Article(id=1322168801983058149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740153600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-22, revisedDate=1766505600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159207100, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159207100, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159207100, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159207100, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=881, endPage=893, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168802301825254, articleId=1322168801983058149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of causal relationships between mental disorders, insomnia, and irritable bowel syndrome, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the causal relationships between mental disorders,insomnia,and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) approach.

Methods

The primary analysis was conducted using the random-effects inverse variance weighted(IVW) method on genome-wide association study summary data.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic.The horizontal pleiotropy was tested using the intercept from MR-Egger regression.

Results

Forward MR analysis revealed that major depressive disorder,schizophrenia,and insomnia were positively associated with the increased risk of IBS(all P<0.05).Reverse MR analysis indicated that IBS was positively associated with the increased risk of major depressive disorder and insomnia (all P<0.05).Cochran's Q test in the forward MR analysis showed heterogeneity in the causal estimates for the genetic instruments of schizophrenia,insomnia,and bipolar disorder,while no heterogeneity was observed for other outcomes.MR-Egger regression indicated no significant horizontal pleiotropy for any of the results(P>0.05).

Conclusion

Major depressive disorder,schizophrenia, and insomnia have causal associations with IBS.

, authors=Zhean HE, Chaoqun DONG, Yingying HUANG, Jing LIN, Xiaoyi LU, Xinnan MAO, Shimeng DAI, Hailu SONG, Mengli XU, Sisi JIANG, authorsList=Zhean HE, Chaoqun DONG, Yingying HUANG, Jing LIN, Xiaoyi LU, Xinnan MAO, Shimeng DAI, Hailu SONG, Mengli XU, Sisi JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Sisi JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIANG Sisi, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168806408048891, articleId=1322168801983058149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征间的双向双样本孟德尔随机化因果关系研究, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

采用双向双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)方法分析精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征(IBS)之间的因果关系。

方法

主要采用随机效应逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted,IVW)对全基因组关联研究汇总数据进行分析,采用Cochran's Q统计量进行异质性检验,采用MR-Egger回归法截距检验水平多效性。

结果

正向MR分析结果显示,重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠与IBS发病风险增加呈正相关(均P<0.05),反向MR分析结果显示,IBS与重度抑郁症、失眠发病风险增加呈正相关(均P<0.05),正向MR分析中,Cochran's Q检验显示精神分裂症、失眠和双相情感障碍的遗传工具个体因果估计存在异质性,其他结果均无异质性,MR-Egger回归法显示,结果均无水平多效性(P>0.05)。

结论

重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠与IBS存在因果关联。

, authors=何哲安, 董超群, 黄莹莹, 林静, 陆晓毅, 毛欣楠, 戴诗梦, 宋海璐, 徐梦莉, 江思思*, *, authorsList=何哲安, 董超群, 黄莹莹, 林静, 陆晓毅, 毛欣楠, 戴诗梦, 宋海璐, 徐梦莉, 江思思, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=江思思, authorNote=

何哲安,护士,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
江思思,E-mail:
JIANG Sisi, E-mail:
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doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=41, issue=3, pageStart=390, pageEnd=393, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=ORR W C, CROWELL M D, LIN B, journalName=Gut, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORR W C,CROWELL M D,LIN B,et al.Sleep and gastric function in irritable bowel syndrome:derailing the brain-gut axis[J].Gut,1997,41(3):390-393., articleTitle=Sleep and gastric function in irritable bowel syndrome:derailing the brain-gut axis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530553061032003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=TU Q, HEITKEMPER M M, JARRETT M E, journalName=Neurogastroenterology and Motility, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TU Q,HEITKEMPER M M,JARRETT M E,et al.Sleep disturbances in irritable bowel syndrome:a systematic 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articleId=1322168801983058149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=17, issue=5, pageStart=27, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=SEVERANCE E G, PRANDOVSZKY E, CASTIGLIONE J, journalName=Current Psychiatry Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEVERANCE E G,PRANDOVSZKY E,CASTIGLIONE J,et al.Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia:why the gut matters[J].Current Psychiatry Reports,2015,17(5):27., articleTitle=Gastroenterology issues in schizophrenia:why the gut matters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530553249775686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=23, issue=3, pageStart=265, pageEnd=268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=43, rfOrder=42, authorNames=GUPTA S, MASAND P S, KAPLAN D, journalName=Schizophrenia Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUPTA S,MASAND P S,KAPLAN D,et al.The relationship between schizophrenia and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)[J].Schizophrenia Research,1997,23(3):265-268., articleTitle=The relationship between schizophrenia and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530544856974280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530544865362889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, companyId=1322530544856974280, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530544873751498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, companyId=1322530544856974280, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, 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(①为相关性假设内容;②为独立性假设内容;③为排他性假设内容)

, figureFileSmall=W9GNIDymroMw0Pertf0u1g==, figureFileBig=v333Rw5pzeBtfTpu+Iv+9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530548824784906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Results of three MR methods analyzing the associations between seven mental disorders,insomnia and IBS, figureFileSmall=bzZwGMDxmvBRv1nmAQ6mDg==, figureFileBig=oQYs261KgfS7X8pC1ycmEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530548900282379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图2, caption=7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的3种MR法分析, figureFileSmall=bzZwGMDxmvBRv1nmAQ6mDg==, figureFileBig=oQYs261KgfS7X8pC1ycmEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530548963196940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Scatter plots of the causal effects between seven mental disorders,insomnia and IBS, figureFileSmall=+8QnNS6cnlx9gv7I0/GtrQ==, figureFileBig=/QWlGbkYG8kJfP+OZf+EfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549026111501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图3, caption=7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的因果效应散点图

(A为阿尔茨海默病与IBS因果效应散点图;B为多动症与IBS因果效应散点图;C为焦虑症与IBS因果效应散点图;D为精神分裂症与IBS因果效应散点图;E为帕金森病与IBS因果效应散点图;F为双相情感障碍与IBS因果效应散点图;G为重度抑郁症与IBS因果效应散点图;H为失眠与IBS因果效应散点图)

, figureFileSmall=+8QnNS6cnlx9gv7I0/GtrQ==, figureFileBig=/QWlGbkYG8kJfP+OZf+EfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549080637454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations between seven mental disorders,insomnia and IBS, figureFileSmall=F8iB+C9vH4ziEuNo3opr4g==, figureFileBig=z3X8V2kCfZCtlfb48l/q6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549151940623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图4, caption=7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的留一法敏感性分析

(A为阿尔茨海默病与IBS的留一法敏感性分析;B为多动症与IBS的留一法敏感性分析;

, figureFileSmall=F8iB+C9vH4ziEuNo3opr4g==, figureFileBig=z3X8V2kCfZCtlfb48l/q6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549231632400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Results of three MR methods analyzing the associations between IBS and seven mental disorders,insomnia, figureFileSmall=kDwhF2dBefvte09D7EHdjw==, figureFileBig=6kJoVhqHU2GIGPUu7oikCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549294546961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图5, caption=IBS与7种精神疾病及失眠的3种MR法分析结果, figureFileSmall=kDwhF2dBefvte09D7EHdjw==, figureFileBig=6kJoVhqHU2GIGPUu7oikCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549395210258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Scatter plots of the causal effects between IBS and seven mental disorders,insomnia, figureFileSmall=QIkl26AH7MYu3cCcFJ6U6A==, figureFileBig=duyqYP+ioyGnAgbk7plChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549453930515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图6, caption=IBS与7种精神疾病及失眠因果效应散点图

(A为IBS与阿尔茨海默病因果效应散点图;B为IBS与多动症因果效应散点图;C为IBS与焦虑症因果效应散点图;D为IBS与精神分裂症因果效应散点图;E为IBS与帕金森病因果效应散点图;F为IBS与双相情感障碍因果效应散点图;G为IBS与重度抑郁症因果效应散点图;H为IBS与失眠因果效应散点图)

, figureFileSmall=QIkl26AH7MYu3cCcFJ6U6A==, figureFileBig=duyqYP+ioyGnAgbk7plChQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549516845076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 7, caption=Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for the associations between IBS and seven mental disorders,insomnia, figureFileSmall=e1ESWvRhc/3NkmSwPfD+Rw==, figureFileBig=qTZkFeN9Hg5P9XJNAWxYUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549583953941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图7, caption=IBS与7种精神疾病及失眠的留一法敏感性分析

(A为IBS与阿尔茨海默病的留一法敏感性分析;B为IBS与多动症的留一法敏感性分析;C为IBS与焦虑症的留一法敏感性分析;D为IBS与精神分裂症的留一法敏感性分析;E为IBS与帕金森病的留一法敏感性分析;F为IBS与双相情感障碍的留一法敏感性分析;G为IBS与重度抑郁症的留一法敏感性分析;H为IBS与失眠的留一法敏感性分析)

, figureFileSmall=e1ESWvRhc/3NkmSwPfD+Rw==, figureFileBig=qTZkFeN9Hg5P9XJNAWxYUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549651062806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Funnel plot of between seven mental disorders,insomnia and IBS, figureFileSmall=Lh/h1+aRTXuC/BeeBO6s0A==, figureFileBig=2AfO/SsrS56jKjptQ7PHfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549718171671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图8, caption=7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的漏斗图

(A为阿尔茨海默病与IBS漏斗图;B为多动症与IBS漏斗图;C为焦虑症与IBS漏斗图;D为精神分裂症与IBS漏斗图;E为帕金森病与IBS漏斗图;F为双相情感障碍与IBS漏斗图;G为重度抑郁症与IBS漏斗图;H为失眠与IBS漏斗图)

, figureFileSmall=Lh/h1+aRTXuC/BeeBO6s0A==, figureFileBig=2AfO/SsrS56jKjptQ7PHfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549776891928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Figure 9, caption=Funnel plot of between IBS and seven mental disorders,insomnia, figureFileSmall=be+LzZbJVnqLI912d8Uz6A==, figureFileBig=Xb9d2Gg0M/WL2nbSnN643Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549839806489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=图9, caption=IBS与7种精神疾病及失眠的漏斗图

(A为IBS与阿尔茨海默病漏斗图;B为IBS与多动症漏斗图;C为IBS与焦虑症漏斗图;D为IBS与精神分裂症漏斗图;E为IBS与帕金森病漏斗图;F为IBS与双相情感障碍漏斗图;G为IBS与重度抑郁症漏斗图;H为IBS与失眠漏斗图)

, figureFileSmall=be+LzZbJVnqLI912d8Uz6A==, figureFileBig=Xb9d2Gg0M/WL2nbSnN643Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530549902721050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

GWAS data in the MR study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型数据来源样本量(例)SNP(个)人群数据编号
阿尔茨海默病IEU488 28512 321 875欧洲人ieu-b-5067
多动症IEU55 3748 047 420欧洲人ieu-a-1183
焦虑症UKB361 1949 440 635欧洲人ukb-d-KRA_PSY_ANXIETY
精神分裂症IEU155 2697 811 018欧洲人35396580
帕金森病IEU482 73017 891 936欧洲人ieu-b-7
双相情感障碍IEU51 71013 413 244欧洲人31043756
重度抑郁症PGC+UKB500 1998 493 302欧洲人30718901
失眠IEU462 3419 851 867欧洲人ukb-b-3957
IBSFinnGen Biobank86 289520 210欧洲人K11_IBS
), ArticleFig(id=1322530549969829915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168801983058149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MR研究中GWAS相关数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
表型数据来源样本量(例)SNP(个)人群数据编号
阿尔茨海默病IEU488 28512 321 875欧洲人ieu-b-5067
多动症IEU55 3748 047 420欧洲人ieu-a-1183
焦虑症UKB361 1949 440 635欧洲人ukb-d-KRA_PSY_ANXIETY
精神分裂症IEU155 2697 811 018欧洲人35396580
帕金森病IEU482 73017 891 936欧洲人ieu-b-7
双相情感障碍IEU51 71013 413 244欧洲人31043756
重度抑郁症PGC+UKB500 1998 493 302欧洲人30718901
失眠IEU462 3419 851 867欧洲人ukb-b-3957
IBSFinnGen Biobank86 289520 210欧洲人K11_IBS
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精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征间的双向双样本孟德尔随机化因果关系研究
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何哲安 , 董超群 , 黄莹莹 , 林静 , 陆晓毅 , 毛欣楠 , 戴诗梦 , 宋海璐 , 徐梦莉 , 江思思 *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(6): 881-893
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (6) : 881 -893
精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征间的双向双样本孟德尔随机化因果关系研究
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何哲安, 董超群, 黄莹莹, 林静, 陆晓毅, 毛欣楠, 戴诗梦, 宋海璐, 徐梦莉, 江思思*, *
作者信息
  • 1温州医科大学护理学院,浙江 325035
通讯作者:
江思思,E-mail:
JIANG Sisi, E-mail:
作者简介:

何哲安,护士,硕士研究生在读

Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of causal relationships between mental disorders, insomnia, and irritable bowel syndrome
Zhean HE, Chaoqun DONG, Yingying HUANG, Jing LIN, Xiaoyi LU, Xinnan MAO, Shimeng DAI, Hailu SONG, Mengli XU, Sisi JIANG
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    JIANG Sisi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.001
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目的

采用双向双样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)方法分析精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征(IBS)之间的因果关系。

方法

主要采用随机效应逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted,IVW)对全基因组关联研究汇总数据进行分析,采用Cochran's Q统计量进行异质性检验,采用MR-Egger回归法截距检验水平多效性。

结果

正向MR分析结果显示,重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠与IBS发病风险增加呈正相关(均P<0.05),反向MR分析结果显示,IBS与重度抑郁症、失眠发病风险增加呈正相关(均P<0.05),正向MR分析中,Cochran's Q检验显示精神分裂症、失眠和双相情感障碍的遗传工具个体因果估计存在异质性,其他结果均无异质性,MR-Egger回归法显示,结果均无水平多效性(P>0.05)。

结论

重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠与IBS存在因果关联。

精神疾病  /  失眠  /  肠易激综合征  /  孟德尔随机化  /  因果关系
Objective

To analyze the causal relationships between mental disorders,insomnia,and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) approach.

Methods

The primary analysis was conducted using the random-effects inverse variance weighted(IVW) method on genome-wide association study summary data.Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q statistic.The horizontal pleiotropy was tested using the intercept from MR-Egger regression.

Results

Forward MR analysis revealed that major depressive disorder,schizophrenia,and insomnia were positively associated with the increased risk of IBS(all P<0.05).Reverse MR analysis indicated that IBS was positively associated with the increased risk of major depressive disorder and insomnia (all P<0.05).Cochran's Q test in the forward MR analysis showed heterogeneity in the causal estimates for the genetic instruments of schizophrenia,insomnia,and bipolar disorder,while no heterogeneity was observed for other outcomes.MR-Egger regression indicated no significant horizontal pleiotropy for any of the results(P>0.05).

Conclusion

Major depressive disorder,schizophrenia, and insomnia have causal associations with IBS.

mental disorders  /  insomnia  /  irritable bowel syndrome  /  Mendelian randomization  /  causal relationship
何哲安, 董超群, 黄莹莹, 林静, 陆晓毅, 毛欣楠, 戴诗梦, 宋海璐, 徐梦莉, 江思思. 精神疾病及失眠与肠易激综合征间的双向双样本孟德尔随机化因果关系研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 881 -893 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.001
Zhean HE, Chaoqun DONG, Yingying HUANG, Jing LIN, Xiaoyi LU, Xinnan MAO, Shimeng DAI, Hailu SONG, Mengli XU, Sisi JIANG. Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of causal relationships between mental disorders, insomnia, and irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 881 -893 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.001
肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是以反复发作的腹痛伴有排便习惯和频率改变为典型症状的功能性肠病[1],全球患病率较高[2-3]。已有研究发现,脑-肠轴功能失调及其引发的多维度病理生理机制改变可能是IBS核心症状产生的关键,该过程涉及神经内分泌、免疫调节及肠道微生态等因素的交互作用[4]。遗传结构分析结果显示,IBS与精神疾病在基因层面存在关联,在已识别的IBS相关基因区域中,一半以上基因组位点与焦虑症、重度抑郁症、双相情感障碍及精神分裂症等精神疾病存在共享遗传基础[5]。IBS病人中抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率分别为84%和44%[6]。炎症性肠病与痴呆(包括阿尔茨海默病)的相关性研究提示,慢性炎症可能是促进此类脑-肠互动异常的关键因素[7]。尤其是IBS与精神疾病共存时,病人胃肠道症状会表现得更为严重,且存在更高的致残风险[8]。鉴于失眠常与抑郁症等多种精神疾病共现[9-11],有学者指出,失眠可能是IBS发病机制的重要环节[12-13]。目前,关于IBS与精神疾病及失眠之间关系的研究主要为观察性研究及队列研究[14-19],存在潜在混杂因素和反向因果关系的风险,易造成研究结果偏倚。孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)是一种以单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)为工具变量(instrumental variables,IV)分析暴露因素与研究结局是否存在因果关系的方法。该方法有利于规避传统研究方法中可能存在的干扰因素,提升研究的科学性与可信度。本研究拟利用MR技术探讨7种精神疾病和失眠与IBS的因果关系,以期为临床制定精确化的IBS综合管理措施提供参考依据。
MR涉及3个重要假设。1)相关性假设:工具变量与暴露密切相关;2)独立性假设:工具变量独立于与结果相关的潜在混杂因素;3)排他性假设:工具变量与结果之间没有直接关系[20]。精神疾病和失眠与IBS的双向MR流程见图1。
采用的IBS数据源自芬兰数据库(FinnGen Biobank)[21]的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study,GWAS)荟萃分析,共纳入86 289例病人和520 210个SNP。研究纳入的具体精神疾病包括精神分裂症、多动症、双相情感障碍、重度抑郁症、焦虑症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病,并整合了失眠相关数据。精神疾病与失眠相关数据来源于布里斯托大学MRC综合流行病学单位(IEU)开发的摘要数据集、英国生物库(UKB)数据及精神病基因组学联盟(PGC)数据库。所有数据集均来自同一人群,满足双向MR的基本要求。汇总数据详细信息见表1。
选择合适的工具变量进行MR分析。采用阈值(P<5×10-8)筛选与暴露因素相关的SNP,当工具变量数量不足时,参考同类研究的方法学建议[22-24],将筛选阈值调整至P<1×10-5。为确保所选SNP的独立性,进行连锁不平衡(LD)(r2<0.001,kb=10 000)以修剪SNP。通过上述筛选过程获得的工具能有效避免混杂因素对暴露与结局的干扰,并降低潜在的偏倚风险。本研究通过F统计量计算每个SNP的强度,F计算公式为:F=[(n-k-1)/k]×r2/(1-r2),其中,r2表示每个SNP解释的暴露方差,n表示暴露数据样本数,k表示SNP个数,选择F统计量>10的SNP,以控制工具变量偏倚。
采用R 4.4.2软件中的Two Sample MR 软件包进行MR分析,主要运用随机效应逆方差加权法(inverse variance weighted,IVW)、MR-Egger回归法、加权中位数法(weighted median,WM)检验7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的双向因果关系。其中,IVW在假设工具变量(SNP)均有效的前提下具有最高的统计效能,确定为主要分析方法。为验证结果的可靠性,采用MR-Egger回归法、WM作为补充方法。MR-Egger回归法通过偏倚调整估计解决水平多效性,尽管总体功效较低且模型假设要求更严格[25],但能有效识别和调整潜在的多效性偏倚;WM则在超过50%的工具变量有效时能够提供更具统计效能的因果效应估计[26]。
采用多重统计方法进行敏感性分析。首先,采用Cochrane's Q检验对结果进行异质性检验;其次,通过MR-Egger回归法分析水平多效性,以P<0.05为有统计学意义,并采用比值比(odds ratio,OR)和95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)量化因果关系强度。研究采用留一法检验分析单个SNP对MR结果是否产生影响,以进一步验证结果的稳定性。通过观察漏斗图的对称性检查可能潜在的水平多效性,以衡量当前MR分析结果的可靠性。
在正向MR分析中共纳入413个与精神分裂症、72个与多动症、128个与双相情感障碍、200个与重度抑郁症、30个与焦虑症、66个与帕金森病、41个与阿尔茨海默病、201个与失眠相关的SNP作为工具变量;在反向MR分析中共纳入26个与精神分裂症、20个与多动症、31个与双相情感障碍、33个与重度抑郁症、33个与焦虑症、28个与帕金森病、30个与阿尔茨海默病、33个与失眠相关的SNP作为工具变量。
以7种精神疾病及失眠为暴露因素,以IBS为结局,IVW法显示重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠与IBS发病风险增加呈正相关(P<0.05),且3种MR分析方法结果因果方向相同,均提示重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠会增加IBS的发病风险。Cochran's Q检验显示,重度抑郁症的遗传工具无潜在的异质性(P>0.05),但精神分裂症、失眠的遗传工具个体因果估计存在异质性(P<0.05)。MR-Egger回归法显示,重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠的遗传工具均无水平多效性(P>0.05)。留一法检验重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠逐个剔除单个SNP后,剩余SNP的MR分析结果均在0的右侧,提示不存在对因果关联影响较大的SNP,研究结果较为稳健。IVW法显示剩余5种精神疾病均与IBS无发病关联(P>0.05)。7种精神疾病及失眠与IBS的3种MR法分析结果见图2,精神疾病及失眠与IBS因果效应散点图见图3,精神疾病及失眠与IBS的留一法敏感性分析结果见图4。
以IBS为暴露因素,以7种精神疾病及失眠为结局,IVW结果显示,IBS与重度抑郁症及失眠发病风险增加呈正相关(P<0.05)。Cochran's Q检验显示,重度抑郁症及失眠的遗传工具无潜在的异质性。MR-Egger回归法显示,重度抑郁症及失眠的遗传工具无水平多效性(P>0.05)。留一法检验重度抑郁症及失眠逐个剔除单个SNP后,剩余SNP的MR分析结果均在0的右侧,提示不存在对因果关联影响较大的SNP,研究结果稳健。IVW还显示IBS与其余6种精神疾病无关联(P>0.05),且Cochran's Q检验和MR-Egger回归法均提示结果无异质性和水平多效性(P>0.05)。IBS与7种精神疾病及失眠的3种MR法分析结果见图5,IBS与精神疾病及失眠因果效应散点图见图6,IBS与精神疾病及失眠的留一法敏感性分析结果见图7。
MR-Egger回归法表明MR分析结果均不存在水平多效性(P>0.05)。精神疾病及失眠对IBS的因果影响分析中,Cochran's Q检验显示,精神分裂症、失眠的遗传工具个体因果估计存在异质性(P<0.05),其他结果无异质性(P>0.05)。精神分裂症和失眠相关受体存在异质性可能是因个别样本量相互作用导致。留一法敏感性分析结果漏斗图(见图8、图9)未显示异常,说明不存在偏倚的SNP。敏感性分析显示结果具有一定的稳定性和可靠性。
本研究基于全基因组关联数据集采用双向双样本MR分析探索精神疾病及失眠与IBS的因果关联。结果表明,重度抑郁症、精神分裂症、失眠会增加IBS的发病风险,而IBS也会增加重度抑郁症及失眠的发生风险,这些发现强调了精神疾病和失眠与IBS发生发展之间的重要关系。
MR分析支持了IBS和重度抑郁症间的双向因果关联,印证了既往研究关于两者间存在共病现象的结论[27-28]。Aziz等[29]研究发现,IBS可能会导致重度抑郁症发生,并提出了微生物组-肠-脑轴交互模式。已有研究显示,IBS症状与肠道微生物群组的变化紧密相关[30],通过口服抗生素干扰小鼠的肠道微生物群,可改变小鼠神经系统功能以产生行为变化[31]。Tillisch等[32]研究发现,益生菌可适当缓解IBS症状,益生菌的应用也可使大脑中负责感知和情感处理的区域发生改变。且研究发现,与健康人群相比,重度抑郁症病人发生IBS的相对风险(relative risk,RR)大约增加1倍[33]。Zamani等[34]研究指出,超过25%的IBS病人自述经历过抑郁症状困扰,相较于健康人群和炎症性肠病病人,IBS病人的抑郁程度通常更为严重[8,18,35],进一步说明重度抑郁症与IBS间存在着密切关联。提示在治疗IBS 病人时,精神健康问题(如重度抑郁症)应被纳入综合管理。
本研究结果显示,失眠是IBS发生的独立危险因素。张凯等[36]研究结果显示,失眠会导致IBS发病风险增高。Rotem等[37]报道,IBS病人会出现睡眠质量受损、慢波睡眠活动减少和明显的睡眠碎片化症状。Lee等[38]的研究结果显示,失眠者的IBS发病风险是未失眠者的1.81倍。目前,有关失眠导致IBS发病风险增高的机制尚不清楚,部分研究者认为原因可能是失眠会导致压力反应慢性激活、代谢率增加等自主神经系统活动[39],进一步导致IBS发生、发展[40],该机制支持了睡眠障碍与胃肠疾病间的生物学联系,强调了干预失眠症状对缓解IBS的重要性。此外,睡眠不足会导致肠道黏膜出现炎症性改变[41]。
本研究MR分析揭示了精神分裂症可能是IBS的潜在危险因素。精神分裂症作为一种慢性疾病,与并发躯体疾病的高风险相关,同时脑-肠轴相互作用可能在精神分裂症发病中起关键作用[42]。Lee等[14]研究表明,5年IBS队列和非IBS队列间的精神分裂症发病率差异无统计学意义,但Gupta等[43]研究表明,精神分裂症组患IBS的风险较高,与本研究结果相似,这为进一步探索该病理机制提供了新思路。
本研究存在一定的局限性:首先,研究对象为欧洲人群,仍需进一步探讨该发现是否适用于我国人群;其次,研究存在异质性,仍需更大样本量、分层更细化的表型数据和更严谨的统计方法进一步对结果进行验证;此外,GWAS可为精神疾病及失眠与IBS有关的遗传基因提供新见解,尽管MR方法能够控制部分混杂因素,但需要更深入的机制研究证实两者间关系;最后,研究采用了宽松的显著性阈值旨在纳入更多与IBS相关的SNP。
本研究阐明了IBS与重度抑郁症及失眠间的因果关联,提示精神分裂症病人可能面临较高的IBS发生风险。在临床实践中,有必要对IBS病人实施早期筛查,及时识别和预防潜在的精神疾病和失眠问题。采用多学科合作方式进行综合治疗,不仅有利于改善病人整体健康状况,还能有效缓解IBS的临床症状,从而提升病人的生活质量,优化治疗效果。

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2026年第40卷第6期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.001
  • 接收时间:2025-02-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22
  • 修回日期:2025-12-24
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    1温州医科大学护理学院,浙江 325035

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江思思,E-mail:
JIANG Sisi, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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