Article(id=1322168776825614614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168481081049284, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755273600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-16, revisedDate=1774281600000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159201102, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159201102, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159201102, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159201102, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168481081049284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='9', pageStart='1425', pageEnd='1616', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159130592, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159130592, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1467, endPage=1480, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168779249922327, articleId=1322168776825614614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Change trajectories of needs and influencing factors in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a longitudinal study, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the dynamic change trajectories of disease information needs,psychological needs, and social needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and to identify the influencing factors for each trajectory category, thereby providing a basis for developing precise clinical interventions.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 146 breast cancer patients undergoing their first chemotherapy session.A longitudinal follow-up survey was conducted over eight chemotherapy cycles(T1-T8) using the Breast Cancer Patients Needs Scale and the Benefit Finding Scale. Latent class growth modeling was applied to analyze the change trajectories of the three types of needs, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the trajectory categories.

Results

The three types of needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy all showed a declining trend with population heterogeneity:1) Two trajectory categories were identified for disease information needs:low information needs declining group(58.2%) and high information needs declining group(41.8%);2) Three trajectory categories were identified for psychological needs: low psychological needs group(35.6%),moderate psychological needs group(41.8%),and high psychological needs group(22.6%);3) Two trajectory categories were identified for social needs:low social needs group(69.2%) and high social needs group(30.8%).Multivariate analysis showed that surgery and benefit finding were influencing factors for the disease information needs trajectory(both P<0.05);comorbidities with other chronic diseases and benefit finding were influencing factors for the psychological needs trajectory(both P<0.05);comorbidities with other chronic diseases,metastasis,and benefit finding were influencing factors for the social needs trajectory(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The change trajectories of the three types of needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy exhibit population heterogeneity.And they are influenced by different factors.Clinical staff can combine the characteristics of patients' need trajectories and influencing factors to implement targeted interventions, continuously meeting patients' dynamic needs.

, authors=Ying ZHAO1, 2, Fei HUANG1, Yingjia XU3, Mingya LI1, Yan LU4, authorsList=Ying ZHAO, Fei HUANG, Yingjia XU, Mingya LI, Yan LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168781586149665, articleId=1322168776825614614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=乳腺癌化疗病人需求变化轨迹及影响因素的纵向研究, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求、心理需求及社会需求的动态变化轨迹,并明确各轨迹类别的影响因素,为临床制定精准化干预措施提供依据。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取146例乳腺癌首次化疗病人,采用乳腺癌病人需求量表、益处发现量表在8个化疗周期(T1~T8)进行纵向随访调查。运用潜类别增长模型分析3类需求的变化轨迹,采用多分类Logistic回归探讨轨迹类别的影响因素。

结果

乳腺癌化疗病人3类需求均呈下降趋势且存在群体异质性:1)疾病信息需求识别出2个轨迹类别,即低信息需求下降组(58.2%)、高信息需求下降组(41.8%);2)心理需求识别出3个轨迹类别,即低心理需求组(35.6%)、中心理需求组(41.8%)、高心理需求组(22.6%);3)社会需求识别出2个潜在剖面,即低社会需求组(69.2%)、高社会需求组(30.8%)。多因素分析显示,手术、益处发现是疾病信息需求轨迹的影响因素(均P<0.05);合并其他慢性病、益处发现是心理需求轨迹的影响因素(均P<0.05);合并其他慢性病、转移、益处发现是社会需求类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。

结论

乳腺癌化疗病人3类需求的变化轨迹具有群体异质性,且受不同因素影响,临床医护人员可结合病人需求轨迹特征及影响因素,实施针对性干预,持续满足病人动态需求。

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赵映,硕士研究生,主管护师

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黄菲,E-mail:hf-
HUANG Fei, E-mail: hf-
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label=Figure 2, caption=Trajectory plot of disease information needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, figureFileSmall=rYislwT16tFdwPFFS8U9Zw==, figureFileBig=otDMDN9TUKchqvT8h3Ng6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205015257290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求轨迹图, figureFileSmall=rYislwT16tFdwPFFS8U9Zw==, figureFileBig=otDMDN9TUKchqvT8h3Ng6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205078171851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Trajectory plot of psychological needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, figureFileSmall=A2+hKnrh367jnQDAkBKvQg==, figureFileBig=Pvt2gNE97QYLxU/GhAq9FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205191418060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求轨迹图, figureFileSmall=A2+hKnrh367jnQDAkBKvQg==, figureFileBig=Pvt2gNE97QYLxU/GhAq9FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205283692749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Response probabilities of nine items for social needs across two profiles in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, figureFileSmall=ULrWUgIXfASoe3RCnw1AQQ==, figureFileBig=tMpczZE24fbZKKsMrbMSyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205338218702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求2个剖面在9个条目上的应答概率, figureFileSmall=ULrWUgIXfASoe3RCnw1AQQ==, figureFileBig=tMpczZE24fbZKKsMrbMSyQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531205392744655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of survey participants(n=146)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数(%)项目分类例数(%)
年龄≤40岁25(17.1)人均月收入≤1 000元30(20.5)
>40~50岁55(37.7)>1 000~3 000元57(39.0)
>50~60岁50(34.2)>3 000~5 000元30(20.5)
>60岁16(11.0)>5 000元29(19.9)
婚姻状况已婚138(94.5)其他慢性病有47(32.2)
未婚/丧偶/离异8(5.5)无99(67.8)
文化程度小学及以下43(29.5)癌症家族史有43(29.5)
初中45(30.8)无103(70.5)
高中或中专38(26.0)确诊时间≤7 d59(40.4)
专科及以上20(13.7)>7~<15 d37(25.3)
工作状态在职46(31.5)>15~28 d38(26.0)
非在职100(68.5)>28 d12(8.2)
居住地农村34(23.3)病理类型浸润性导管癌133(91.1)
城市112(76.7)浸润性小叶癌3(2.1)
生育情况无子女3(2.1)其他10(6.8)
独生子女73(50.5)临床分期Ⅰ期11(7.5)
多子女70(47.9)Ⅱ期92(63.0)
主要照顾者本人8(5.5)Ⅲ期43(29.5)
配偶97(66.4)肿瘤位置左侧72(49.3)
子女26(17.8)右侧74(50.7)
父母7(4.8)手术是79(54.1)
其他8(5.5)否67(45.9)
支付方式居民医保80(54.8)转移是67(45.9)
职工医保45(30.8)否79(54.1)
商业保险2(1.4)联合靶向治疗是43(29.5)
居民医保和商业保险10(6.8)否103(70.5)
职工医保和商业保险9(6.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205459853520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象的一般资料(n=146)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数(%)项目分类例数(%)
年龄≤40岁25(17.1)人均月收入≤1 000元30(20.5)
>40~50岁55(37.7)>1 000~3 000元57(39.0)
>50~60岁50(34.2)>3 000~5 000元30(20.5)
>60岁16(11.0)>5 000元29(19.9)
婚姻状况已婚138(94.5)其他慢性病有47(32.2)
未婚/丧偶/离异8(5.5)无99(67.8)
文化程度小学及以下43(29.5)癌症家族史有43(29.5)
初中45(30.8)无103(70.5)
高中或中专38(26.0)确诊时间≤7 d59(40.4)
专科及以上20(13.7)>7~<15 d37(25.3)
工作状态在职46(31.5)>15~28 d38(26.0)
非在职100(68.5)>28 d12(8.2)
居住地农村34(23.3)病理类型浸润性导管癌133(91.1)
城市112(76.7)浸润性小叶癌3(2.1)
生育情况无子女3(2.1)其他10(6.8)
独生子女73(50.5)临床分期Ⅰ期11(7.5)
多子女70(47.9)Ⅱ期92(63.0)
主要照顾者本人8(5.5)Ⅲ期43(29.5)
配偶97(66.4)肿瘤位置左侧72(49.3)
子女26(17.8)右侧74(50.7)
父母7(4.8)手术是79(54.1)
其他8(5.5)否67(45.9)
支付方式居民医保80(54.8)转移是67(45.9)
职工医保45(30.8)否79(54.1)
商业保险2(1.4)联合靶向治疗是43(29.5)
居民医保和商业保险10(6.8)否103(70.5)
职工医保和商业保险9(6.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205552128209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores of needs in breast cancer patients at different time points(x±s,n=146)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间点总分疾病信息需求心理需求社会需求
T1127.62±18.9977.06±12.4124.12±5.5226.44±5.51
T2124.17±19.1374.34±10.8423.83±5.7026.01±5.84
T3117.66±19.6469.36±11.5622.99±5.2625.30±5.56
T4106.36±13.1260.73±7.4321.56±4.1124.08±4.78
T5100.92±10.9357.62±6.2220.19±3.5423.12±3.86
T692.62±8.2252.38±5.0218.84±2.8421.41±3.26
T787.50±6.8949.01±4.2817.95±2.6920.53±3.18
T887.19±8.1249.46±5.2217.57±2.6220.17±3.05
F值439.057427.136174.848142.672
P<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205627625682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乳腺癌病人化疗不同时间需求得分(x±s,n=146)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间点总分疾病信息需求心理需求社会需求
T1127.62±18.9977.06±12.4124.12±5.5226.44±5.51
T2124.17±19.1374.34±10.8423.83±5.7026.01±5.84
T3117.66±19.6469.36±11.5622.99±5.2625.30±5.56
T4106.36±13.1260.73±7.4321.56±4.1124.08±4.78
T5100.92±10.9357.62±6.2220.19±3.5423.12±3.86
T692.62±8.2252.38±5.0218.84±2.8421.41±3.26
T787.50±6.8949.01±4.2817.95±2.6920.53±3.18
T887.19±8.1249.46±5.2217.57±2.6220.17±3.05
F值439.057427.136174.848142.672
P<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205715706067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Fit indices of the latent class growth model for disease information needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
18 089.2078 119.0438 087.399
27 763.5887 802.3757 761.2370.8490.039<0.00158.2/41.8
37 621.3527 669.0907 618.4580.8940.120<0.00139.0/11.7/49.3
47 571.8847 628.5737 568.4480.8420.531<0.0017.5/26.0/43.2/23.3
57 532.6887 598.3287 528.7100.8630.081<0.0014.8/7.5/22.6/34.9/30.2
67 518.7507 593.3407 514.2290.8760.086<0.00121.9/30.1/4.8/7.5/1.4/34.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205787009236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求潜类别增长模型拟合情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
18 089.2078 119.0438 087.399
27 763.5887 802.3757 761.2370.8490.039<0.00158.2/41.8
37 621.3527 669.0907 618.4580.8940.120<0.00139.0/11.7/49.3
47 571.8847 628.5737 568.4480.8420.531<0.0017.5/26.0/43.2/23.3
57 532.6887 598.3287 528.7100.8630.081<0.0014.8/7.5/22.6/34.9/30.2
67 518.7507 593.3407 514.2290.8760.086<0.00121.9/30.1/4.8/7.5/1.4/34.3
), ArticleFig(id=1322531205925421270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fit indices of the latent class growth model for psychological needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
16 486.2306 516.0666 484.422
25 814.3495 853.1365 811.9980.9250.016<0.00156.2/43.8
35 526.5675 574.3055 523.6740.9340.024<0.00141.8/22.6/35.6
45 428.9035 485.5915 425.4670.9150.718<0.00133.6/19.9/34.9/11.6
55 359.4305 425.0695 355.4510.9400.017<0.0018.9/17.8/33.6/32.9/6.8
65 315.3775 389.9685 310.8560.9210.210<0.00123.3/7.5/11.6/6.2/18.5/32.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322531206000918743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求潜类别增长模型拟合情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
16 486.2306 516.0666 484.422
25 814.3495 853.1365 811.9980.9250.016<0.00156.2/43.8
35 526.5675 574.3055 523.6740.9340.024<0.00141.8/22.6/35.6
45 428.9035 485.5915 425.4670.9150.718<0.00133.6/19.9/34.9/11.6
55 359.4305 425.0695 355.4510.9400.017<0.0018.9/17.8/33.6/32.9/6.8
65 315.3775 389.9685 310.8560.9210.210<0.00123.3/7.5/11.6/6.2/18.5/32.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322531206068027608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Fit indices of the latent profile analysis for social needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
13 662.4013 716.1063 659.146
23 376.3893 459.9303 371.3250.923<0.001<0.00169.2/30.8
33 343.4843 456.8613 336.6120.9410.212<0.00165.8/7.5/26.7
43 309.0973 452.3103 300.4170.8880.340<0.00157.5/8.2/19.2/15.1
53 297.6253 470.6743 287.1360.8870.891<0.00151.4/8.9/20.5/4.1/15.1
63 287.2083 490.0933 274.9110.9090.657<0.0016.8/3.4/10.3/50.7/14.4/14.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322531206273548505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求潜在剖面分析拟合情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率(%)
LMRTBLRT
13 662.4013 716.1063 659.146
23 376.3893 459.9303 371.3250.923<0.001<0.00169.2/30.8
33 343.4843 456.8613 336.6120.9410.212<0.00165.8/7.5/26.7
43 309.0973 452.3103 300.4170.8880.340<0.00157.5/8.2/19.2/15.1
53 297.6253 470.6743 287.1360.8870.891<0.00151.4/8.9/20.5/4.1/15.1
63 287.2083 490.0933 274.9110.9090.657<0.0016.8/3.4/10.3/50.7/14.4/14.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322531207955464410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing different categories of disease information needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低信息需求下降组(n=85)高信息需求下降组(n=61)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.78±8.3647.15±9.25t=2.4750.015
婚姻状况(例)已婚8058χ2=0.0640.801
未婚/丧偶/离异53
文化程度(例)小学及以下2320χ2=5.7690.123
初中2223
高中或中专2810
专科及以上128
工作状态(例)在职3214χ2=3.5540.059
非在职5346
居住地(例)农村1915χ2=0.1000.752
城市6646
生育情况(例)无子女21Z=1.6990.489
独生子女4627
多子女3733
主要照顾者(例)本人35Z=4.1990.383
配偶5641
子女1511
父母43
其他71
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元1218χ2=7.4770.058
>1 000~3 000元3225
>3 000~5 000元2010
>5 000元218
支付方式(例)居民医保4337Z=-1.1210.262
职工医保2916
商业保险20
居民医保和商业保险46
职工医保和商业保险72
合并其他慢性病(例)有3314χ2=4.0990.043
无5247
癌症家族史(例)有2419χ2=0.1450.703
无6142
确诊时间(例)≤7 d2633χ2=8.6930.034
>7~14 d2611
>14~28 d2612
>28 d75
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌8251Z=-2.3870.017
浸润性小叶癌12
其他28
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期56χ2=2.4970.287
Ⅱ期5834
Ⅲ期2221
肿瘤位置(例)左侧4527Z=-0.6150.538
右侧4034
是否手术(例)是5326χ2=5.5670.018
否3235
是否转移(例)是4027χ2=0.1120.738
否4534
联合靶向治疗(例)是2122χ2=2.2060.138
否6439
益处发现(分)35.0(31.0,46.0)47.0(37.0,57.0)Z=-4.135<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208056127707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求不同类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低信息需求下降组(n=85)高信息需求下降组(n=61)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.78±8.3647.15±9.25t=2.4750.015
婚姻状况(例)已婚8058χ2=0.0640.801
未婚/丧偶/离异53
文化程度(例)小学及以下2320χ2=5.7690.123
初中2223
高中或中专2810
专科及以上128
工作状态(例)在职3214χ2=3.5540.059
非在职5346
居住地(例)农村1915χ2=0.1000.752
城市6646
生育情况(例)无子女21Z=1.6990.489
独生子女4627
多子女3733
主要照顾者(例)本人35Z=4.1990.383
配偶5641
子女1511
父母43
其他71
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元1218χ2=7.4770.058
>1 000~3 000元3225
>3 000~5 000元2010
>5 000元218
支付方式(例)居民医保4337Z=-1.1210.262
职工医保2916
商业保险20
居民医保和商业保险46
职工医保和商业保险72
合并其他慢性病(例)有3314χ2=4.0990.043
无5247
癌症家族史(例)有2419χ2=0.1450.703
无6142
确诊时间(例)≤7 d2633χ2=8.6930.034
>7~14 d2611
>14~28 d2612
>28 d75
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌8251Z=-2.3870.017
浸润性小叶癌12
其他28
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期56χ2=2.4970.287
Ⅱ期5834
Ⅲ期2221
肿瘤位置(例)左侧4527Z=-0.6150.538
右侧4034
是否手术(例)是5326χ2=5.5670.018
否3235
是否转移(例)是4027χ2=0.1120.738
否4534
联合靶向治疗(例)是2122χ2=2.2060.138
否6439
益处发现(分)35.0(31.0,46.0)47.0(37.0,57.0)Z=-4.135<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208144208092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing different categories of psychological needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低心理需求组(n=52)中心理需求组(n=61)高心理需求组(n=33)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.83±1.1849.16±1.1646.97±1.56F=69.384<0.01
婚姻状况(例)已婚495831χ2=0.2820.967
未婚/丧偶/离异332
文化程度(例)小学及以下13228χ2=12.7450.047
初中17208
高中或中专19118
专科及以上389
工作状态(例)在职181711χ2=0.6580.720
非在职344422
居住地(例)农村12148χ2=0.0220.989
城市404725
生育情况(例)无子女012χ2=4.1820.339
独生子女243118
多子女282913
主要照顾者(例)本人125χ2=7.6410.455
配偶384019
子女8126
父母232
其他341
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元12108χ2=5.3530.499
1 000~3 000元21279
>3 000~5 000元7149
>5 000元12107
支付方式(例)居民医保303317χ2=7.2190.486
职工医保122013
商业保险020
居民医保和商业保险442
职工医保和商业保险621
合并其他慢性病(例)有26165χ2=12.9380.002
无264528
癌症家族史(例)有11266χ2=8.8340.012
无413527
确诊时间(例)≤7 d152915χ2=9.0390.171
>7~14 d20107
>14~28 d14168
>28 d363
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌485728χ2=5.0390.217
浸润性小叶癌210
其他235
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期542χ2=1.8970.769
Ⅱ期353720
Ⅲ期122011
包块位置(例)左侧263214χ2=0.8780.645
右侧262919
是否手术(例)是343015χ2=4.2550.119
否183118
是否转移(例)是253012χ2=1.5720.456
否273121
是否联合靶向治疗(例)是161710χ2=0.1290.938
否364423
益处发现(分)35.0(31.0,40.5)38.0(33.0,52.0)46.0(39.0,57.0)H=9.946<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208387477725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求不同类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低心理需求组(n=52)中心理需求组(n=61)高心理需求组(n=33)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.83±1.1849.16±1.1646.97±1.56F=69.384<0.01
婚姻状况(例)已婚495831χ2=0.2820.967
未婚/丧偶/离异332
文化程度(例)小学及以下13228χ2=12.7450.047
初中17208
高中或中专19118
专科及以上389
工作状态(例)在职181711χ2=0.6580.720
非在职344422
居住地(例)农村12148χ2=0.0220.989
城市404725
生育情况(例)无子女012χ2=4.1820.339
独生子女243118
多子女282913
主要照顾者(例)本人125χ2=7.6410.455
配偶384019
子女8126
父母232
其他341
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元12108χ2=5.3530.499
1 000~3 000元21279
>3 000~5 000元7149
>5 000元12107
支付方式(例)居民医保303317χ2=7.2190.486
职工医保122013
商业保险020
居民医保和商业保险442
职工医保和商业保险621
合并其他慢性病(例)有26165χ2=12.9380.002
无264528
癌症家族史(例)有11266χ2=8.8340.012
无413527
确诊时间(例)≤7 d152915χ2=9.0390.171
>7~14 d20107
>14~28 d14168
>28 d363
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌485728χ2=5.0390.217
浸润性小叶癌210
其他235
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期542χ2=1.8970.769
Ⅱ期353720
Ⅲ期122011
包块位置(例)左侧263214χ2=0.8780.645
右侧262919
是否手术(例)是343015χ2=4.2550.119
否183118
是否转移(例)是253012χ2=1.5720.456
否273121
是否联合靶向治疗(例)是161710χ2=0.1290.938
否364423
益处发现(分)35.0(31.0,40.5)38.0(33.0,52.0)46.0(39.0,57.0)H=9.946<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208475558110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing different profiles of social needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低社会需求组(n=101)高社会需求组(n=45)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.58±8.7346.29±8.63t=2.7560.007
婚姻状况(例)已婚96420.674①
未婚/丧偶/离异53
文化程度(例)小学及以下3013χ2=2.3200.509
初中3312
高中或中专2711
专科及以上119
工作状态(例)在职2917χ2=1.0180.276
非在职7228
居住地(例)农村277χ2=2.1770.140
城市7438
生育情况(例)无子女12χ2=2.2030.329
独生子女5023
多子女5020
主要照顾者(例)本人35χ2=7.1960.108
配偶7027
子女188
父母34
其他71
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元228χ2=2.0510.562
>1 000~3 000元3918
>3 000~5 000元1812
>5 000元227
支付方式(例)居民医保5426χ2=2.2920.703
职工医保3114
商业保险11
居民医保和商业保险73
职工医保和商业保险81
合并其他慢性病(例)有407χ2=8.2480.004
无6138
癌症家族史(例)有2716χ2=1.1660.280
无7429
确诊时间(例)≤7 d3821χ2=2.4500.484
>7~14 d2710
>14~28 d299
>28 d75
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌9439χ2=4.7150.079
浸润性小叶癌30
其他46
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期65χ2=2.0120.366
Ⅱ期6725
Ⅲ期2815
包块位置(例)左侧5022χ2=0.0050.945
右侧5123
是否手术(例)是5623χ2=0.2360.627
否4522
是否转移(例)是5314χ2=5.7220.017
否4831
是否联合靶向治疗(例)是2716χ2=1.1660.280
否7429
益处发现(分)36(31,47)52(38,58)Z=-5.051<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208802713823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求不同剖面影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低社会需求组(n=101)高社会需求组(n=45)统计值P
年龄(岁)50.58±8.7346.29±8.63t=2.7560.007
婚姻状况(例)已婚96420.674①
未婚/丧偶/离异53
文化程度(例)小学及以下3013χ2=2.3200.509
初中3312
高中或中专2711
专科及以上119
工作状态(例)在职2917χ2=1.0180.276
非在职7228
居住地(例)农村277χ2=2.1770.140
城市7438
生育情况(例)无子女12χ2=2.2030.329
独生子女5023
多子女5020
主要照顾者(例)本人35χ2=7.1960.108
配偶7027
子女188
父母34
其他71
人均月收入(例)≤1 000元228χ2=2.0510.562
>1 000~3 000元3918
>3 000~5 000元1812
>5 000元227
支付方式(例)居民医保5426χ2=2.2920.703
职工医保3114
商业保险11
居民医保和商业保险73
职工医保和商业保险81
合并其他慢性病(例)有407χ2=8.2480.004
无6138
癌症家族史(例)有2716χ2=1.1660.280
无7429
确诊时间(例)≤7 d3821χ2=2.4500.484
>7~14 d2710
>14~28 d299
>28 d75
病理类型(例)浸润性导管癌9439χ2=4.7150.079
浸润性小叶癌30
其他46
临床分期(例)Ⅰ期65χ2=2.0120.366
Ⅱ期6725
Ⅲ期2815
包块位置(例)左侧5022χ2=0.0050.945
右侧5123
是否手术(例)是5623χ2=0.2360.627
否4522
是否转移(例)是5314χ2=5.7220.017
否4831
是否联合靶向治疗(例)是2716χ2=1.1660.280
否7429
益处发现(分)36(31,47)52(38,58)Z=-5.051<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531208911765728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低信息需求下降组=1;高信息需求下降组=2
自变量确诊时间≤7 d=1;>7~14 d=2;>14~28 d=3;>28 d=4
病理类型浸润性导管癌(0,0);浸润性小叶癌(1,0);其他(0,1)
手术否=1;是=2
年龄
益处发现
原值输入
原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531209217949921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低信息需求下降组=1;高信息需求下降组=2
自变量确诊时间≤7 d=1;>7~14 d=2;>14~28 d=3;>28 d=4
病理类型浸润性导管癌(0,0);浸润性小叶癌(1,0);其他(0,1)
手术否=1;是=2
年龄
益处发现
原值输入
原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531209633186018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Multivariate analysis of developmental trajectory categories for disease information needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量-3.2780.73020.149<0.001
手术0.7830.3644.6290.0312.189[1.072,4.467]
益处发现0.0600.01613.915<0.0011.061[1.029,1.095]
), ArticleFig(id=1322531209708683491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求发展轨迹类别的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量-3.2780.73020.149<0.001
手术0.7830.3644.6290.0312.189[1.072,4.467]
益处发现0.0600.01613.915<0.0011.061[1.029,1.095]
), ArticleFig(id=1322531209813541092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低心理需求组=1,中心理需求组=2,高心理需求组=3
自变量文化程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中或中专=3,专科及以上=4
合并其他慢性病无=1,有=2
癌症家族史无=1,有=2
年龄原值输入
益处发现原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531209926787301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低心理需求组=1,中心理需求组=2,高心理需求组=3
自变量文化程度小学及以下=1,初中=2,高中或中专=3,专科及以上=4
合并其他慢性病无=1,有=2
癌症家族史无=1,有=2
年龄原值输入
益处发现原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210111336678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Multivariate analysis of developmental trajectory categories for psychological needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
中心理需求组常量-2.0620.8935.3370.021
合并其他慢性病1.1280.4416.5300.0113.090[1.301,7.340]
益处发现0.0600.0218.3890.0041.061[1.019,1.105]
高心理需求组常量-4.9571.18017.642<0.001
合并其他慢性病1.6280.5897.6350.0065.093[1.605,16.159]
益处发现0.0830.02313.008<0.0011.086[1.038,1.136]
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210467852519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求发展轨迹类别的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
中心理需求组常量-2.0620.8935.3370.021
合并其他慢性病1.1280.4416.5300.0113.090[1.301,7.340]
益处发现0.0600.0218.3890.0041.061[1.019,1.105]
高心理需求组常量-4.9571.18017.642<0.001
合并其他慢性病1.6280.5897.6350.0065.093[1.605,16.159]
益处发现0.0830.02313.008<0.0011.086[1.038,1.136]
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210551738600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Variable assignment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低社会需求组=1;高社会需求组=2
自变量合并其他慢性病无=1;有=2
是否转移否=1;是=2
年龄
益处发现
原值输入
原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210618847465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目变量赋值方式
因变量低社会需求组=1;高社会需求组=2
自变量合并其他慢性病无=1;有=2
是否转移否=1;是=2
年龄
益处发现
原值输入
原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210690150634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=EN, label=Table 14, caption=

Multivariate analysis of social needs categories in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Waldχ2值POR值95%CI
常量-6.3411.11832.188<0.001
合并其他慢性病1.2090.5085.6570.0173.351[1.237,9.075]
是否转移1.3300.4568.4950.0043.781[1.546,9.249]
益处发现0.0870.01920.474<0.0011.091[1.051,1.134]
), ArticleFig(id=1322531210899865835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168776825614614, language=CN, label=表14, caption=

乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求类别影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Waldχ2值POR值95%CI
常量-6.3411.11832.188<0.001
合并其他慢性病1.2090.5085.6570.0173.351[1.237,9.075]
是否转移1.3300.4568.4950.0043.781[1.546,9.249]
益处发现0.0870.01920.474<0.0011.091[1.051,1.134]
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乳腺癌化疗病人需求变化轨迹及影响因素的纵向研究
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赵映 1, 2 , 黄菲 1, *, * , 徐滢佳 3 , 李明雅 1 , 卢燕 4
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(9): 1467-1480
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (9) : 1467 -1480
乳腺癌化疗病人需求变化轨迹及影响因素的纵向研究
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赵映1, 2, 黄菲1, *, * , 徐滢佳3, 李明雅1, 卢燕4
作者信息
  • 1湖北医药学院护理学院,湖北 442000
  • 2仙桃职业学院
  • 3乐山市中医医院
  • 4国药东风总医院
通讯作者:
黄菲,E-mail:hf-
HUANG Fei, E-mail: hf-
作者简介:

赵映,硕士研究生,主管护师

Change trajectories of needs and influencing factors in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a longitudinal study
Ying ZHAO1, 2, Fei HUANG1 , Yingjia XU3, Mingya LI1, Yan LU4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000 China
  • 2Xiantao Vocational College
  • 3Leshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
  • 4Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.006
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目的

探索乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求、心理需求及社会需求的动态变化轨迹,并明确各轨迹类别的影响因素,为临床制定精准化干预措施提供依据。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取146例乳腺癌首次化疗病人,采用乳腺癌病人需求量表、益处发现量表在8个化疗周期(T1~T8)进行纵向随访调查。运用潜类别增长模型分析3类需求的变化轨迹,采用多分类Logistic回归探讨轨迹类别的影响因素。

结果

乳腺癌化疗病人3类需求均呈下降趋势且存在群体异质性:1)疾病信息需求识别出2个轨迹类别,即低信息需求下降组(58.2%)、高信息需求下降组(41.8%);2)心理需求识别出3个轨迹类别,即低心理需求组(35.6%)、中心理需求组(41.8%)、高心理需求组(22.6%);3)社会需求识别出2个潜在剖面,即低社会需求组(69.2%)、高社会需求组(30.8%)。多因素分析显示,手术、益处发现是疾病信息需求轨迹的影响因素(均P<0.05);合并其他慢性病、益处发现是心理需求轨迹的影响因素(均P<0.05);合并其他慢性病、转移、益处发现是社会需求类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。

结论

乳腺癌化疗病人3类需求的变化轨迹具有群体异质性,且受不同因素影响,临床医护人员可结合病人需求轨迹特征及影响因素,实施针对性干预,持续满足病人动态需求。

乳腺癌  /  化疗  /  信息需求  /  心理需求  /  社会需求  /  纵向研究  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the dynamic change trajectories of disease information needs,psychological needs, and social needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and to identify the influencing factors for each trajectory category, thereby providing a basis for developing precise clinical interventions.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 146 breast cancer patients undergoing their first chemotherapy session.A longitudinal follow-up survey was conducted over eight chemotherapy cycles(T1-T8) using the Breast Cancer Patients Needs Scale and the Benefit Finding Scale. Latent class growth modeling was applied to analyze the change trajectories of the three types of needs, and multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the trajectory categories.

Results

The three types of needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy all showed a declining trend with population heterogeneity:1) Two trajectory categories were identified for disease information needs:low information needs declining group(58.2%) and high information needs declining group(41.8%);2) Three trajectory categories were identified for psychological needs: low psychological needs group(35.6%),moderate psychological needs group(41.8%),and high psychological needs group(22.6%);3) Two trajectory categories were identified for social needs:low social needs group(69.2%) and high social needs group(30.8%).Multivariate analysis showed that surgery and benefit finding were influencing factors for the disease information needs trajectory(both P<0.05);comorbidities with other chronic diseases and benefit finding were influencing factors for the psychological needs trajectory(both P<0.05);comorbidities with other chronic diseases,metastasis,and benefit finding were influencing factors for the social needs trajectory(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The change trajectories of the three types of needs in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy exhibit population heterogeneity.And they are influenced by different factors.Clinical staff can combine the characteristics of patients' need trajectories and influencing factors to implement targeted interventions, continuously meeting patients' dynamic needs.

breast cancer  /  chemotherapy  /  information needs  /  psychological needs  /  social needs  /  longitudinal study  /  influencing factors
赵映, 黄菲, 徐滢佳, 李明雅, 卢燕. 乳腺癌化疗病人需求变化轨迹及影响因素的纵向研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1467 -1480 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.006
Ying ZHAO, Fei HUANG, Yingjia XU, Mingya LI, Yan LU. Change trajectories of needs and influencing factors in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a longitudinal study[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1467 -1480 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.006
乳腺癌已成为全球常见的癌症之一,在女性癌症中发病率和死亡率均居首位[1]。我国乳腺癌病人占全球的19.2%,且发病率逐年增长并有年轻化趋势[2-3]。随着治疗技术的发展、早期诊断与筛查水平的提高,乳腺癌的生存率明显提高[4]。治疗乳腺癌通常联合多种手段,化疗是治疗乳腺癌的主要方式之一[5]。化疗周期长且不良反应多,给病人带来各种生理、心理、情感负担,产生不同层次的需求,处于不同化疗时期病人的需求也可能不同。长期未满足的需求可能会大大降低病人的治疗依从性,导致治疗效果较差、生存期较短、预后较差和复发风险较高等后果[6-7],也影响病人的心理健康,降低其生活质量[8]。因此,科学、有效、动态地评估乳腺癌病人的需求,给予针对性的照护是提高乳腺癌病人生活质量的关键。以往研究多为横断面调查,虽有纵向研究探讨其变化趋势,但较少对需求的异质性进行分析。鉴于此,本研究通过对乳腺癌病人不同化疗阶段的需求进行纵向调查,分析需求变化趋势并探索影响因素,为医护人员在不同时期采取有针对性的干预措施提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,选取2023年7月—2024年8月十堰市某三级甲等综合医院肿瘤科、甲乳外科住院治疗的乳腺癌化疗病人为研究对象。纳入标准:1)女性,年龄≥18岁;2)病理确诊为乳腺恶性肿瘤;3)首次化疗,化疗周期为8次;4)对研究内容知情同意,自愿参加并能主动配合;5)具备基本的听说能力,能理解调查内容。排除标准:1)合并其他恶性肿瘤病人;2)合并其他传染性疾病或心、脑、肾等严重器质性疾病者;3)合并精神性疾病病人。参考单样本重复设计样本含量估计[9],使用G-power软件计算样本量,需纳入样本量108例。纵向设计考虑15%的失访率,最后确定样本量至少127例。本研究已通过伦理委员会审批(批号:2023-RE-020)。
研究者自行设计,包括年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度等人口资料,以及病理类型、癌症分期等疾病相关资料。
该量表由我国学者郑粉善等[10]编制,用于评估不同阶段乳腺癌病人的需求,包括疾病信息需求、心理需求、社会需求3个需求类别,治疗信息、康复信息、情感需求、认知需求、寻求希望、自我实现6个维度,共40个条目。量表采用Likert 5级评分法,“不需要”“不太需要”“中度需要”“很需要”“非常需要”依次赋值1、2、3、4、5分,得分40~200分,得分越高表明病人未满足需求越多。该量表总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.943,各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.828~0.934,总量表的重测信度为0.937,各维度重测信度为0.743~0.890。
该量表由Antoni等[11]编制,用于测量病人益处发现水平,即病人在应对癌症过程中感知到的积极改变。本研究采用胡晔等[12]汉化后的版本,共19个条目,量表采用Likert 4级评分法,“完全没有”“有一点”“比较多”“非常多”分别赋值1、2、3、4分,总分19~76分,得分越高,表示病人感受到的益处越多。中文版量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.911,重测信度为0.812。
采用纵向研究方法,在病人第1次化疗至第8次化疗时(T1~T8)进行调查。首次调查时向病人说明本研究需要随访多次,取得其理解配合,留存病人或主要照顾者的电话、加微信好友、加入随访微信群;查阅电子病例,获得病人准确的治疗信息,预估病人后续化疗时间;后续多次调查前,提前与病人沟通,确定具体的调查时间、地点以及合适的收集方法,以降低失访率。
使用SPSS 25.0进行数据分析,定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)描述,正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述。采用Mplus8.0进行潜类别增长模型分析探讨乳腺癌病人需求的类别。使用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨乳腺癌病人不同需求发展轨迹的影响因素。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
T1和T2各发放问卷151份,均回收有效问卷151份,有效回收率100%;T3发放问卷151份,2例病人因身体严重不适拒绝填写,回收有效问卷149份,有效回收率99%;T4发放问卷149份,1例病人因身体严重不适拒绝填写,回收有效问卷148份,有效回收率99%;T5发放问卷148份,1例病人退出治疗,回收有效问卷147份,有效回收率99%;T6发放问卷147份,1例病人转院无法取得联系,回收有效问卷146份,有效回收率99%;T7和T8各发放问卷146份,均回收有效问卷146份,有效回收率100%。随访流程图见图1。本研究最终纳入乳腺癌化疗病人146例,均为女性。病人益处发现得分(42.36±12.01)分,其他一般资料见表1。
将完成全程随访的146例乳腺癌化疗病人的需求(疾病信息需求、心理需求和社会需求)得分分别纳入模型,探索需求的变化情况。
当潜在类别个数逐渐增加时,赤池信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、样本校正BIC(aBIC)变小,熵(Entropy)值均>0.8,而类别数为2时,Entropy值为0.849,罗-梦戴尔-鲁本似然比检验(LMRT)和基于Bootstrap法的似然比检验(BLRT)均有统计学意义(P<0.05),当潜在类别个数继续增加时,虽然AIC、BIC和aBIC均减小,但LMRT无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表3。因此,最终确定疾病信息需求拟合2个潜在类别模型的结果为最佳,总体得分呈下降趋势(见图2)。2个类别分别命名为:“低信息需求下降组”(85例,58.2%)和“高信息需求下降组”(61例,41.8%)。
当潜在类别个数逐渐增加时,AIC、BIC、aBIC变小,BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.05),类别数为4和6时,LMRT无统计学意义(P>0.05);当类别数为5时,Entropy最大,见表4;但由于总样本量较少,最终认为心理需求3个类别的模型最佳,总体得分呈下降趋势(见图3)。3个类别分别命名为“低心理需求组”(52例,35.6%)、“中心理需求组”(61例,41.8%)、“高心理需求组”(33例,22.6%)。
经统计分析发现,乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求的变量没有明显的群体异质性,故对乳腺癌化疗病人T1社会需求进行潜在剖面分析。以社会需求的9个条目为外显变量,依次选取1~6个模型进行潜在剖面分析。见表5。AIC、BIC、aBIC随剖面个数增加而下降,但达到3个剖面时LMRT无统计学意义(P>0.05),在2个剖面时Entropy值为0.923,故选取2个剖面为最佳模型。2个潜在剖面在9个条目上的应答概率见图4。2个潜在剖面分别命名为“低社会需求组”(101例,69.2%)和“高社会需求组”(45例,30.8%)。
不同类别乳腺癌化疗病人年龄、合并其他慢性病、确诊时间、病理类型、手术、益处发现在疾病信息需求方面比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果见表6。
不同类别乳腺癌化疗病人年龄、文化程度、合并其他慢性病、癌症家族史、益处发现比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表7。
不同剖面乳腺癌化疗病人年龄、合并其他慢性病、转移、益处发现比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表8。
将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归分析,对定性变量分别进行赋值(见表9),手术、益处发现最终进入回归模型,见表10。
将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归分析,对变量进行赋值(见表11),合并其他慢性病、益处发现最终进入回归模型的变量。见表12。
将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量纳入Logistic回归分析,对变量进行赋值(见表13),合并其他慢性病、转移、益处发现最终进入回归模型,见表14。
本研究对乳腺癌化疗病人需求进行了8次随访调查,病人需求水平总体在中等水平并呈下降趋势,表明随时间的推移病人的需求逐渐得到满足。蔡英杰等[13-14]的研究表明,乳腺癌病人的需求在化疗期逐渐下降。可能是病人化疗早期对疾病不了解、对预后不确定以及对恢复正常生活的期望较高,因而对疾病信息需求、心理需求、社会需求也相应较高,而随着化疗次数增多,病人通过医护人员、病友、公众号等渠道获取了更多信息,对自身疾病、化疗副作用及应对方式更加了解,同时病友的支持可激励其积极应对疾病[15-16],因此病人的需求逐渐下降。识别和解决乳腺癌病人化疗期未满足的需求,有助于改善心理状态,减轻症状负担,从而提高生活质量[17]。虽然乳腺癌化疗病人的需求水平在化疗期呈下降趋势,但整体水平仍在中等水平,因此,医务人员应尽早识别需求的类别及其变化趋势,以便对不同类别病人需求提供精确的、针对性的护理干预满足病人不同需求,提高病人的生活质量。
本研究对乳腺癌化疗病人的疾病信息需求发展轨迹进行拟合,最终得到2种发展轨迹,分别为“低信息需求下降组”(58.2%)和“高信息需求下降组”(41.8%),证明乳腺癌化疗病人的疾病信息需求存在群体异质性。低信息需求下降组病人的疾病信息需求初次评估在2个类别中较低,且随着化疗时间的变化呈下降趋势;高信息需求下降组病人在早期化疗时有较高的需求,随后下降,下降速度比低信息需求下降组的下降速度稍快。这可能是因为大多数病人随着化疗次数的增多,对疾病治疗和康复信息了解加深,需求也相应减少。Lam等[18]对中国晚期乳腺癌病人进行了纵向随访调查,首次化疗时进行第1次调查(基线),随后在基线后6周、3个月、6个月及12个月时对病人再次评估,得到2类轨迹,第1类为低稳定需求组(78.9%),在整个调查过程中,信息需求始终在较低水平,且呈逐步下滑的态势;第2类为高下降需求组(21.1%),该组病人的信息需求程度均高于低稳定需求组。这与本研究疾病信息需求轨迹的变化趋势及类别高度相似,但类别占比不同,这可能是该研究纳入的病人均为晚期,而本研究的病人多为早中期,同时两者调查时间点、地点以及样本量均有差异。病人的疾病信息需求虽会随着时间推移逐渐减少,但化疗期间一直存在,因此,医护人员有必要评估乳腺癌化疗病人每个化疗阶段的疾病信息需求,确定病人需要的信息内容,依据其个体特性精准施策,尽可能满足化疗中所产生的各类需求,缓解因化疗症状引发的负担,助力病人更为平稳地度过化疗阶段。
本研究最终得到3种心理需求发展轨迹,分别为“低心理需求组”(35.6%)、“中心理需求组”(41.8%)、“高心理需求组”(22.6%),证明乳腺癌化疗病人的心理需求存在群体异质性。乳腺癌化疗病人的心理需求总体呈下降趋势,表明心理需求随着时间的增加而下降,与Gao等[19]的研究结果一致。可能原因是病人度过否认期,逐渐接受患病事实,积极应对疾病,主动调节负性情绪,从而心理需求减少。Bredar等[20]对法国乳腺癌幸存者进行的纵向研究中,将心理需求轨迹分为低稳定组(34%)、中稳定组(48%)、高稳定组(18%)3个类别,与本研究结果基本一致。化疗期间,医护人员应洞察病人的心理变化,一旦觉察负性情绪及时介入,引导病人转换视角,以豁达、积极的心态直面疾病挑战,为病人的身心康复点亮希望之光。同时,可以实施团体认知行为疗法[21]或松弛训练、支持性心理训练等,使病人获得更高品质的睡眠,减轻焦虑、抑郁情绪,舒缓癌症复发恐惧及整体担忧。
本研究结果显示,乳腺癌化疗病人的社会需求处于中等程度,且在整个化疗期呈较为平缓递减走势。由于病人社会需求初始水平存在个体差异,故采用潜剖面分析对乳腺癌病人初次化疗的社会需求进行分析,发现初次化疗的社会需求可分为“低社会需求组”(69.2%)和“高社会需求组”(30.8%)。
Lam等[22]对结直肠癌术后、术后1个月、4个月、8个月及12个月5个节点进行调查,得到3个发展趋势,分别为低稳定组(81.1%)、高下降组(10.3%)、延迟组(8.6%)。与本研究相比,多了1个延迟组,且类别占比差异较大,可能与疾病、评估工具、调查时间点不同有关。社会需求的初始状态与增长变化率有关系,因此有必要及时识别乳腺癌病人的社会需求,提供精准的支持性照顾,从而提升生活质量。
本研究发现,手术是乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求发展轨迹的影响因素。手术病人疾病信息需求是未手术病人的2.189倍,手术病人的疾病信息需求比未手术病人高。这可能与术后病人伤口疼痛、患侧肢体活动受限、术后护理康复等信息缺乏有关,乳腺癌的确诊给病人带来严重的刺激,病人还未完全接受,手术更是加重了刺激,使病人不知所措,因而迫切希望获得疾病治疗及康复的相关信息,了解自身疾病和治疗情况,导致术后化疗病人的需求较高。随着时间延长及进一步的治疗,病人对疾病治疗和康复信息更加了解,病人的需求也随之降低,这与张曦等[23]的研究结果相似。因此,医护人员应更关注已手术的乳腺癌化疗病人,对术后病人科学、合理地开展延续护理,可精准对接病人的需求,提升其获得的支持护理水平,有效防控术后各类并发症,切实达成生活质量的稳步提升。
益处发现也是影响乳腺癌化疗病人疾病信息需求发展的因素。益处发现总分每往上递增1个单位,疾病信息需求类别朝着高信息需求下降组演变的优势比会相应增高,说明益处发现越高,疾病信息需求越高,这与胡彩平等[24]的研究一致。进一步探究还发现,益处发现程度不仅关乎疾病信息需求的高低,而且影响疾病信息需求变化趋势的速度,益处发现越高,疾病信息需求轨迹降低速率也会显著加快。可能原因:一是高益处发现的积极心态,促使病人在疾病早期采取“主动求知”策略,表现为更高的疾病信息需求起点;二是由于学习动机明确、认知积极,病人能更快地将获取的信息内化为有效的自我管理知识和行为;当疾病信息满足管理疾病的核心需求,其对基础信息的依赖便会减弱,从而导致疾病信息需求轨迹快速下降。
合并其他慢性病是乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求发展轨迹的影响因素。中心理需求组与低心理需求组相比,合并其他慢性病的病人更易归于中心理需求组(OR=3.090);高心理需求组与低心理需求组相比,合并其他慢性病的病人更易归于高心理需求组(OR=5.093)。说明合并其他慢性病的乳腺癌病人化疗期存在较高水平的心理需求。可能是因为乳腺癌本身已给病人带来身心负担,合并其他慢性病的病人担心多种疾病叠加影响治疗效果,还可能因基础病用药与化疗药物的相互作用、治疗费用增加等产生焦虑;此外,慢性病需长期调理,会让病人对自身健康状况更担忧,对疾病预后的不确定性增强,进而产生更高的心理支持需求。这与张曦等[23]的研究结果相似。因此,医护人员应重点关注合并其他慢性病的乳腺癌化疗病人,加强对基础病与化疗协同管理的健康指导,主动关注其情绪变化,提供针对性心理干预,帮助病人减轻身心压力,更好地应对治疗。
中心理需求组与低心理需求组相比,益处发现总分每增加1个单位,心理需求趋势类别朝着中心理需求组演变的优势比也会增加;高心理需求组与低心理需求组相比,益处发现量表总分每增加1个单位,心理需求趋势类别朝着高心理需求组演变的优势比也会相应增加。证明益处发现也能影响乳腺癌化疗病人心理需求的发展。益处发现越高,心理需求越高。可能是因为个体从疾病中感知积极意义时,其心理需求会从基础的应对性需求(如缓解焦虑、获取基本照护)转向更高层次的成长需求(如追求自我管理、实现自我价值)。换言之,高益处发现者不是不需要帮助,而是需要更高层次的支持。因此,医护人员应关注益处发现水平较高的群体,为其提供赋能型支持,而非简单的安慰或基础照护。可通过分享相似病人的益处发现案例、开展认知干预活动等方式,帮助病人提升益处发现能力,从而减轻其心理负担,改善生活质量。
本研究表明,合并其他慢性病、转移、益处发现是乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求类别的影响因素。合并其他慢性病病人的社会需求是未合并其他慢性病病人的3.351倍,合并其他慢性病的乳腺癌病人化疗早期的社会需求更高。合并其他慢性病会增加病人的衰弱,使病人对化疗不良反应的感受更明显,因而需要更多社会支持。转移病人的社会需求是未转移病人的3.781倍,证明已经发生转移的病人相较于未转移的病人,在社会支持、人际交往、情感依托等诸多涉及社会需求的维度上,表现出了更为强烈且迫切的需求,与Zhang等[25]的研究结果一致。这可能与已转移的病人希望得到亲友、专业人员的支持更加强烈有关。益处发现总分每增加1个单位,社会需求趋势类别朝着高社会需求组演变的优势比也会相应增加,说明益处发现也能影响乳腺癌化疗病人社会需求的发展,益处发现水平越高,社会需求越高。可能是因为益处发现促使病人主动应对,积极寻求社会支持,且需要更有意义的社会联结,因而社会需求更高。
指导病人组建病友小组[26],帮助构建社会支持平台,利用多种社会资源,帮助其获得多方面的社会支持,如医护人员、社区工作者、亲人及病友的支持,从而降低社会需求。此外,可以使用交互式应用程序[27]作为一个补充的信息源,为病人创造一种安全感,病人可以在需要时得到护士联系的支持,实现自我护理,为病人的自我护理和需求提供了额外的支持,并增强病人对自身护理的参与度,精准对接病人的各类需求,为病人营造充满活力与希望的积极氛围。
乳腺癌化疗病人需求有不同的发展轨迹且影响因素不同,医护人员应及时识别需求的发展轨迹,对不同类别的需求针对性给予照护,提高护理质量。同时,充分发挥自身的作用,加强病人对益处发现的重视,了解病人的应对能力,帮助病人消化负面情绪,使其转化为积极心理,鼓励病人积极面对,使病人需求得到满足,进而提高生活质量。但由于时间限制,研究对象仅限于1所医院,样本量较少,且仅对化疗期病人进行了随访,缺乏化疗结束后放疗期、恢复期的研究。今后可考虑扩大研究范围、增加样本量、延长追踪时间,对化疗结束后的病人继续随访,以提高研究的可靠性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.006
  • 接收时间:2025-08-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-16
  • 修回日期:2026-03-24
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    1湖北医药学院护理学院,湖北 442000
    2仙桃职业学院
    3乐山市中医医院
    4国药东风总医院

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HUANG Fei, E-mail: hf-
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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