Article(id=1322630838534123687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1776700800000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-21, revisedDate=1786291200000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793269365199, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1790265600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793269365199, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793269365199, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793269365199, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322630794611380728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='18', pageStart='3153', pageEnd='3344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790265600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793269354727, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343080645, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3162, endPage=3167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322630838777393320, articleId=1322630838534123687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction and application of a dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory, columnId=1322630797144732498, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Chronic Disease Dietary Therapy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory,and to evaluate its application effects.

Methods

A total of 232 children with bronchial asthma admitted to the department of pediatrics of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as study subjects from March 2023 to March 2025.The children were divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method,116 cases each.The control group received family-centered home rehabilitation nursing,while the observation group received the dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory in addition to the interventions given to the control group.Biochemical indicators,growth and development indicators,pulmonary function indicators,quality of life,sleep quality,asthma attack frequency,and asthma control level were compared between the two groups.

Results

During the study period,4 cases dropped out from the control group and 2 cases dropped out from the observation group.Ultimately,112 children in the control group and 114 children in the observation group completed the full follow-up.After 12 months of intervention,the observation group showed higher levels of serum albumin,hemoglobin,serum iron,ferritin,25-hydroxyvitamin D,serum zinc,serum calcium,percentage of forced vital capacity to predicted value,percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity and quality of life scores compared with the control group.The height-for-age Z-score and weight-for-age Z-score in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group.The fractional exhaled nitric oxide level and sleep quality scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.The number of acute asthma attacks and the number of hospitalizations due to asthma in the observation group were fewer than those in the control group.The asthma control level in the observation group was better than that in the control group (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The application of the dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory in children with asthma could effectively improve the nutritional status of the children,promoted their growth and development,optimized their pulmonary function,reduced the frequency of acute asthma attacks,and enhanced both disease control and quality of life and sleep.

, authors=Xiyan ZHANG1, Yiwen ZHAO2, Ruifang ZHU3, Shifan HAN3, 4, 5, 6, authorsList=Xiyan ZHANG, Yiwen ZHAO, Ruifang ZHU, Shifan HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shifan HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322630839217795241, articleId=1322630838534123687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案构建及应用, columnId=1322630797320893268, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=慢病食疗专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案,并探讨其应用效果。

方法

选取山西医科大学第一医院儿科2023年3月—2025年3月接诊的232例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组116例。对照组给予以家庭为中心的居家康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预。比较两组生化指标、生长发育指标、肺功能指标、生活质量、睡眠质量、哮喘发作情况、哮喘控制水平。

结果

研究期间对照组脱落4例,观察组脱落2例,最终对照组112例患儿完成全程随访,观察组114例患儿完成全程随访。干预12个月后,观察组血红蛋白、血清铁、铁蛋白、25-羟维生素D、血清锌、血清钙、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、用力肺活量占预计值百分比、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、生活质量得分均高于对照组,年龄别身高Z评分、年龄别体重Z评分均较对照组明显改善,呼出气体一氧化氮水平、睡眠质量得分低于对照组,哮喘急性发作次数、因哮喘住院次数少于对照组,哮喘控制水平优于对照组(均P<0.05)。

结论

将基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案应用于哮喘患儿,可有效改善患儿营养状况,促进患儿生长发育,优化患儿肺功能,减少患儿哮喘急性发作次数,提升患儿疾病控制效果与生活、睡眠质量。

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张喜燕,副主任护师,本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩世范,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of baseline data between the two groups of children

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组别例数年龄(岁)性别(例)病程(年)体质指数(kg/m2)
男女
对照组1126.54±2.5378343.16±1.2417.01±1.93
观察组1146.47±2.4975393.21±1.3016.89±2.14
统计值t=0.210χ2=0.384t=-0.296t=0.442
P0.8340.5360.7680.659
), ArticleFig(id=1322630843634397406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组患儿基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数年龄(岁)性别(例)病程(年)体质指数(kg/m2)
男女
对照组1126.54±2.5378343.16±1.2417.01±1.93
观察组1146.47±2.4975393.21±1.3016.89±2.14
统计值t=0.210χ2=0.384t=-0.296t=0.442
P0.8340.5360.7680.659
), ArticleFig(id=1322630843714089183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of biochemical indicators before and after intervention between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数血清白蛋白(g/L)血红蛋白(g/L)血清铁(μmol/L)
干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11236.01±5.8238.44±5.95119.45±9.12121.52±8.2415.03±5.1715.82±5.63
观察组11437.14±6.4240.10±7.02120.13±9.26124.13±9.1014.64±3.8017.21±4.72
t值-1.386-1.919-0.556-2.2590.645-2.010
P0.1670.0560.5790.0250.5190.046
组别铁蛋白(μg/L)25-(OH)D(ng/mL)血清锌(μmol/L)血清钙(mmol/L)
干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组69.92±8.6971.86±7.3241.62±15.0342.95±13.2780.07±22.1282.40±19.702.38±0.312.37±0.27
观察组68.54±12.1375.20±9.3239.78±13.3446.80±12.1081.60±18.3587.24±16.532.29±0.292.44±0.25
t值0.984-2.9990.974-2.280-0.565-1.9992.254-2.023
P0.3260.0030.3310.0240.5720.0470.0250.044
), ArticleFig(id=1322630843806363872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组患儿干预前后生化指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数血清白蛋白(g/L)血红蛋白(g/L)血清铁(μmol/L)
干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11236.01±5.8238.44±5.95119.45±9.12121.52±8.2415.03±5.1715.82±5.63
观察组11437.14±6.4240.10±7.02120.13±9.26124.13±9.1014.64±3.8017.21±4.72
t值-1.386-1.919-0.556-2.2590.645-2.010
P0.1670.0560.5790.0250.5190.046
组别铁蛋白(μg/L)25-(OH)D(ng/mL)血清锌(μmol/L)血清钙(mmol/L)
干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组69.92±8.6971.86±7.3241.62±15.0342.95±13.2780.07±22.1282.40±19.702.38±0.312.37±0.27
观察组68.54±12.1375.20±9.3239.78±13.3446.80±12.1081.60±18.3587.24±16.532.29±0.292.44±0.25
t值0.984-2.9990.974-2.280-0.565-1.9992.254-2.023
P0.3260.0030.3310.0240.5720.0470.0250.044
), ArticleFig(id=1322630843873472737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of growth and development before and after intervention between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数年龄别身高Z评分
干预前干预3个月后干预6个月后干预9个月后干预12个月后
对照组112-1.50(-1.61,-1.37)-1.36(-1.47,-1.23)-1.40(-1.51,-1.27)-1.24(-1.35,-1.11)-1.18(-1.29,-1.05)
观察组114-1.38(-1.49,-1.25)-1.14(-1.25,-1.01)-0.92(-1.01,-0.78)-0.70(-0.79,-0.56)-0.34(-0.44,-0.21)
Z值0.8141.0241.8712.1032.712
P0.4200.3380.0680.0440.008
组别年龄别体重Z评分
干预前干预3个月后干预6个月后干预9个月后干预12个月后
对照组-1.26(-1.37,-1.14)-1.20(-1.31,-1.08)-1.13(-1.24,-1.01)-1.04(-1.15,-0.92)-0.94(-1.05,-0.82)
观察组-1.15(-1.26,-1.02)-0.96(-1.07,-0.83)-0.64(-0.74,-0.50)-0.48(-0.58,-0.34)-0.20(-0.30,-0.06)
Z值0.8931.7232.2352.3012.872
P0.3750.0880.0300.0270.005
), ArticleFig(id=1322630843944775906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组患儿干预前后生长发育情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数年龄别身高Z评分
干预前干预3个月后干预6个月后干预9个月后干预12个月后
对照组112-1.50(-1.61,-1.37)-1.36(-1.47,-1.23)-1.40(-1.51,-1.27)-1.24(-1.35,-1.11)-1.18(-1.29,-1.05)
观察组114-1.38(-1.49,-1.25)-1.14(-1.25,-1.01)-0.92(-1.01,-0.78)-0.70(-0.79,-0.56)-0.34(-0.44,-0.21)
Z值0.8141.0241.8712.1032.712
P0.4200.3380.0680.0440.008
组别年龄别体重Z评分
干预前干预3个月后干预6个月后干预9个月后干预12个月后
对照组-1.26(-1.37,-1.14)-1.20(-1.31,-1.08)-1.13(-1.24,-1.01)-1.04(-1.15,-0.92)-0.94(-1.05,-0.82)
观察组-1.15(-1.26,-1.02)-0.96(-1.07,-0.83)-0.64(-0.74,-0.50)-0.48(-0.58,-0.34)-0.20(-0.30,-0.06)
Z值0.8931.7232.2352.3012.872
P0.3750.0880.0300.0270.005
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844011884771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of pulmonary function indicators before and after intervention between the two groups

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组别例数FEV1%(%)FVC%(%)
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11291.87±8.1592.44±7.4091.03±5.8591.73±6.02
观察组11490.63±6.2093.85±5.3889.42±6.4493.60±6.35
t值1.286-1.6361.966-2.271
P0.2000.1030.0510.024
组别FEV1/FVC(%)FeNO(ppb)
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组83.32±4.9285.30±5.6236.42±13.0234.13±11.88
观察组84.79±4.2588.67±4.6037.10±11.3526.80±9.75
t值-2.405-4.928-0.4195.065
P0.017<0.0010.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844087382244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组患儿干预前后肺功能指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数FEV1%(%)FVC%(%)
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11291.87±8.1592.44±7.4091.03±5.8591.73±6.02
观察组11490.63±6.2093.85±5.3889.42±6.4493.60±6.35
t值1.286-1.6361.966-2.271
P0.2000.1030.0510.024
组别FEV1/FVC(%)FeNO(ppb)
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组83.32±4.9285.30±5.6236.42±13.0234.13±11.88
观察组84.79±4.2588.67±4.6037.10±11.3526.80±9.75
t值-2.405-4.928-0.4195.065
P0.017<0.0010.676<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844175462629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of quality of life and sleep before and after intervention between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数PedsQLTM评分CSHQ评分
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11252.76±8.1555.06±9.4349.24±12.1046.42±13.82
观察组11454.02±7.3061.78±11.2948.75±11.3839.87±7.92
t值-1.225-4.8600.3144.361
P0.222<0.0010.754<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844259348710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组患儿干预前后生活质量和睡眠质量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数PedsQLTM评分CSHQ评分
干预前干预后干预前干预后
对照组11252.76±8.1555.06±9.4349.24±12.1046.42±13.82
观察组11454.02±7.3061.78±11.2948.75±11.3839.87±7.92
t值-1.225-4.8600.3144.361
P0.222<0.0010.754<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844339040487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of asthma attack frequency between the two groups

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组别例数哮喘急性发作因哮喘住院
对照组1123.85±1.051.89±0.62
观察组1142.37±0.701.03±0.42
t值12.44512.187
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844414537960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

两组患儿哮喘发作情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数哮喘急性发作因哮喘住院
对照组1123.85±1.051.89±0.62
观察组1142.37±0.701.03±0.42
t值12.44512.187
P<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844490035433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of asthma control levels between the two groups

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组别例数良好控制部分控制或未控制
对照组11258(51.79)54(48.21)
观察组11476(66.67)38(33.33)
), ArticleFig(id=1322630844573921514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630838534123687, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

两组患儿哮喘控制水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数良好控制部分控制或未控制
对照组11258(51.79)54(48.21)
观察组11476(66.67)38(33.33)
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基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案构建及应用
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张喜燕 1 , 赵奕雯 2 , 朱瑞芳 3 , 韩世范 3, 4, 5, 6, *, *
护理研究 | 慢病食疗专题 2026,40(18): 3162-3167
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护理研究 |慢病食疗专题 2026 , 40 (18) : 3162 -3167
基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案构建及应用
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张喜燕1, 赵奕雯2, 朱瑞芳3, 韩世范3, 4, 5, 6, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学,山西 030001
  • 2山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
  • 3山西医科大学第一医院
  • 4山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
  • 5山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
  • 6山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地
通讯作者:
韩世范,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
作者简介:

张喜燕,副主任护师,本科

Construction and application of a dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory
Xiyan ZHANG1, Yiwen ZHAO2, Ruifang ZHU3, Shifan HAN3, 4, 5, 6
Affiliations
  • 1Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 China
  • 2Shanxi Medical Periodical Press Co.,Ltd
  • 3First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
  • 4Food Therapy Science and Technology Research Center, Shanxi Medical University
  • 5Shanxi Province Food Therapy and Agricultural Product Prescription Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance
  • 6Shanxi Province Platform Carrier and Training Base for Industry-Education Integration in Public Health
出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.002
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目的

构建基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案,并探讨其应用效果。

方法

选取山西医科大学第一医院儿科2023年3月—2025年3月接诊的232例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组116例。对照组给予以家庭为中心的居家康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预。比较两组生化指标、生长发育指标、肺功能指标、生活质量、睡眠质量、哮喘发作情况、哮喘控制水平。

结果

研究期间对照组脱落4例,观察组脱落2例,最终对照组112例患儿完成全程随访,观察组114例患儿完成全程随访。干预12个月后,观察组血红蛋白、血清铁、铁蛋白、25-羟维生素D、血清锌、血清钙、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、用力肺活量占预计值百分比、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比、生活质量得分均高于对照组,年龄别身高Z评分、年龄别体重Z评分均较对照组明显改善,呼出气体一氧化氮水平、睡眠质量得分低于对照组,哮喘急性发作次数、因哮喘住院次数少于对照组,哮喘控制水平优于对照组(均P<0.05)。

结论

将基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案应用于哮喘患儿,可有效改善患儿营养状况,促进患儿生长发育,优化患儿肺功能,减少患儿哮喘急性发作次数,提升患儿疾病控制效果与生活、睡眠质量。

家庭护士食疗理论  /  支气管哮喘  /  儿童  /  饮食干预  /  护理
Objective

To construct a dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory,and to evaluate its application effects.

Methods

A total of 232 children with bronchial asthma admitted to the department of pediatrics of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were selected as study subjects from March 2023 to March 2025.The children were divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table method,116 cases each.The control group received family-centered home rehabilitation nursing,while the observation group received the dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory in addition to the interventions given to the control group.Biochemical indicators,growth and development indicators,pulmonary function indicators,quality of life,sleep quality,asthma attack frequency,and asthma control level were compared between the two groups.

Results

During the study period,4 cases dropped out from the control group and 2 cases dropped out from the observation group.Ultimately,112 children in the control group and 114 children in the observation group completed the full follow-up.After 12 months of intervention,the observation group showed higher levels of serum albumin,hemoglobin,serum iron,ferritin,25-hydroxyvitamin D,serum zinc,serum calcium,percentage of forced vital capacity to predicted value,percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity and quality of life scores compared with the control group.The height-for-age Z-score and weight-for-age Z-score in the observation group were significantly improved compared with those in the control group.The fractional exhaled nitric oxide level and sleep quality scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group.The number of acute asthma attacks and the number of hospitalizations due to asthma in the observation group were fewer than those in the control group.The asthma control level in the observation group was better than that in the control group (all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The application of the dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory in children with asthma could effectively improve the nutritional status of the children,promoted their growth and development,optimized their pulmonary function,reduced the frequency of acute asthma attacks,and enhanced both disease control and quality of life and sleep.

family nurse dietary therapy theory  /  bronchial asthma  /  children  /  dietary intervention  /  nursing
张喜燕, 赵奕雯, 朱瑞芳, 韩世范. 基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案构建及应用. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3162 -3167 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.002
Xiyan ZHANG, Yiwen ZHAO, Ruifang ZHU, Shifan HAN. Construction and application of a dietary intervention program for childhood bronchial asthma based on the family nurse dietary therapy theory[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3162 -3167 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.002
支气管哮喘是常见的慢性气道炎症性疾病,核心病理为气道炎症浸润与组织重构,细胞学与基因组学证实其存在明显异质性,属于多内型、表型的综合征[1]。儿童哮喘是儿科最常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,以喘息、咳嗽、气促为典型表现[2]。流行病学调查结果显示,我国14岁以下儿童哮喘患病率为3.02%,部分地区高达7%,我国患儿哮喘未控制率接近20%[3],远高于日本(14.6%)[4]。哮喘控制不佳会引发哮喘反复急性发作,不仅严重影响患儿生活质量,还会加重家庭及社会医疗经济负担[5]。已有研究表明,食物在儿童哮喘发病及急性发作中发挥着重要作用。食物中非营养素作为核心食疗成分,可通过抗炎、抗氧化、调节免疫、肠道菌群调节等多种途径减轻气道慢性炎症与气道高反应性,其中多酚类、类黄酮、ω-3脂肪酸、维生素、益生菌、锌等营养物质可分别通过抑制炎症通路、减少促炎介质、修复呼吸道黏膜等方式发挥哮喘防控作用[6-9]。哮喘患儿常因缺氧、慢性炎症等存在维生素D、铁等营养素缺乏问题,进一步加重免疫低下与气道炎症,形成恶性循环[10-11]。饮食作为可调控环境因素,可通过营养调节、过敏原规避等方式改善患儿营养与免疫状态,减少哮喘发作、提升疾病控制效果[12]。家庭护士食疗理论融合多学科理论,以家庭为场景实施个体化饮食干预,强调医护-患儿-家庭协作,能弥补传统护理随访短板,在慢性疾病防治中应用效果显著[13]。目前国内外鲜有将家庭护士食疗理论应用于哮喘患儿的研究,本研究以此为切入点,构建针对性饮食管理方案,可为患儿的哮喘综合管理提供新范式,为个体化治疗提供临床指导,对提升患儿生活质量具有重要意义。
选取山西医科大学第一医院儿科2023年3月—2025年3月接诊的232例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象。纳入标准:1)符合中华医学会儿科分会呼吸学组等制定的儿童支气管哮喘诊断标准[14];2)年龄3~12岁;3)入组时处于慢性持续期或临床缓解期;4)监护人对本研究知情同意并签署知情同意书;5)能够配合完成12个月的干预和随访。排除标准:1)依从性差,难以完成长期随访;2)合并严重急慢性疾病或遗传性疾病;3)合并先天性气道畸形、先天性心脏病、先天性喉喘鸣、肺结核等疾病导致的喘息;4)监护人存在智力障碍或认知障碍,无法配合饮食干预和资料收集。采用随机数字表法将纳入的哮喘患儿分为对照组和观察组,每组116例。本研究经山西医科大学第一医院医学伦理委员会审批(审批号:KYXZ-2025-009)。
给予以家庭为中心的居家康复护理,干预周期为12个月。1)环境管理:指导家长保持室内通风、清洁,规避尘螨、花粉、宠物毛发等吸入性过敏原;2)用药管理:规范哮喘吸入药物使用方法,督促患儿遵医嘱规律用药;3)基础营养指导:提供均衡膳食建议,适量补充蛋白质、维生素D等基础营养素;4)运动干预:指导开展低强度有氧运动,规避剧烈运动,避免诱发病情;5)病情监测与随访:日常监测喘息、咳嗽等症状,定期门诊复诊,动态调整治疗方案。
在对照组基础上给予基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预,干预周期为12个月。遵循循证性、家庭中心性、动态适应性原则,构建营养评估-个体化饮食方案-健康宣教-分级随访闭环干预体系。1)组建干预小组:由护士长、儿科医师、专科护士、营养师及家庭护士组成干预小组,明确分工,统一培训,负责方案实施、健康宣教与全程随访管理。2)构建干预方案:以家庭护士食疗理论为核心,结合国内外指南、文献与专家论证结果,围绕儿童哮喘、营养特点与免疫调控需求,制订适配家庭场景且可动态调整的标准化饮食干预方案。3)营养评估和膳食摄入分析:入组1周内完成血清营养素检测、体格发育评估及膳食摄入调查等,全面评价营养水平与饮食结构,筛查营养失衡问题,为个体化干预提供依据。4)过敏原筛查和食物不耐受管理:统一开展食物特异性抗体检测,明确致敏食物及不耐受食物,建立食物分级管理原则,为饮食规避与膳食调配提供参考。5)非营养素强化饮食策略:推行彩虹膳食模式,搭配多色天然蔬果,足量摄入类黄酮、花青素、多酚等生物活性物质,发挥抗炎、抗氧化、调节气道免疫、降低气道高反应性的作用;结合病情分期动态调整膳食结构,强化急性期抗炎营养支持。6)制订饮食计划:根据过敏筛查结果实施致敏食物分级回避,采用等价食材替代方案;结合年龄、体重与活动量精准管控每日热量及三大营养素配比,保障生长发育需求。7)家庭支持与行为干预:家庭护士定期指导,开展食物分类识别、膳食制作技能培训,推行饮食日记记录;通过趣味膳食选择、正向奖励等行为干预方式提升患儿及家属饮食管理依从性与自我管理能力。8)监督随访:建立三级随访机制,定期监测营养生化指标、肺功能及生长发育指标等;常态化居家随访,急性发作期提供24 h专项饮食指导,每季度开展多学科综合评估,动态优化饮食方案。
1)生化指标:于干预前及干预12个月后抽取患儿静脉血,检测血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、铁、铁蛋白、25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]、钙、锌水平。2)生长发育指标:于干预前及干预后3、6、9、12个月测量患儿身高、体重,依据世界卫生组织(WHO)儿童生长标准计算患儿年龄别身高Z评分、年龄别体重Z评分,-2~2为正常,<-2~-3或>2~3为轻度偏离,<-3或>3为重度偏离。3)肺功能指标:于干预前、干预12个月后检测第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC%)、第1秒用力呼气容积占用力肺活量百分比(FEVl/FVC)、呼出气体一氧化氮(FeNO)水平。4)生活质量:于干预前及干预12个月后采用中文版儿童生存质量量表体系(PedsQL™)3.0哮喘模块评估,共4个维度,采用5级评分法评分,分数越高说明生存质量越好。量表各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.87~0.93,重测信度组内相关系数为0.92~0.99[15]。5)睡眠质量:于干预前及干预12个月后采用中文版儿童睡眠习惯问卷(CSHQ)评估,包括8个维度,共48个条目,满分99分,得分越高说明睡眠状况越差[16]。6)哮喘发作情况:统计干预期间哮喘急性发作次数及因哮喘住院次数,哮喘急性发作判断标准为患儿出现喘息、气促、胸闷或咳嗽加重,并导致以下任一情况,如每日需使用沙丁胺醇雾化≥3次、需门诊/急诊就医、需住院治疗。7)哮喘控制水平:干预12个月后参考《支气管哮喘防治指南(2020年版)》[17],根据近4周发生以下4项指标情况判断,即每周日间发作>2次、夜间憋醒、每周短效β2受体激动剂使用>2次、活动受限,未发生为良好控制,发生1项或2项为部分控制,发生≥3项为未控制。计算良好控制率。
采用SPSS 23.0软件分析数据,定性资料以频数、百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验;符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的定量资料以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
研究期间对照组脱落4例,观察组脱落2例,最终对照组112例患儿完成全程随访,观察组114例患儿完成全程随访。两组患儿基线资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。详见表1。
本研究结果显示,基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案可改善哮喘患儿营养状况、生长发育情况、肺功能,提高生活质量与睡眠质量,减少哮喘急性发作次数及因哮喘住院次数,提高哮喘控制水平,为哮喘患儿综合管理提供了新方法。本研究观察组在饮食干预中强化了非营养素摄入,这是干预效果提升的关键机制。非营养素(多酚、类黄酮、有机硫化物、姜黄素、植物甾醇等)可通过抑制气道炎症、减轻氧化应激、调节免疫应答、减少肥大细胞脱颗粒等途径降低气道高反应性,缓解气道慢性炎症,进而改善肺功能,减少哮喘急性发作。家庭护士食疗理论以“非营养素”为核心,强调通过科学膳食处方将其融入日常家庭饮食,其在本研究儿童哮喘管理中的适用性与有效性得以证实。与单纯营养素补充相比,非营养素更能从炎症-氧化应激-免疫紊乱这一哮喘核心病理通路发挥作用,体现食疗干预的独特优势。
本研究结果显示,观察组干预后血清铁、铁蛋白、血红蛋白等水平处于正常范围,且高于对照组(均P<0.05),观察组干预结束后患儿的年龄别身高Z评分和年龄别体重Z评分均较对照组明显改善(均P<0.05)。提示基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案有利于改善哮喘患儿营养状况与生长发育状况。本方案依据过敏原测试结果实施个体化优质蛋白替代与营养强化,在规避致敏风险的同时维持氮平衡,可有效逆转慢性消耗,促进生长发育[18]。相关研究表明,个体化营养干预可改善哮喘患儿营养状态,促进生长发育达标[19]。
本研究结果显示,基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案可有效改善哮喘患儿肺功能,观察组干预后FVC%和FeNO等均优于对照组(均P<0.05)。这可能是由于通过规避致敏食物可减少异常免疫反应,降低气道高反应与炎症水平;辅以非营养素、ω-3脂肪酸、维生素D及益生菌膳食调控,多途径抑制气道炎症、调节免疫、修复气道损伤,从而促进肺功能恢复。
本研究结果显示,观察组哮喘急性发作次数及因哮喘住院次数低于对照组,哮喘控制水平高于对照组(均P<0.05)。对已确诊哮喘患儿,严格规避致敏食物可减少IgE介导的速发型过敏反应及IgG介导的迟发型免疫复合物沉积,降低气道高反应性与炎症介质释放,减少急性发作[20]。相关研究表明,规范实施致敏食物回避策略可降低哮喘患儿急性发作频率与住院率[21]。同时,科学的饮食管理可改善患儿营养状况与气道炎症状况,增强机体抵抗力,减少感染诱发的哮喘。
本研究结果显示,观察组干预后生活质量与睡眠质量均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案可有效缓解气道炎症,改善肺功能;通过限制高组胺食物、增加富镁食材摄入[22],可松弛气道平滑肌,减少夜间哮喘发作;规避致敏食物、补充非营养素,可降低哮喘急性发作频率,提升患儿活动耐力[23]与社交能力,进而提高生活质量。
与地中海饮食等通用膳食模式相比,家庭护士食疗理论更贴合我国儿童家庭饮食习惯与烹饪场景,本土化适配性更高,更易被家长接受并长期坚持。家庭护士食疗理论以哮喘患儿个体化营养评估、致敏食物分级规避与非营养素强化为核心,针对性更强,更契合儿童哮喘“炎症-营养-免疫”的病理特点,干预效果更具临床优势,该方案突破了传统药物治疗仅关注症状控制的局限性,将非营养素调控置于干预核心位置,实施系统化营养管理。基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案以专业护士为主导、家庭为中心,通过饮食日记监测、多学科会诊将营养管理融入日常照护,有利于解决门诊“知信行脱节”问题,提高依从性。同时,方案结合儿童友好型可视化工具与正向激励机制,构建“护士-患儿-家庭”三位一体管理模式,从卫生经济学角度看,该方案通过减少哮喘急性发作与住院次数,有效降低了长期医疗负担。
基于家庭护士食疗理论的儿童支气管哮喘饮食干预方案在哮喘患儿中切实可行,配合基础治疗可以有效改善哮喘患儿的营养状态、促进生长发育,并有利于改善患儿肺功能、减少哮喘急性发作次数与因哮喘住院次数,提高哮喘控制水平及患儿生活和睡眠质量。非营养素的强化摄入在抗炎、抗氧化、调节免疫等方面发挥着重要作用,是饮食干预取得良好效果的关键机制之一。
(本论文的顺利完成,离不开各位老师、同学和家人的支持与帮助,在此致以诚挚谢意!)

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2026年第40卷第18期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.002
  • 接收时间:2026-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-21
  • 修回日期:2026-08-10
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    1山西医科大学,山西 030001
    2山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
    3山西医科大学第一医院
    4山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
    5山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
    6山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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