终纳入356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇(此样本量估算及后续纳入的356例研究对象均针对研究主体孕前肥胖/超重孕妇。同期纳入的孕前正常体重孕妇作为参照,其数据仅用于一般资料和核心变量总分的基线比较,旨在为本研究的目标人群特征提供参照,不参与后续针对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇群体的潜在剖面分析等核心统计建模)。本研究已通过山西医科大学汾阳学院伦理委员会批准(伦理号:2024081)。
由研究人员自行设计,包括年龄、现居地、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、孕前BMI、工作状态、孕次、有无流产史、受孕方式、孕周、孕期跌倒史、有无锻炼习惯等。跌倒判定:孕期因意外失去身体平衡,导致任何部位触及地面或低于平面的物体[19];锻炼习惯判定:孕前每天运动时间≥30 min,且每周锻炼3 d以上视为有锻炼习惯。
由Amiri-Farahani等[20]编制,杨依云等[21]汉化,量表包含与怀孕有关的个人内部障碍、与怀孕无关的个人内部障碍、人际关系障碍及环境障碍4个维度,共29个条目。其中,环境障碍指外部物理条件与社会资源的限制,如缺乏便捷、安全、适宜的活动场所与设施;与怀孕有关的个人内部障碍指由妊娠直接引起的生理不适与安全担忧,如身体沉重、疼痛、呼吸急促、胃肠道反应;与怀孕无关的个人内部障碍指个体固有的、与妊娠无直接关系的心理与行为模式障碍;人际关系障碍指来自社会文化、家庭支持及专业指导的外部障碍。采用Likert 5级评分法,1~5分分别对应“非常不同意”到“非常同意”,总分29~145分,得分越高表明孕妇的身体活动障碍越大。本研究中该量表Cronbach′s α系数为0.898。
由张云浩等[14]汉化,量表包含睡眠适应效能及睡眠控制效能2个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法,1~5分分别对应“完全没有信心”到“非常有信心”,总分8~40分,得分越高表明被评估者的睡眠自我效能越好。本研究中该量表Cronbach′s α系数为0.896。
本研究由4名经过统一培训的调查员共同完成数据收集工作。调查开始前,对调查员进行集中培训,内容涵盖问卷讲解方式与核心内容。调查过程中,向孕妇详细阐述研究目的及意义,说明问卷填写内容与方法,承诺匿名性,在获得知情同意后,指导其独立完成问卷填写。当场回收并检查问卷质量,如有遗漏项请孕妇及时补充。每位孕妇问卷填写时间控制在15~20 min。孕前正常体重孕妇共发放285份问卷,有效收回270份,问卷有效回收率为94.74%,用于与孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍比较;孕前肥胖/超重孕妇共发放380份问卷,有效回收问卷356份,问卷有效回收率为93.68%。
本研究采用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析,探索1~5个剖面的模型拟合效果。通过艾凯克信息准则(Akaike information criteria,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criteria,BIC)和调整贝叶斯信息准则(adjusted BIC,aBIC)评估模型拟合效果,其中AIC、BIC和aBIC值越小表示拟合效果越好。分类精确性通过信息熵(Entropy)评价,数值越接近1表明分类越精确。模型间的拟合差异通过罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test,LMRT)和基于Bootstrap的似然比检验(Bootstrap likelihood ratio test,BLRT)进行比较;若P<0.05,则表明k个类别模型优于k-1个类别模型。
统计分析采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析,符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述,组间比较使用独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析;定性资料采用频数和构成比(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验。此外,采用无序多分类Logistic回归分析探讨各类别中孕前肥胖/超重孕妇的影响因素,并采用线性回归模型分析孕期身体活动障碍不同类别对睡眠自我效能的影响。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
356例孕前肥胖/超重孕妇身体活动障碍总分为(77.13±17.48)分,与怀孕有关的个人内部障碍维度得分为(27.16±7.62)分,与怀孕无关的个人内部障碍维度得分为(13.22±4.07)分,人际关系障碍维度得分为(13.22±3.77)分,环境障碍维度得分为(23.53±6.01)分,条目均分为(2.66±0.60)分。睡眠自我效能总分为(19.69±6.29)分,条目均分为(2.46±0.79)分。孕前肥胖/超重孕妇与孕前正常体重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍和睡眠自我效能得分比较见表2。
以孕期身体活动障碍量表29个条目作为外显变量,依次拟合1~4个潜在剖面模型,模型拟合信息见表3。结果显示,随着模型拟合数目的增加,AIC、BIC、aBIC值不断减小,但模型4的LMRT无统计学意义(P>0.05),虽然Entropy值在模型2时最大,但考虑到模型可解释实际意义,模型3优于模型2,且3个潜在类别平均归属概率为95.1%、93.6%、96.8%,表明3个潜在类别的模型可靠,因此,最终选取模型3为最优模型。类别1:共包含90例,该类别整体水平低于其他两组,且全部条目得分在3.0分以下,故命名为“低孕期身体活动障碍组”;类别2:共包含147例,该类别的各条目得分完全介于类别1与类别3之间,故命名为“中孕期身体活动障碍组”;类别3:共包含119例,该类别中各条目得分均高于3.0分,故命名为“高孕期身体活动障碍组”。根据分类情况绘制潜在剖面图,见图1。
将不同孕期身体活动障碍的类别作为因变量,以高孕期身体活动障碍组为参照,以单因素分析有统计学意义的变量为自变量进行无序多分类Logistic回归分析。自变量赋值:年龄,<35岁=1,≥35岁=2;孕周,≥28周=1,<14周=2,14~<28周=3;文化程度,专科及以上=1,高中/中专=2,初中及以下=3;孕期跌倒史,无=0,有=1;有无锻炼习惯,无=0,有=1。回归分析结果显示,文化程度、孕周、孕期跌倒史、有无锻炼习惯是孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍不同类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。具体见表5。
将睡眠自我效能得分作为因变量,对所有变量进行多重共线性检验结果显示,所有解释变量的容忍度均>0.1,方差膨胀因子(VIF)<5,说明不存在多重共线性。身体活动障碍赋值方法:高孕期身体活动障碍组(0,0),低孕期身体活动障碍组(1,0),中孕期身体活动障碍组(0,1)。采用线性回归分析探讨孕期身体活动障碍类别对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇睡眠自我效能的影响。模型1只纳入控制变量,包括年龄、文化程度、孕周、孕期跌倒史、有无锻炼习惯,模型2纳入孕期身体活动障碍潜在类别,结果显示,相比高孕期身体活动障碍组,低孕期身体活动障碍组和中孕期身体活动障碍组均能正向预测睡眠自我效能(P<0.05),可解释总变异的23.6%。结果见表6。
本研究发现,孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍较孕前正常体重孕妇得分高,其原因可能与该人群身体活动水平较低、缺乏动力及久坐行为严重等因素有关,这些因素共同构成了其孕期活动的多重障碍,进而可能提升母婴健康并发症的发生风险[22-23]。因此,识别并重点关注这一群体,对于制定针对性的孕期保健策略具有重要意义。本研究识别出3个具有不同特征的类别。低孕期身体活动障碍组(25.3%)孕前肥胖/超重孕妇主要以文化程度高、有锻炼习惯为主,整体条目得分低于其他两组,表明其在孕期中感受到的身体活动障碍较少。中孕期身体活动障碍组(41.3%)孕妇主要以文化程度较高、孕早期为主,整体得分处于中等水平。研究显示,孕期身体活动可增加胎盘血液灌注和功能能力,可预防胎盘异常的情况,以及可降低妊娠并发症的发生[21]。因此,医护人员应及时关注此类孕妇的身体活动情况,并及早识别及解决其身体活动的障碍因素,避免其向高孕期身体活动障碍组发展。高孕期身体活动障碍组(33.4%)孕妇主要以文化程度低、孕晚期、有孕期跌倒史、无锻炼习惯为主,孕妇在各条目得分高于其他两组,说明该类别中孕妇的孕期身体活动障碍多。研究显示,孕妇在孕期存在减少身体活动及限制运动锻炼的习惯,但专家指南及共识中明确提出孕期身体活动的益处,因此及时识别孕妇孕期身体活动障碍因素并给予解决措施,有助于提升孕妇的孕期身体活动能力[23]。此外,肥胖是妊娠期高血压的重要影响因素,肥胖孕妇存在内皮功能障碍、免疫功能异常以及妊娠早期血压值升高的问题,而体力活动是孕前及孕期体重控制简单、经济的方法,可预防妊娠期高血压的发生[24],故高孕期身体活动障碍组存在更高的健康危险因素。医护人员应当尽早识别孕前肥胖/超重孕妇的孕期身体活动障碍,并及时采取应对措施,可通过在孕妇学校中提供孕期运动管理措施以及孕期知识科普平台等措施降低孕妇的孕期身体活动障碍水平,从而提高孕妇孕期生活质量,降低妊娠期并发症的发生。
结果显示,文化程度越低越易进入高孕期身体活动障碍组。可能原因为:文化程度低时存在健康素养不足的情况,可能限制其对孕期身体活动重要性的理解[25]。具体而言,低健康素养水平可能限制孕妇对孕期进行适度身体活动的多重益处(如控制体重、降低妊娠并发症风险等)及其安全性考量(如适宜的运动类型、强度、持续时间及禁忌证)的深入理解和准确评估。同时,健康素养不足也可能削弱孕妇主动搜寻、有效获取、正确解读孕期科学运动指导信息的能力。其次,对于低文化程度孕妇而言,她们可能面临着更多的信息获取壁垒(例如难以理解专业医学术语)。这种信息鸿沟极易导致其对自身的实际运动能力产生过高或过低的估计,并对潜在的运动相关风险形成误判,过度担忧运动伤害以及低估运动的必要性。加之,可能存在对医疗建议信任度不足或社会支持网络薄弱等因素,使其产生规避或减少孕期身体活动的行为倾向,从而加剧身体活动障碍的程度。因此,医护人员可针对文化程度低的孕前肥胖/超重孕妇,开展通俗易懂、图文结合的孕期运动指导管理,强化其健康信念,破除运动误区,减少其孕期身体活动障碍。
本研究结果显示,相较于高孕期身体活动障碍组,孕周<14周的孕妇更易进入中孕期身体活动障碍组。可能原因为:许多孕妇常因担心身体活动可能危及自身及胎儿的健康与安全,而在妊娠期间主动减少或限制运动[26],以及孕早期孕妇可能存在恶心呕吐、乏力、头晕、嗜睡等症状,进而影响其身体活动水平,但孕早期子宫仍在盆腔内,腹部无明显隆起,肢体活动的物理阻碍较小,致使孕妇因谨慎的本能反应及身体形态未受限制而更多地进入中孕期身体活动障碍组。加之,孕前肥胖/超重的孕妇存在更大的健康负担,加重其身体负荷,可能提高其孕期身体活动障碍水平[27]。因此,医护人员应对孕前肥胖/超重孕妇在孕期实施更及时、更系统且更具针对性的多维度支持策略,如通过科学管理孕期体重增长轨迹、提供符合个体状况的低风险运动方案指导、提供缓解躯体不适的技巧、进行能量管理以对抗疲劳,以及提供必要的心理社会支持以增强其克服活动障碍的信心与行动力,从而减少其孕期身体活动障碍,促进孕期健康管理。
结果显示,有跌倒史的孕前肥胖/超重孕妇更易归入高孕期身体活动障碍组。可能原因为:孕期跌倒史可能诱发孕妇的运动恐惧心理和对自身平衡能力的深切担忧,这种对再次跌倒的强烈恐惧感,构成了阻碍其进行身体活动的关键心理障碍[28]。其次,孕前肥胖/超重孕妇可能存在因体重负荷增加而面临更高平衡控制挑战,跌倒史所带来的心理负担与其固有的生理挑战相互叠加,进一步放大其对身体活动的恐惧和回避倾向,从而提高其孕期身体活动障碍程度。因此,医护人员应对有跌倒史的孕前肥胖/超重孕妇进行运动恐惧评估,提供平衡训练、并推荐安全的运动环境,结合认知行为策略帮助其建立自我防范意识并缓解其对跌倒的过度担忧,从而降低其孕期身体活动障碍程度。
结果显示,孕前有锻炼习惯的肥胖/超重孕妇更易归入低孕期身体活动障碍组。可能原因为:孕前有锻炼习惯的孕妇对运动较少存在抵触情绪,且已有规律锻炼形成的运动技能及体能储备,较少存在身体活动障碍情况。其次,拥有锻炼习惯的孕妇能较好地感知运动的益处,其运动自我效能感较高,因此在孕期感受到的身体活动障碍较少[29]。值得注意的是,大多数孕妇在孕期存在身体活动减少的情况,因此针对有锻炼习惯的孕妇,在无运动风险的情况下,医护人员应当推荐其在孕期进行中等强度的运动,并做好运动管理宣教工作,使其保持较高的运动自我效能。对于无锻炼习惯的孕妇,医护人员应当动员其在孕期进行运动锻炼,建议在孕期开始运动时,从低强度运动开始、循序渐进地进行身体活动[30]。
睡眠自我效能是衡量个体对自身入睡和维持睡眠能力信念的重要指标,影响整体睡眠质量。本研究结果显示,孕前肥胖/超重孕妇群体的睡眠自我效能感总分为(19.69±6.29)分,低于张云浩等[14]对于住院病人的睡眠自我效能感总分[(34.21±7.13)分]。这一差异可能源于孕期特有的多重生理与心理社会变化,孕妇常经历腰背疼痛、胃食管反流、尿频以及子宫收缩等不适症状,这些因素可能增加了睡眠障碍的发生风险。频繁的睡眠困扰不仅直接削弱了孕妇对自身睡眠控制能力的信心(即睡眠自我效能感),还会导致日间精神萎靡、身体疲乏等不良后果,进而降低其参与身体活动的意愿和水平。本研究结果显示,在控制混杂变量后,与高孕期身体活动障碍组相比,低孕期身体活动障碍组和中孕期身体活动障碍组均能正向预测睡眠自我效能(P<0.05)。结果提示,较低的身体活动障碍水平是提升睡眠自我效能感的一个保护性因素,其潜在的生理机制可能与自主神经系统调节密切相关;已有研究表明,良好的睡眠过程伴随着副交感神经活动的增强,而身体活动能够有效促进交感神经活动的撤退以及副交感神经的再激活,这种通过运动实现的交感-副交感神经平衡的动态调节,可对经常参与身体活动孕妇的睡眠质量产生积极促进作用,进而可能通过改善睡眠体验来巩固其睡眠自我效能感[31-32]。此外,睡眠自我效能的直接干预涉及认知信念、行为习惯、心理调节等多层面内容[7,33-34],需整合多维度干预策略以实现协同效果,相比仅针对运动类型、强度等具象目标的身体活动干预,其方案构建的复杂性更高。因此,医护人员可从干预孕妇的身体活动入手,及时识别其身体活动障碍因素,并给予解决方案,从而帮助孕妇提高睡眠自我效能感。
孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍存在群体异质性,需要特别关注高孕期身体活动障碍者;同时,孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍类别与其睡眠自我效能有关,相比高孕期身体活动障碍组,低孕期身体活动障碍组和中孕期身体活动障碍组均能正向预测睡眠自我效能。提示妇幼保健人员/医护人员可通过降低孕妇孕期身体活动障碍来改善其睡眠自我效能。本研究为横断面研究,难以对变量间的因果关系进行考察,未来的研究可采用纵向研究明确孕前肥胖/超重孕妇孕期身体活动障碍的不同类别对睡眠自我效能的影响。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.007
  • 接收时间:2025-12-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-04
  • 修回日期:2026-07-14
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    1山西医科大学汾阳学院;山西医药学院,山西 032200
    2山西省汾阳医院

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韩文萍,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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