Article(id=1322169008539947743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168583854080893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752768000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-18, revisedDate=1774627200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159256348, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159256348, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159256348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159256348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168583854080893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='1241', pageEnd='1424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159155095, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159155095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1281, endPage=1288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322169010326721249, articleId=1322169008539947743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Potential categories and influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was adopted to select 225 breast cancer inpatients who underwent their first chemotherapy at a tertiary grade A hospital in a certain city from July to December 2024 as the survey subjects.General information questionnaires,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale,Sense of Coherence Scale,and Female Self-Advocacy in Cancer Survivorship were used to conduct the survey on 1st day before chemotherapy,7th day after the first chemotherapy,7th day after the second chemotherapy,7th day after the third chemotherapy,and 7th day after the fourth chemotherapy.Data analysis was performed using the latent class growth model.

Results

There were two potential categories in the symptom cluster trajectories of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,namely the high-level significant increase group(20.4%) and the low-level slow increase group(79.6%).Logistic regression analysis showed that occupation,place of residence,presence of comorbidities,self-advocacy ability,and sense of coherence were the influencing factors for the symptom cluster trajectory categories of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The symptom clusters of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy could be divided into two different trajectories.There is also group heterogeneity.Nursing staff should provide personalized support care for patients belonging to different trajectory categories.

, authors=Qianyao YANG, Rong GUO, Chengfang JIA, Ying LIU, Huiyan TANG, authorsList=Qianyao YANG, Rong GUO, Chengfang JIA, Ying LIU, Huiyan TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huiyan TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
TANG Huiyan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322169010897146596, articleId=1322169008539947743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨乳腺癌化疗病人症状群发展轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素。

方法

采取便利抽样法,选取2024年7月—12月某市1所三级甲等医院首次化疗的乳腺癌住院病人225例为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、记忆症状评估量表、心理一致感量表、女性癌症幸存者自我倡权量表,在病人接受化疗前1 d、第1次化疗后7 d、第2次化疗后7 d、第3次化疗后7 d及第4次化疗后7 d进行调查,应用潜类别增长模型进行数据分析。

结果

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹存在2个潜在类别,分别为高水平显著上升组(20.4%)和低水平缓慢上升组(79.6%)。Logistic回归分析显示,职业、家庭所在地、是否存在合并症、自我倡权能力及心理一致感是乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群分为2种变化轨迹且存在群体异质性,护理人员应对不同轨迹类别的病人实施个性化的支持护理。

, authors=杨茜尧, 郭榕, 贾成方, 刘莹, 唐惠艳*, *, *, authorsList=杨茜尧, 郭榕, 贾成方, 刘莹, 唐惠艳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=唐惠艳, authorNote=

杨茜尧,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
唐惠艳,E-mail:
TANG Huiyan, E-mail:
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chemotherapy, figureFileSmall=Wyr0SiJKT0519I8lPKMoXA==, figureFileBig=9W+lm3J8l9DVOPAkdYmjVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530834809209737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹潜在类别图, figureFileSmall=Wyr0SiJKT0519I8lPKMoXA==, figureFileBig=9W+lm3J8l9DVOPAkdYmjVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530834905678730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor loadings of symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at different time points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群化疗前第1次化疗后7 d第2次化疗后7 d第3次化疗后7 d第4次化疗后7 d
症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷
心理症状群紧张不安0.738紧张不安0.623紧张不安0.706紧张不安0.710紧张不安0.760
感到忧伤0.806感到忧伤0.762感到忧伤0.645感到忧伤0.754感到忧伤0.782
担忧0.656担忧0.708担忧0.770担忧0.668担忧0.736
食欲缺乏0.555睡眠不好0.628睡眠不好0.738睡眠不好0.496睡眠不好0.669
激素相关症状群口干0.848口干0.846口干0.699口干0.742口干0.760
冒汗0.849冒汗0.609冒汗0.713冒汗0.757冒汗0.768
急躁易怒0.525急躁易怒0.767急躁易怒0.789急躁易怒0.663急躁易怒0.746
自我形象紊乱症状群感到不像自己0.768感到不像自己0.852感到不像自己0.817感到不像自己0.726感到不像自己0.684
睡眠不好0.841脱发0.879脱发0.788脱发0.806脱发0.700
乏力0.753乏力0.429
皮肤改变0.671
胃肠道症状群恶心0.717恶心0.822恶心0.808恶心0.727
呕吐0.790呕吐0.747呕吐0.403呕吐0.809
食欲缺乏0.521食欲缺乏0.675食欲缺乏0.718食欲缺乏0.659
难以集中注意力0.527乏力0.631体重下降0.808
认知相关症状群昏昏欲睡0.809昏昏欲睡0.795昏昏欲睡0.619昏昏欲睡0.733
乏力0.648乏力0.702眩晕0.870眩晕0.747
难以集中注意力0.589难以集中注意力0.709难以集中注意力0.754
神经系统相关症状群手脚麻木0.711手脚麻木0.851手脚麻木0.820
眩晕0.782食物味道改变0.627食物味道改变0.785
), ArticleFig(id=1322530834989564811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人不同时间点症状的因子载荷

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状群化疗前第1次化疗后7 d第2次化疗后7 d第3次化疗后7 d第4次化疗后7 d
症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷症状组成因子载荷
心理症状群紧张不安0.738紧张不安0.623紧张不安0.706紧张不安0.710紧张不安0.760
感到忧伤0.806感到忧伤0.762感到忧伤0.645感到忧伤0.754感到忧伤0.782
担忧0.656担忧0.708担忧0.770担忧0.668担忧0.736
食欲缺乏0.555睡眠不好0.628睡眠不好0.738睡眠不好0.496睡眠不好0.669
激素相关症状群口干0.848口干0.846口干0.699口干0.742口干0.760
冒汗0.849冒汗0.609冒汗0.713冒汗0.757冒汗0.768
急躁易怒0.525急躁易怒0.767急躁易怒0.789急躁易怒0.663急躁易怒0.746
自我形象紊乱症状群感到不像自己0.768感到不像自己0.852感到不像自己0.817感到不像自己0.726感到不像自己0.684
睡眠不好0.841脱发0.879脱发0.788脱发0.806脱发0.700
乏力0.753乏力0.429
皮肤改变0.671
胃肠道症状群恶心0.717恶心0.822恶心0.808恶心0.727
呕吐0.790呕吐0.747呕吐0.403呕吐0.809
食欲缺乏0.521食欲缺乏0.675食欲缺乏0.718食欲缺乏0.659
难以集中注意力0.527乏力0.631体重下降0.808
认知相关症状群昏昏欲睡0.809昏昏欲睡0.795昏昏欲睡0.619昏昏欲睡0.733
乏力0.648乏力0.702眩晕0.870眩晕0.747
难以集中注意力0.589难以集中注意力0.709难以集中注意力0.754
神经系统相关症状群手脚麻木0.711手脚麻木0.851手脚麻木0.820
眩晕0.782食物味道改变0.627食物味道改变0.785
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835077645196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fitting of the LCGM of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy(n=225)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyLMRT(P)BLRT(P)类别概率
17 775.0387 798.9507 776.7661.000
27 211.9617 246.1227 214.4300.936<0.001<0.0010.204/0.796
36 982.3387 026.7476 985.5470.8720.002<0.0010.436/0.160/0.404
46 909.0956 963.7536 913.0450.8560.101<0.0010.422/0.209/0.213/0.156
56 848.1376 913.0436 852.8280.8900.013<0.0010.209/0.240/0.391/0.022/0.138
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835136365453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹潜在类别模型的拟合情况(n=225)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyLMRT(P)BLRT(P)类别概率
17 775.0387 798.9507 776.7661.000
27 211.9617 246.1227 214.4300.936<0.001<0.0010.204/0.796
36 982.3387 026.7476 985.5470.8720.002<0.0010.436/0.160/0.404
46 909.0956 963.7536 913.0450.8560.101<0.0010.422/0.209/0.213/0.156
56 848.1376 913.0436 852.8280.8900.013<0.0010.209/0.240/0.391/0.022/0.138
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835224445838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类高水平显著上升组(n=46)低水平缓慢上升组(n=179)统计值P
年龄(例)<40岁0180.053①
40~59岁2790
≥60岁1971
文化程度(例)小学及以下2236χ2=15.615<0.001
初中1466
高中及以上1077
婚姻状况(例)已婚44162χ2=0.6770.410
未婚/离婚/丧偶217
家庭所在地(例)城镇12111χ2=19.057<0.001
农村3468
家庭人均月收入(例)<3 000元3245χ2=32.270<0.001
3 000~4 999元10105
≥5 000元429
职业(例)事业单位或企业人员637χ2=11.0850.011
农民1830
自由职业者418
无业1894
主要照顾者(例)配偶1394χ2=11.7580.003
子女2757
其他628
免疫组化分型(例)激素受体阳性28106χ2=0.6750.713
HER-2阳性1048
三阴性825
TNM分期(例)Ⅰ期10400.683①
Ⅱ期24104
Ⅲ期1233
Ⅳ期02
是否存在合并症(例)否13119χ2=22.045<0.001
是3360
有无淋巴结转移(例)无2191χ2=0.3940.530
有2588
FSACS得分(分)56.00(52.00,59.00)67.00(59.00,75.00)Z=-7.174<0.001
SOC-13得分(分)50.00(42.75,58.25)61.00(53.00,66.00)Z=-6.387<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835291554703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类高水平显著上升组(n=46)低水平缓慢上升组(n=179)统计值P
年龄(例)<40岁0180.053①
40~59岁2790
≥60岁1971
文化程度(例)小学及以下2236χ2=15.615<0.001
初中1466
高中及以上1077
婚姻状况(例)已婚44162χ2=0.6770.410
未婚/离婚/丧偶217
家庭所在地(例)城镇12111χ2=19.057<0.001
农村3468
家庭人均月收入(例)<3 000元3245χ2=32.270<0.001
3 000~4 999元10105
≥5 000元429
职业(例)事业单位或企业人员637χ2=11.0850.011
农民1830
自由职业者418
无业1894
主要照顾者(例)配偶1394χ2=11.7580.003
子女2757
其他628
免疫组化分型(例)激素受体阳性28106χ2=0.6750.713
HER-2阳性1048
三阴性825
TNM分期(例)Ⅰ期10400.683①
Ⅱ期24104
Ⅲ期1233
Ⅳ期02
是否存在合并症(例)否13119χ2=22.045<0.001
是3360
有无淋巴结转移(例)无2191χ2=0.3940.530
有2588
FSACS得分(分)56.00(52.00,59.00)67.00(59.00,75.00)Z=-7.174<0.001
SOC-13得分(分)50.00(42.75,58.25)61.00(53.00,66.00)Z=-6.387<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835392218000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Assignment of independent variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
文化程度小学及以下(Z1=0,Z2=0),初中(Z1=1,Z2=0),高中及以上(Z1=0,Z2=1)
职业事业单位或企业人员(Z1=0,Z2=0,Z3=0),农民(Z1=1,Z2=0,Z3=0),自由职业者(Z1=0,Z2=1,Z3=0),无业(Z1=0,Z2=0,Z3=1)
家庭人均月收入<3 000元(Z1=0,Z2=0),3 000~4 999元(Z1=1,Z2=0),≥5 000元(Z1=0,Z2=1)
主要照顾者配偶(Z1=0,Z2=0),子女(Z1=1,Z2=0),其他(Z1=0,Z2=1)
家庭所在地城镇=0,农村=1
是否存在合并症否=0,是=1
SOC-13得分原值输入
FSACS得分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835476104081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

自变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
文化程度小学及以下(Z1=0,Z2=0),初中(Z1=1,Z2=0),高中及以上(Z1=0,Z2=1)
职业事业单位或企业人员(Z1=0,Z2=0,Z3=0),农民(Z1=1,Z2=0,Z3=0),自由职业者(Z1=0,Z2=1,Z3=0),无业(Z1=0,Z2=0,Z3=1)
家庭人均月收入<3 000元(Z1=0,Z2=0),3 000~4 999元(Z1=1,Z2=0),≥5 000元(Z1=0,Z2=1)
主要照顾者配偶(Z1=0,Z2=0),子女(Z1=1,Z2=0),其他(Z1=0,Z2=1)
家庭所在地城镇=0,农村=1
是否存在合并症否=0,是=1
SOC-13得分原值输入
FSACS得分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835576767379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of latent classes of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量17.2703.47624.689<0.001
文化程度小学及以下
初中0.2820.5940.2260.6351.326[0.414,4.244]
高中及以上1.6390.9253.1390.0765.148[0.840,31.542]
家庭所在地1.7740.6996.4470.0115.894[1.499,23.178]
职业事业单位或企业人员
农民-0.9011.0210.7790.3770.406[0.055,3.004]
自由职业者-0.7771.1340.4700.4930.460[0.050,4.242]
无业-2.0320.9015.0870.0240.131[0.022,0.766]
家庭人均月收入<3 000元
3 000~4 999元-0.7080.6711.1130.2910.493[0.132,1.835]
≥5 000元-0.1681.1050.0230.8790.845[0.097,7.377]
主要照顾者配偶
子女0.6880.6101.2720.2591.990[0.602,6.581]
其他-0.4050.7810.2690.6040.667[0.144,3.081]
存在合并症1.3800.6304.8000.0283.976[1.157,13.672]
SOC-13得分-0.1320.03712.898<0.0010.876[0.815,0.942]
FSACS得分-0.2090.04719.648<0.0010.812[0.740,0.890]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530835648070549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322169008539947743, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别的Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量17.2703.47624.689<0.001
文化程度小学及以下
初中0.2820.5940.2260.6351.326[0.414,4.244]
高中及以上1.6390.9253.1390.0765.148[0.840,31.542]
家庭所在地1.7740.6996.4470.0115.894[1.499,23.178]
职业事业单位或企业人员
农民-0.9011.0210.7790.3770.406[0.055,3.004]
自由职业者-0.7771.1340.4700.4930.460[0.050,4.242]
无业-2.0320.9015.0870.0240.131[0.022,0.766]
家庭人均月收入<3 000元
3 000~4 999元-0.7080.6711.1130.2910.493[0.132,1.835]
≥5 000元-0.1681.1050.0230.8790.845[0.097,7.377]
主要照顾者配偶
子女0.6880.6101.2720.2591.990[0.602,6.581]
其他-0.4050.7810.2690.6040.667[0.144,3.081]
存在合并症1.3800.6304.8000.0283.976[1.157,13.672]
SOC-13得分-0.1320.03712.898<0.0010.876[0.815,0.942]
FSACS得分-0.2090.04719.648<0.0010.812[0.740,0.890]
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乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素
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杨茜尧 , 郭榕 , 贾成方 , 刘莹 , 唐惠艳 *, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(8): 1281-1288
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (8) : 1281 -1288
乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素
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杨茜尧, 郭榕, 贾成方, 刘莹, 唐惠艳*, *, *
作者信息
  • 1华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 063210
通讯作者:
唐惠艳,E-mail:
TANG Huiyan, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨茜尧,硕士研究生

Potential categories and influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Qianyao YANG, Rong GUO, Chengfang JIA, Ying LIU, Huiyan TANG
Affiliations
  • 1College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei 063210 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    TANG Huiyan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.006
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目的

探讨乳腺癌化疗病人症状群发展轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素。

方法

采取便利抽样法,选取2024年7月—12月某市1所三级甲等医院首次化疗的乳腺癌住院病人225例为调查对象。采用一般资料调查表、记忆症状评估量表、心理一致感量表、女性癌症幸存者自我倡权量表,在病人接受化疗前1 d、第1次化疗后7 d、第2次化疗后7 d、第3次化疗后7 d及第4次化疗后7 d进行调查,应用潜类别增长模型进行数据分析。

结果

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹存在2个潜在类别,分别为高水平显著上升组(20.4%)和低水平缓慢上升组(79.6%)。Logistic回归分析显示,职业、家庭所在地、是否存在合并症、自我倡权能力及心理一致感是乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

乳腺癌化疗病人症状群分为2种变化轨迹且存在群体异质性,护理人员应对不同轨迹类别的病人实施个性化的支持护理。

乳腺癌  /  症状群  /  潜类别增长模型  /  影响因素  /  护理
Objective

To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was adopted to select 225 breast cancer inpatients who underwent their first chemotherapy at a tertiary grade A hospital in a certain city from July to December 2024 as the survey subjects.General information questionnaires,Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale,Sense of Coherence Scale,and Female Self-Advocacy in Cancer Survivorship were used to conduct the survey on 1st day before chemotherapy,7th day after the first chemotherapy,7th day after the second chemotherapy,7th day after the third chemotherapy,and 7th day after the fourth chemotherapy.Data analysis was performed using the latent class growth model.

Results

There were two potential categories in the symptom cluster trajectories of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,namely the high-level significant increase group(20.4%) and the low-level slow increase group(79.6%).Logistic regression analysis showed that occupation,place of residence,presence of comorbidities,self-advocacy ability,and sense of coherence were the influencing factors for the symptom cluster trajectory categories of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The symptom clusters of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy could be divided into two different trajectories.There is also group heterogeneity.Nursing staff should provide personalized support care for patients belonging to different trajectory categories.

breast cancer  /  symptom cluster  /  latent class growth model  /  influencing factors  /  nursing
杨茜尧, 郭榕, 贾成方, 刘莹, 唐惠艳. 乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的潜在类别及影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1281 -1288 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.006
Qianyao YANG, Rong GUO, Chengfang JIA, Ying LIU, Huiyan TANG. Potential categories and influencing factors of symptom cluster trajectories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1281 -1288 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.006
2022年全球癌症统计报告显示,乳腺癌新增病例约230万例,占所有新发癌症病例的11.6%,是女性中最常见的癌症类型,也是全球癌症死亡的主要原因[1]。化疗作为最主要的治疗手段之一,在提高病人生存率的同时,会引起疲劳、恶心、脱发、睡眠障碍等生理和心理症状[2],且常以集群形式发生,形成症状群[3]。Dodd等[4]于2001年首次提出症状群这一概念,指两种或两种以上症状同时发生,且彼此之间具有关联性。研究显示,乳腺癌病人术后同时经历多种症状群的困扰,且症状群产生的叠加、强化作用,会对病人造成多重负面影响,促进不良结局的发生[5-7]。因此,加强对乳腺癌病人症状群的管理至关重要。已有研究证明,乳腺癌化疗病人的症状群具有动态性,随时间进展而发生改变[8-9],但有关症状群发展轨迹异质性的研究证据明显不足。本研究针对接受化疗的乳腺癌病人开展症状群的追踪调查,借助潜类别增长模型(latent class growth model,LCGM)拟合症状群的异质性发展轨迹,描述其动态演变特征,确定各亚型,分析影响症状群轨迹类别的相关因素,为制定高效的症状群管理策略提供参考。
采取便利抽样法,选取2024年7月—12月某市1所三级甲等医院首次化疗的乳腺癌住院病人为调查对象。纳入标准:经病理诊断为乳腺癌病人;年龄≥18岁;手术后需接受至少4个周期化疗;意识清楚,具备基本的沟通及书写能力;知情同意,且自愿参加本研究。排除标准:乳腺癌复发病人;伴有其他严重躯体疾病、精神疾病者;手术前进行过化疗;非原发性乳腺癌病人;不知晓自身病情。为确保LCGM识别的准确性,至少纳入200例样本[10],本研究最终共纳入225例病人。本研究已经华北理工大学医学伦理委员会审核批准(编号:2024221)。
由研究者自行设计,包括年龄、家庭所在地、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、家庭人均月收入、主要照顾者、免疫组化分型、TNM分期、是否存在合并症、有无淋巴结转移。
MSAS由Portenoy等[11]于1994年开发,Cheng等[12]于2009年进行汉化,用于评估癌症病人过去7 d内症状的发生情况、频率、严重程度和困扰程度,共32个条目,涵盖生理症状和心理症状两方面。发生情况通过“有”或“无”进行计分;频率和严重程度使用Likert 4级评分法,“极少”至“持续不断”分别计1~4分,“轻度”至“很严重”分别计1~4分;困扰程度使用Likert 5级评分法,“一点也不”至“非常多”分别计0~4分。量表得分越高,表明症状出现越频繁,程度越严重,困扰程度越大。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.79~0.87。
SOC-13由Antonovsky[13]于1993年编制,包蕾萍等[14]于2006年进行汉化,用于评估个体的心理健康水平。量表包括可理解感、可控制感和意义感3个维度,共13个条目,使用Likert 7级评分法,“非常频繁”至“从来没有”分别计1~7分,条目1、条目2、条目3、条目8、条目13为反向计分,总分13~91分。得分越高,心理一致感水平越高,得分13~63分、64~79分、80~91分对应低等水平、中等水平、高等水平心理一致感。量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.76。
FSACS由Hagan等[15]于2016年编制,冯翎等[16]于2021年进行汉化修订,用于测量乳腺癌病人的自我倡权能力。FSACS包括自我决策、有效沟通和有效社会支持3个维度,共18个条目。采用Likert 6级评分法,“强烈不同意”至“强烈同意”分别计1~6分,其中条目10~12采取反向计分,总分为18~108分,得分越高,自我倡权能力越强。中文版FSACS的Cronbach's α系数为0.82。
结合临床实际和研究内容,根据已有研究[3,9]在乳腺癌化疗病人症状群的纵向研究中设置的时间点,将本次调查的时间点选在病人接受化疗前1 d(T0)、第1次化疗后7 d(T1)、第2次化疗后7 d(T2)、第3次化疗后7 d(T3)及第4次化疗后7 d(T4)。调查员经统一培训后进行资料的收集与整理。化疗前,由调查员向病人说明研究目的及意义,取得其知情同意后,查阅住院病历,填写病人的人口学和疾病相关资料,发放问卷并耐心指导其完成问卷填写。化疗后,调查员与病人协商预约随访时间后进行一对一的电话随访,记录病人近7 d症状发生情况。本研究初期共纳入240例调查对象,研究期间15例因不同原因退出,回收有效问卷225份,有效回收率为93.8%。
采用SPSS 25.0软件对一般资料进行描述性分析。不同组别比较采用单因素方差分析、χ2检验、Fisher精确概率法,采用Logistic回归分析探讨症状群不同组别的影响因素,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。症状群提取采用探索性因子分析,提取特征值>1的因子作为公因子。采用Mplus 8.3软件构建LCGM模型,设定“1”类别开始,逐步递增类别数目,比较关键指标,确定最优模型。模型评估指标包括赤池信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、样本校正的BIC(aBIC),其数值越小,模型拟合越好[17];熵(Entropy)值为0~1,越接近1,分类越准确;罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验(Lo-Mendell-Rubin test,LMRT)和基于Bootstraped的似然比检验(Bootstraped-likelihood ratio test,BLRT)用以比较模型拟合差异,P<0.05表示相较于k-1个类别模型,k个类别模型拟合数据更佳。
调查对象均为女性,年龄23~72(54.71±10.26)岁;已婚206例(91.6%);小学及以下58例(25.8%);事业单位或企业人员43例(19.1%);家庭人均月收入<3 000元77例(34.2%);家庭所在地为城镇123例(54.7%);主要照顾者为配偶107例(47.6%);免疫组化分型为激素受体阳性134例(59.6%);肿瘤临床分期为Ⅰ期50例(22.2%);存在合并症93例(41.3%);有淋巴转移113例(50.2%)。
应用探索性因子分析,纳入各时间点发生率≥20%的症状进行症状群的提取。经适宜性检验,5个时间点KMO值分别为0.742,0.727,0.773,0.767,0.773,Bartlett's球形检验结果均P<0.001,适合做因子分析。5个时间点累计方差贡献率为60.787%、61.921%、65.380%、62.593%、62.892%。提取心理症状群、激素相关症状群、自我形象紊乱症状群、胃肠道症状群、认知相关症状群及神经系统相关症状群,见表1。
采用1~5个类别参数对LCGM拟合,对5个时间点的症状群严重程度总分进行轨迹分析,AIC、BIC、aBIC值随类别数目增加而减少,在4类别模型中LMRT不显著,在2类别模型中熵值最大,LMRT和BLRT均达到显著(P<0.001),综合考虑,确定2个类别为最优模型,见表2。应用2类别模型将症状群分为2个亚组,见图1。轨迹显示,乳腺癌化疗病人的症状群严重程度随时间推移而逐步增加,在C1组中,病人症状群起始得分较高(I=16.181,P<0.001),随时间推移,症状群严重程度急剧增加(S=5.014,P<0.001),因此将C1组命名为“高水平显著上升组”,该组病人46例,占20.4%;在C2组中,病人症状群起始得分较低(I=7.842,P<0.001),随时间推移,症状群严重程度缓慢增加(S=2.469,P<0.001),因此将C2组命名为“低水平缓慢上升组”,该组病人179例,占79.6%。
以乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹2个类别作为因变量,将单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,进行Logistic回归分析,自变量赋值方式见表4。结果显示,职业、家庭所在地、是否存在合并症、FSACS及SOC-13得分是乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别的影响因素(P<0.05),见表5。
潜类别拟合模型结果显示,症状群发展轨迹存在2种潜在类别,分别为高水平显著上升组[46例(20.4%)]和低水平缓慢上升组[179例(79.6%)],说明乳腺癌化疗病人症状群特征具有群体异质性。大多数病人表现出低症状负担轨迹,与Nielsen等[18]研究结果一致。轨迹显示,乳腺癌化疗病人症状群严重程度的整体水平随时间推移逐步上升,原因可能为化疗疗程越长,化疗药物在病人体内积聚越多,导致的不良反应也越多,症状群越严重。Chang等[19]研究发现,接受化疗的乳腺癌病人症状群分为高症状负担组和低症状负担组,两组病人的生理症状和心理症状均存在显著差异,高症状负担组经历更严重的症状,影响病人的生活质量。本次调查的225例病人中,20.4%的病人存在较高的症状负担,并且随着化疗疗程逐渐增加,症状群的严重程度显著增高。提示在乳腺癌病人的症状管理护理实践中,应高度重视症状群的动态评估,掌握症状群的变化情况,同时加强早期筛查工作,借助有效的筛查工具和方法,精准识别高症状组病人,实施分组管理策略,根据病人个体差异,给予阶段性、个体化的干预措施,以减轻乳腺癌化疗病人的症状负担,改善生活质量及预后。
本研究结果显示,与低水平缓慢上升组相比,高水平显著上升组中家庭所在地为农村、存在合并症的病人比例较高,无业病人的比例较低,与何丽等[20-21]研究结果一致。家庭所在地为农村的病人症状负担较重,可能原因为农村医疗资源不足,交通不便,病人就医困难。相关研究发现,由于无固定收入和受传统观念影响较深,农村乳腺癌病人的情绪抑制较城市病人更严重,更容易导致不良心理结局[22]。张静等[23]研究显示,存在合并症的乳腺癌病人症状群得分较高,原因可能是存在合并症的病人受到肿瘤和其他疾病的双重打击,加重了组织器官及生理功能的损害,对病人身心造成极大的负面影响,使症状群严重程度增加。另外,本研究发现,无业的乳腺癌病人症状负担较轻,这与Lee等[24]的研究结果不同,后者发现无业的乳腺癌病人存在较重的症状负担,但与夏碧莹等[21,25]结果一致。原因可能是,无业病人的工作压力小,而事业单位或企业人员病人身体更加疲劳,情绪更为焦虑,导致症状加重。以上研究结果提示,护理人员在进行症状群管理时,应积极关注家庭所在地为农村、存在合并症和事业单位或企业人员的病人,结合病人实际情况给予心理疏导、生活和用药指导,减轻其身心负担,从而改善症状体验。
本研究结果显示,FSACS得分越高的乳腺癌病人,越不易进入高水平显著上升组,自我倡权能力越强,病人的症状群严重程度越轻,与Hagan等[26]研究结果一致。分析原因可能为自我倡权能力强的病人更善于表达自身需求,治疗过程中积极与医护人员沟通,主动参与医疗决策,选择最适合自己的方案,这个过程也有利于病人进一步了解疾病和提升自我管理能力,减轻疾病与症状带来的不适。李苗等[27]研究结果发现,高自我倡权的乳腺癌病人生活质量各维度得分及总分显著高于低自我倡权的病人。有研究显示,参与决策的乳腺癌病人往往会采取积极的心理及行为调适策略,治疗的积极性和依从性更高,无望感、焦虑感等负性情绪水平更低,从而减轻生理和心理上的不适感[28]。提示医护人员应关注病人的自我倡权能力水平,鼓励低自我倡权能力的病人加强医患沟通、参与医疗决策,帮助病人获取医疗信息资源和社会支持,减轻症状负担。
本研究结果显示,SOC-13得分越高,病人进入高水平显著上升组的概率越低,心理一致感负向预测症状群严重程度,与何丽等[20,29]研究结果相似。分析其原因,心理一致感水平较高的病人在面对癌症诊断和化疗毒副反应等压力源时心理状态相对稳定,认知水平较高,善于从正面的、积极的角度看待问题;另外,心理一致感水平较高的病人更有能力利用可获取的各种资源,帮助自己应对疾病和症状,减轻症状困扰。因此,建议医护人员加强对病人心理一致感的评估,引导病人正确认识疾病和控制情绪,提高心理一致感水平,同时鼓励病人调动周围可用的社会资源,帮助自己应对癌症带来的压力,减少症状产生的负面影响。
本研究通过LCGM识别出乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的2个潜在类别,表明乳腺癌化疗病人的症状群具有群体异质性。职业、家庭所在地、是否存在合并症、自我倡权能力及心理一致感水平是乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹类别的影响因素,这提示医护人员应针对不同类别的病人采取个性化的症状群管理措施,以改善症状负担。本研究仅在1所医院开展短期调查,研究范围小,样本量较为有限,未来可考虑多中心协作,扩大研究范围,增加样本量,并延长研究周期,全面、深入探索乳腺癌化疗病人症状群轨迹的发展规律及影响因素。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.006
  • 接收时间:2025-07-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-18
  • 修回日期:2026-03-28
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    1华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北 063210

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唐惠艳,E-mail:
TANG Huiyan, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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