Article(id=1322924483526402625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.027, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764086400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-26, revisedDate=1783958400000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339375620, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339375620, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339375620, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339375620, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924415817757501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='17', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339359478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343089343, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3137, endPage=3143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924483769672258, articleId=1322924483526402625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application progress on clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence in emergency department, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To review the relevant researches on the application of clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence in emergency department from four aspects: overview,application status, challenges and future development trends,aiming to enhance the intelligent management of medical decision-making of emergency department, and to provide reference for the development of smart medicine.

, authors=Danlu CHEN1, Ru CHEN1, Yawei SHAN2, Feng ZHANG1, Chunxiang SHI1, Zhongming SHEN1, authorsList=Danlu CHEN, Ru CHEN, Yawei SHAN, Feng ZHANG, Chunxiang SHI, Zhongming SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongming SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924484205879875, articleId=1322924483526402625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊的应用进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

从概述、应用现状、现存挑战和未来展望4个方面对基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊应用的相关研究进行综述,旨在进一步加强对急诊智慧化临床决策辅助支持的管理,为智慧医疗的建设提供参考。

, authors=陈丹露1, 陈茹1, 单亚维2, 张凤1, 施春香1, 沈中鸣1, *, *, authorsList=陈丹露, 陈茹, 单亚维, 张凤, 施春香, 沈中鸣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈中鸣, authorNote=

陈丹露,护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
沈中鸣,E-mail:
SHEN Zhongming, E-mail:
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陈丹露,护师,硕士研究生

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陈丹露,护师,硕士研究生

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基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊的应用进展
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陈丹露 1 , 陈茹 1 , 单亚维 2 , 张凤 1 , 施春香 1 , 沈中鸣 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(17): 3137-3143
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (17) : 3137 -3143
基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊的应用进展
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陈丹露1, 陈茹1, 单亚维2, 张凤1, 施春香1, 沈中鸣1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海中医药大学附属光华医院,上海 200052
  • 2上海中医药大学护理学院
通讯作者:
沈中鸣,E-mail:
SHEN Zhongming, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈丹露,护师,硕士研究生

Application progress on clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence in emergency department
Danlu CHEN1, Ru CHEN1, Yawei SHAN2, Feng ZHANG1, Chunxiang SHI1, Zhongming SHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.027
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从概述、应用现状、现存挑战和未来展望4个方面对基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊应用的相关研究进行综述,旨在进一步加强对急诊智慧化临床决策辅助支持的管理,为智慧医疗的建设提供参考。

急诊  /  临床决策支持  /  人工智能  /  决策辅助  /  智慧医疗  /  综述

To review the relevant researches on the application of clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence in emergency department from four aspects: overview,application status, challenges and future development trends,aiming to enhance the intelligent management of medical decision-making of emergency department, and to provide reference for the development of smart medicine.

emergency department  /  clinical decision support  /  artificial intelligence  /  decision aids  /  smart medicine  /  review
陈丹露, 陈茹, 单亚维, 张凤, 施春香, 沈中鸣. 基于人工智能的临床决策支持系统在急诊的应用进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3137 -3143 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.027
Danlu CHEN, Ru CHEN, Yawei SHAN, Feng ZHANG, Chunxiang SHI, Zhongming SHEN. Application progress on clinical decision support system based on artificial intelligence in emergency department[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3137 -3143 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.027
急诊科是所有急症病人入院治疗的必经之路,是重症病人最集中、接受抢救和管理任务最重的科室之一[1]。急诊工作中要求医务人员在短时间内做出快速、准确地判断,迅速采取适宜的干预措施,然而信息输入不足和时间的急迫性增加了紧急医疗决策的挑战性,一旦发生决策错误不仅会延误病人的治疗,严重时还会使病人付出以生命为代价的严重损失[2]。临床决策支持系统(clinical decision support system,CDSS)是基于应用信息技术,通过快速检索临床数据和知识体系,为医务人员提供有效的信息支持辅助系统[3]。2023年7月,国家卫生健康委员会办公厅发布的《关于印发医疗机构临床决策支持系统应用管理规范(试行)的通知》[4]指出,鼓励有条件的医疗机构可利用CDSS作为提升医疗质量和安全的智能化工具,促进智慧医疗建设发展。人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)作为计算机科学的一个分支,其下属的机器学习(machine learning,ML)以及深度学习(deep learning,DL)在急诊应用广泛[5]。本研究从基于AI的CDSS的概述、在急诊中的应用现状、现存挑战以及未来展望4个方面对AI在急诊辅助决策中的应用进行综述,旨在进一步为急诊领域的CDSS建设提供参考,为智慧医疗事业的发展提供借鉴。
AI技术是一种模拟人类智能的理论、方法和技术的新技术科学,具有强大的数据处理技术和分析能力,能够借助机器学习、深度学习以及自然语言处理等计算机技术,从医疗数据网络中提取信息,发现未知的临床情况,指导临床决策[6-7]。研究发现,AI在辅助临床决策中具有较高的诊断准确性、敏感性和特异性,能够为病人提供更准确和及时的诊断和治疗[8]。目前,AI技术在临床中被广泛应用于医学影像辅助诊断[9]、辅助诊疗[10]以及医院的信息化建设[11]等各领域。相对于传统的数据分析方法,AI在临床数据处理能力上的应用具有耗时短、准确度高等特点,能有效降低急危重症病人的并发症发生率[12]。
CDSS通常被称为计算机化系统,其目标为支持临床决策,并利用病人的个体特征提供健康相关的建议[13]。基于大数据的CDSS通过将数据作为推理和判断的依据,进行存储和建模,形成作为评估不同措施对个体结果的增益数据模型[14],最终达到提高医务人员决策的科学性、优化病人的治疗方案,并实现资源高效配置的目标。在临床中,CDSS目前被广泛应用于慢性病管理[15-17]、风险预测[18]、急危重症护理[19]等领域。目前,在护理领域中的应用主要包括筛查、风险识别、早期预警、评估、智能决策、随访和质量控制等多项功能[20]。
AI具有较强的数据检索和处理能力,CDSS能辅助医疗决策的处理,因此AI可以为临床决策提供技术支持,两者相结合能形成基于AI的CDSS[21]。AI在CDSS中以数据为基础,并且在既往经验中累积经验,能够对新数据起到识别和预测的能力。CDSS既包含临床指南、临床决策规则等非信息化内容,也包括记录病人电子健康信息的软件系统,克服了医务人员知识来源有限的局限性[22]。国内外基于AI的CDSS主要应用于重症监护[23-24]、中医诊疗[25]、抑郁症管理[26]、癌症治疗[27-28]、心血管疾病诊疗[29]、手术决策[30]、初级卫生保健[31]等领域。
预检分诊是一种根据疾病或受伤情况按照轻重缓急顺序安排就诊的方式,是影响病人救治效果的重要因素之一,而疾病诊断是给予病人有效治疗措施的前提。这个过程不仅会受到急诊环境中的多重因素干扰,而且受医务人员的培训水平、专业知识、临床经验和沟通技巧影响。因此,在病人进入急诊后需要尽早做出正确的判断。
预检护士是负责安排急诊病人就诊的第一道关口,需要对病人病情做出审慎和快速地评估。目前,多项分诊工具在临床中应用广泛,但仅依赖于护士的经验和知识可能会使评估结果不一致,导致医疗资源的浪费甚至威胁病人的生命健康[32]。此外,急诊科属于动态场景,需要结合病人健康数据、资源可利用性以及医患互动等,属于复杂的课题。Zhang等[33]构建了一种分析病人就诊原因的方法,利用多层神经网络模型预测病人的住院需求,结局指标为住院、转院与直接出院,并利用十折交叉验证的方法测试模型,其受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)为0.84,表明该模型具有较好的预测能力。Wang等[34]基于数据驱动和循证医学的分诊方法,设计了一种双向长短期记忆网络模型DeepTriager,可同时处理临床记录中的结构化数据与文本数据,从而预测急诊病人的病情严重程度,并且能够提供可视化和可解释的临床情境证据以辅助决策,AUC为0.93,较传统机器学习方法高出0.03。Chio等[35]利用医院就诊病人的回顾性数据建立自然语言处理技术库,采用逻辑回归、随机森林和XGBoost进行事件分类,最终与急诊分诊病情严重程度量表进行比较,基于机器学习算法构建的分诊系统不仅整合了病人入院时的结构化数据(基本信息和疾病信息),还包含了护理的分诊记录,增强了护理分诊预测的可靠性。在此基础上,Kim等[36]将语音识别与自然语言处理技术融入机器学习模型,开发了BERT-KTAS深度学习分类器,该模型能从医患对话中识别症状并自动判定分诊的等级,并且可同时基于文本预测分诊结果与症状,从而有效减轻了急诊科的工作负荷。
医疗诊断错误是影响病人生命安全的重大威胁,而急诊环境复杂,医务人员需要在短时间内根据病人提供的有限信息做出快速决策,因此这个过程是发生诊断错误的高危阶段[37]。AI可通过自动化数据检索和快速为临床医生提供关键的病人信息,从而优化信息收集的流程,提升决策质量。Taylor等[38]基于双过程理论框架构建基于AI的CDSS,该理论指出人类思维融合了快速直觉的自动处理和缓慢审慎的分析处理,并聚焦急诊环境中决策过程的3个关键序列领域:优化信息收集流程、整合临床决策支持系统的信息和促进质量改进中的教育与反馈。因此,该系统能够基于病人的主诉、症状及病史自动生成鉴别诊断清单,既能与自动处理模式相匹配,又能激活分析和处理的流程,为临床决策提供支持。除此之外,该系统还能够通过不确定性评估与分析解释为决策提供额外的背景信息和临床决策的有效建议,提升所有医护人员间的诊断一致性。然而,由于AI在数据学习的过程中需要大量高质量的训练数据,因此在罕见病的诊断中仍然存在一定的不确定性[39]。Elvas等[40]利用医院核心数据库并运用探索性数据分析技术构建急性心肌缺血的临床决策模式,该模式能够对13 min窗口期内的心肌梗死进行精准预测,结果显示其准确率可达到86%,为医疗的及时干预和病人的预后带来了巨大的希望。虽然通过自动优先处理临床相关性数据,删除无关细节,能够确保医护人员快速获得决策所需要的关键信息,但存在无法精确分类和排序等问题[41]。因此,未来AI开发研究需要将病人病情的严重程度和临床情景相融合,排列优先序列,从而为临床提供个性化的决策支持。
急诊重症病人在入院后将会接受常规的生命体征采集和各项辅助检查判定疾病的危重程度,在这期间将会产生大量的数据,基于AI的数据处理技术将会利用大量数据作为临床决策的依据预测病情变化。基于AI的CDSS为临床的病情预测提供新的方向。对于初诊病人,生命体征异常是判断病情危急程度的重要依据。因此,将AI方法用于床旁监测数据有助于提升对失代偿的预测精度。Sundrani等[42]基于急诊科病人在最初15 min内监测到的心电图和脉搏波形等生理数据提出了Vital ML的多模态机器学习框架,利用深度学习方法和工程特征分析方法学习病人的生理状态,可预测90 min内出现心动过速、低血压或缺氧的风险。Sutton等[43]基于开源的Apache Spark平台构建了数据处理系统,实时采集病人的生理数据,实现在线的特征提取和机器学习,能够将心电图记录的数据进行在线分类,预测发作前至少45 min出现的心房颤动事件。Lee等[44]开展了一项回顾性研究,基于急诊病历数据开发基于AI的深度学习模型,能够通过12导联心电图辅助医疗系统早期识别病人发生气胸的风险。心电图作为风险分层的首要步骤,是识别高危病人的重要措施,但除了具有明显心脏疾病表现外,潜在风险病人是否需要立即进行心电图检查的决策主要由医生主导,因此正确决策在急诊科中尤为重要。Tsai等[45]运用机器学习开发并验证了一种心电图推荐系统的临床决策支持工具,具有提示检查和启动分析等功能,能够在急诊分诊初期识别病人心电图监测的需求并协助诊断,有助于优化决策流程,减少诊疗的延误。
急诊科具有时间紧迫性、病种多样性和救治综合性等特征,其救治的结果是医疗人员密切关注的问题。通过AI技术记录病人的数据信息并构建CDSS能够有助于早期判断病人的死亡风险和识别威胁生命的因素,从而改善救治的效果。
急重症病人是急诊接待的重点,而病人的死亡率是衡量医院抢救水平的重要指标。早期判断死亡风险有助于降低总体的死亡率,合理分配医疗资源并进一步提高救治率。急诊科常用的早期预警监测工具,如国际早期预警评分(National Early Warning Score,NEWS)能够实现快速的疾病风险分层,但其准确性和普适性受限于固定的评分规则且仅纳入少量关键变量[46]。Chang等[47]开发了基于Transformer模型的早期预警评分系统(Transformer Model-Based Early Warning Score,TEWS),该决策辅助系统具有较强的数据处理和临床信息的实时捕捉能力,不仅能预测治疗需求(如呼吸支持与血管升压素使用),也可预判病人状态[如心脏骤停、重症监护室(ICU)收治及脓毒性休克],这意味着TEWS不仅能预测病情发展,更能预判所需治疗措施,最终通过精准信息提升病人预后效果,为临床的辅助决策提供帮助。创伤性颅脑损伤仍然是公共的卫生挑战。在一项回顾性观察研究中,Tu等[48]基于运用了6种机器学习算法开发了创伤性颅脑损伤病人早期死亡风险预测系统,总结了12种特征变量,使该系统即使在缺乏影像学检查或者实验室数据的情况下仍然具有较高的准确性,其AUC为0.925。Zhang等[49]将AI的机器学习方法与医院信息系统相结合开发了急诊科胸痛病人发生不良心脏事件的预测系统,用于预测病人在1个月内发生急性心肌梗死及1个月内发生的全因死亡的风险。
急诊病人病情复杂,对诊疗水平和救治环境有较高的要求,而停留时间延长容易增加不良事件的发生风险,早期识别病人的转运需求有助于增加医疗的救治率,保障病人的安全[50]。Choi等[51]设计了一种结合自然语言处理技术和深度学习技术的新型算法,通过电子健康数据进行训练和测试构建CDSS,该系统能够反映病人临床数据获取序列时间线。预测系统的数据来源于病人入院后采集的生命体征信息、实验室和放射科检查,为了弥补部分病人的数据缺失情况,该研究还应用了统一多模态集合嵌入的架构填补数据信息,12 h内预测ICU的收治情况的AUC为0.905,可用于临床恶化的早期识别。Nguyen等[52]利用电子健康数据记录,建立急诊病人24 h内转入ICU的预测模型,可预测急诊病人中5 568例(占队列的13.4%)病人转入ICU的情况,有助于及时决策,提高医疗的质量和效率。Hsu等[53]基于医院信息系统构建了急诊科高血糖危象病人的AI预测模型,该模型对ICU收治预测的AUC为0.743。ICU收治的预测准确度较低,可反映不同医疗环境中ICU收治决策的复杂性。除了病情严重程度以外,急诊科拥挤和ICU的容量不足也是影响收治结局的重要因素之一[54-55],因此在后期建立CDSS时需要综合分析因素。
多元参与者是CDSS的典型特征,由开发者、责任商、医疗机构、医务人员和病人等多元成分构成,在提升医疗决策质量的同时模糊了责任边界[56],难以保障病人的权益。当CDSS被应用到临床环境,参与范围越来越广,参与能力越来越强,使得医护人员在医疗服务领域的作用逐渐削弱,医疗行为和地位也将下降。当CDSS参与到临床决策的责任主体范围中,责任方的相互推诿、责任分工不明确,将对病人的健康、权利以及法律的责任明晰产生威胁[57]。国家卫生健康委员会办公厅发布的《关于印发卫生健康行业人工智能应用场景参考指引的通知》[58]明确规定了卫生健康行业人工智能应用场景和地位:医疗环境中的辅助诊断和临床决策支持。因此,基于AI的CDSS得出的结论只能作为临床诊断的参考,而不能作为临床结论,医务人员掌握决策最终的选择权。
CDSS源于AI与神经网络算法对于输入数据的计算,尽管这个过程在临床中具有较大的应用潜力,但由于在数据处理过程中的“黑匣子”现象无法呈现数据分析的过程,而成为应用推广的障碍[59]。当知识库的来源缺乏权威的途径,决策过程难以得到考证,导致医护人员对于决策结果的科学性和质量存疑,从而降低CDSS的使用和推广。若医护人员在不了解决策系统基本运作分析过程的情况下,仍然对基于AI的CDSS产生充分的信任,在医疗决策中完全依赖于决策结果而缺乏批判性思维,忽略了病人的实际情况,则可能会导致决策错误,增加病人的安全隐患,影响CDSS的应用效果。另外,目前基于AI的CDSS在数据处理的过程中存在一定的问题,虽然基于AI在急诊应用能缩短人工输入病人信息的时间,但记录完成率偏低,且内容不完整;在分诊中,严重性的过度判断的比率和不足的比率与实际存在差异,使病人暴露于风险中[60]。
随着AI在医疗服务中扮演着越来越重要的角色,涉及的伦理问题受到越来越多的关注,积极应对伦理与法律的影响对于保障病人的安全、提升医疗的透明度至关重要。基于AI的CDSS引发了涉及数据隐私、算法偏见、透明度、责任追溯和知情同意等多项复杂的伦理困境。面对多项的理论挑战,保护病人的隐私是首要的考量标准,医疗数据具有高敏感性,因此需要CDSS在设计和开发的过程中确保病人的隐私不泄露,遵守隐私保护的法律法规,然而数据训练是形成CDSS的基础条件,可能在推理的过程中无意间记忆、再现和泄露包含病人个人隐私数据和健康信息,从而对数据安全产生威胁[61]。CDSS在处理数据过程中的“黑匣子”特性,使其内部的运算逻辑和过程难以被充分理解及审查。因此,给监管部门颁布相关的法规和按照规定实行有效的督查工作带来困难[62]。此外,虽然CDSS目前可以参与到部分的医疗环节中,但由于参与医疗的责任范围难以界定,因此难以从法律、道德层面对其进行约束。
解决CDSS中存在的责任问题需要遵循几个原则[63]。1)以人为本的原则:以人为本的设计与评估是将AI技术成功融入CDSS的关键。通过优先考虑用户需求、整合临床医务人员使用反馈、通过可用性、信任度及工作流程的考量,开发符合伦理和法律规定的临床决策支持系统,确保人类的利益和尊严不受侵犯。2)共存共生的原则:用集体的力量解决问题,通过由政府进行宏观调控和颁布政策,医院推动技术创新和安全合规,促进公共利益的实现。国家政策应当对基于AI的CDSS应用内容和形式进行进一步的规范,明确划分决策各个过程的责任归属,强调医务人员在医疗决策中的重要地位。针对践行应用管理规范中的各项要求[64],医疗机构应当设立专门的部门和人员对CDSS进行规范和管理,健全医院管理的相关制度和规程,明确CDSS的使用范围、流程、规则编写和应用反馈等,并且将伦理原则与法律规范融入CDSS的研发和应用的整个过程。
将智能化的临床辅助决策应用于急诊,需要与医疗系统、医疗设备以及使用者进行良好的协同工作,确保系统实施的可靠性。目前,国外已颁布了一套针对AI在决策支持中应用的阶段性报告指南DECIDE-AI[65],该指南能够规范决策支持系统的设计和应用。医疗机构应当加强对急诊医护人员的培训,内容涵盖基于AI的CDSS运作原理、工作流程和使用方法,加强对基于AI的CDSS应用的信任度和使用度,同时使医护人员认识到该工具存在的局限性,避免产生过度依赖,医护人员应当结合AI意见和自身的经验和专业知识进行最终的决策。通过不断提高信息化技术和急诊设备的数字化升级,提高急诊医疗决策辅助的精确性,推动智慧医疗的发展,创新在临床中的应用。
伦理风险控制在医疗环境下需要多维度、全流程的综合保护。隐私保护应当对应数据安全管理,贯穿数据产生、收集、存储、处理、传输和共享等各个环节,必须认真解决病人隐私和数据安全的潜在伦理问题[62]。未来医疗健康领域的AI系统开发需要采取透明化策略,建立可解释框架,为不同群体提供相应的说明:为病人的决策提供通俗易懂的解释,得到信任并协助治疗方案的落实;为临床医务人员提供决策方案的推理过程,便于评估和进行决策;为监管部门提供可视化的整体操作流程,方便合规性的审查。通过这种模式增加三方的信任并符合伦理要求,从而促进人机协作模式的进一步发展,最终提高医疗服务的质量。
基于AI的CDSS能够为急诊的疾病诊断和风险预测提供新的模式,相对于传统的医疗决策模式具有优势性。然而,该模式在我国急诊的应用尚处于初步探索阶段,仍然存在一定的不足。未来可开展多学科的合作,使该模式能够更好地服务于临床,提升其实用性,促使基于AI的CSS的实用性更好,实现智能化技术的推广。

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2026年第40卷第17期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.027
  • 接收时间:2025-11-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-26
  • 修回日期:2026-07-14
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    1上海中医药大学附属光华医院,上海 200052
    2上海中医药大学护理学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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