Article(id=1322168682193732118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168583854080893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=1774627200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159178541, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159178541, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159178541, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159178541, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168583854080893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='1241', pageEnd='1424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159155095, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159155095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1391, endPage=1395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168682382475799, articleId=1322168682193732118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application progress of life course theory in the field of nursing, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper reviewed the origin,development context,core principles of the life course theory and its application status in the field of nursing at home and abroad,with the aim of broadening the research perspective and providing a theoretical basis for further promoting the in-depth development of the life course theory in the field of nursing.

, authors=Pengjun ZHOU1, Hui HU1, 2, Yating AI1, Gao CHEN1, Xiaotong WANG1, Shi ZHOU1, Yucan LI1, authorsList=Pengjun ZHOU, Hui HU, Yating AI, Gao CHEN, Xiaotong WANG, Shi ZHOU, Yucan LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HU Hui, E-mail:
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综述生命历程理论的起源、发展脉络、核心原理及其在国内外护理领域中的应用现状,以期拓展研究视角,为进一步推动生命历程理论在护理领域的深入发展提供理论依据。

, authors=周芃君1, 胡慧1, 2, *, *, *, 艾亚婷1, 陈高1, 汪小彤1, 周诗1, 李雨灿1, authorsList=周芃君, 胡慧, 艾亚婷, 陈高, 汪小彤, 周诗, 李雨灿, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡慧, authorNote=

周芃君,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
胡慧,E-mail:
HU Hui, E-mail:
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生命历程理论在护理领域中的应用进展
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周芃君 1 , 胡慧 1, 2, *, *, * , 艾亚婷 1 , 陈高 1 , 汪小彤 1 , 周诗 1 , 李雨灿 1
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(8): 1391-1395
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (8) : 1391 -1395
生命历程理论在护理领域中的应用进展
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周芃君1, 胡慧1, 2, *, *, * , 艾亚婷1, 陈高1, 汪小彤1, 周诗1, 李雨灿1
作者信息
  • 1湖北中医药大学护理学院,湖北 430065
  • 2湖北时珍实验室
通讯作者:
胡慧,E-mail:
HU Hui, E-mail:
作者简介:

周芃君,硕士研究生在读

Application progress of life course theory in the field of nursing
Pengjun ZHOU1, Hui HU1, 2 , Yating AI1, Gao CHEN1, Xiaotong WANG1, Shi ZHOU1, Yucan LI1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei 430065 China
  • 2Hubei Shizhen Laboratory
  • Corresponding Author:
    HU Hui, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.020
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综述生命历程理论的起源、发展脉络、核心原理及其在国内外护理领域中的应用现状,以期拓展研究视角,为进一步推动生命历程理论在护理领域的深入发展提供理论依据。

生命历程理论  /  风险预测  /  健康老龄化  /  护理  /  综述

This paper reviewed the origin,development context,core principles of the life course theory and its application status in the field of nursing at home and abroad,with the aim of broadening the research perspective and providing a theoretical basis for further promoting the in-depth development of the life course theory in the field of nursing.

life course theory  /  risk prediction  /  healthy aging  /  nursing  /  review
周芃君, 胡慧, 艾亚婷, 陈高, 汪小彤, 周诗, 李雨灿. 生命历程理论在护理领域中的应用进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1391 -1395 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.020
Pengjun ZHOU, Hui HU, Yating AI, Gao CHEN, Xiaotong WANG, Shi ZHOU, Yucan LI. Application progress of life course theory in the field of nursing[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1391 -1395 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.020
《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[1]明确提出,要以健康为中心构建全生命周期健康服务体系,强调从全人群和全生命周期两个着力点出发,针对生命不同阶段的主要健康问题及主要影响因素,建立覆盖从胎儿到生命终点的全程健康服务和保障体系,全面维护人民健康。近年来,随着生命历程研究的迅速发展,生命历程理论(life course theory,LCT)在护理领域中的应用也逐渐深化。该理论将生命历程视为贯穿于个体一生的一个动态发展的过程,强调了个体在不同生命阶段所经历的社会事件和角色转变,以及这些事件对个体发展轨迹的影响[2]。作为社会科学的基本理论,生命历程理论不仅局限于单一学科,基于该理论分析个体在不同生命阶段的生理、心理和社会因素对健康的影响,也可为护理实践提供理论支持[2-3]。目前,国外学者已将生命历程理论广泛应用于理解个体健康轨迹的形成过程[4]以及早期生活因素和经历对老龄化影响的研究[5]中,而该理论在国内护理领域中的应用尚处于起步阶段,有待进一步探索。因此,本研究对生命历程理论的起源、发展脉络、核心原理与主要内容进行综述,对该理论在国内外护理领域中的研究现状进行归纳,旨在丰富相关理论研究,为制定科学、系统的全生命周期健康管理方案提供理论指导。
生命历程理论是由社会学家Elder等[6]提出的一种研究理论框架,用于分析个体的发展轨迹如何受到社会结构、历史变迁和个人能动性的影响,强调了个体的生命轨迹是由生物、心理、社会和环境等因素所共同塑造。该理论的起源可追溯至20世纪早期的儿童发展纵向研究,此时的研究主要侧重于代际传递和家庭生命周期,尚未形成系统的生命历程概念[7]。20世纪60年代,有研究在分析经济条件不断变化的“大萧条时期”对儿童成年后生活的影响时发现,个体的生命轨迹不仅受生理因素的影响,更与社会变迁、历史事件和生活路径等密切相关。然而,此时学界还未建立相关的理论研究,生命历程的相关概念也很少被提及。这一发现不仅揭示了传统发展理论在解释历史背景对个体发展的长期影响方面的不足,更是推动了理论研究从“生命周期”到“生命历程”的转变,使生命历程理论逐渐取代传统的社会化研究框架,成了社会科学研究的重要范式[7-9]。随着生命历程研究方法的体系化和规范化以及相关研究的不断深入,生命历程理论作为跨学科研究的重要理论工具,也逐渐扩展到多个学科领域,包括心理学[10-11]、社会学[12-13]、公共卫生[14-15]等,为解决健康不平等[16-17]、老龄化[18-20]、慢性病预防[21-23]等社会问题提供了新的研究视角,也为制定覆盖全生命周期的健康政策提供了理论支撑[24]。
Giele等[25]通过对生命历程理论的基本观点进行系统的归纳与总结,提出了生命历程研究范式的5个核心原理,这也标志着生命历程理论的基本观点及理论体系的日趋成熟,其核心原理主要包括以下几个方面。
全生命过程的发展即个体的发展是一个贯穿终生的过程,早期生命阶段(如童年和成年早期)的累积效应会对晚年生活产生持续性影响,这种跨时间维度的纵向研究范式也使人们更加关注长期的社会变化对个体发展的影响[7,26]。该理论强调个体的健康和发展是一个终身连续的过程,基于此,护理人员在关注病人不同生命阶段的生理、心理和社会需求变化的同时,也应关注病人整个生命过程中的健康需求和发展变化,而不仅仅只局限于单一的疾病或某一阶段。此外,护理人员在全生命周期的动态视角下,还可将不同生命阶段的护理理论和知识进行整合,关注健康风险的累积效应[27]和对远期健康结局的风险预测[28-29],以构建更加全面、系统的研究理论框架。
一定时空中的生活或称个体所处的时期和地域,主要强调了个体所处的历史时期和地理位置对其生命轨迹的影响,即个体的生命轨迹由其出生和成长的时代背景、地理环境共同塑造,并通过队列效应或时期效应得以体现[9,26]。因此,护理人员还需考虑宏观社会因素对个体健康的影响,结合社会生态学理论[30],考虑生命历程中各阶段特殊环境与个体相互作用对健康发展的影响[31],将健康问题置于具体的社会、文化和环境中进行分析,便于更好地理解病人的健康观念、行为习惯和健康需求,并及时调整干预方案,为护理实践提供更全面的理论指导。
相互联系的生活即个体的生命轨迹并非孤立存在,而是与复杂的社会网络紧密相连,家庭、代际关系和社会支持系统都对个体的发展具有重要影响。不仅个体所经历的生活事件之间存在相互联系,个体的生命历程也与他人的生命历程彼此相关[7,26]。因此,护理人员应从系统的角度分析病人的家庭、代际关系及社会支持网络对其健康的影响,关注病人的亲友、同伴等社会支持系统,为其提供必要的支持和指导,如同伴支持干预[32]、家庭网络干预[33]等,以便向病人提供更加全面的支持和帮助。
生命事件的发生时机或时间性表明生命事件的发生时机及其所处的历史背景往往比事件本身对个体的影响更为重要,即生命事件发生的时机对个体生命轨迹影响的重要性甚至超过事件本身[7,26]。基于此,护理人员在理论研究与临床实践中应关注生命不同阶段的关键事件和转折点[34],把握干预的最佳时机,在关键节点提供及时、有效的干预措施,为护理实践提供更具针对性的理论指导。
个人主观能动性即个体在宏观历史条件的约束下仍然具有主动塑造生命轨迹的能力,在与宏观因素的互动过程中会不断调适和改变行为,通过选择和行动来塑造自己的生命历程,强调个体在自身发展中的主动性[26,35]。从生命历程的视角来看,个体的健康是一个动态发展的过程,每个个体在生命历程中的任何阶段都有健康发展的潜能[31]。护理人员应当充分重视个人发展过程中的主观能动性,针对生命历程的各个阶段的特点,提升病人的健康发展能力,丰富相关的健康资源,以促进病人生理、心理、行为等多个健康维度的协调发展[31]。此外,护理人员还应关注病人的主观体验和内在需求,鼓励病人参与护理计划的制定与实施过程,推动病人从“被动治疗”到“主动健康”的转变,进一步完善关于病人主动健康行为[36-37]与决策辅助工具[38-39]等方面的相关研究。
生命历程理论作为理解健康问题的重要理论框架,强调了个体从胎儿期到老年期的健康状态是一个连续、动态的过程,生物与社会因素通过独立、累积及交互作用共同塑造个体的健康轨迹。此外,该理论认为许多慢性病的起源可以追溯至童年早期,甚至胎儿期。早期暴露的风险因素可通过累积效应和一系列相互联系的暴露对成年后的健康结局造成影响[40-42]。因此,生命历程理论强调生命早期健康促进和疾病预防的重要性,主张通过早期干预来预防慢性病的发生,也为慢性病的早期预防提供了思路。Yang等[43]通过分析我国慢性非传染性疾病风险因素在整个生命历程中的自然轨迹,指出慢性病的发生并非仅由成年期的行为所决定,而是生命早期至晚期的持续暴露共同作用的结果。许多慢性病的风险因素在生命早期就开始积累,且生命早期的环境变化可通过代际差异体现在慢性病风险因素水平中。因此,慢性病的预防需从生命早期切入,通过早期识别高危人群及可改变的风险因素,进而采取措施进行疾病预防、及时干预和跨生命周期的健康促进,以减少危险因素的累积效应,降低慢性病的发生风险,提高个体的健康水平。Zhang等[44]基于一项长期的纵向队列研究,纳入了1 391名从儿童期随访至中年的参与者,采用生命历程轨迹分析和中介分析方法,对儿童期到成年期肥胖及其生命历程累计负担对中年颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(cIMT)的影响进行了定量分析,阐明了肥胖对血管结构的有害影响始于生命早期,并在整个生命历程中逐渐累积,证实了心血管风险因素(如血压、血糖、血脂等)在肥胖导致血管壁增厚过程中发挥的重要中介作用。该研究强调了从儿童期开始控制体重的重要性,为心血管疾病的生命早期起源提供了实证依据,也为全生命周期健康管理提供了视角,对制定早期肥胖相关动脉粥样硬化的预防策略具有重要临床意义。因此,在临床实践中医护人员可将从儿童期开始的体重控制作为一种必要的干预策略,以控制高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病,从而降低未来罹患心血管疾病的风险。此外,护理人员在针对不同病人制定健康管理方案时,也应综合评估病人整个生命历程中的多种风险因素,并根据具体的风险因素及其发展机制进行个体化干预及健康指导,以预防不良健康结局的发生发展。
生命历程理论认为健康在生命历程中是不断动态变化的,也为分析个体全生命周期健康变化的动态轨迹提供了重要的研究视角。通过分析个体的健康轨迹,医护人员可识别出可能导致未来健康问题的风险因素,揭示个体健康状态随时间的变化趋势,对预测未来疾病风险和改善特定人群的健康状况方面具有重要指导意义[31,45]。有研究采用中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,基于生命历程理论对7 289名成年人体质指数(BMI)动态变化轨迹进行了纵向分析,揭示了成年早期至中期(20~50岁)不同的BMI变化模式对糖尿病发病风险的影响[46]。研究指出,个体在成年早期至中期的BMI变化趋势是糖尿病风险的重要预测指标之一,BMI增长速度较快的个体后期更容易发展为糖尿病,为慢性病的防治提供了思路[46]。基于此,通过关注个体在生命历程中的健康变化动态轨迹,护理人员可以更加及时地识别潜在高风险人群,并采取针对性的干预措施。在临床实践中,护理人员在评估病人糖尿病风险时也应系统评估病人BMI的变化趋势,而非仅关注当前体重状态。对于BMI增长速度较快的个体,即使其当前BMI水平尚未达到临床肥胖诊断标准,也应视为高风险人群,需要对其进行更密切的监测,并采取更积极的体重管理和生活方式干预,以减缓BMI的增长速度,从而降低糖尿病的发病风险。此外,生命历程理论还强调某些关键时期的风险因素会对全生命周期的健康轨迹产生更为显著的影响,为预测未来疾病的发生风险提供了重要的理论依据[47]。Zhang等[48]通过对健康轨迹的纵向分析探讨了儿童期起始的血压生命历程轨迹与成年期心血管疾病风险之间的关联,分析了从儿童到成年期间血压变化轨迹对成年左心室肥厚(LVH)的影响,为慢性病全生命周期动态轨迹监测和精准病因防控提供了有价值的纵向队列证据,该研究纳入了Bogalusa心脏纵向队列中的1 154名成年人,这些参与者在儿童期(4~19岁)至成年期(20~51岁)接受了4~15次血压测量,并在成年期进行了超声心动图检查,结果发现青春期(13~19岁)被识别为左心室肥厚发展的一个关键时期,这一时期血压的变化对成年心血管健康具有重要影响,是成年期心血管疾病发生和防治的关键窗口期。因此,医护人员应对生命历程中关键期的健康状况变化引起高度重视,以预防后期不良健康结局的发生。此外,由于生命历程理论强调个体健康状态是随时间动态变化的连续过程,长期随访对于预测未来疾病发生风险至关重要。护理人员应鼓励病人进行定期检查,从生命全周期的视角关注健康变化的动态轨迹和其他风险因素,以便及时发现和处理潜在的健康问题。
随着全球人口老龄化进程的持续加剧,我国已进入深度老龄化社会,老年人群的健康问题也日益凸显,老年人的健康不仅关乎老年人个体的生活质量和家庭的和谐发展,更关系到全社会的民生福祉[49-50]。据统计,我国老年人群的慢性病患病率已高达75.8%,导致疾病负担与经济压力不断加重[51]。生命历程理论强调了个体从出生到老年的整个生命过程中,不同阶段的风险因素对健康的影响存在累积效应,疾病预防应贯穿于个体的整个生命历程,而不仅仅只局限于老年阶段,这也为老年慢性病的防治提供了更为全面的视角。因此,推动老年慢性病防治的关口前移,通过早期识别风险因素并进行预防性干预,以降低慢性病的发病率、延缓疾病进展及减少并发症的发生,对促进健康老龄化具有重要意义。有研究发表了关于“痴呆的预防、干预和照护”的重大报告,提出了痴呆症的生命历程模型,并将生命历程分为早期(<45岁)、中期(45~65岁)和晚期(>65岁)3个阶段,每个阶段都有特定的风险因素,且不同阶段的风险因素对痴呆症的发生和发展都有不同的影响,通过调节整个生命历程中的危险因素,或能延缓或预防40%的痴呆病例发生[52]。Meng等[53]根据痴呆风险因素,开发了针对老年人的多领域干预措施,对生活在社区的96名高危老年人进行了为期6个月的随机对照试验,干预组接受为期6个月的多领域干预,包括痴呆知识普及、体育活动、认知训练、社交活动以及可选模块(营养、戒烟、抑郁管理和糖尿病管理等),对照组则接受常规健康教育。研究结果也验证了基于生命历程模型的多领域干预措施在预防痴呆症中的有效性,以及其在降低痴呆风险和提高老年人认知功能的潜力。因此,通过推动老年慢性疾病防治的关口前移,在疾病早期或前疾病阶段进行及时干预,可有效延缓或阻止疾病发展,减轻家庭和社会的经济负担,提升老年人群的生活质量和幸福感,为促进健康老龄化奠定基础。
生命历程理论在护理领域的应用不仅有助于推动护理理论的深化、实践方法的创新以及跨学科研究的发展,也为护理人员合理应对健康不平等问题提供了更为全面的理论支持及实践指导。未来还可进一步探索如何将生命历程理论更有效地整合到临床实践中,以满足不同人群的需求。同时,还可将生命历程理论与其他社会科学理论相结合,进一步推动护理实践的多元化发展及跨学科合作,帮助护理人员更深入地理解个体行为、影响因素,以及其在不同生命阶段的健康需求。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.020
  • 接收时间:2025-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08
  • 修回日期:2026-03-28
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    1湖北中医药大学护理学院,湖北 430065
    2湖北时珍实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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