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Article(id=1322168913299878020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168583854080893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=1774972800000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159233640, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159233640, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159233640, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159233640, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168583854080893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='1241', pageEnd='1424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159155095, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159155095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1353, endPage=1359, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168913513787525, articleId=1322168913299878020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Investigation on the current situation of high-level disinfection items management for central sterile supply department in hospitals, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current status of high-level disinfection item management for central sterile supply department in hospitals,and to provide reference basis for standardizing the management of high-level disinfection items.

Methods

Using the convenience sampling method,a self-designed questionnaire on the current status of high-level disinfection item management in hospital disinfection supply centers was used to investigate the current status of high-level disinfection item management for central sterile supply department in 253 hospitals.

Results

The top three categories of high-level disinfection items in terms of quantity were tourniquets(199 hospitals), humidification bottles(168 hospitals),and simple respirators (132 hospitals).The disinfection methods mainly included chlorine-containing disinfectants,moist heat,and acidified water.There were 19 packaging methods for high-level disinfection items,and the top three were self-sealing bags(54.52%),paper-plastic bags(17.33%),and plastic storage boxes(7.53%).The validity period of high-level disinfection items ranged from 6 days to 180 days.The most common validity period was 7 days(110 hospitals,43.48%).A total of 86 hospitals(33.98%) only marked the processing date of high-level disinfection on the packaging,without indicating the expiration date.

Conclusions

There were significant differences in the management of high-level disinfection items among different central sterile supply department in hospitals,and there was considerable room for improvement.The relevant departments and industry associations should promptly formulate relevant guidelines and standards to regulate the management of high-level disinfection items.

, authors=Yan ZHANG1, Xixi CAI1, Wei ZHENG2, authorsList=Yan ZHANG, Xixi CAI, Wei ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHENG Wei， E-mail：
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目的

了解我国医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状，为规范高水平消毒物品的管理提供参考依据。

方法

采用便利抽样的方法，采用自行设计的医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查问卷对全国253所医院消毒供应中心的高水平消毒物品管理现状进行调查。

结果

高水平消毒物品品类数量排名前3位的依次是止血带（199所）、湿化瓶（168所）和简易呼吸器（132所），消毒方法以含氯消毒液、湿热和酸化水为主。高水平消毒物品的包装方法有19种，排名前3位的依次是自封袋（54.52%）、纸塑袋（17.33%）和塑料收纳箱（7.53%）。高水平消毒物品有效期最短6 d，最长180 d，最常见的有效期是7 d（110所，43.48%）。86所（33.98%）医院只在包装上标注高水平消毒的处理日期，不标注失效日期。

结论

不同医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品的管理情况存在差异，还有较大的改进空间，相关部门和行业协会应尽快制定相关的指南和标准，规范高水平消毒物品的管理。

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张艳，副主任护师，本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
郑伟，E-mail：
ZHENG Wei， E-mail：
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issue=3, pageStart=205, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=AYUB A, CHEONG Y K, CASTRO J C, journalName=Bioengineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AYUB A,CHEONG Y K,CASTRO J C,et al.Use of hydrogen peroxide vapour for microbiological disinfection in hospital environments:a review[J].Bioengineering,2024,11(3):205., articleTitle=Use of hydrogen peroxide vapour for microbiological disinfection in hospital environments:a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530564696036082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=9, pageStart=5736, pageEnd=5750, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=TRAN V N, SARAVANA P S, PARK S, journalName=Biomedical Optics Express, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TRAN V N,SARAVANA P S,PARK S,et al.Opto-chemical treatment for enhanced high-level disinfection of mature bacterial biofilm in a Teflon-based endoscope model[J].Biomedical Optics Express,2021,12(9):5736-5750., articleTitle=Opto-chemical treatment for enhanced high-level disinfection of mature bacterial biofilm in a Teflon-based endoscope model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530564758950643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=7, pageStart=617, pageEnd=622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=王萍, 韩梦鸽, 沈国锋, journalName=中国感染控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王萍,韩梦鸽,沈国锋,等.持续性次氯酸消毒对内镜终末漂洗水的消毒效果[J].中国感染控制杂志,2022,21(7):617-622., articleTitle=持续性次氯酸消毒对内镜终末漂洗水的消毒效果, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530564826059508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=89, issue=1, pageStart=e01699, pageEnd=e01622, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=TAKEDA Y, NIKAIDO M, JAMSRANSUREN D, journalName=Applied and Environmental Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKEDA Y,NIKAIDO M,JAMSRANSUREN D,et al.Virucidal activities of acidic electrolyzed water solutions with different pH values against multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2023,89(1):e01699-e01622., articleTitle=Virucidal activities of acidic electrolyzed water solutions with different pH values against multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530565174186741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=21, issue=6, pageStart=610, pageEnd=616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=张晓阳, 王超超, 赵秋平, journalName=中国感染控制杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张晓阳,王超超,赵秋平,等.医院高度风险区域高频接触表面清洁消毒的研究进展[J].中国感染控制杂志,2022,21(6):610-616., articleTitle=医院高度风险区域高频接触表面清洁消毒的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530565245489910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=282, issue=null, pageStart=116836, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=MA J Y, ZHAO M T, KONG X T, journalName=Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA J Y,ZHAO M T,KONG X T,et al.Probing the toxic hypochlorous acid in natural waters and biosystem by a coumarin-based fluorescence probe[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2024,282:116836., articleTitle=Probing the toxic hypochlorous acid in natural waters and biosystem by a coumarin-based fluorescence probe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530565539091191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=631, pageEnd=634, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=李爱琴, 夏娴, 白春梅, journalName=中华医院感染学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李爱琴,夏娴,白春梅,等.消毒供应中心新生儿奶瓶再处理专项化管理效果[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2022,32(4):631-634., articleTitle=消毒供应中心新生儿奶瓶再处理专项化管理效果, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530559100834497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530559109223106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, companyId=1322530559100834497, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530559117611715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, companyId=1322530559100834497, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1成都市第三人民医院，四川 610031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322530559188914884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530559193109189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, companyId=1322530559188914884, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Sichuan Cancer Hospital), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530559201497798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, companyId=1322530559188914884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2四川省肿瘤医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530560807916254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of the hospitals(n=253)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类医院（所）构成比（%）
医院等级三级20781.82
二级4517.78
二级以下10.40
医院类型公立综合20279.84
公立专科3112.25
私立综合155.93
私立专科51.98
床位数≤500张4517.79
501~1 000张7931.22
1 001~1 500张5120.16
1 501~2 000张259.88
>2 000张5320.95
高水平消毒物品数量1种或2种7027.67
3种或4种8232.41
5种或6种5822.92
7种或8种3413.44
9种或10种62.37
>10种31.19
), ArticleFig(id=1322530560891802335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

医院一般资料（n=253）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类医院（所）构成比（%）
医院等级三级20781.82
二级4517.78
二级以下10.40
医院类型公立综合20279.84
公立专科3112.25
私立综合155.93
私立专科51.98
床位数≤500张4517.79
501~1 000张7931.22
1 001~1 500张5120.16
1 501~2 000张259.88
>2 000张5320.95
高水平消毒物品数量1种或2种7027.67
3种或4种8232.41
5种或6种5822.92
7种或8种3413.44
9种或10种62.37
>10种31.19
), ArticleFig(id=1322530560979882720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The types and disinfection methods of high-level disinfection items for central sterile supply department in hospitals（n=253）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消毒物品医院（所）消毒方法数量（个）
止血带199含氯消毒液103
湿热87
酸化水63
湿化瓶168含氯消毒液91
湿热82
酸化水54
过氧乙酸1
简易呼吸器132含氯消毒液68
湿热53
酸化水44
过氧乙酸4
甲醛1
乙醇2
呼吸机湿化罐130含氯消毒液48
湿热78
酸化水41
过氧乙酸4
呼吸机管路122含氯消毒液46
湿热73
酸化水35
过氧乙酸3
吸引瓶93含氯消毒液67
湿热28
酸化水32
中医火罐93含氯消毒液35
湿热62
酸化水23
过氧乙酸1
输液瓶网套34含氯消毒液18
湿热7
酸化水20
橡皮碗、调伴刀28含氯消毒液9
湿热16
酸化水9
眼罩24含氯消毒液11
湿热7
酸化水14
血压计袖带21含氯消毒液13
湿热10
酸化水4
过氧乙酸1
乙醇1
中医牛角梳18含氯消毒液7
湿热12
酸化水7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530561080546017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品种类和消毒方法（n=253）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消毒物品医院（所）消毒方法数量（个）
止血带199含氯消毒液103
湿热87
酸化水63
湿化瓶168含氯消毒液91
湿热82
酸化水54
过氧乙酸1
简易呼吸器132含氯消毒液68
湿热53
酸化水44
过氧乙酸4
甲醛1
乙醇2
呼吸机湿化罐130含氯消毒液48
湿热78
酸化水41
过氧乙酸4
呼吸机管路122含氯消毒液46
湿热73
酸化水35
过氧乙酸3
吸引瓶93含氯消毒液67
湿热28
酸化水32
中医火罐93含氯消毒液35
湿热62
酸化水23
过氧乙酸1
输液瓶网套34含氯消毒液18
湿热7
酸化水20
橡皮碗、调伴刀28含氯消毒液9
湿热16
酸化水9
眼罩24含氯消毒液11
湿热7
酸化水14
血压计袖带21含氯消毒液13
湿热10
酸化水4
过氧乙酸1
乙醇1
中医牛角梳18含氯消毒液7
湿热12
酸化水7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530561160237794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Packaging method of high-level disinfection items for central sterile supply department in hospitals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消毒物品包装方法数量（个）构成比（%）
压脉带自封袋11758.79
纸塑袋2010.05
食品保鲜袋199.55
塑料收纳箱84.02
单层无纺布189.05
消毒物品存放袋42.01
普通背心式购物袋63.02
特制无纺布口袋10.50
中药煎药袋21.01
自制棉布袋10.50
皱纹纸10.50
铝制饭盒10.50
不锈钢方盘10.50
湿化瓶自封袋10562.49
纸塑袋1710.11
食品保鲜袋169.51
塑料收纳箱95.36
单层无纺布74.17
消毒物品存放袋42.38
普通背心式购物袋31.79
特制无纺布口袋31.79
中药煎药袋10.60
无菌保护套10.60
白纸（灭菌后使用）10.60
自制棉布袋10.60
简易呼吸器自封袋6650.00
纸塑袋4030.29
食品保鲜袋64.55
塑料收纳箱64.55
单层无纺布75.30
消毒物品存放袋43.03
普通背心式购物袋10.76
自制棉布袋10.76
产品原厂收纳盒10.76
呼吸机湿化罐自封袋6751.54
纸塑袋3728.46
食品保鲜袋75.38
塑料收纳箱43.08
单层无纺布75.38
消毒物品存放袋21.54
普通背心式购物袋21.54
特制无纺布口袋21.54
无菌保护套10.77
自制棉布袋10.77
呼吸机管路自封袋5746.71
纸塑袋4032.79
食品保鲜袋64.92
塑料收纳箱75.74
单层无纺布43.28
消毒物品存放袋21.64
普通背心式购物袋21.64
特制无纺布口袋21.64
自制棉布袋10.82
双层无纺布10.82
吸引瓶自封袋5356.98
纸塑袋88.60
食品保鲜袋99.68
塑料收纳箱66.45
单层无纺布88.60
消毒物品存放袋11.08
普通背心式购物袋44.30
自制棉布袋11.08
自制棉布袋（清洗后使用）22.15
不进行包装11.08
中医火罐自封袋3537.61
纸塑袋55.38
食品保鲜袋66.45
塑料收纳箱3032.26
单层无纺布77.53
消毒物品存放袋44.30
特制无纺布口袋11.08
无菌保护套11.08
自制棉布袋33.23
自制内层不锈钢篮筐+外层棉布袋11.08
输液网套自封袋2470.60
纸塑袋25.88
食品保鲜袋411.76
塑料收纳箱411.76
橡皮碗、调伴刀自封袋1760.72
纸塑袋517.86
食品保鲜袋13.57
塑料收纳箱27.14
单层无纺布13.57
消毒物品存放袋13.57
铝制饭盒13.57
眼罩自封袋1145.82
纸塑袋625.00
食品保鲜袋14.17
塑料收纳箱14.17
单层无纺布14.17
消毒物品存放袋28.33
普通背心式购物袋14.17
特制无纺布口袋14.17
血压计袖带自封袋1466.67
纸塑袋14.76
食品保鲜袋14.76
塑料收纳箱314.29
单层无纺布14.76
不进行包装14.76
中医牛角梳自封袋1372.21
纸塑袋316.67
消毒物品存放袋15.56
铝制饭盒15.56
), ArticleFig(id=1322530561248318179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品的包装方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
消毒物品包装方法数量（个）构成比（%）
压脉带自封袋11758.79
纸塑袋2010.05
食品保鲜袋199.55
塑料收纳箱84.02
单层无纺布189.05
消毒物品存放袋42.01
普通背心式购物袋63.02
特制无纺布口袋10.50
中药煎药袋21.01
自制棉布袋10.50
皱纹纸10.50
铝制饭盒10.50
不锈钢方盘10.50
湿化瓶自封袋10562.49
纸塑袋1710.11
食品保鲜袋169.51
塑料收纳箱95.36
单层无纺布74.17
消毒物品存放袋42.38
普通背心式购物袋31.79
特制无纺布口袋31.79
中药煎药袋10.60
无菌保护套10.60
白纸（灭菌后使用）10.60
自制棉布袋10.60
简易呼吸器自封袋6650.00
纸塑袋4030.29
食品保鲜袋64.55
塑料收纳箱64.55
单层无纺布75.30
消毒物品存放袋43.03
普通背心式购物袋10.76
自制棉布袋10.76
产品原厂收纳盒10.76
呼吸机湿化罐自封袋6751.54
纸塑袋3728.46
食品保鲜袋75.38
塑料收纳箱43.08
单层无纺布75.38
消毒物品存放袋21.54
普通背心式购物袋21.54
特制无纺布口袋21.54
无菌保护套10.77
自制棉布袋10.77
呼吸机管路自封袋5746.71
纸塑袋4032.79
食品保鲜袋64.92
塑料收纳箱75.74
单层无纺布43.28
消毒物品存放袋21.64
普通背心式购物袋21.64
特制无纺布口袋21.64
自制棉布袋10.82
双层无纺布10.82
吸引瓶自封袋5356.98
纸塑袋88.60
食品保鲜袋99.68
塑料收纳箱66.45
单层无纺布88.60
消毒物品存放袋11.08
普通背心式购物袋44.30
自制棉布袋11.08
自制棉布袋（清洗后使用）22.15
不进行包装11.08
中医火罐自封袋3537.61
纸塑袋55.38
食品保鲜袋66.45
塑料收纳箱3032.26
单层无纺布77.53
消毒物品存放袋44.30
特制无纺布口袋11.08
无菌保护套11.08
自制棉布袋33.23
自制内层不锈钢篮筐+外层棉布袋11.08
输液网套自封袋2470.60
纸塑袋25.88
食品保鲜袋411.76
塑料收纳箱411.76
橡皮碗、调伴刀自封袋1760.72
纸塑袋517.86
食品保鲜袋13.57
塑料收纳箱27.14
单层无纺布13.57
消毒物品存放袋13.57
铝制饭盒13.57
眼罩自封袋1145.82
纸塑袋625.00
食品保鲜袋14.17
塑料收纳箱14.17
单层无纺布14.17
消毒物品存放袋28.33
普通背心式购物袋14.17
特制无纺布口袋14.17
血压计袖带自封袋1466.67
纸塑袋14.76
食品保鲜袋14.76
塑料收纳箱314.29
单层无纺布14.76
不进行包装14.76
中医牛角梳自封袋1372.21
纸塑袋316.67
消毒物品存放袋15.56
铝制饭盒15.56
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Validity period of high-level disinfection items for central sterile supply department in hospitals（n=253）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有效期医院（所）构成比（%）
7 d11043.48
只标注处理时间8633.98
14 d176.71
28 d166.31
30 d114.35
90 d31.19
3个月31.19
1个月20.79
6 d10.40
180 d10.40
止血带只标注处理时间，其余7 d10.40
不同物品采用7、30、90 d10.40
5月—10月7 d，其余月份14 d10.40
), ArticleFig(id=1322530561466421989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168913299878020, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品的有效期（n=253）

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有效期医院（所）构成比（%）
7 d11043.48
只标注处理时间8633.98
14 d176.71
28 d166.31
30 d114.35
90 d31.19
3个月31.19
1个月20.79
6 d10.40
180 d10.40
止血带只标注处理时间，其余7 d10.40
不同物品采用7、30、90 d10.40
5月—10月7 d，其余月份14 d10.40
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全国医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查
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张艳 1 , 蔡茜茜 1 , 郑伟 2, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(8): 1353-1359
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (8) : 1353 -1359
全国医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查
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张艳1, 蔡茜茜1, 郑伟2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1成都市第三人民医院，四川 610031
  • 2四川省肿瘤医院
通讯作者:
郑伟，E-mail：
ZHENG Wei， E-mail：
作者简介:

张艳，副主任护师，本科

Investigation on the current situation of high-level disinfection items management for central sterile supply department in hospitals
Yan ZHANG1, Xixi CAI1, Wei ZHENG2
Affiliations
  • 1The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 China
  • 2Sichuan Cancer Hospital
    • Corresponding Author:
    ZHENG Wei， E-mail：
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.016
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摘要
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目的

了解我国医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状，为规范高水平消毒物品的管理提供参考依据。

方法

采用便利抽样的方法，采用自行设计的医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查问卷对全国253所医院消毒供应中心的高水平消毒物品管理现状进行调查。

结果

高水平消毒物品品类数量排名前3位的依次是止血带（199所）、湿化瓶（168所）和简易呼吸器（132所），消毒方法以含氯消毒液、湿热和酸化水为主。高水平消毒物品的包装方法有19种，排名前3位的依次是自封袋（54.52%）、纸塑袋（17.33%）和塑料收纳箱（7.53%）。高水平消毒物品有效期最短6 d，最长180 d，最常见的有效期是7 d（110所，43.48%）。86所（33.98%）医院只在包装上标注高水平消毒的处理日期，不标注失效日期。

结论

不同医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品的管理情况存在差异，还有较大的改进空间，相关部门和行业协会应尽快制定相关的指南和标准，规范高水平消毒物品的管理。

消毒供应中心  /  高水平消毒  /  护理管理  /  调查研究
Objective

To understand the current status of high-level disinfection item management for central sterile supply department in hospitals,and to provide reference basis for standardizing the management of high-level disinfection items.

Methods

Using the convenience sampling method,a self-designed questionnaire on the current status of high-level disinfection item management in hospital disinfection supply centers was used to investigate the current status of high-level disinfection item management for central sterile supply department in 253 hospitals.

Results

The top three categories of high-level disinfection items in terms of quantity were tourniquets(199 hospitals), humidification bottles(168 hospitals),and simple respirators (132 hospitals).The disinfection methods mainly included chlorine-containing disinfectants,moist heat,and acidified water.There were 19 packaging methods for high-level disinfection items,and the top three were self-sealing bags(54.52%),paper-plastic bags(17.33%),and plastic storage boxes(7.53%).The validity period of high-level disinfection items ranged from 6 days to 180 days.The most common validity period was 7 days(110 hospitals,43.48%).A total of 86 hospitals(33.98%) only marked the processing date of high-level disinfection on the packaging,without indicating the expiration date.

Conclusions

There were significant differences in the management of high-level disinfection items among different central sterile supply department in hospitals,and there was considerable room for improvement.The relevant departments and industry associations should promptly formulate relevant guidelines and standards to regulate the management of high-level disinfection items.

central sterile supply department  /  high-level disinfection  /  nursing management  /  investigation and research
张艳, 蔡茜茜, 郑伟. 全国医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1353 -1359 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.016
Yan ZHANG, Xixi CAI, Wei ZHENG. Investigation on the current situation of high-level disinfection items management for central sterile supply department in hospitals[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1353 -1359 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.016
正文
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Spaulding分类法根据医疗器械污染后使用所致感染的危险性大小将医疗器械分为高度危险性物品、中度危险性物品和低度危险性物品3类[1]。接触完整黏膜和非完整皮肤的器械为中度危险性物品，我国卫生行业标准要求该类物品采取中水平或高水平的消毒方法[2]，国外学者推荐进行高水平消毒或灭菌处理[3-4]。基于质量和成本考虑，医院对复用医疗器械采取了集中管理模式，消毒供应中心（central sterile supply department，CSSD）负责医疗器械和物品的消毒、灭菌和供应，其中也包括需要进行高水平消毒处理的物品[5-6]。但国内外卫生行业标准均未检索到关于高水平消毒后物品包装方法、储存时限的指导和具体要求[7-8]。在实际工作中，纸塑袋、自封袋和单层棉布等多种材料常用于高水平消毒后物品的包装[8-9]，也有国内研究者根据试验推荐了14、15、28、30 d和4个月等多个储存时限[7-9]。为了解我国医院消毒供应中心管理高水平消毒物品的现状，本研究在全国范围内开展了问卷调查，旨在为规范高水平消毒物品的管理提供参考，现将结果报告如下。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料
采用便利抽样方法对全国253所医院消毒供应中心开展调查，每个医院收集1份问卷。
1.2　方法
采用问卷调查方法。2024年7月，研究团队成员通过微信向四川、重庆和贵州地区的29所医院消毒供应中心工作人员一对一发送了关于高水平消毒物品管理现状的开放式问题，研究团队汇总调查结果并参考相关文献后，自行设计了医院消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品管理现状调查问卷，共32个条目，包括医院基本情况、高水平消毒物品的类型、包装方式和储存时限等主要内容。正式开展调查前进行预调查，对调查问卷的部分文字表达和选项呈现方式进行完善。质量控制：1）过程质量控制。调查问卷通过问卷星平台发放，设置必答项，尽量确保问卷填写的完整性；统一指导用语并告知被调查者最终研究结果不会呈现具体医院信息，减少被调查者的顾虑；不同研究团队成员分别承担不同省份问卷的发放，避免重复收集问卷。2）结果质量控制。及时审核回收的问卷，对于有明显逻辑错误、关键信息不完整、同一医院消毒供应中心多份问卷的情况，联系被调查者进行核实，若无法取得联系则删除该问卷。回收有效问卷253份，分别来自全国27个省、市、自治区253所医院的消毒供应中心。
1.3　统计学方法
从问卷星平台导出已回收的问卷，双人共同对问卷内容核实，删除不合格问卷，整理好的数据使用Excel进行数据分析。
2　结果
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2.1　医院一般资料（见表1）
2.2　消毒方法
收集到的253所医院消毒供应中心针对不同高水平消毒物品的消毒方法数据共1 395个，包括含氯消毒液516个（36.99%）、湿热515个（36.92%）、酸化水346个（24.80%）、过氧乙酸14个（1.00%）、乙醇3个（0.22%）和甲醛1个（0.07%）。见表2。
2.3　包装方法
253所医院消毒供应中心处理的高水平消毒物品包装数据1 062个，包装方法有19种，采用最多的包装方式是自封袋579个，占54.52%，其余依次是纸塑袋184个（17.33%）、塑料收纳箱80个（7.53%）、食品保鲜袋76个（7.16%）、单层无纺布61个（5.74%）、成品销售的消毒物品存放袋25个（2.35%）、普通背心式购物袋19个（1.79%）和其他38个（3.58%）。不同消毒物品包装方法见表3。
2.4　储存时限
不同医院消毒供应中心执行的高水平消毒物品有效期存在差异，见表4。
3　讨论
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3.1　不同消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品的种类差异明显
本研究结果显示，高水平消毒处理物品数量在1~6种的消毒供应中心构成比为83.00%，其中排名前3位的高水平消毒物品依次是止血带、湿化瓶和简易呼吸器，还有3所医院消毒供应中心处理的高水平消毒物品品类超过10种。从工作效率和质量安全的角度出发，消毒供应中心应逐步减少高水平消毒处理物品的品类数量，使用一次性产品[10]或者灭菌[11]进行替代。一方面是消毒供应中心的工作以灭菌处理医疗器械为主，在处理高水平消毒物品时需要安排专门的人员、准备特定的区域、制定更多的流程，甚至还需要专门的设施设备和存放空间，同时在包装环节很容易受到操作者能力和态度的影响[11]，使得消毒供应中心的投入和产出不成正比；另一方面是高水平消毒并不能消灭所有的细菌芽孢，而且难以完全杀灭生物膜中的细菌[12-14]，这可能导致医院感染的发生，而采取灭菌处理则可以较好地避免这个问题。
3.2　不同消毒供应中心处理高水平消毒物品的消毒方法不尽相同
高水平消毒物品的消毒方法以含氯消毒液、湿热和酸化水为主。湿热法适用于耐湿耐热物品的消毒，消毒效果较好且无须终末漂洗，酸化水适用于不耐热物品的消毒，其刺激性较小，对环境较为友好[15]。含氯消毒液是应用十分普遍的高水平消毒方法，但其对人体皮肤黏膜具有较大刺激性，对金属有腐蚀性，而且漂洗不彻底会出现化学残留，排放后对水环境也有一定的危害，应该适当使用湿热或酸化水替代含氯消毒液进行高水平消毒处理[16-17]。有少数医院消毒供应中心采用乙醇消毒简易呼吸器和血压计袖带，但乙醇是中效消毒剂，并不能达到高水平消毒效果，应该变更为其他的高水平消毒方法。
3.3　高水平消毒物品管理中包装环节的问题明显
收集到的高水平消毒物品包装方法为19种，其中有多种包装方法并不适用。自封袋凭借可靠的密封性、齐全的产品规格和较为简便的操作方法，有超过一半的高水平消毒物品采用自封袋进行包装，这和多项研究结果[8-9]一致。其次使用较多的包装材料是纸塑袋，纸塑袋在消毒供应中心内最容易获取且规格较多[18]，但其最大的问题是使高水平消毒物品与压力蒸汽、环氧乙烷灭菌的物品使用了相同的包装材料，可能导致差错事件的发生，而且纸塑袋的成本并不低。少数医院高水平消毒物品使用成品的消毒物品存放袋包装，这些专用成品袋有明显的标示、部分经过灭菌处理，可以使消毒供应中心的工作更加专业和规范，但也要认识到其带来的成本增长。还有一些医院消毒供应中心采用普通背心式购物袋进行高水平消毒物品的包装，这种包装袋与日常生产生活使用的塑料袋几乎没有区别，密闭性不好且有损消毒供应中心的专业化形象，而中药煎药袋是密闭性较差的包装方式，还有少数医院消毒供应中心对高水平消毒后的吸引瓶和血压计袖带不进行专门包装，干燥后直接暂存并发放。
3.4　不同消毒供应中心高水平消毒物品有效期差距较大
进行高水平消毒处理的253所医院消毒供应中心执行了13种不同的效期管理模式，最短6 d，最长180 d，最常见的有效期是7 d。有86所医院消毒供应中心只在包装上标注高水平消毒处理日期，没有标注过期日期，这种方式明显延长了高水平消毒物品的周转时间，减少了临床和消毒供应中心的工作量，但这种方法是否符合医院感染防控要求还需要更多的研究。还有医院消毒供应中心根据高水平消毒的物品种类的不同或者季节变化而执行不同的效期。其实效期的长短并不是影响高水平消毒物品是否出现污染的首要因素，高水平消毒后物品的包装方式、包装时的环境、操作人员的无菌观念和工作质量对最终质量的影响更为明显。
4　小结
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综上所述，我国许多医院消毒供应中心处理的高水平消毒物品品种数量较多，含氯消毒液应用较为广泛，包装方法和效期管理比较混乱。为规范高水平消毒物品的管理，更好地维护病人健康，相关部门和行业协会应尽快制定相关的指南和标准，包括推荐采取高水平消毒处理的物品种类，推广湿热和酸化水等高水平消毒方法逐步减少含氯消毒液的使用，最主要的是尽快规范高水平消毒物品的包装方法和效期管理。

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2026年第40卷第8期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.016
  • 接收时间：2025-06-26
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-06-26
  • 修回日期：2026-04-01
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    1成都市第三人民医院，四川 610031
    2四川省肿瘤医院

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郑伟，E-mail：
ZHENG Wei， E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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