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Article(id=1322168722232554474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168481081049284, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755532800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-19, revisedDate=1773763200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159188086, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159188086, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159188086, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159188086, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168481081049284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='9', pageStart='1425', pageEnd='1616', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159130592, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159130592, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1448, endPage=1457, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168722450658283, articleId=1322168722232554474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application of an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the application effect of an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

A total of 56 colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 28 cases in each group.The control group received routine follow-up and guidance from a health education booklet.The intervention group received an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior.The intervention lasted for 12 weeks.Exercise adherence,exercise self-efficacy,6-minute walk test,and grip strength were evaluated in both groups.The incidence of adverse events during exercise was also compared between the two groups.

Results

The interaction effects between time and group on overall exercise adherence and adherence in various dimensions were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect, group effect, and interaction effect on exercise self-efficacy scores were statistically significant(P<0.001).The time effect and interaction effect on the 6-minute walk test and grip strength were statistically significant(P<0.001).The incidence of muscle soreness and cardiac discomfort in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The exercise intervention combining nudge strategy and the theory of planned behavior is safe and feasible.It helps improve exercise self-efficacy and exercise adherence in colorectal cancer chemotherapy patients and enhances their physical function.

, authors=Xiaomin CHEN1, 2, Yao LI3, Min XIA2, Yimei WU2, Panpan YAN3, Lili GE4, Qian WU4, authorsList=Xiaomin CHEN, Yao LI, Min XIA, Yimei WU, Panpan YAN, Lili GE, Qian WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168723247576048, articleId=1322168722232554474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用效果。

方法

选取上海市1所三级甲等医院行术后辅助化疗的56例结直肠癌病人作为研究对象，随机分为干预组和对照组各28例，对照组采用常规随访和健康手册指导，干预组采用基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案，干预时间为12周。评估两组病人的运动依从性、运动自我效能、6 min步行试验、握力，同时比较两组病人运动过程中不良事件发生率。

结果

两组病人总体运动依从性及各维度运动依从性时间与组别的交互效应有统计学意义（P<0.05）；运动自我效能评分的时间效应、组间效应和交互效应均有统计学意义（P<0.001）；6 min步行试验和握力在时间效应和交互效应上有统计学意义（P<0.001）。干预组肌肉酸痛和心脏不适发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。

结论

助推策略联合计划行为理论的运动干预安全可行，有助于提升结直肠癌化疗病人的运动自我效能和运动依从性，改善病人的身体机能。

, authors=陈小敏1, 2, 李垚3, 夏敏2, 吴逸梅2, 闫盼盼3, 葛莉丽4, 吴茜4, *, *, authorsList=陈小敏, 李垚, 夏敏, 吴逸梅, 闫盼盼, 葛莉丽, 吴茜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴茜, authorNote=

陈小敏，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴茜，E-mail：
WU Qian, E-mail:
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exercise safety,feasibility and effectiveness, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322531235516236158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=60, issue=1, pageStart=96, pageEnd=105, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=HENRIKSSON A, JOHANSSON B, RADU C, journalName=Acta Oncologica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HENRIKSSON A,JOHANSSON B,RADU C,et al.Is it safe to exercise during oncological treatment.A study of adverse events during endurance and resistance training-data from the Phys-Can study[J].Acta Oncologica,2021,60(1):96-105., articleTitle=Is it safe to exercise during oncological treatment.A study of adverse events during endurance and resistance training-data from the Phys-Can study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322531235595927935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=26, issue=10, pageStart=3337, pageEnd=3351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=CAVE J, PASCHALIS A, HUANG C Y, journalName=Supportive Care in Cancer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAVE J,PASCHALIS A,HUANG C Y,et al.A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment[J].Supportive Care in Cancer,2018,26(10):3337-3351., articleTitle=A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of aerobic exercise during cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322531235679814016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=136, issue=null, pageStart=79, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=BLAND K A, ZADRAVEC K, LANDRY T, journalName=Critical Reviews in Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BLAND K A,ZADRAVEC K,LANDRY T,et al.Impact of exercise on chemotherapy completion rate:a systematic review of the evidence and recommendations for future exercise oncology research[J].Critical Reviews in Oncology,2019,136:79-85., articleTitle=Impact of exercise on chemotherapy completion rate:a systematic review of the evidence and recommendations for future exercise oncology research, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322531221465317647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322531221473706256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, companyId=1322531221465317647, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Nantong First People's Hospital, Jiangsu 226006 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322531221482094865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, 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caption=研究对象纳入情况, figureFileSmall=X9nbmvMYJLF92a8G41qg1g==, figureFileBig=QTeaWusWwNVYmdfDuhoYFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531230499848529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Trends in overall exercise adherence and its dimensions at different time points, figureFileSmall=esmDFR/vTVpw9vTKgFZgdA==, figureFileBig=+ettz4ld5gzYiif6HicdKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531230558568786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同时间点总体运动依从性及各维度的变化趋势图

（A为总运动依从性，B为身体锻炼依从性，C为锻炼监测依从性，D为主动寻求建议依从性）

, figureFileSmall=esmDFR/vTVpw9vTKgFZgdA==, figureFileBig=+ettz4ld5gzYiif6HicdKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322531230621483347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior for patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为阶段助推策略干预形式每次干预时间（min）助推方案
改变行为态度（第1周）信息支持、社会规范面对面沟通/微信干预30~50①多学科团队（医生、护士、康复师、研究生）开展科普宣讲，介绍结直肠癌危险因素、症状、化疗药物作用、不良反应及运动与疾病治疗的关系；②推送癌症病人运动指导文章或短视频，让病人了解辅助化疗期间运动的益处；③展示身边实际案例，让病人意识到不运动的危害；④向病人及家属推送癌症病人积极运动抗癌的榜样故事，增强参与运动的信心
促进主观规范（第1周、第3周、第5周、第11周）承诺、情感面对面沟通/视频会议30~50①多学科团队与病人、家属共同制定合理运动目标，鼓励病人做出积极运动的承诺；②组建微信群，医护人员主动为病人答疑解惑，与病人及家属建立良好信任关系；③每周组织线上同伴分享讨论会（每次6~8 人），鼓励病人交流运动体验
改善知觉行为控制（第1周~第12周）默认选项、反馈面对面沟通/视频会议30~50①康复师和医生共同评估病人年龄、心肺耐力、平衡能力、既往病史，对有造口的病人评估感染预防措施落实情况；②医疗团队制定个性化运动处方（含运动类型、强度、时间），由康复师或护士示范指导，按病人疾病阶段、体能水平逐步增加运动强度和时间；③发放运动安全宣教手册，确保病人及家属知晓运动注意事项；④康复师定期评估病人运动耐受度及化疗不良反应（如反复呕吐、持续性疲劳），实施个性化运动调整（如降低强度、缩短时间）
增强运动意向向行为转变（第4周~第12周）启动、反馈、情感、激励微信干预/视频电话20~30①每天早上发送信息提醒（如“今天想进行散步还是弹力带训练呢？”），根据病人选择推送宣教材料和运动视频；②教会病人使用微信计步器，鼓励每天在微信群打卡，了解运动情况；③每周通过电话或微信联系病人，了解运动计划完成情况，根据耐受度和需求制定下一步目标，为未完成目标的病人分析原因并提供解决方案；④提供运动日志，鼓励病人记录并在微信群分享日志、运动视频/照片，相互激励；⑤在微信群公布每周运动情况，对完成目标的病人给予表扬；⑥设置积分排名激励机制，积分随坚持周数累积，积分越高奖品越大
), ArticleFig(id=1322531230696980820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于计划行为理论的结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动助推方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行为阶段助推策略干预形式每次干预时间（min）助推方案
改变行为态度（第1周）信息支持、社会规范面对面沟通/微信干预30~50①多学科团队（医生、护士、康复师、研究生）开展科普宣讲，介绍结直肠癌危险因素、症状、化疗药物作用、不良反应及运动与疾病治疗的关系；②推送癌症病人运动指导文章或短视频，让病人了解辅助化疗期间运动的益处；③展示身边实际案例，让病人意识到不运动的危害；④向病人及家属推送癌症病人积极运动抗癌的榜样故事，增强参与运动的信心
促进主观规范（第1周、第3周、第5周、第11周）承诺、情感面对面沟通/视频会议30~50①多学科团队与病人、家属共同制定合理运动目标，鼓励病人做出积极运动的承诺；②组建微信群，医护人员主动为病人答疑解惑，与病人及家属建立良好信任关系；③每周组织线上同伴分享讨论会（每次6~8 人），鼓励病人交流运动体验
改善知觉行为控制（第1周~第12周）默认选项、反馈面对面沟通/视频会议30~50①康复师和医生共同评估病人年龄、心肺耐力、平衡能力、既往病史，对有造口的病人评估感染预防措施落实情况；②医疗团队制定个性化运动处方（含运动类型、强度、时间），由康复师或护士示范指导，按病人疾病阶段、体能水平逐步增加运动强度和时间；③发放运动安全宣教手册，确保病人及家属知晓运动注意事项；④康复师定期评估病人运动耐受度及化疗不良反应（如反复呕吐、持续性疲劳），实施个性化运动调整（如降低强度、缩短时间）
增强运动意向向行为转变（第4周~第12周）启动、反馈、情感、激励微信干预/视频电话20~30①每天早上发送信息提醒（如“今天想进行散步还是弹力带训练呢？”），根据病人选择推送宣教材料和运动视频；②教会病人使用微信计步器，鼓励每天在微信群打卡，了解运动情况；③每周通过电话或微信联系病人，了解运动计划完成情况，根据耐受度和需求制定下一步目标，为未完成目标的病人分析原因并提供解决方案；④提供运动日志，鼓励病人记录并在微信群分享日志、运动视频/照片，相互激励；⑤在微信群公布每周运动情况，对完成目标的病人给予表扬；⑥设置积分排名激励机制，积分随坚持周数累积，积分越高奖品越大
), ArticleFig(id=1322531230764089685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of baseline characteristics between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组（n=28）对照组（n=28）统计值P
年龄（岁）60.04±12.2162.43±6.71t=-0.9090.367
性别[例（%）]男18(64.29)16(57.14)χ2=0.2990.584
女10(35.71)12(42.86)
BMI（kg/m2）22.78±2.3823.59±2.79t=-1.1730.246
病理分期[例（%）]Ⅱ期9(32.14)8(28.57)χ2=0.0840.771
Ⅲ期19(67.86)20(71.43)
文化程度[例（%）]小学及以下7(25.00)4(14.29)χ2=6.1990.102
初中10(35.71)14(50.00)
高中5(17.86)9(32.14)
本科及以上6(21.43)1(3.57)
婚姻情况[例（%）]已婚25(89.29)26(92.86)χ2=1.0200.600
未婚1(3.57)0(00.00)
丧偶2(7.14)2(7.14)
家庭月收入[例（%）]<5 000元3(10.71)5(17.86)χ2=1.2710.530
5 000~10 000元9(32.15)11(39.29)
>10 000元16(57.14)12(42.85)
慢性病[例（%）]有15(53.57)14(50.00)χ2=0.0720.789
无13(46.43)14(50.00)
化疗方案[例（%）]CapeOx14(50.00)13(46.43)
FOLFOX12(42.86)12(42.86)χ2=0.2370.888
Capecitabine2(7.14)3(10.71)
造口情况[例（%）]有1(3.57)3(10.71)χ2=0.2690.604
无27(96.43)25(89.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1322531230860558678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组病人基线资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组（n=28）对照组（n=28）统计值P
年龄（岁）60.04±12.2162.43±6.71t=-0.9090.367
性别[例（%）]男18(64.29)16(57.14)χ2=0.2990.584
女10(35.71)12(42.86)
BMI（kg/m2）22.78±2.3823.59±2.79t=-1.1730.246
病理分期[例（%）]Ⅱ期9(32.14)8(28.57)χ2=0.0840.771
Ⅲ期19(67.86)20(71.43)
文化程度[例（%）]小学及以下7(25.00)4(14.29)χ2=6.1990.102
初中10(35.71)14(50.00)
高中5(17.86)9(32.14)
本科及以上6(21.43)1(3.57)
婚姻情况[例（%）]已婚25(89.29)26(92.86)χ2=1.0200.600
未婚1(3.57)0(00.00)
丧偶2(7.14)2(7.14)
家庭月收入[例（%）]<5 000元3(10.71)5(17.86)χ2=1.2710.530
5 000~10 000元9(32.15)11(39.29)
>10 000元16(57.14)12(42.85)
慢性病[例（%）]有15(53.57)14(50.00)χ2=0.0720.789
无13(46.43)14(50.00)
化疗方案[例（%）]CapeOx14(50.00)13(46.43)
FOLFOX12(42.86)12(42.86)χ2=0.2370.888
Capecitabine2(7.14)3(10.71)
造口情况[例（%）]有1(3.57)3(10.71)χ2=0.2690.604
无27(96.43)25(89.29)
), ArticleFig(id=1322531230940250455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of exercise adherence between the two groups at different time points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目组别例数干预4周干预8周干预12周F时间值F组间值F交互值
总体依从性干预组2874.17±16.1383.93±12.1188.15±12.120.61479.570①63.169①
对照组2862.98±12.0054.76±10.0547.62±12.77
身体锻炼依从性干预组2872.21±16.5782.59±12.8386.50±14.331.04259.454①53.536①
对照组2863.41±14.8854.28±13.0346.41±13.25
锻炼监测依从性干预组2879.46±18.4988.10±12.7192.26±10.620.17863.261①28.985①
对照组2870.06±12.9262.35±10.9355.86±14.95
主动寻求建议依从性干预组2874.11±17.3283.48±14.1588.39±11.870.77191.436①44.185①
对照组2856.48±11.5651.16±10.4145.14±15.34
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231015747928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同时间点两组运动依从性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目组别例数干预4周干预8周干预12周F时间值F组间值F交互值
总体依从性干预组2874.17±16.1383.93±12.1188.15±12.120.61479.570①63.169①
对照组2862.98±12.0054.76±10.0547.62±12.77
身体锻炼依从性干预组2872.21±16.5782.59±12.8386.50±14.331.04259.454①53.536①
对照组2863.41±14.8854.28±13.0346.41±13.25
锻炼监测依从性干预组2879.46±18.4988.10±12.7192.26±10.620.17863.261①28.985①
对照组2870.06±12.9262.35±10.9355.86±14.95
主动寻求建议依从性干预组2874.11±17.3283.48±14.1588.39±11.870.77191.436①44.185①
对照组2856.48±11.5651.16±10.4145.14±15.34
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231087051097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of self-efficacy between the two groups at different time points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组284.60±2.847.11±2.168.08±1.418.69±1.23
对照组284.62±2.305.36±1.885.19±1.595.03±1.43
t值-0.0403.2287.18410.268
P0.9680.002<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231170937178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同时间点两组自我效能比较

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组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组284.60±2.847.11±2.168.08±1.418.69±1.23
对照组284.62±2.305.36±1.885.19±1.595.03±1.43
t值-0.0403.2287.18410.268
P0.9680.002<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231242240347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of 6MWT between the two groups at different time points

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组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组28347.61±49.75387.75±59.87415.54±64.87456.43±73.28
对照组28376.96±70.08375.54±62.14373.11±60.56368.04±55.78
t值-1.8070.5612.5775.137
P0.0760.4570.014<0.001
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不同时间点两组6MWT结果比较

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组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组28347.61±49.75387.75±59.87415.54±64.87456.43±73.28
对照组28376.96±70.08375.54±62.14373.11±60.56368.04±55.78
t值-1.8070.5612.5775.137
P0.0760.4570.014<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231405818205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of grip strength between the two groups at different time points

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组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组2825.33±9.6226.38±8.4828.34±8.5529.80±9.44
对照组2825.89±9.4225.06±8.6424.66±8.1723.79±8.95
t值-0.2250.5831.6602.477
P0.8290.5680.1050.018
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231489704286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同时间点两组握力比较

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组别例数基线干预4周干预8周干预12周
干预组2825.33±9.6226.38±8.4828.34±8.5529.80±9.44
对照组2825.89±9.4225.06±8.6424.66±8.1723.79±8.95
t值-0.2250.5831.6602.477
P0.8290.5680.1050.018
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231552618847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of the incidence of exercise-related adverse events between the two groups

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组别例数肌肉酸痛关节疼痛头晕心脏不适
干预组287(25.00)2(7.14)3(10.71)0(0.00)
对照组2816(57.14)5(17.86)7(25.00)3(10.71)
χ2值5.9761.4691.948
P0.0150.2250.1630.029①
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231632310624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

两组运动不良事件发生率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数肌肉酸痛关节疼痛头晕心脏不适
干预组287(25.00)2(7.14)3(10.71)0(0.00)
对照组2816(57.14)5(17.86)7(25.00)3(10.71)
χ2值5.9761.4691.948
P0.0150.2250.1630.029①
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231712002401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of the incidence of chemotherapy-related adverse events between the two groups

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组别例数骨髓抑制胃肠道反应周围神经损伤
1级或2级3级及以上1级或2级3级及以上1级或2级3级及以上
干预组2827(96.43)1(3.57)24(85.71)4(14.29)25(89.29)3(10.71)
对照组2823(82.14)5(17.86)20(71.43)8(28.57)19(71.43)9(28.57)
χ2值1.6801.6972.828
P0.1950.1930.093
), ArticleFig(id=1322531231783305570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168722232554474, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

两组化疗不良事件发生率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数骨髓抑制胃肠道反应周围神经损伤
1级或2级3级及以上1级或2级3级及以上1级或2级3级及以上
干预组2827(96.43)1(3.57)24(85.71)4(14.29)25(89.29)3(10.71)
对照组2823(82.14)5(17.86)20(71.43)8(28.57)19(71.43)9(28.57)
χ2值1.6801.6972.828
P0.1950.1930.093
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基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用
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陈小敏 1, 2 , 李垚 3 , 夏敏 2 , 吴逸梅 2 , 闫盼盼 3 , 葛莉丽 4 , 吴茜 4, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(9): 1448-1457
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (9) : 1448 -1457
基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用
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陈小敏，硕士研究生在读

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陈小敏1, 2, 李垚3, 夏敏2, 吴逸梅2, 闫盼盼3, 葛莉丽4, 吴茜4, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南通市第一人民医院，江苏 226006
  • 2同济大学医学院
  • 3河南大学护理与健康学院
  • 4同济大学附属第十人民医院
通讯作者:
吴茜，E-mail：
WU Qian, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈小敏，硕士研究生在读

Application of an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery
Xiaomin CHEN1, 2, Yao LI3, Min XIA2, Yimei WU2, Panpan YAN3, Lili GE4, Qian WU4
Affiliations
  • 1Nantong First People's Hospital, Jiangsu 226006 China
  • 2Tongji University School of Medicine
  • 3Henan University School of Nursing and Health
  • 4Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.004
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摘要
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目的

探究基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用效果。

方法

选取上海市1所三级甲等医院行术后辅助化疗的56例结直肠癌病人作为研究对象，随机分为干预组和对照组各28例，对照组采用常规随访和健康手册指导，干预组采用基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案，干预时间为12周。评估两组病人的运动依从性、运动自我效能、6 min步行试验、握力，同时比较两组病人运动过程中不良事件发生率。

结果

两组病人总体运动依从性及各维度运动依从性时间与组别的交互效应有统计学意义（P<0.05）；运动自我效能评分的时间效应、组间效应和交互效应均有统计学意义（P<0.001）；6 min步行试验和握力在时间效应和交互效应上有统计学意义（P<0.001）。干预组肌肉酸痛和心脏不适发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。

结论

助推策略联合计划行为理论的运动干预安全可行，有助于提升结直肠癌化疗病人的运动自我效能和运动依从性，改善病人的身体机能。

结直肠癌  /  辅助化疗  /  助推方案  /  计划行为理论  /  运动依从性  /  自我效能  /  不良事件
Objective

To explore the application effect of an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

A total of 56 colorectal cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 28 cases in each group.The control group received routine follow-up and guidance from a health education booklet.The intervention group received an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior.The intervention lasted for 12 weeks.Exercise adherence,exercise self-efficacy,6-minute walk test,and grip strength were evaluated in both groups.The incidence of adverse events during exercise was also compared between the two groups.

Results

The interaction effects between time and group on overall exercise adherence and adherence in various dimensions were statistically significant(P<0.05).The time effect, group effect, and interaction effect on exercise self-efficacy scores were statistically significant(P<0.001).The time effect and interaction effect on the 6-minute walk test and grip strength were statistically significant(P<0.001).The incidence of muscle soreness and cardiac discomfort in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The exercise intervention combining nudge strategy and the theory of planned behavior is safe and feasible.It helps improve exercise self-efficacy and exercise adherence in colorectal cancer chemotherapy patients and enhances their physical function.

colorectal cancer  /  adjuvant chemotherapy  /  nudge program  /  theory of planned behavior  /  exercise adherence  /  self-efficacy  /  adverse events
陈小敏, 李垚, 夏敏, 吴逸梅, 闫盼盼, 葛莉丽, 吴茜. 基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中的应用. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1448 -1457 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.004
Xiaomin CHEN, Yao LI, Min XIA, Yimei WU, Panpan YAN, Lili GE, Qian WU. Application of an exercise nudge program based on the theory of planned behavior in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy after colorectal cancer surgery[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (9) : 1448 -1457 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.004
正文
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2022年全球癌症数据统计显示，结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率居高不下[1]。单一手术难以实现完全根治癌症，术后辅助化疗已成为结直肠癌治疗中预防术后复发、提高生存率的关键措施[2]。由于化疗药物的毒性作用，病人在化疗期间往往遭受着恶心呕吐、癌性疲乏、周围神经病变等不适症状，病人的肌肉力量和活动能力进一步下降，生活质量显著下降[3]。运动作为抗肿瘤治疗的辅助手段，能够有效缓解肿瘤相关症状，减轻癌症治疗相关的不良反应，显著改善癌症病人健康状况，提高病人的生活质量[4]。研究表明，运动可以减少结直肠癌的复发和转移，改善结直肠癌病人的预后[5]。运动依从性是决定运动干预效果的关键因素之一，然而现阶段结直肠癌病人在化疗期间的运动依从性普遍偏低，且随着时间的推移依从性逐渐下降[6]。运动依从性与病人的运动动机、自我效能、对运动的感知障碍等主观因素密切相关[7-8]。计划行为理论是目前常用的社会心理学模型之一，认为人的行为行动取决于人的行为意向[9]。该理论已广泛应用于癌症病人运动干预的研究中，取得了较好的干预效果[10-11]。然而，个体在进行行为决策时常常受到非理性因素的影响，出现决策偏差，导致无法达成预期结果[12]。而“助推”则是通过重构决策环境，有效修正个体的认知偏差，促使其在非理想状态下仍能做出效益最大化的行为选择，具有及时、有效、低成本的优点[13]。目前，助推作为一种促进健康行为的有效策略，可以提高个体的身体活动水平，减少久坐行为，其多种助推策略（如信息提醒、反馈、激励等）在癌症、糖尿病、冠心病等慢性病领域得到广泛应用，效果良好[14-16]。本研究基于计划行为理论结合助推策略制定运动助推方案，旨在提高结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动依从性，进而改善病人的生活质量和身体机能。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用便利抽样法，选取2023年11月—2024年9月上海市某三级甲等医院结直肠癌病人作为研究对象。纳入标准：年龄>18岁；依据美国癌症协会指南[17]中病理学或影像学诊断标准确诊为结直肠癌Ⅱ/Ⅲ期的已行根治性手术切除的病人；正在接受术后辅助化学治疗且通过运动安全评估可以进行运动锻炼的病人；主要器官功能正常，日常生活活动能力正常[东部肿瘤协作组体能状态评分（ECOG)0~1分或卡氏功能状态评分（KPS）>70分]；没有出血性疾病或凝血功能障碍；具备正常的精神状态与社会参与能力、感知觉与沟通能力。排除标准：身体活动障碍无法完成规定运动处方者；合并有心肺功能不全、脑卒中、肝肾衰竭等严重器质性疾病不能承受干预措施及调查的病人。退出标准：无法完成运动干预内容、调查问卷及随访，故意或无意不遵从与研究相关要求；病人出现严重不良事件或严重化疗不良反应，研究者认定有必要终止研究。所有病人均自愿参与研究，已签署知情同意书。
样本量计算：根据以往的研究[18]获得癌症病人干预后的6 min步行试验均值差为108.64 m，标准差为110.26 m，设定Ⅰ类错误概率α=0.05，把握度1-β=0.9，两组例数比例设为1∶1，假设失访率为20%，计算干预组和对照组各至少各28例，因此最终样本量56例。根据计算机生成的随机列表，由不参与本研究的人员将纳入病人以1∶1的比例随机分配到干预组和对照组。本研究已通过医院的伦理委员会批准（伦理批件号：SHSY-IEC-5.0/23K60/P01），并已在中国临床试验中心（www.chictr.org.cn）登记（登记号：ChiCTR 2400087302），并遵循随机对照试验报告统一标准声明（CONSORT ）2010报告规范。
1.2　干预方法
1.2.1　干预组
1.2.1.1　成立干预团队
本研究小组成员包括研究生导师即护理副主任1人、胃肠外科护士长1人、胃肠外科副主任医师2人、运动康复师1人、主管护师2人、护理硕士研究生2人。研究生导师为组长，胃肠外科护士长为副组长，负责整个研究思路把控及质量控制；2名护理硕士研究生为实施者，负责运动助推方案的落实；医生和运动康复负责为病人进行运动评估和制定运动处方，提供相关运动方案指导；护士负责收集病人的结局指标及随访工作。
1.2.1.2　制定基于计划行为理论的结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动助推方案
干预团队采用循证研究方法，对结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动管理进行证据总结，同时结合结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人运动体验的半结构访谈结果，制定结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人运动助推方案的初稿。采用专家会议法，邀请从事结直肠肿瘤诊疗、结直肠肿瘤护理、伤口造口护理、运动康复领域的专家对方案的可行性和科学性进行评价，根据专家意见进行对运动助推方案进行修订，最终形成方案的终稿。
1.2.1.3　实施运动助推方案
实施为期12周的基于计划行为理论的结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动助推方案。研究者将干预分为改变行为态度、促进主观规范行为、改善病人知觉行为控制、增强运动意向向行为转变4个阶段，在4个阶段采用不同的助推策略进行运动干预管理，具体干预方案见表1。
1.2.1.4　方案实施注意事项
1）运动指导：在病人住院期间，康复师和研究生对病人进行2次或3次面对面指导，并发放运动指南手册和运动跟练视频，确保病人掌握有氧运动、抗阻运动、柔韧性运动的正确方法。在居家阶段，每个月为病人提供线上视频指导，对病人锻炼动作进行指导和纠正，保证运动的有效性。2）运动保障：教会病人自主测量脉搏的方法，病人如出现心慌、腹疝、剧烈疼痛、眩晕等其他不适则立即停止运动并休息，如不适不能缓解，则指导病人立即来院就医。每个月根据病人运动耐受度和化疗不良反应情况，对其个性化运动计划进行调整。3）运动监测：每天给病人推送运动提醒的信息，并要求病人在微信群里分享每日运动情况。如病人1周信息回复次数或微信分享次数<2次，则需要电话或微信联系病人了解病人运动计划的完成情况；对于未完成运动目标的病人询问具体的原因，并给予解决方案，督促病人完成运动目标，必要时联系医生或康复师对其运动计划进行调整。对于每周完成运动目标的病人发放奖品，激励病人完成运动计划。
1.2.2　对照组
给予常规护理，发放化疗期间运动指导的宣教手册。1）在住院期间护士对病人讲解所用化疗药物的相关注意事项，告知其相关的化疗不良反应，提供化疗期间的饮食指导和日常生活指导；2）做好病人的情绪疏导，给予心理护理；3）发放化疗期间运动指导手册，推荐病人进行中等强度有氧运动，每周3~5 d，每天30 min。同时进行抗阻运动每周2次或3次，每次20~40 min。告知病人在运动过程中如有不适及时停止并休息，与研究者联系确保其安全；4）发放运动日志，让病人记录每天运动情况，每个月进行随访，询问运动情况，给予相关健康宣教。
1.3　研究工具及指标
1.3.1　病人一般资料调查表
在查阅文献后，由研究者自行设计，包括年龄、性别、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、体质指数（body mass index，BMI）、合并症（心肺疾病、糖尿病等）、肿瘤病理类型、病理分期、化疗方案、化疗周期等情况。
1.3.2　运动依从性量表
该量表由我国研究者翁桂珍[19]2014年研制，包括身体锻炼依从、锻炼监测依从、主动寻求建议依从3个维度、15个条目。每个条目采用1~4级评分，即根本做不到、偶尔做得到、基本做得到、完全做得到分别赋值1、2、3、4分，各条目累积得分越高，代表依从性水平越高。依从率=实际依从性得分/理论依从最高分×100%。量表总体 Cronbach's α系数为 0.814，具有较好的内部一致性及信效度。
1.3.3　运动自我效能（Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale,SEE）
量表由Resnick等编制，共9个条目，用于测量病人进行运动锻炼的信心。量表总分0~90分，得分越高表明病人运动信心越高[20-21]。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.72。
1.3.4　病人的体能情况
1）6 min步行试验（six-minute walk test，6MWT）：测试人员先测量50 m的距离，测试人员分别站在50 m的起点和终点，提前告诉受试者6 min内进行50 m的折返走，直到计时停止。测试期间，测试人员在一旁进行保护，以免摔倒。每测1次休息10 min，共测试2次，取最好成绩。2）握力：测量病人非利手的握力，使用国产CAMRY（型号EH101）电子握力计，病人手持握力计，要求身体直立，双臂要求自然下垂，且要求握力计能够不与身体和衣物接触，掌心向内，表盘朝外，根据病人手型进行适当调整握距，一次性用力握紧握力计，读数并记录，结果取3次平均值，精确至0.1 kg。
1.3.5　不良事件发生率
不良事件是指发生对受试者造成额外痛苦或健康风险的情况，且该事件与研究干预措施存在潜在关联性。当出现下列任一情形时，可判定为发生严重不良事件：1）直接导致死亡；2）构成即刻生命威胁；3）需住院治疗或延长住院时间；4）造成持久性功能损害或劳动能力丧失。在化疗期间，记录病人出现的不良反应，如胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制以及周围神经损伤。从病人每次随诊的电子病历中查阅，参照美国国家癌症研究所常见不良事件评价标准（CTCAE）第5版将不良反应分为1~5级[22]。在实施运动的过程中，要求病人记录每次运动时发生的运动相关不良反应，如骨骼肌酸痛、关节不适、眩晕以及心脏不适症状等。
1.4　资料收集与质量控制方法
1.4.1　资料收集
资料收集时间分别为入组当天、干预第4周、干预第8周、干预第12周。研究者负责入组当天收集病人的一般资料，由不清楚病人分组的责任护士在入组当天、干预第4周、干预第8周、干预第12周时评估病人的运动依从性、运动自我效能、6MWT、握力。
1.4.2　质量控制
1）课题组成员各有分工，在实施前对团队成员进行统一规范化培训，确保同质化管理。2）为保证居家运动的质量，给病人提供运动处方的指导手册和运动视频，保证病人能够掌握运动内容。研究者通过病人的运动日记了解病人的运动情况。运动日记中记录运动量和运动感受，记录从基线开始，持续到干预12周结束后；运动分为有氧运动、抗阻运动和其他运动，记录每种活动类型每天的运动时间；鼓励病人每天在运动日记中记录运动不良事件的发生情况。
1.5　统计学方法
采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析，定性资料采用频数、百分比（%）描述，符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差（x±s）描述。定性资料组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法，符合正态分布的定量资料组间比较采用两独立样本t检验，两组不同时间点比较采用重复测量方差分析进行，各时间点结局指标随时间变化趋势图采用Excel2019制作。本研究采用末次观察值转换法处理缺失值。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　两组病人基线资料比较
研究过程中，4例病人对研究没有兴趣，2例病人考虑自身状况太差拒绝参与研究，共纳入56例病人。对照组1例病人因疾病并发症无法继续完成运动任务退出研究；随访期间，干预组失访1例，对照组失访2例，最终共52例病人完成本研究，其中，干预组27例，对照组25例。病人纳入情况见图1。两组病人年龄、性别、BMI、病理分期、文化程度、婚姻状况、家庭月收入、慢性病、化疗方案以及造口情况比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），见表2。
2.2　两组不同时间点运动依从性比较
经Shapiro-Wilk检验并结合直方图判断，不同时间点运动依从性重复测量方差分析残差近似正态分布。重复测量方差分析结果显示，两组病人的总体运动依从性及各维度运动依从性在组间效应和交互效应上有统计学意义（P<0.05）。随着干预时间的推移，干预组总体运动依从性及各维度运动依从性呈现缓慢上升趋势，而对照组整体呈下降趋势，组间差异逐渐增加。在干预第4周、第8周和第12周，干预组的总体治疗依从性、锻炼监测依从性、主动寻求建议依从性均高于对照组（P<0.05）。在干预第8周和第12周，干预组的身体锻炼依从性高于对照组（P<0.05）。具体见表3和图2。
2.3　两组不同时间点运动自我效能比较
经Shapiro-Wilk检验并结合直方图判断，不同时间点运动自我效能分值重复测量方差分析残差近似正态分布。重复测量方差分析结果显示，运动自我效能评分在时间效应、组间效应和交互效应上均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组自我效能分值在基线时比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.968），随后各时间点干预组自我效能分值均高于对照组（P<0.05），且组间差异呈上升趋势。时间简单效应分析结果显示，对照组在各个测量时点均保持稳定，未呈现显著变化（P>0.05）；而干预组各时间点差值比较有统计学意义（P<0.05），整体呈上升趋势。具体见表4。
2.4　两组不同时间点6MWT结果比较
经Shapiro-Wilk检验并结合直方图判断，不同时间点6MWT重复测量方差分析残差近似正态分布。重复测量方差分析结果显示，6MWT在时间主效应和交互效应上均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。组间简单效应分析结果显示，在初始评估和干预4周时，两组6MWT比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；随着干预时间延长，至第8周和第12周时，干预组6MWT明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。时间简单效应分析结果显示，对照组各时间点6MWT差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），而干预组病人6MWT随干预时间延长呈现持续提升趋势（P<0.05）。具体见表5。
2.5　两组不同时间点握力比较
经Shapiro-Wilk检验并结合直方图判断，不同时间点握力重复测量方差分析残差近似正态分布。重复测量方差分析结果显示，两组病人握力结果在时间主效应和交互效应均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。组间简单效应分析结果显示，在初始评估及干预第4周、第8周时，两组握力水平比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；当干预持续至12周时，两组间握力测量值比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。时间简单效应分析结果显示，对照组在不同评估时点的握力测量值比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；而干预组在干预8周和干预12周的握力数值相对基线及干预4周均有显著提升（P<0.05）。具体见表6。
2.6　两组运动不良事件比较
两组病人在运动期间均未发生与运动直接相关的严重不良事件。干预组在运动干预过程中有7例病人发生肌肉酸痛事件，2例发生关节疼痛事件，3例发生了头晕事件，无人发生心脏不适不良事件。两组肌肉酸痛事件和心脏不适事件的发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表7。
2.7　两组化疗不良事件比较
两组病人的骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应以及周围神经损伤方面的化疗不良事件的发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），具体见表8。干预组在干预过程中出现化疗不良反应时及时给予止吐、营养支持、饮食指导、升白细胞、升血小板等对症治疗后症状得到及时缓解，未改变化疗方案。对照组在给予相同对症治疗后，部分病人症状得到缓解，但其中有1例病人发生4级骨髓抑制予以停止化疗方案并退出研究，还有1例病人发生4级周围神经损伤后予以调整化疗药物剂量治疗。
3　讨论
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3.1　基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案有利于提高结直肠癌病人的运动依从性和自我效能
本研究显示，对照组的运动依从性随着时间的推移逐渐下降，而干预组的运动依从性逐渐提高，这与Campbell等[6]研究结果相似，说明在运动干预过程中有必要采取针对性的行为干预策略来保障病人的依从性水平。深入分析运动依从性各维度发现，干预组的锻炼监测依从性和主动寻求建议依从性在各时段均高于对照组。干预组在锻炼监测方面的依从性高于对照组，即干预组在使用运动记录设备和定期反馈运动数据方面的配合度更高，这说明运动助推方案所采取的运动信息提醒和个性化反馈有利于医患交流，增强了病人对运动行为的自我监测能力[10]。从主动寻求建议依从性方面来看，干预组更倾向于主动向医疗团队咨询运动相关问题，这得益于干预方案中的情感助推和激励助推策略。家属和同伴支持缓解了病人治疗期间的负面情绪，阶段性目标奖励也给了病人正向反馈，两者同时激发了病人对运动管理的责任感，促使他们从被动接受转为主动参与。
研究表明，运动自我效能高的病人对自己有充分的信心，且对运动所带来的正面作用抱有更高的主动性，更愿意参与到运动干预中[23]。因此，提高病人的运动自我效能也成为运动干预项目顺利开展的关键因素。本研究结果显示，干预组的运动自我效能明显提高，而对照组无明显变化，说明基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案可以提高病人的运动自我效能，这与Margarida等[24]的研究结果相似。一方面，基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案基于病人对运动的认知态度，采用多样化宣教途径进行针对性指导，让病人感知到运动的益处，促使病人对运动产生积极的结果预期；另一方面，干预方案根据病人个体化的需求和体能情况，为病人制定个性化的运动处方，并发放运动指导手册和视频，降低病人居家运动的难度，同时给病人及家属分享癌症病人积极运动抗癌的榜样故事，从而增强了病人的运动信心，促进病人运动自我效能的提升。
3.2　基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案可以改善结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的身体机能
本研究结果显示，干预组6MWT在干预8周和干预12周时均高于对照组，而干预组握力水平在干预12周时高于对照组，说明基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案可以有效提高结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的身体功能，这与Marta等[25]的研究结果相似。本研究采用有氧运动、抗阻运动、柔韧性运动等多模式的运动方式，有氧运动可以增加病人的获氧量，提高心肺功能，而抗阻运动的肌肉力量练习可以促进肌肉纤维蛋白的合成，有效预防肌肉质量的下降，同时柔韧性运动可以帮助病人放松全身，提高运动效果。相比于对照组，干预组病人体能得到明显提升的原因可能为：研究者在整个运动干预过程中定期提供个性化反馈，根据病人的运动耐受度和化疗反应情况，给予针对性的指导，减少病人的恐慌情绪，保证运动措施的落实。同时，对于运动目标未达标的病人，研究者及时与病人沟通交流，根据病人的体能情况对运动计划进行相应的调整，确保病人运动的安全性和有效性，帮助病人克服运动障碍，从而积极参与到运动锻炼中去，让运动益处最大化，从而有效提高病人的身体机能。
3.3　基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案在结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人中应用的安全性
结果显示，两组病人均未发生与运动直接相关的严重不良事件。肌肉酸痛事件是最常发生的不良事件，干预组中25%的病人发生肌肉酸痛事件，但均轻微且可以自行缓解，并未对病人的活动功能造成影响。但值得注意的是，本研究报告的运动不良事件的发生率高于其他研究中癌症病人运动期间报告的发生率[26-27]。其原因可能与病人在居家运动过程中缺乏运动前热身，运动幅度过大，且病人运动后拉伸时间过短有关。此外，干预组肌肉酸痛和心脏不适的不良事件发生率低于对照组。由此可见，运动助推方案在病人进行运动前对病人进行了充分的运动评估，在确定个性化运动处方的同时还制定了详细的运动安全保障措施，保障病人运动安全。同时，在病人居家运动期间提供运动跟练视频和线上指导，鼓励病人家属参与运动监督，保证病人动作的准确性，从而避免运动相关不良事件的发生。
同时，本研究结果表明，干预组发生严重化疗不良反应（3/4级）的比例低于对照组。与本研究结果不同，Cave等[28]指出运动可以减少病人化疗毒性反应。分析原因可能是不同研究采用不同的标准来评估化疗毒性反应，未来可以采用统一的标准对化疗毒性反应进行评估分级，以增加结果的可靠性。但在本研究中，干预组病人在经过止吐、营养支持、饮食指导、升白细胞、升血小板等对症治疗后症状得到及时缓解，未改变或调整化疗方案；而对照组部分病人却因严重化疗毒性反应而更改化疗方案，降低了化疗剂量。有研究指出，运动可以介导常见的化疗毒性反应，改善病人对化疗剂量的耐受性[28-29]。本研究中研究者定期对病人的身体状况和化疗毒性反应情况进行评估，提出针对性的护理措施，以缓解病人的化疗毒性反应，提高病人对化疗的耐受性。
3.4　本研究的局限性
本研究在结直肠癌化疗病人的运动依从性方面取得了一定的成果，但仍存在一定的局限性。1）受试者数量较少且来自单一医疗机构，可能导致研究结论的外部效度受到制约，需要开展多中心、大样本的临床研究进一步验证本干预方案的普适性。2）本研究缺乏运动干预后的随访结果，结直肠癌术后辅助化疗周期一般为6个月，本研究的干预时间为3个月，缺少化疗后期运动情况的追踪数据，难以充分评估干预措施的远期疗效；建议延长干预周期并设置更长期的疗效观察终点，以评估该方案的持续效应。3）本研究病人报告的运动不良事件发生率较高，病人居家运动的安全管理仍需进一步完善，建议在后续的居家运动干预中指导病人完成充分的热身和放松活动，同时配备可穿戴设备加强对病人运动状态、生理指标的动态监测，保证病人的运动安全。
4　小结
收起
基于计划行为理论的运动助推方案安全可行，有助于提高结直肠癌术后辅助化疗病人的运动依从性、自我效能和身体机能。未来建议进一步开展大样本、多中心的研究，配备可穿戴设备监测病人潜在的运动风险，进一步完善运动助推方案；同时，延长干预周期并设置长期的疗效观察终点，以评估和验证运动助推方案对结直肠癌化疗病人带来的持续性效益。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.09.004
  • 接收时间：2025-08-19
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-08-19
  • 修回日期：2026-03-18
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    1南通市第一人民医院，江苏 226006
    2同济大学医学院
    3河南大学护理与健康学院
    4同济大学附属第十人民医院

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