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Article(id=1322168804285723035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168481081049284, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753459200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-26, revisedDate=1773936000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159207649, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159207649, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159207649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159207649, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168481081049284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='9', pageStart='1425', pageEnd='1616', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159130592, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159130592, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1592, endPage=1597, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168805690814876, articleId=1322168804285723035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on influence of physical activity on the rehabilitation outcomes in cancer patients, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article reviewed the recent research progress on physical activity in cancer patients,systematically elaborated on the concept and connotation,classification,and assessment methods of physical activity,as well as its impact on cancer outcomes.Meanwhile,potential influencing factors were discussed,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for constructing a comprehensive cancer rehabilitation management system.

, authors=Lijun WU1, Xiaofei ZHI2, Tai MA1, authorsList=Lijun WU, Xiaofei ZHI, Tai MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tai MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168806156382621, articleId=1322168804285723035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=体力活动对肿瘤病人康复效果影响的研究进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

综述近年来肿瘤病人中体力活动的相关研究进展，系统阐述体力活动的概念及内涵、分类及评估方法以及对肿瘤结局的影响，同时探讨可能的影响因素，以期为构建肿瘤全程康复管理体系提供理论依据。

, authors=武利君1, 支小飞2, 马泰1, *, *, authorsList=武利君, 支小飞, 马泰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马泰, authorNote=

武利君，副主任护师，硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
马泰，E-mail:
MA Tai, E-mail:
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武利君，副主任护师，硕士研究生

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武利君，副主任护师，硕士研究生

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authorNames=RUTHERFORD Z, ZWOLINSKY S, KIME N, journalName=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RUTHERFORD Z,ZWOLINSKY S,KIME N,et al.A mixed-methods evaluation of CARE (cancer and rehabilitation exercise):a physical activity and health intervention,delivered in a community football trust[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2021,18(6):3327., articleTitle=A mixed-methods evaluation of CARE (cancer and rehabilitation exercise):a physical activity and health intervention,delivered in a community football trust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322531117203309143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168804285723035, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=15, issue=11, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=ALDERMAN G, KEEGAN R, SEMPLE S, journalName=PLoS One, refType=null, 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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322531109909414438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168804285723035, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification of physical activity and activity examples

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类活动举例
活动形式有氧运动步行、跑步、游泳、骑自行车
抗阻训练弹力带、器械训练
柔韧性训练瑜伽、拉伸运动
平衡训练单脚站立、太极拳
活动强度低强度（<3.0 METs）慢走（<3.2 km/h）、烹饪、轻家务劳动
中强度（3.0~6.0 METs）快走（4.0~6.4 km/h）、双打网球、打扫庭院
高强度（>6.0 METs）慢跑、搬运重物上楼、强度较大的健身课程
活动水平不活动无中/高强度体力活动
活动不足每周少于150 min中等强度或75 min高强度体力活动（1 min高强度=2 min中等强度）
活跃每周进行150~300 min中等强度体力活动
高度活跃每周进行超过300 min中等强度体力活动
活动目的职业性（有偿或志愿工作）建筑工人的搬运工作
交通性步行、骑自行车上班
家务性扫地、拖地、照顾孩子、园艺活动
休闲性健身、打球、娱乐活动
), ArticleFig(id=1322531109963940391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168804285723035, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

体力活动的分类及活动举例

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项目分类活动举例
活动形式有氧运动步行、跑步、游泳、骑自行车
抗阻训练弹力带、器械训练
柔韧性训练瑜伽、拉伸运动
平衡训练单脚站立、太极拳
活动强度低强度（<3.0 METs）慢走（<3.2 km/h）、烹饪、轻家务劳动
中强度（3.0~6.0 METs）快走（4.0~6.4 km/h）、双打网球、打扫庭院
高强度（>6.0 METs）慢跑、搬运重物上楼、强度较大的健身课程
活动水平不活动无中/高强度体力活动
活动不足每周少于150 min中等强度或75 min高强度体力活动（1 min高强度=2 min中等强度）
活跃每周进行150~300 min中等强度体力活动
高度活跃每周进行超过300 min中等强度体力活动
活动目的职业性（有偿或志愿工作）建筑工人的搬运工作
交通性步行、骑自行车上班
家务性扫地、拖地、照顾孩子、园艺活动
休闲性健身、打球、娱乐活动
), ArticleFig(id=1322531110031049256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168804285723035, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of three types of tools

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工具类型评估维度优势局限性
主观评估工具病人自我感知的活动能力低成本、易实施、大规模筛查回忆偏差、社会期望效应、依赖病人认知能力
客观评估工具日常活动模式（强度、频率、时长）客观记录自然状态下的活动、长期监测、量化活动数据无法评估功能极限、设备成本高、无法区分活动类型
临床功能性运动测试心肺功能储备、峰值运动能力标准化操作、预测临床结局需专业设备及人员、测试环境非自然、受病人努力程度影响
), ArticleFig(id=1322531111704576553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168804285723035, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3类工具比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工具类型评估维度优势局限性
主观评估工具病人自我感知的活动能力低成本、易实施、大规模筛查回忆偏差、社会期望效应、依赖病人认知能力
客观评估工具日常活动模式（强度、频率、时长）客观记录自然状态下的活动、长期监测、量化活动数据无法评估功能极限、设备成本高、无法区分活动类型
临床功能性运动测试心肺功能储备、峰值运动能力标准化操作、预测临床结局需专业设备及人员、测试环境非自然、受病人努力程度影响
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体力活动对肿瘤病人康复效果影响的研究进展
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武利君 1 , 支小飞 2 , 马泰 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(9): 1592-1597
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (9) : 1592 -1597
体力活动对肿瘤病人康复效果影响的研究进展
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武利君1, 支小飞2, 马泰1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学第一附属医院（肿瘤内科），安徽 230022
  • 2南通大学附属医院（普外科）
通讯作者:
马泰，E-mail:
MA Tai, E-mail:
作者简介:

武利君，副主任护师，硕士研究生

Research progress on influence of physical activity on the rehabilitation outcomes in cancer patients
Lijun WU1, Xiaofei ZHI2, Tai MA1
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230022 China
  • 2The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.023
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摘要
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综述近年来肿瘤病人中体力活动的相关研究进展，系统阐述体力活动的概念及内涵、分类及评估方法以及对肿瘤结局的影响，同时探讨可能的影响因素，以期为构建肿瘤全程康复管理体系提供理论依据。

肿瘤  /  体力活动  /  康复  /  临床结局  /  影响因素  /  综述

This article reviewed the recent research progress on physical activity in cancer patients,systematically elaborated on the concept and connotation,classification,and assessment methods of physical activity,as well as its impact on cancer outcomes.Meanwhile,potential influencing factors were discussed,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for constructing a comprehensive cancer rehabilitation management system.

cancer  /  physical activity  /  rehabilitation  /  clinical outcomes  /  influencing factors  /  review
武利君, 支小飞, 马泰. 体力活动对肿瘤病人康复效果影响的研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1592 -1597 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.023
Lijun WU, Xiaofei ZHI, Tai MA. Research progress on influence of physical activity on the rehabilitation outcomes in cancer patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1592 -1597 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.023
正文
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随着肿瘤诊疗技术的不断发展，癌症病人5年生存率得到了明显的提升，生活质量改善已成为肿瘤康复的关键目标。肿瘤康复作为整合性医疗的重要组成部分，不仅涉及生理功能恢复和运动疗法，还涵盖营养管理、心理和社会支持等多个领域，贯穿肿瘤从诊断到治疗后管理的整个过程[1]。近年来，有研究显示体力活动（physical activity,PA）在肿瘤康复中发挥着积极的作用，如改善身体功能、减轻治疗相关副作用、提高生活质量，甚至可能降低复发风险、延长生存期[2]，但是体力活动在概念界定、评估方法及临床实践推广等方面仍存在不少争议。现通过综述肿瘤康复病人进行体力活动的研究进展，旨在为优化肿瘤康复方案提供理论依据和实践指导。
1　体力活动的概念及分类
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体力活动是指骨骼肌收缩产生、引起能量消耗的身体动作，涵盖日常生活、结构化运动和职业活动。与运动锻炼不同，体力活动还包括日常生活中的各种活动，如步行、做家务、工作中的活动、购物等[3]。体力活动根据活动形式、活动强度和能量代谢以及活动目的不同有多种分类方式[4]。具体分类及活动举例见表1。
2　体力活动评估工具
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传统的卡氏功能状态评分（Karnofsky Performance Status,KPS）和东部肿瘤协作组（Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance,ECOG）体力状态评分很难监测到体力活动的动态变化特点。目前，结合了主观与客观的多维度体力活动评估工具已在肿瘤康复评定中得到一些应用。
2.1　主观评估工具
2.1.1　国际体力活动问卷（International Physical Activity Questionnaire,IPAQ）
IPAQ是了解病人近1周的活动天数及每日累计活动时长，按照“MET值×每周频率（每周活动几天）×每天时间（每天活动多少分钟）”的公式来评估每周体力活动的能量消耗，并且对工作、交通、生活、休闲及静态行为进行全方位的评估[5]。该问卷有长卷（IPAQ-LF,27个条目）和短卷（IPAQ-SF,9个条目）两种版本，已在癌症病人中广泛应用，例如用于动态监测乳腺癌病人化疗期间体力活动的变化轨迹[6]。不过，该问卷可能存在回忆偏倚，需要结合客观评估工具进行校正。
2.1.2　明尼苏达闲暇时间体力活动问卷（Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activities Questionnaire,MLTPAQ）
MLTPAQ通过估算能量消耗来评估体力活动情况[7]，该问卷最初包含67项活动，后调整为“9+2”简短版（9项固定活动+2项自填活动），在国际研究中已被广泛应用于评估不同的人群，如探究乳腺癌幸存者体力活动水平与心理神经内分泌状态相关性的研究[8]、抗肿瘤治疗病人的活动监测[9]、癌症幸存者活动水平与生活质量关系的研究[10]。国内学者对其改良后开发了中国版（CLT-PAQ），纳入广场舞、太极、乒乓球等本土活动，同时剔除在我国普及性较低的活动[11]，但是CLT-PAQ的实证研究仍较少，其信效度及临床适用性有待进一步验证。
2.1.3　老年人身体活动量表（Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly,PASE）
PASE最初用于评估65岁以上老年人群的体力活动[12]，包含休闲性、家务性、职业性3个维度共26个条目，并通过加权平均法去计算总分，采取的方式是评估7 d内进行体力活动的持续时间和频率[13]，其临床价值已在老年癌症病人中得到验证，但对非老年人群的适用性不足。然而，肿瘤病人因治疗带来的毒性常出现活动能力下降的负面情况，导致多数病人以低强度活动为主导，并且久坐时间增加，该体力活动特征与老年群体相似，这一共性为PASE的年龄外推应用提供了依据，但是具体情况需要进一步验证以扩大PASE的适用范围。
2.1.4　Godin 闲暇时间锻炼问卷（Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire，GLTEQ）
GLTEQ是通过自我报告的方式评估过去一周单次≥15 min的活动，并按照“9×剧烈活动频率+5×中等活动频率+3×轻度活动频率”公式去计算总分[14]。该工具在肿瘤病人群体中具有较高的适用性与临床价值，并被广泛应用于多发性骨髓瘤[15]、结直肠癌[16]、乳腺癌[17]等病人的体力活动评估及运动干预效果的监测，亦适用于儿童肿瘤病人研究[18]，可作为预后生物标志物的补充评估工具。
2.2　客观评估工具：加速度计
加速度计是一种借助测量三轴（垂直、前后、左右）加速度变化来量化体力活动的可穿戴设备，该设备能够客观地记录活动强度、频率和持续时间，原始加速度数据通过算法可转换为步数、能量消耗、活动强度等体力活动指标，如ActiGraph、GENEActiv等设备。有研究对比了PASE与加速度计在评估癌症病人体力活动水平的一致性，结果显示二者虽然具有一定的相关性，但一致性较低：在基于加速度计的最低体力活动四分位数的101例病人中，有51例也处于基于 PASE评分的最低四分位数，一致性为50%，在基于加速度计的最高体力活动四分位数的100例病人中，有44例也处于基于PASE评分的最高四分位数，一致性为44%[19]。
2.3　临床功能性运动测试
1）6 min步行试验（6MWT）：该测试要求病人在30 m长的直线上尽可能快地行走6 min，记录最终行走的总距离，能有效评估个体的行走能力、心肺耐力和日常活动时的体力状况，具有成本低且操作规范的优势[20]。2）心肺运动试验（CPET）： 采用运动强度递增的方式（如踏车或跑步机），同步测量摄氧量（VO2）、二氧化碳排出量（VCO2）、心电图、通气效率（VE/VCO2斜率）以及血流动力学指标，动态评估心肺功能极限功能和储备能力，核心观测指标为最大摄氧量（VO2max）和无氧阈（AT）[21]。这两项测试在评价病人心肺功能和运动能力方面起到了非常重要的作用，有研究者2023年的随机对照试验证实：含个体化有氧/抗阻训练的家庭预康复能有效提升结直肠癌病人的6MWT距离和CPET的METs，且二者强相关（r=0.767），6MWT和CPET常被联合使用去实现从筛查到深度评估的全流程管理[22]。
2.4　3类工具比较
主观问卷/量表体现病人对自身活动能力的感知，但容易受到回忆偏差的干扰；加速度计记录自然状态下的日常活动模式；功能性测试则在标准化条件下量化生理极限，三者联合使用可以全面评估肿瘤病人的体力活动特征。3类工具比较具体见表2。
3　体力活动对肿瘤病人临床结局的影响
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3.1　体力活动对生存改善的影响
研究表明，未达到世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的体力活动标准会使癌症幸存者的死亡风险上升[23]，一项涉及2 528例病人的研究数据证实，达到体力活动 标准能让全因死亡率、癌症死亡率和心血管死亡率均明显下降[24]。另一项研究显示，在特定肿瘤类型中，生存获益更明显；对399例Ⅲ期结肠癌术后病人的分析显示，高活动量组（≥18 MET-h/week）较对照组肿瘤复发后总生存期延长33%[25]，该研究的结论在I~Ⅲ期结直肠癌队列（n=931）研究中得到进一步验证[26]。除此之外，一项针对1 340例高危乳腺癌病人的研究表明诊断前及诊断后1年体力活动水平均达到指南推荐标准的病人，复发风险[HR=0.59，95%CI（0.42,0.82）]和死亡风险[HR=0.51，95%CI（0.34,0.77）]均降低[27]。
不过，在某些肿瘤群体中研究结论不一致。Ziegler等[28]对1 270例转移性乳腺癌的研究中未发现体力活动与病人生存之间存在关联；而另一项纳入1 440例接受内分泌治疗的晚期病人研究中，达到体力活动标准者的无进展生存期得以延长[17]。
3.2　体力活动对症状的影响
1）控制疼痛：大规模队列研究表明与进行部分体力活动的人群相比，完全不进行体力活动的人群面临更高的疼痛风险[29]；2）缓解功能症状：体力活动水平与身体功能呈正相关，能明显缓解失眠和便秘症状[30]；3）缓解癌因性疲乏：一项针对乳腺癌的多中心前瞻性队列研究表明，体力活动活跃的病人在药物治疗期间疲乏水平明显低于活动减少或维持低活动水平的病人[31]；4）控制化疗相关症状：一项随机对照试验进一步证实，无论是中高强度还是低强度的体力活动均能有效减轻身体疲劳，该研究将接受辅助化疗的病人随机分配到低强度居家运动组、中高强度监督训练组及常规护理组，结果显示相对于常规护理组，前两组病人的恶心和呕吐发生率明显降低[32]；5）优化围术期恢复：含个性化体能训练的术前多模式预康复能使结直肠癌病人术后3 d恢复质量评分提高21.9分，远超临床最小差异阈值[33]。因此，建议在临床实践中将结构化运动方案纳入到癌症幸存者管理计划当中，以优化并提高病人的生活质量。
3.3　体力活动对生活质量的影响
体力活动既能通过直接增强身体机能对生理健康产生正向作用，也能通过间接效应提升生活质量。体力活动水平越高，病人的情绪困扰就越小，从而改善了对自身健康的心理感知，提升了整体生活质量[34]。一项针对4 567例66~98岁的女性癌症幸存者的研究发现，体力活动每周增加30 min与抑郁、焦虑和痛苦的风险降低相关[35]。此外，针对前列腺癌幸存者的定性访谈也显示，体力活动有助于缓解压力，促进放松，提供幸福感和改善情绪[36]。
4　肿瘤病人体力活动的影响因素
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肿瘤病人的体力活动参与率较低，尤其是在肿瘤治疗期间，仅有约16.7%的病人能够保持中等强度体力活动，大部分病人仅进行低强度体力活动，甚至完全不运动[37]，研究发现病人体力活动的影响因素具体如下。
4.1　病人因素
一项基于电子问卷的横断面研究表明，在癌症病人中，年龄是体力活动水平的独立负向预测指标，随着年龄的增长，病人的体力活动水平越低[38]，高龄病人由于生理功能逐渐衰退，运动能力受到限制，在体力活动参与方面，往往呈现出较低的比例。接受过高等教育的病人健康意识和收入水平相对较高，能够更便捷地获取医疗保健服务，更轻松地使用健身中心设施[39]。
除此之外，病人心理因素对体力活动也有一定的影响，肿瘤病人抑郁症和焦虑症的发生率分别高达58.8%和60.0%[40]，负面情绪会引发身体上的疲劳感，进而致使病人活动量减少。自我效能感低下使病人因担心运动损伤或加重病情而回避体力活动，其体力活动水平通常较低[41]。
4.2　疾病及治疗相关因素
晚期肿瘤常伴有代谢相关并发症，如恶病质、肌少症等，可降低骨骼肌质量指数及最大摄氧量，导致运动能力下降；此外，体能状态下降、骨转移病灶导致病理性骨折风险升高也会使得活动减少；有创性医疗装置（如胸腔引流管、腹腔引流管、PICC等）造成的机械性限制及感染顾虑，会使病人主动避免肢体伸展或抗阻运动[42]；在特定的癌种中，乳腺癌病人治疗后常面临淋巴水肿的情况，并因此导致上肢活动受限，迫使其降低运动强度或避免特定动作[41]；在头颈部肿瘤病人中，部分病人会因为术后吞咽障碍及颌面部疼痛[43]，规律进行运动的中断率较其他癌症类型更高。
肿瘤病人所伴随的疾病与体力活动不足之间也存在关联，研究显示60%以上的癌症病人合并慢性病[44]，不仅增加了病人实施体力活动的风险，也导致临床管理更加复杂，对体力活动的效果造成了不利的影响。
4.3　社会支持和环境因素
社会支持是激励病人参与体力活动的关键因素，研究表明构建多维社会支持体系能够明显提高癌症病人的身体活动水平[45]。医护人员对病人关于体力活动的建议能直接影响其进行体力活动的行为，但是高达40%~59%的病人并没有接收到医生关于体力活动的推荐[46]。不同地区间康复资源可及性和文化的差异等也会影响到当地癌症病人的体力活动开展和参与度，如西方理念更偏向于采用积极的运动进行抗癌，建议所有年龄段的人定期进行肌肉强化活动，减少久坐行为[4]；而我国传统观念认为生病后应该静养，对于肿瘤病人及其家属而言，他们可能认为进行体力活动会损耗身体元气，不利于病情恢复，因此对体力活动的接受程度较低。
5　目前研究的局限与未来方向
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5.1　现有研究的局限性
首先，目前关于肿瘤康复体力活动的研究设计比较单一，多数研究采用横断面设计或短期干预试验，缺乏对体力活动效应的长期追踪以及对不同治疗阶段体力活动水平适应性调整动态变化规律的纵向研究，运用推广存在不确定性。其次，相关研究的个体化干预缺失，干预中体力活动的推荐方案大多基于人群的平均水平，并没有充分考虑到肿瘤类型、分期、基因特征及共病状态的异质性。最后，体力活动的跨文化适用性比较弱，欧美国家主导的体力活动干预模式在非西方文化背景下面临着非常明显的实施障碍，例如中国传统文化中“静养”观念与西方“积极运动”理念存在差异，导致部分病人对结构化运动的依从性降低，而本土化运动形式以太极、八段锦等多见，但是这些运动的循证研究相对不足，想要在肿瘤病人中进行推广存在一定的难度。
5.2　未来研究方向
随着体力活动在肿瘤康复中的临床价值逐渐得到证实，其研究重点已经从单纯的验证治疗效果转向如何精确、准确地实施，因此，未来研究需围绕标志物解析、个体化干预及多学科协作三个方面去展开系统性的探索，并借助多方力量去推动政策转化，从而提升肿瘤康复的整体效能。关于标志物的解析可以通过实时监测生物标志物，如循环生物标志物、影像学标志物以及来自可穿戴设备的数据等来构建预测模型，动态评估体力活动干预的效果如何，预测模型的构建可以帮助医生在疾病进展前及时调整干预策略。针对个体化的干预措施，可以将可穿戴设备等客观监测工具与病人主观报告相结合，并且与电子健康档案、基因组数据等信息进行整合，然后构建病人专属的肿瘤康复知识图谱，从而实现个体化干预指导及评估。例如，通过分析术后病人的运动能力、营养状况及心理状态制定分层干预方案。除了以上方法，多学科合作在体力活动的推动上起着积极的作用，可以将多学科协作与技术进行融合：建立包含肿瘤科医师、康复治疗师、营养师及心理医生的肿瘤康复多学科合作团队，并结合可穿戴设备等技术去提升诊疗水平及治疗的效率。最后，重中之重是政策转化，使其更符合我国目前的医疗形势，在我国想要体力活动在肿瘤病人中得到普及，需要推动肿瘤康复服务的标准化和可及性，可以建立社区-医院联动网络，比如在基层医疗机构设立“肿瘤康复驿站”，同时采取培训基层医生、配备康复设备等措施，提升病人的参与度。在此基础上，需完善医保的覆盖范围和康复服务的补贴，确保这样的医疗成果惠及更多的病人。以上一系列措施实施的最终目标是打造覆盖预防、诊断、治疗和康复的完整体系，并且该体系中的各个部分需要紧密相连、相互影响，让肿瘤病人都能够在这个完整的体系中得到及时、有效的康复支持。

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2026年第40卷第9期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.023
  • 接收时间：2025-07-26
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-26
  • 修回日期：2026-03-20
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    1安徽医科大学第一附属医院（肿瘤内科），安徽 230022
    2南通大学附属医院（普外科）

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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