首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1322924439163253728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1764000000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-25, revisedDate=1784044800000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339365044, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339365044, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339365044, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339365044, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924415817757501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='17', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339359478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343089343, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3115, endPage=3120, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924439398134753, articleId=1322924439163253728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Transition mechanism of student nurses from legitimate peripheral participation to full participation: a grounded theory study, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the mechanism underlying the transition of nursing undergraduate interns from "peripheral participation" to "full participation" and to construct a theoretical model.

Methods

Using procedural grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 student nurses. Nvivo 15.0 software was used for three-level coding of data from the first 13 participants,followed by a theoretical saturation test performed by two researchers.

Results

Open coding yielded 101 initial concepts and 21 categories.Axial coding synthesized 7 main categories,covering initial peripheral participation status,multidimensional characteristics of full participation,transitional value,spatiotemporal context,driving factors,inhibiting factors,and individual coping strategies.Selective coding identified the core category as "self-construction of professional identity".

Conclusions

The proposed transition mechanism model indicates that student nurses' participation transition occurs within a community of practice and represents a dynamic,non-linear,and multi-factor interactive socialization process.Clinical educators should build supportive environments,create success experiences through structural empowerment and graded task design,and systematically guide structured reflection,so as to facilitate interns' subjective construction and professional socialization.

, authors=Gaoshang ZHANG, Zhen LI, Yilin ZHANG, Landi FEI, Shujuan ZHAO, authorsList=Gaoshang ZHANG, Zhen LI, Yilin ZHANG, Landi FEI, Shujuan ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shujuan ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924440174080998, articleId=1322924439163253728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=实习护士从合法性边缘参与到充分参与的转变机制：一项扎根理论研究, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究护理本科实习生从“边缘性参与”向“充分参与”转变的机制，并构建理论模型。

方法

采用程序化扎根理论，对15名实习护士进行半结构化访谈，使用NVivo 15.0软件对前13名进行三级编码，后续2名进行理论饱和度检验。

结果

经开放式编码提炼出 101 个初始概念、归纳形成 21 个范畴；通过主轴编码整合梳理出7个主范畴，涵盖实习初始边缘性参与状态、充分参与的实现特征、转变的结果与价值、时间与情境脉络、驱动因素、阻滞因素与个体应对策略；选择性编码确定核心范畴为“专业身份的自我建构”。

结论

构建的实习护士参与转变机制模型表明，实习护士的参与转变是在实践共同体中发生的，是多因素交互作用的动态非线性社会化过程。临床教育者应构建支持性环境，经结构性授权、阶梯式任务设计创造成功体验，并系统引导结构化反思，以促进实习生的主体性建构与职业社会化。

, authors=张高尚, 李真, 张依琳, 费兰迪, 赵树娟*, *, authorsList=张高尚, 李真, 张依琳, 费兰迪, 赵树娟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵树娟, authorNote=

张高尚，本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵树娟，E-mail：
ZHAO Shujuan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表本刊编委会的观点。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HmQE73h5mUFfbTCkXrDBrg==, magXml=LHcGjoKUst0jGcutxwg94w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ehfeklNREvWpdWn3wWf3ug==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=3Lu/O3cWNY4SX1H4BQINmA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322924442065712107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442141209581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442065712107, language=EN, stringName=Gaoshang ZHANG, firstName=Gaoshang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442216707054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442065712107, language=CN, stringName=张高尚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio={"content":"

张高尚，本科

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张高尚，本科

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442304787440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442367702002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442304787440, language=EN, stringName=Zhen LI, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442447393779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442304787440, language=CN, stringName=李真, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442514502645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442585805815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442514502645, language=EN, stringName=Yilin ZHANG, firstName=Yilin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442673886200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442514502645, language=CN, stringName=张依琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442740995066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442833269756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442740995066, language=EN, stringName=Landi FEI, firstName=Landi, middleName=null, lastName=FEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442900378621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442740995066, language=CN, stringName=费兰迪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442992653311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhaosj@ccmu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924443076538368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442992653311, language=EN, stringName=Shujuan ZHAO, firstName=Shujuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924443139452929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442992653311, language=CN, stringName=赵树娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, *, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322924443248504834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=student nurses), Keyword(id=1322924443311419395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=theoretical model), Keyword(id=1322924443382722564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=peripheral participation), Keyword(id=1322924443470802949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=full participation), Keyword(id=1322924443533717510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=transition), Keyword(id=1322924443592437767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=grounded theory), Keyword(id=1322924443663740936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, orderNo=7, keyword=qualitative research), Keyword(id=1322924443722461193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=实习护士), Keyword(id=1322924443785375754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=理论模型), Keyword(id=1322924443844096011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=边缘参与), Keyword(id=1322924443911204876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=充分参与), Keyword(id=1322924443982508045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=转变), Keyword(id=1322924444062199822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=扎根理论), Keyword(id=1322924444116725775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, orderNo=7, keyword=质性研究)], refs=[Reference(id=1322924446708805658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=8, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Charmi P, 荆素蓉, journalName=解析琼·莱夫/艾蒂纳·温格《情境学习：合法的边缘性参与》, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Charmi P,荆素蓉.解析琼·莱夫/艾蒂纳·温格《情境学习：合法的边缘性参与》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2019:8., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924446775914523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=64, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Zhao S, Liang Q L, Tao H, journalName=BMC Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao S,Liang Q L,Tao H,et al.Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes,professional identity and climate of caring:a cross-sectional study[J].BMC Nursing,2024,23(1):64., articleTitle=Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes,professional identity and climate of caring:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924446859800604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=682, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Tu H X, Liu J, Li F Z, journalName=BMC Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tu H X,Liu J,Li F Z,et al.The mediating effect of coping on perceived stress and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study conducted in a medical university in China[J].BMC Psychology,2024,12(1):682., articleTitle=The mediating effect of coping on perceived stress and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study conducted in a medical university in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924446926909469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=10, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Ding Z W, Weng H T, Yang L, journalName=Heliyon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ding Z W,Weng H T,Yang L,et al.Transition shock,future time perspective,professional self-concept,and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study[J].Heliyon,2024,10(5):e26207., articleTitle=Transition shock,future time perspective,professional self-concept,and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924446989824030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=null, pageStart=1374977, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Sun Y H, Li X D, Liu H R, journalName=Frontiers in Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Y H,Li X D,Liu H R,et al.PTSD prevalence and factors in intern nursing students after COVID-19 full liberalization in China:a cross-sectional study[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,12:1374977., articleTitle=PTSD prevalence and factors in intern nursing students after COVID-19 full liberalization in China:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447048544287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=null, pageStart=29, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Xia Y T, Guo Q Q, Chen Q R, journalName=Journal of Professional Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xia Y T,Guo Q Q,Chen Q R,et al.Pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity:a cross-sectional study[J].Journal of Professional Nursing,2023,45:29-34., articleTitle=Pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447124041760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=1, pageStart=200, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Zeng L H, Chen Q R, Fan S S, journalName=BMC Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zeng L H,Chen Q R,Fan S S,et al.Factors influencing the professional identity of nursing interns:a cross-sectional study[J].BMC Nursing,2022,21(1):200., articleTitle=Factors influencing the professional identity of nursing interns:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447233093665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=20, issue=1, pageStart=370, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Onieva-Zafra M D, Fernández-Muñoz J J, Fernández-Martínez E, journalName=BMC Medical Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Onieva-Zafra M D,Fernández-Muñoz J J,Fernández-Martínez E,et al.Anxiety,perceived stress and coping strategies in nursing students:a cross-sectional,correlational,descriptive study[J].BMC Medical Education,2020,20(1):370., articleTitle=Anxiety,perceived stress and coping strategies in nursing students:a cross-sectional,correlational,descriptive study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447312785442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=22, pageStart=2380, pageEnd=2382,2385, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=席媛媛, 黄静云, 石勇, journalName=黑龙江医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=席媛媛,黄静云,石勇,等.角色模糊对本科护生实习初期职业认同的影响研究[J].黑龙江医学,2021,45(22):2380-2382,2385., articleTitle=角色模糊对本科护生实习初期职业认同的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447409254435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=29, pageStart=296, pageEnd=298, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=赵琼梅, 浦会荣, journalName=母婴世界, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵琼梅,浦会荣.护理本科实习生的心理特点及心理健康维护策略[J].母婴世界,2021(29):296-298., articleTitle=护理本科实习生的心理特点及心理健康维护策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447472168996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=10, issue=7, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zhu J Y, Xie X F, Pu L H, journalName=Heliyon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu J Y,Xie X F,Pu L H,et al.Relationships between professional identity,motivation,and innovative ability among nursing intern students:a cross-sectional study[J].Heliyon,2024,10(7):e28515., articleTitle=Relationships between professional identity,motivation,and innovative ability among nursing intern students:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447556055077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=23, issue=12, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=王芃菲, 李虹毓, 周璇, journalName=现代临床护理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王芃菲,李虹毓,周璇.护理实习生职业认同感潜在剖面分析及其影响因素[J].现代临床护理,2024,23(12):9-15., articleTitle=护理实习生职业认同感潜在剖面分析及其影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447635746854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=13, pageStart=2210, pageEnd=2217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Zhang G, Huang S J, Li S F, journalName=World Journal of Clinical Cases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang G,Huang S J,Li S F.Relationship between clinical belonging,professional identity,and nursing information ability among nursing interns:model construction[J].World Journal of Clinical Cases,2024,12(13):2210-2217., articleTitle=Relationship between clinical belonging,professional identity,and nursing information ability among nursing interns:model construction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447715438631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=12, pageStart=88, pageEnd=91, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=杨建婷, 祝学梅, 王雪, journalName=齐鲁护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨建婷,祝学梅,王雪,等.护理实习生职业认同感、职业应对自我效能与压力源的相关性分析[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2022,28(12):88-91., articleTitle=护理实习生职业认同感、职业应对自我效能与压力源的相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447803519016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=239, pageEnd=245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Contreras J A, Edwards-Maddox S, Hall A, journalName=Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Contreras J A,Edwards-Maddox S,Hall A,et al.Effects of reflective practice on baccalaureate nursing students' stress,anxiety and competency:an integrative review[J].Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing,2020,17(3):239-245., articleTitle=Effects of reflective practice on baccalaureate nursing students' stress,anxiety and competency:an integrative review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447879016489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Schön D, journalName=A, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schön D.A.Educating the reflective practitioner:toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions[M].San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers,1987:1., articleTitle=Educating the reflective practitioner:toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924447954513962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=9, pageStart=1070, pageEnd=1076, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=罗倩, 明政, 王安素, journalName=中华护理教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗倩,明政,王安素,等.吉布斯反思循环在ICU护理本科实习生临床教学中的应用[J].中华护理教育,2023,20(9):1070-1076., articleTitle=吉布斯反思循环在ICU护理本科实习生临床教学中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924448021622827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=21, pageStart=164, pageEnd=167,171, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=林琼慧, journalName=高教学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林琼慧.从“合法的边缘性参与”看高校新手教师成长[J].高教学刊,2022,8(21):164-167,171., articleTitle=从“合法的边缘性参与”看高校新手教师成长, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924448080343084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=671, pageEnd=674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=张宁, 孙梦娜, 伏蓉, journalName=中国医学教育技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张宁,孙梦娜,伏蓉.本科护生职业认同感与医院关怀氛围感知的相关性研究[J].中国医学教育技术,2020,34(5):671-674., articleTitle=本科护生职业认同感与医院关怀氛围感知的相关性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924448151646253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=1458384, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Gong B X, Chen X, Wang N, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gong B X,Chen X,Wang N,et al.The relationship between psychological capital,stress,micro-learning environment,and professional identity in nursing interns:a structural equation modeling study[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2025,16:1458384., articleTitle=The relationship between psychological capital,stress,micro-learning environment,and professional identity in nursing interns:a structural equation modeling study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322924448222949422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=6, pageStart=479, pageEnd=482, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=唐婷婷, 王杰, 张小磊, journalName=护理管理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐婷婷,王杰,张小磊,等.本科实习护生人格的聚类分析及其对职业认同的影响研究[J].护理管理杂志,2024,24(6):479-482., articleTitle=本科实习护生人格的聚类分析及其对职业认同的影响研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322924444250943504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Word cloud of coding analysis from interviews with student nurses, figureFileSmall=HCDoaeAgK7QIG2/e8d4/HQ==, figureFileBig=ehfeklNREvWpdWn3wWf3ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924444318052369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, label=图1, caption=实习护士访谈编码分析词云图, figureFileSmall=HCDoaeAgK7QIG2/e8d4/HQ==, figureFileBig=ehfeklNREvWpdWn3wWf3ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924444473241618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Transition model of student nurse participation, figureFileSmall=VDvyEx5GK/78bCChU0svpQ==, figureFileBig=WxzbbMu0FxbDdeGVFEUmgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924444536156179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, label=图2, caption=实习护士参与转变模型, figureFileSmall=VDvyEx5GK/78bCChU0svpQ==, figureFileBig=WxzbbMu0FxbDdeGVFEUmgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322924444607459348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of interview participants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）生源地毕业后去向
N1女22贵州临床护士
N2男22湖南临床护士
N3女23四川护理专业研究生
N4女22北京临床护士
N5女22北京临床护士
N6女22北京临床护士
N7女23天津护理专业研究生
N8女23山西护理专业研究生
N9女21安徽护理专业研究生
N10女21山西护理专业研究生
N11女22北京临床护士
N12女22新疆暂缓就业
N13女22四川其他专业研究生
), ArticleFig(id=1322924446218072085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

访谈对象基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）生源地毕业后去向
N1女22贵州临床护士
N2男22湖南临床护士
N3女23四川护理专业研究生
N4女22北京临床护士
N5女22北京临床护士
N6女22北京临床护士
N7女23天津护理专业研究生
N8女23山西护理专业研究生
N9女21安徽护理专业研究生
N10女21山西护理专业研究生
N11女22北京临床护士
N12女22新疆暂缓就业
N13女22四川其他专业研究生
), ArticleFig(id=1322924446343901206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Open coding results: categories, connotations, and concepts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号范畴内涵概念
1高焦虑实习护士初入临床时从焦虑恐惧到期待兴奋的情绪体验与调适过程心态紧张、焦虑、怕添麻烦、人际交往尴尬、无所事事却身体疲惫、多重压力源
2角色模糊实习护士对自我从“编外”观察者到主动参与者的角色理解与定位变化角色模糊、自我认同为“编外人员”、完全边缘化、自我认同为“障碍物”
3被动执行实习护士行为从初期被动执行到后期主动寻求参与的行动方式演变初入临床的懵懂状态、机械执行缺乏判断、初期被动跟随的学习模式
4技能独立实习护士实现充分参与后表现出的技能独立与临床判断力提升独立承担大部分操作、执行核心操作与独立判断、自主解决问题、操作成功率高、敢于操作、以病人为中心
5心理自信实习护士实现充分参与后内在的自信建立与责任感增强沟通自信、淡定从容、内心踏实
6角色认同实习护士实现充分参与后与团队、病人建立的信任与融洽关系，实现从边缘助手向获得授权的“准护士”的身份转变完全融入科室、师生关系融洽、作息同步、获得独立授权与信任
7个人成长转变带给实习护士个人在能力、性格与自我认同方面的成长价值判断能力增强、训练沟通与共情能力、更勤快、性格更柔和、沟通更直接、对生命更敬畏
8专业认知转变带给实习护士在职业认同与理论联系实际方面的专业价值提升自信与职业认同、认识到护理的专业性与不可替代性、理论与实践关系的认知
9职业方向锚定转变为实习护士未来职业选择与发展所奠定的长远基础为未来职业生涯奠基、工作科室锚定、明确热爱
10时间脉络实习护士参与程度随实习进程从适应、转折到成熟的阶段性演变充分参与的时间节点（约半年后、3~4个月、实习末期）、第1个月定位为适应期、第1个科室的缓冲与迷茫
11情境脉络不同科室氛围、工作量等情境因素对参与过程的动态影响关键过渡科室、信心跨科室迁移、科室性质、病人特征、高参与度科室特征：病人少老师主动/病人依赖性强/同步工作；低参与度科室特征：带教缺席、放养
12个人因素驱动实习护士转变的内在动力，如成功体验、自信建立与积极态度第1次操作成功、成功体验建立自信、任务完成带来的自我效能感、实习生自身的积极态度、自我态度与定位、技能熟练度提升参与机会、同伴学习、实习前标准化操作培训
13环境支持促进实习护士转变的外部氛围，如带教支持、团队文化与同伴学习科室轻松愉快的氛围、科室忙碌工作量大（被迫承担）、教学制度支持、价值认可带来的巨大激励
14教学干预带教通过信任授权、正向反馈等教学行为对实习护士参与的积极引导带教老师积极给实践机会、信任与放手实践、详细的过程指导、正向激励
15病人信任病人及家属的认可与信任给予实习护士的心理支持与参与激励病人的鼓励和信任、病人家属的认可
16教学缺失因带教指责、指导缺位等教学负向体验对实习护士参与的阻碍带教老师的不信任、不教不做、指责排斥、形式化的教学安排、过重的工作强度、严厉指责导致紧张与犯错循环、
17内部障碍阻碍实习护士转变的内在因素，如技能生疏、焦虑情绪与消极态度操作不熟练、不足的个人知识储备、实习生紧张焦虑情绪、消极态度、缺乏主动性、技能生疏、道德顾虑
18外部限制阻碍实习护士转变的外在条件，如制度约束、工作负荷与病人质疑满意度调查与投诉文化、科室病情复杂度造成的畏缩、病人及家属的质疑与拒绝、医院制度的限制、同伴消极行为
19行为策略实习护士为争取参与采取的主动沟通、观察学习等具体行动方法操作失败后的应对策略、反思改进、获取病人及家属的信任策略、调整沟通方式、使用身份策略、主动表达参与意愿
20认知策略实习护士通过反思、心态调整等认知加工以应对挑战的思维过程心态的自我调节方式方法、信心重建、敢于尝试、主动反思、理解带教意图
21同伴学习实习期内同校或同科同伴间的共同学习策略及相互支持向非正式角色（如护工）学习、同伴间倾诉、同伴分享、同伴指导
), ArticleFig(id=1322924446423592983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

开放式编码结果：范畴、内涵与概念

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号范畴内涵概念
1高焦虑实习护士初入临床时从焦虑恐惧到期待兴奋的情绪体验与调适过程心态紧张、焦虑、怕添麻烦、人际交往尴尬、无所事事却身体疲惫、多重压力源
2角色模糊实习护士对自我从“编外”观察者到主动参与者的角色理解与定位变化角色模糊、自我认同为“编外人员”、完全边缘化、自我认同为“障碍物”
3被动执行实习护士行为从初期被动执行到后期主动寻求参与的行动方式演变初入临床的懵懂状态、机械执行缺乏判断、初期被动跟随的学习模式
4技能独立实习护士实现充分参与后表现出的技能独立与临床判断力提升独立承担大部分操作、执行核心操作与独立判断、自主解决问题、操作成功率高、敢于操作、以病人为中心
5心理自信实习护士实现充分参与后内在的自信建立与责任感增强沟通自信、淡定从容、内心踏实
6角色认同实习护士实现充分参与后与团队、病人建立的信任与融洽关系，实现从边缘助手向获得授权的“准护士”的身份转变完全融入科室、师生关系融洽、作息同步、获得独立授权与信任
7个人成长转变带给实习护士个人在能力、性格与自我认同方面的成长价值判断能力增强、训练沟通与共情能力、更勤快、性格更柔和、沟通更直接、对生命更敬畏
8专业认知转变带给实习护士在职业认同与理论联系实际方面的专业价值提升自信与职业认同、认识到护理的专业性与不可替代性、理论与实践关系的认知
9职业方向锚定转变为实习护士未来职业选择与发展所奠定的长远基础为未来职业生涯奠基、工作科室锚定、明确热爱
10时间脉络实习护士参与程度随实习进程从适应、转折到成熟的阶段性演变充分参与的时间节点（约半年后、3~4个月、实习末期）、第1个月定位为适应期、第1个科室的缓冲与迷茫
11情境脉络不同科室氛围、工作量等情境因素对参与过程的动态影响关键过渡科室、信心跨科室迁移、科室性质、病人特征、高参与度科室特征：病人少老师主动/病人依赖性强/同步工作；低参与度科室特征：带教缺席、放养
12个人因素驱动实习护士转变的内在动力，如成功体验、自信建立与积极态度第1次操作成功、成功体验建立自信、任务完成带来的自我效能感、实习生自身的积极态度、自我态度与定位、技能熟练度提升参与机会、同伴学习、实习前标准化操作培训
13环境支持促进实习护士转变的外部氛围，如带教支持、团队文化与同伴学习科室轻松愉快的氛围、科室忙碌工作量大（被迫承担）、教学制度支持、价值认可带来的巨大激励
14教学干预带教通过信任授权、正向反馈等教学行为对实习护士参与的积极引导带教老师积极给实践机会、信任与放手实践、详细的过程指导、正向激励
15病人信任病人及家属的认可与信任给予实习护士的心理支持与参与激励病人的鼓励和信任、病人家属的认可
16教学缺失因带教指责、指导缺位等教学负向体验对实习护士参与的阻碍带教老师的不信任、不教不做、指责排斥、形式化的教学安排、过重的工作强度、严厉指责导致紧张与犯错循环、
17内部障碍阻碍实习护士转变的内在因素，如技能生疏、焦虑情绪与消极态度操作不熟练、不足的个人知识储备、实习生紧张焦虑情绪、消极态度、缺乏主动性、技能生疏、道德顾虑
18外部限制阻碍实习护士转变的外在条件，如制度约束、工作负荷与病人质疑满意度调查与投诉文化、科室病情复杂度造成的畏缩、病人及家属的质疑与拒绝、医院制度的限制、同伴消极行为
19行为策略实习护士为争取参与采取的主动沟通、观察学习等具体行动方法操作失败后的应对策略、反思改进、获取病人及家属的信任策略、调整沟通方式、使用身份策略、主动表达参与意愿
20认知策略实习护士通过反思、心态调整等认知加工以应对挑战的思维过程心态的自我调节方式方法、信心重建、敢于尝试、主动反思、理解带教意图
21同伴学习实习期内同校或同科同伴间的共同学习策略及相互支持向非正式角色（如护工）学习、同伴间倾诉、同伴分享、同伴指导
), ArticleFig(id=1322924446486507544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Axial coding: main categories, subcategories, and original data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码主范畴范畴原始资料内容
C1初始边缘性参与状态高焦虑N4：紧张我觉得是主要的，然后还有点就是焦虑，因为不知道干什么，然后也怕干了之后给带教老师又造成更大的麻烦
角色模糊N9：我觉得自己就像障碍物一样，就是没有发挥到任何作用，然后还会被老师嫌弃这种
被动执行N2：在一开始的时候，我是比较懵的一个状态，老师叫你去做什么，你就去做什么
C2充分参与的实现特征技能独立N6：自己学习过，或者说老师教过的内容，我可以自己游刃有余地去解决这个问题
心理自信N7：这个科室给了我挺大的信心，我好像也能把这个事儿做好，我也不是说什么都不行
角色认同N5：有真的抢救的时候，我真的能参加到心肺复苏，我当时真的是按了两轮，然后我就觉得我真的能救1例病人。我真的就是白衣天使，这个身份他真的能在我身上可以很骄傲的感觉
C3转变的结果与价值个人成长N4：成长了，就更成熟了，就是你要为自己的一言一行负责，你的话是要谨慎出口的，你的行为也是要谨慎的
专业认知N1：我比较感谢这样的一个工作，感谢这个职业赋予了我一些价值，去能够真正地去做，从病人的角度去思考，有一定的共情。对这个职业一开始是不喜欢的，到后来慢慢地接受，我觉得还是挺喜欢的吧
职业方向锚定N1：我觉得在××科（每个实习护生不同）可能会明确我以后的一个工作的方向吧，我就特别特别想加入这个科室
C4时间与情境脉络时间脉络N1：有点儿像那个打游戏闯关，不断不断地提升自我的技能，刚好是半年这个阶段，然后我在×科（每个实习护生不同）就能够从我上班，我就知道我要做什么，我应该做什么
情境脉络N8：这个科室氛围是特别好的，我就感觉自己离这个科室很近，感觉自己就会更想投入这个工作中
C5驱动因素个人因素N3：你就首先你得积极，你愿意去做这件事情。还有如果你第1次操作你成功了，你整个人就是会有很大的成就感
环境支持N10：如果这个科室它整体的氛围比较轻松的话，我可能就更敢于去动手操作
教学干预N3：如果带教愿意给机会，她就是要让你去做这个事情，赶鸭子上架一样，那你就得去做，做的操作越来越多之后，你就积极地参与进去了
病人信任N11：病人和家属的这种理解，就是比较让我有信心可以去继续完成工作
C6阻滞因素教学缺失N9：他看到你不会做，他也不会教你，他就直接让别的实习生去做，然后就会让你去打扫卫生
内部障碍N13：我不敢自己去主动争取，我都不敢去尝试了，我怕没人给我解决
外部限制N2：如果这个科室的规章制度特别的严格，比如护士长的管理特别苛刻，这种氛围就决定了你做得越多，错得越多，错得越多，然后你也被骂，我的老师也被骂，然后大家都心里都不舒服，可能就不让你去做了
C7个体应对策略行为策略N1：一点一点地去观察提升，然后提高了操作率，慢慢地去发掘自己，提升自己
认知策略N3：成功的经验呢，就让我后面就是整个人都比较自信了
N1：反思很重要，遇到我不会或者没做好的事情，我就会偷偷地记，偷偷地学
同伴学习N2：我在经历1个科室之后，会对这个科室的工作情况进行总结，总结完之后还会给其他的实习同学分享一下，我告诉他，他告诉我，就是相当于互相学习吧
), ArticleFig(id=1322924446557810713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主轴编码：主范畴、范畴及原始资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编码主范畴范畴原始资料内容
C1初始边缘性参与状态高焦虑N4：紧张我觉得是主要的，然后还有点就是焦虑，因为不知道干什么，然后也怕干了之后给带教老师又造成更大的麻烦
角色模糊N9：我觉得自己就像障碍物一样，就是没有发挥到任何作用，然后还会被老师嫌弃这种
被动执行N2：在一开始的时候，我是比较懵的一个状态，老师叫你去做什么，你就去做什么
C2充分参与的实现特征技能独立N6：自己学习过，或者说老师教过的内容，我可以自己游刃有余地去解决这个问题
心理自信N7：这个科室给了我挺大的信心，我好像也能把这个事儿做好，我也不是说什么都不行
角色认同N5：有真的抢救的时候，我真的能参加到心肺复苏，我当时真的是按了两轮，然后我就觉得我真的能救1例病人。我真的就是白衣天使，这个身份他真的能在我身上可以很骄傲的感觉
C3转变的结果与价值个人成长N4：成长了，就更成熟了，就是你要为自己的一言一行负责，你的话是要谨慎出口的，你的行为也是要谨慎的
专业认知N1：我比较感谢这样的一个工作，感谢这个职业赋予了我一些价值，去能够真正地去做，从病人的角度去思考，有一定的共情。对这个职业一开始是不喜欢的，到后来慢慢地接受，我觉得还是挺喜欢的吧
职业方向锚定N1：我觉得在××科（每个实习护生不同）可能会明确我以后的一个工作的方向吧，我就特别特别想加入这个科室
C4时间与情境脉络时间脉络N1：有点儿像那个打游戏闯关，不断不断地提升自我的技能，刚好是半年这个阶段，然后我在×科（每个实习护生不同）就能够从我上班，我就知道我要做什么，我应该做什么
情境脉络N8：这个科室氛围是特别好的，我就感觉自己离这个科室很近，感觉自己就会更想投入这个工作中
C5驱动因素个人因素N3：你就首先你得积极，你愿意去做这件事情。还有如果你第1次操作你成功了，你整个人就是会有很大的成就感
环境支持N10：如果这个科室它整体的氛围比较轻松的话，我可能就更敢于去动手操作
教学干预N3：如果带教愿意给机会，她就是要让你去做这个事情，赶鸭子上架一样，那你就得去做，做的操作越来越多之后，你就积极地参与进去了
病人信任N11：病人和家属的这种理解，就是比较让我有信心可以去继续完成工作
C6阻滞因素教学缺失N9：他看到你不会做，他也不会教你，他就直接让别的实习生去做，然后就会让你去打扫卫生
内部障碍N13：我不敢自己去主动争取，我都不敢去尝试了，我怕没人给我解决
外部限制N2：如果这个科室的规章制度特别的严格，比如护士长的管理特别苛刻，这种氛围就决定了你做得越多，错得越多，错得越多，然后你也被骂，我的老师也被骂，然后大家都心里都不舒服，可能就不让你去做了
C7个体应对策略行为策略N1：一点一点地去观察提升，然后提高了操作率，慢慢地去发掘自己，提升自己
认知策略N3：成功的经验呢，就让我后面就是整个人都比较自信了
N1：反思很重要，遇到我不会或者没做好的事情，我就会偷偷地记，偷偷地学
同伴学习N2：我在经历1个科室之后，会对这个科室的工作情况进行总结，总结完之后还会给其他的实习同学分享一下，我告诉他，他告诉我，就是相当于互相学习吧
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1220037649855897604, delFlag=0, nameCn=护理研究, nameEn=Chinese Nursing Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1009-6493, eissn=null, cn=14-1272/R, coden=null, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Nursing Research, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1768809242933, updatedTime=1789628561524, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=H, firstLetterEn=H, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, picEn=vXneBBf6WfTz/ls4yy3nnA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1307360202571928186, language=CN, name=护理研究, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789628561871, updatedTime=1789628561871, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=1de4c13f-4807-4ea4-8d8a-5, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=321a724c-d51d-4f08-a85e-2, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=dadec7f2-d93c-4f73-8f97-e, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1307360202618065531, language=EN, name=Chinese Nursing Research, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1789628561882, updatedTime=1789628561882, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=1de4c13f-4807-4ea4-8d8a-5, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=321a724c-d51d-4f08-a85e-2, submissionReviewUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn/auth/realms/journal/protocol/openid-connect/auth?client_id=journal-sxyxqks-author&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fgj.sxyxqks.com%2Foauth%2Fcallback&response_type=code&scope=phone+openid+email+profile&state=dadec7f2-d93c-4f73-8f97-e, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1220038315760373764, websiteList=[Website(id=1220043903038837076, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1220038315760373764, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN, language=CN, createTime=1768810733804, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1768811130580, updateBy=18614031015, name=护理研究-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=护理研究, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1228001613021904925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1770707999711, updateTime=1770707999711, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613005127706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1770707999707, updateTime=1770707999707, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613038682144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999715, updateTime=1770707999715, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613000933401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/file/pic?fileId=pB29yYO+7WdTp0HLQ4KSzg==, createTime=1770707999706, updateTime=1770707999706, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613047070754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999717, updateTime=1770707999717, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613017710620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/file/pic, createTime=1770707999710, updateTime=1770707999710, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613042876449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1770707999716, updateTime=1770707999716, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613013516315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1770707999709, updateTime=1770707999709, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613026099230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1770707999712, updateTime=1770707999712, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1228001613034487839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903038837076, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1770707999714, updateTime=1770707999714, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1220043903097557352, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1220038315760373764, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN, language=EN, createTime=1768810733819, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1768811154181, updateBy=18614031015, name=护理研究-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Nursing Research, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1220045841042166147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1768811195860, updateTime=1768811195860, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841017000320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1768811195854, updateTime=1768811195854, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841063137670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195865, updateTime=1768811195865, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841008611711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/file/pic?fileId=pB29yYO+7WdTp0HLQ4KSzg==, createTime=1768811195852, updateTime=1768811195852, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841075720584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195868, updateTime=1768811195868, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841033777538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/file/pic, createTime=1768811195858, updateTime=1768811195858, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841071526279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1768811195867, updateTime=1768811195867, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841025388929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1768811195857, updateTime=1768811195857, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841046360452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1768811195861, updateTime=1768811195861, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1220045841054749061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1220043903097557352, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1768811195863, updateTime=1768811195863, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=护理研究, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.hlyjzz.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Nursing Research, journalPhotoCn=5ND/w5RQYz//x8ucn+e6Vw==, journalPhotoEn=vXneBBf6WfTz/ls4yy3nnA==, journalFirstLetter=H, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/PDF/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/EN/PDF/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1788969600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
实习护士从合法性边缘参与到充分参与的转变机制：一项扎根理论研究
收藏切换
张高尚 , 李真 , 张依琳 , 费兰迪 , 赵树娟 *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(17): 3115-3120
收起
收藏切换
护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (17) : 3115 -3120
实习护士从合法性边缘参与到充分参与的转变机制：一项扎根理论研究
全屏
[Author(id=1322924442065712107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442141209581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442065712107, language=EN, stringName=Gaoshang ZHANG, firstName=Gaoshang, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442216707054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442065712107, language=CN, stringName=张高尚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio={"content":"

张高尚，本科

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张高尚，本科

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442304787440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442367702002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442304787440, language=EN, stringName=Zhen LI, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442447393779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442304787440, language=CN, stringName=李真, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442514502645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442585805815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442514502645, language=EN, stringName=Yilin ZHANG, firstName=Yilin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442673886200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442514502645, language=CN, stringName=张依琳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442740995066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442833269756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442740995066, language=EN, stringName=Landi FEI, firstName=Landi, middleName=null, lastName=FEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924442900378621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442740995066, language=CN, stringName=费兰迪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])]), Author(id=1322924442992653311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhaosj@ccmu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322924443076538368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442992653311, language=EN, stringName=Shujuan ZHAO, firstName=Shujuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322924443139452929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, authorId=1322924442992653311, language=CN, stringName=赵树娟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, *, address=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322924441969243111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441977631720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322924441986020329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924439163253728, companyId=1322924441969243111, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069)])])]
张高尚, 李真, 张依琳, 费兰迪, 赵树娟*, *
作者信息
  • 1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069
通讯作者:
赵树娟，E-mail：
ZHAO Shujuan, E-mail:
作者简介:

张高尚，本科

Transition mechanism of student nurses from legitimate peripheral participation to full participation: a grounded theory study
Gaoshang ZHANG, Zhen LI, Yilin ZHANG, Landi FEI, Shujuan ZHAO
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069 China
出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起
目的

探究护理本科实习生从“边缘性参与”向“充分参与”转变的机制，并构建理论模型。

方法

采用程序化扎根理论，对15名实习护士进行半结构化访谈，使用NVivo 15.0软件对前13名进行三级编码，后续2名进行理论饱和度检验。

结果

经开放式编码提炼出 101 个初始概念、归纳形成 21 个范畴；通过主轴编码整合梳理出7个主范畴，涵盖实习初始边缘性参与状态、充分参与的实现特征、转变的结果与价值、时间与情境脉络、驱动因素、阻滞因素与个体应对策略；选择性编码确定核心范畴为“专业身份的自我建构”。

结论

构建的实习护士参与转变机制模型表明，实习护士的参与转变是在实践共同体中发生的，是多因素交互作用的动态非线性社会化过程。临床教育者应构建支持性环境，经结构性授权、阶梯式任务设计创造成功体验，并系统引导结构化反思，以促进实习生的主体性建构与职业社会化。

实习护士  /  理论模型  /  边缘参与  /  充分参与  /  转变  /  扎根理论  /  质性研究
Objective

To explore the mechanism underlying the transition of nursing undergraduate interns from "peripheral participation" to "full participation" and to construct a theoretical model.

Methods

Using procedural grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 student nurses. Nvivo 15.0 software was used for three-level coding of data from the first 13 participants,followed by a theoretical saturation test performed by two researchers.

Results

Open coding yielded 101 initial concepts and 21 categories.Axial coding synthesized 7 main categories,covering initial peripheral participation status,multidimensional characteristics of full participation,transitional value,spatiotemporal context,driving factors,inhibiting factors,and individual coping strategies.Selective coding identified the core category as "self-construction of professional identity".

Conclusions

The proposed transition mechanism model indicates that student nurses' participation transition occurs within a community of practice and represents a dynamic,non-linear,and multi-factor interactive socialization process.Clinical educators should build supportive environments,create success experiences through structural empowerment and graded task design,and systematically guide structured reflection,so as to facilitate interns' subjective construction and professional socialization.

student nurses  /  theoretical model  /  peripheral participation  /  full participation  /  transition  /  grounded theory  /  qualitative research
张高尚, 李真, 张依琳, 费兰迪, 赵树娟. 实习护士从合法性边缘参与到充分参与的转变机制：一项扎根理论研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3115 -3120 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024
Gaoshang ZHANG, Zhen LI, Yilin ZHANG, Landi FEI, Shujuan ZHAO. Transition mechanism of student nurses from legitimate peripheral participation to full participation: a grounded theory study[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3115 -3120 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024
正文
收起
临床实习是实习护士在医疗实践共同体中从外围走向核心的社会化过程。基于Lave和Wenger的“合法性边缘参与”理论[1]，实习初期，实习护士因环境陌生、技能不熟和角色模糊而处于边缘参与，易引发高焦虑、低职业认同和低自我效能感[2-4]，进而影响实习质量及职业稳定。现有研究多侧重横断面描述或因素分析[2,5-7]，缺乏从实习护士视角探讨从边缘到充分参与的动态过程与机制。扎根理论适用于探索此类过程性现象。本研究采用程序化扎根理论，探析转变路径，梳理驱动与阻滞因素及心理社会机制并构建理论模型，为临床护理教育提供干预思路与依据。
1　对象与方法
收起
1.1　研究对象
采用方便抽样法，于2025年7月选取首都医科大学护理学院已完成临床实习的2021级护理本科生为研究对象。纳入标准：实习结束1个月内且未进入工作岗位；经讲解后充分了解研究目的与访谈方式后自愿参加。排除标准：患有焦虑症、抑郁症等精神心理问题者；中断实习超过1个月者。本研究共访谈15名实习护士，前13名用于编码分析，后2名用于饱和度检验。前13名基本信息见表1。本研究已通过伦理委员会批准（批号：Z2025SY067）。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　制定访谈提纲
根据研究目标查阅相关文献，经课题组讨论后制定访谈提纲：1)您如何理解临床实习中的“边缘性参与”和“充分参与”？“充分参与”对您的学习重要吗？ 2)请结合完整实习经历，简述您是如何从“边缘性参与”过渡到“充分参与”的？3)实习生“充分参与”的促进因素和阻碍因素有哪些？4)您从何时开始发自内心感觉自己是一名护士？5)你最喜欢与最不喜欢的实习科室及带教老师分别有什么特征？
1.2.2　资料收集
访谈由1名具备质性研究经验的教师基于腾讯会议进行。访谈前微信沟通，说明研究目的、流程、伦理事项（知情同意、隐私保护、自愿参与等）并签署知情同意书。每次访谈使用独立会议，经同意后录屏录音，访谈持续45~75 min。访谈者保持中立，避免诱导，适时追问以获取更多信息。访谈后使用文本转换功能生成文稿，4名研究者对照视频逐字校对，最终形成195 463字记录。每次访谈后编码整理文稿，访谈至13人时信息趋于饱和，继续访谈2人进行理论饱和检验，无新概念出现即界定为信息饱和。
1.2.3　资料分析
将访谈文稿导入Nvivo 15.0软件，按程序化扎根理论方法进行开放性编码、主轴编码、选择性编码。每份文稿编码后由第二人审核，异议处经团队讨论决定。分析完成后，结果反馈受访者并征求意见。
2　结果
收起
2.1　实习护士访谈编码分析词云图（见图1）
2.2　开放性编码结果
经逐行编码、概念化、范畴化，形成初始概念264个，经课题组讨论最终提取101个概念、21个范畴，见表2。
2.3　主轴编码结果
将21个范畴整合凝练，得出7个主范畴：初始边缘性参与状态、充分参与的实现特征、转变的结果与价值、转变的时间与情境脉络、转变的驱动因素、转变的阻滞因素、转变过程中的关键策略，见表3。
2.4　选择性编码结果
基于扎根理论分析发现，实习护士走向充分参与需逐步提升参与程度，借助驱动因素（C5），克服阻滞因素（C6），并通过投入时间与努力、调整个人策略（C7）实现。随着在共同体中承担更广泛且高难度的临床责任，实习护士逐步形成“我就是1名护士”的身份感。因此，本研究确立“专业身份的自我建构”为核心范畴。
2.5　实习护士参与转变模型的建立
核心故事线：护理实习生的临床参与度转变以“专业身份的自我建构”为核心，在时间与情境脉络中，实习生作为能动主体，通过与带教老师、病人、同伴的互动，借助“成功体验-反思调节”机制，克服阻滞因素，并利用驱动因素，实现在行为、心理、角色上从边缘性参与到充分参与的动态非线性过程。据此，本研究构建“实习护士参与转变模型”，见图2。
3　讨论
收起
3.1　充分参与是实习护士在心理、角色、行为等多方面的提升
实习初期因环境陌生与技术生疏，实习护士常处于高焦虑状态，担心出错受批评[8]；面临角色模糊、缺乏自信与学习主动性的问题[9]，主要扮演“观察者、模仿者”，被带教老师及病人视为“学生”而非“护士”。因此，其工作多为简单、低风险的边缘性操作，如测量生命体征。随着经验与实操机会增加，实习护士逐步建立自信并获得带教老师信任[10]。当能主动独立完成护理流程、预见问题并规划措施时，即标志从边缘参与转向充分参与。研究指出，充分参与具有技能独立、心理自信与角色认同等多维联动特征[4,6,11-13]。这一成长过程加深其对护理专业的理解，促进职业认同，为职业发展奠定基础。因此，院校与临床教师应采用多维指标动态评估实习护士参与度，并探索促进该转变的支持策略。
3.2　专业身份的自我建构是实习护士参与转变的核心，受成功体验与反思调节的双引擎驱动
本研究构建的实习护士参与转变模型显示，从边缘到中心的参与转变，核心在于专业身份的建构。这需要实习护士投入时间与精力，行为上采取主动沟通、争取操作等策略，认知上加强反思、调整心态，并与同伴共同学习、相互支持。
从角色模糊到“我就是1名护士”的转变中，成功体验提供了最直接的自信心与自我效能感，是专业身份建构的基础。“第1次成功操作”作为关键催化剂，能带来最直接的情绪奖励与认知反馈，这种基于实践的成就感比单纯理论说教更有效[14]。此外，反思是身份转变的另一驱动引擎，指护生有目的回顾、分析临床经历并调整策略的过程[15]。自Schön[16]提出“反思型执业者”概念并对专业教育产生影响以来，反思在护理教学中越来越受重视。它帮助实习生对经验进行认知加工、意义建构与策略调整，促进心态成熟与临床智慧生成[17]。林琼慧[18]亦指出，“合法的边缘性参与”本身即是“做中学”与“反思中成长”的过程。因此，“成功体验-反思调节”构成了专业身份建构的双重引擎。临床教学不应局限于技能传授，而应有意识地激发成功体验，并建立结构化反思机制（如反思日记、小组讨论），以促进实践经验向专业身份认同转化。
3.3　转变的动态性与非线性：驱动与阻滞因素的博弈
实习护士的参与转变并非线性过程，例如在支持性科室建立起来的信心可能在指责较多的科室受挫，进而造成行为的退缩。本研究结果显示，参与程度的整体转变需3~6个月，经历适应期（1~2个月）、转折期（3~4个月）与成熟期（6个月至1年），且存在个体差异。教育者应注重全程性教学支持的提供。
参与程度的转变是驱动与阻滞因素博弈的动态过程。驱动因素包括个人因素、环境支持、教学干预、病人信任；阻滞因素包括教学缺失、内部障碍、外部限制。临床带教老师是关键的影响因素：1）科学带教与积极反馈显著给予实习生鼓励，促进其快速成长；而带教缺失或过度苛责严重阻碍其适应与进步；2）良好环境通过提升自我认同增强实习生的职业认同，促进其专业身份建构 [2,6,19]，严苛环境及病人家属质疑导致犯错畏缩，加剧边缘感；3）自我效能、希望、韧性、乐观等个人因素正向影响职业认同；消极态度、恐惧心理等内部障碍则负向影响[20]。唐婷婷等[21]研究显示，“困扰型”人格职业认同低于“弹性型”人格。因此，教育者应注重减少阻滞，营造高支持环境，降低指责文化，并根据个人特质实施个性化教学，推动实习护士的专业身份建构。
4　小结
收起
本研究基于程序化扎根理论的方法，构建了“实习护士参与转变模型”，揭示了实习护士的参与转变是一个在“实践共同体”中发生的、多因素交互作用的、动态非线性的社会化过程。临床教育应注重构建支持性环境，通过结构性授权、阶梯式任务设计创造成功体验，并系统引导结构化反思，以有效促进实习生的主体性建构与职业社会化进程。

文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
1
Charmi P,荆素蓉.解析琼·莱夫/艾蒂纳·温格《情境学习：合法的边缘性参与》[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2019:8.
2
Zhao S,Liang Q L,Tao H,et al.Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes,professional identity and climate of caring:a cross-sectional study[J].BMC Nursing,2024,23(1):64.
3
Tu H X,Liu J,Li F Z,et al.The mediating effect of coping on perceived stress and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study conducted in a medical university in China[J].BMC Psychology,2024,12(1):682.
4
Ding Z W,Weng H T,Yang L,et al.Transition shock,future time perspective,professional self-concept,and professional identity among nursing interns:a cross-sectional study[J].Heliyon,2024,10(5):e26207.
5
Sun Y H,Li X D,Liu H R,et al.PTSD prevalence and factors in intern nursing students after COVID-19 full liberalization in China:a cross-sectional study[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,12:1374977.
6
Xia Y T,Guo Q Q,Chen Q R,et al.Pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity:a cross-sectional study[J].Journal of Professional Nursing,2023,45:29-34.
7
Zeng L H,Chen Q R,Fan S S,et al.Factors influencing the professional identity of nursing interns:a cross-sectional study[J].BMC Nursing,2022,21(1):200.
8
Onieva-Zafra M D,Fernández-Muñoz J J,Fernández-Martínez E,et al.Anxiety,perceived stress and coping strategies in nursing students:a cross-sectional,correlational,descriptive study[J].BMC Medical Education,2020,20(1):370.
9
席媛媛,黄静云,石勇,等.角色模糊对本科护生实习初期职业认同的影响研究[J].黑龙江医学,2021,45(22):2380-2382,2385.
10
赵琼梅,浦会荣.护理本科实习生的心理特点及心理健康维护策略[J].母婴世界,2021(29):296-298.
11
Zhu J Y,Xie X F,Pu L H,et al.Relationships between professional identity,motivation,and innovative ability among nursing intern students:a cross-sectional study[J].Heliyon,2024,10(7):e28515.
12
王芃菲,李虹毓,周璇.护理实习生职业认同感潜在剖面分析及其影响因素[J].现代临床护理,2024,23(12):9-15.
13
Zhang G,Huang S J,Li S F.Relationship between clinical belonging,professional identity,and nursing information ability among nursing interns:model construction[J].World Journal of Clinical Cases,2024,12(13):2210-2217.
14
杨建婷,祝学梅,王雪,等.护理实习生职业认同感、职业应对自我效能与压力源的相关性分析[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2022,28(12):88-91.
15
Contreras J A,Edwards-Maddox S,Hall A,et al.Effects of reflective practice on baccalaureate nursing students' stress,anxiety and competency:an integrative review[J].Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing,2020,17(3):239-245.
16
Schön D.A.Educating the reflective practitioner:toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions[M].San Francisco:Jossey-Bass Publishers,1987:1.
17
罗倩,明政,王安素,等.吉布斯反思循环在ICU护理本科实习生临床教学中的应用[J].中华护理教育,2023,20(9):1070-1076.
18
林琼慧.从“合法的边缘性参与”看高校新手教师成长[J].高教学刊,2022,8(21):164-167,171.
19
张宁,孙梦娜,伏蓉.本科护生职业认同感与医院关怀氛围感知的相关性研究[J].中国医学教育技术,2020,34(5):671-674.
20
Gong B X,Chen X,Wang N,et al.The relationship between psychological capital,stress,micro-learning environment,and professional identity in nursing interns:a structural equation modeling study[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2025,16:1458384.
21
唐婷婷,王杰,张小磊,等.本科实习护生人格的聚类分析及其对职业认同的影响研究[J].护理管理杂志,2024,24(6):479-482.
2026年第40卷第17期
21
9
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024
  • 接收时间：2025-11-25
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-09-10
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2025-11-25
  • 修回日期：2026-07-15
基金
作者信息
    1首都医科大学护理学院，北京 100069

通讯作者:

赵树娟，E-mail：
ZHAO Shujuan, E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.024
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62662699（运营及技术支持）
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持