Article(id=1322168611242881236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=1766851200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159161624, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159161624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159161624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159161624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1028, endPage=1031, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168611595202773, articleId=1322168611242881236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Synergistic intervention effect of aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking on ectopic fat deposition in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking therapy on ectopic fat deposition in pancreatic,liver,and muscle tissues in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Methods

A total of 140 patients with impaired glucose tolerance in Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University were selected as the study subjects from December 2021 to October 2023.They were randomly divided into four groups using a random number table,namely the aerobic exercise group,the auricular point sticking group,the combined intervention group,and the control group,with 35 patients in each group.The control group received routine management.The aerobic exercise group received structured exercise intervention in addition to routine management.The auricular point sticking group received auricular point sticking therapy in addition to routine management.The combined intervention group received both structured exercise intervention and auricular point sticking therapy in addition to routine management.Before the intervention and after 6 months of intervention,the patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),liver proton density fat fraction(PDFF),pancreatic fat fraction(PFF),psoas muscle fat fraction,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT) volume were measured.

Results

A total of 106 patients were finally included,with 24 in the aerobic exercise group,28 in the auricular point sticking group,22 in the combined intervention group,and 32 in the control group.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) for the abdominal fat measurement indicators ranged from 0.812 to 0.897(all P<0.001).After 6 months of intervention,there were statistically significant differences in terms of HbA1c,VAT,PDFF,PFF,and psoas muscle fat fraction among the four groups(all P<0.05).Factorial analysis results showed that aerobic exercise and auricular point sticking had synergistic effects on improving HbA1c,PDFF,and PFF(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking can synergistically reduce PDFF and PFF levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance,and improve HbA1c.It has great significance in delaying the progression of impaired glucose tolerance and preventing diabetes.

, authors=Jun ZHAO1, Qingqing LOU1, Qingyao LI1, Jitao FENG2, authorsList=Jun ZHAO, Qingqing LOU, Qingyao LI, Jitao FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jitao FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
FENG Jitao, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168611989467350, articleId=1322168611242881236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=有氧运动联合耳穴贴压对糖耐量异常病人异位脂肪沉积的协同干预效应, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评估有氧运动联合耳穴贴压治疗对糖耐量异常病人胰腺、肝脏及肌肉组织异位脂肪沉积的影响。

方法

于2021年12月—2023年10月选取南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院、中医药科大学附属浦口中医院140例糖耐量异常病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为有氧运动组、耳穴贴压组、联合干预组、对照组4组,每组35例。对照组实施常规管理,有氧运动组在常规管理基础上实施结构化运动干预,耳穴贴压组在常规管理基础上实施耳穴贴压治疗,联合干预组在常规管理基础上同步实施结构化运动干预方案和耳穴贴压治疗。干预前及干预6个月后,对病人糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、肝脏质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)、胰腺脂肪分数(PFF)、腰大肌脂肪分数、内脏脂肪体积(VAT)进行测量。

结果

最终共纳入106例病人,其中有氧运动组纳入24例病人,耳穴贴压组纳入28例病人,联合干预组纳入22例病人,对照组纳入32例病人。腹部脂肪测量指标的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.812~0.897(均P<0.001)。干预6个月后,4组病人的HbA1c、VAT、PDFF、PFF及腰大肌脂肪分数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。析因分析结果显示,有氧运动与耳穴贴压对HbA1c、PDFF及PFF的改善存在协同效应(均P<0.05)。

结论

有氧运动联合耳穴贴压可协同降低糖耐量异常病人的PDFF及PFF水平,改善病人HbA1c,对延缓糖耐量异常进展及预防糖尿病具有重要意义。

, authors=赵俊1, 楼青青1, 李清瑶1, 冯纪涛2, *, *, authorsList=赵俊, 楼青青, 李清瑶, 冯纪涛, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=冯纪涛, authorNote=

赵俊,主管护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
冯纪涛,E-mail:
FENG Jitao, E-mail:
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articleTitle=饮食调整结合温针灸治疗更年期肥胖临床观察, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530279193956560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=61, issue=8, pageStart=1817, pageEnd=1828, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=HEISKANEN M A, MOTIANI K K, MARI A, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEISKANEN M A,MOTIANI K K,MARI A,et al.Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance:a randomised controlled trial[J].Diabetologia,2018,61(8):1817-1828., articleTitle=Exercise training decreases pancreatic fat content and improves beta cell function regardless of baseline glucose tolerance:a randomised controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530279466586321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, doi=null, pmid=null, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=322, issue=5907, pageStart=1539, pageEnd=1543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=SABIO G, DAS M, MORA A, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SABIO G,DAS M,MORA A,et al.A Stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance[J].Science,2008,322(5907):1539-1543., articleTitle=A Stress signaling pathway in adipose tissue regulates hepatic insulin resistance, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530270239117465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530270247506074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, companyId=1322530270239117465, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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University), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530270348169374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, companyId=1322530270331392156, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2中国药科大学附属浦口中医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530273946882239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General and imaging data of the four patient groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数年龄(岁)男(例)BMI(kg/m2)腰围(cm)臀围(cm)HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
有氧运动组2468±61123.8±2.484.0±9.094.2±5.76.2±0.4109.1±51.45.7±4.410.1±3.32.9±0.7
耳穴贴压组2865±41524.8±3.683.5±11.593.6±7.96.2±0.4112.2±41.76.3±4.810.3±3.32.7±0.7
联合干预组2267±51024.1±2.781.3±7.994.0±6.76.2±0.495.3±37.86.3±1.810.1±2.72.8±0.8
对照组3265±61624.9±2.685.0±7.994.2±5.26.1±0.5116.5±46.36.3±4.39.7±3.33.0±0.8
统计值F=1.92χ2=0.12F=0.90F=0.69F=0.07F=0.04F=1.03F=0.10F=0.22F=0.84
P0.130.940.440.560.970.980.370.950.870.47
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274018185408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4组病人一般资料及影像学资料

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组别例数年龄(岁)男(例)BMI(kg/m2)腰围(cm)臀围(cm)HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
有氧运动组2468±61123.8±2.484.0±9.094.2±5.76.2±0.4109.1±51.45.7±4.410.1±3.32.9±0.7
耳穴贴压组2865±41524.8±3.683.5±11.593.6±7.96.2±0.4112.2±41.76.3±4.810.3±3.32.7±0.7
联合干预组2267±51024.1±2.781.3±7.994.0±6.76.2±0.495.3±37.86.3±1.810.1±2.72.8±0.8
对照组3265±61624.9±2.685.0±7.994.2±5.26.1±0.5116.5±46.36.3±4.39.7±3.33.0±0.8
统计值F=1.92χ2=0.12F=0.90F=0.69F=0.07F=0.04F=1.03F=0.10F=0.22F=0.84
P0.130.940.440.560.970.980.370.950.870.47
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274089488577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

ICC test for abdominal fat measurement indicators

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指标ICCP
VAT0.897<0.001
PDFF0.852<0.001
PFF0.873<0.001
腰大肌脂肪分数0.812<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274190151874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

腹部脂肪测量指标的ICC检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标ICCP
VAT0.897<0.001
PDFF0.852<0.001
PFF0.873<0.001
腰大肌脂肪分数0.812<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274429227203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of abdominal fat measurement indicators among the four groups after 6 months of intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
有氧运动组245.7±0.6①②84.4±30.9①4.6±1.3①8.2±2.3①②2.3±0.6①②
耳穴贴压组286.0±0.5②105.5±37.6②4.9±2.2①9.4±2.6②2.6±0.7②
联合干预组225.1±0.4①83.4±29.3①3.7±0.7①5.8±1.1①1.8±0.4①
对照组326.3±0.5111.9±48.66.2±3.09.9±3.02.8±0.5
F值22.63.76.313.312.1
P<0.0010.0130.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274576027845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4组病人干预6个月后腹部脂肪测量指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
有氧运动组245.7±0.6①②84.4±30.9①4.6±1.3①8.2±2.3①②2.3±0.6①②
耳穴贴压组286.0±0.5②105.5±37.6②4.9±2.2①9.4±2.6②2.6±0.7②
联合干预组225.1±0.4①83.4±29.3①3.7±0.7①5.8±1.1①1.8±0.4①
对照组326.3±0.5111.9±48.66.2±3.09.9±3.02.8±0.5
F值22.63.76.313.312.1
P<0.0010.0130.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274844463302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Factorial analysis of abdominal fat measurement indicators in patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
F值PF值PF值PF值PF值P
有氧运动主效应48.3<0.00110.70.00110.80.00129.2<0.00125.9<0.001
耳穴贴压主效应18.4<0.0010.20.6206.10.0148.80.00410.10.002
交互效应5.50.0370.10.7204.30.0484.70.0451.30.250
), ArticleFig(id=1322530274966098119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168611242881236, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

病人腹部脂肪测量指标的析因分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目HbA1c(%)VAT(cm2)PDFF(%)PFF(%)腰大肌脂肪分数(%)
F值PF值PF值PF值PF值P
有氧运动主效应48.3<0.00110.70.00110.80.00129.2<0.00125.9<0.001
耳穴贴压主效应18.4<0.0010.20.6206.10.0148.80.00410.10.002
交互效应5.50.0370.10.7204.30.0484.70.0451.30.250
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有氧运动联合耳穴贴压对糖耐量异常病人异位脂肪沉积的协同干预效应
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赵俊 1 , 楼青青 1 , 李清瑶 1 , 冯纪涛 2, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(6): 1028-1031
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (6) : 1028 -1031
有氧运动联合耳穴贴压对糖耐量异常病人异位脂肪沉积的协同干预效应
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赵俊1, 楼青青1, 李清瑶1, 冯纪涛2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院,江苏 210028
  • 2中国药科大学附属浦口中医院
通讯作者:
冯纪涛,E-mail:
FENG Jitao, E-mail:
作者简介:

赵俊,主管护师,硕士研究生

Synergistic intervention effect of aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking on ectopic fat deposition in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
Jun ZHAO1, Qingqing LOU1, Qingyao LI1, Jitao FENG2
Affiliations
  • 1Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu 210028 China
  • 2Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University
  • Corresponding Author:
    FENG Jitao, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.021
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目的

评估有氧运动联合耳穴贴压治疗对糖耐量异常病人胰腺、肝脏及肌肉组织异位脂肪沉积的影响。

方法

于2021年12月—2023年10月选取南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院、中医药科大学附属浦口中医院140例糖耐量异常病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为有氧运动组、耳穴贴压组、联合干预组、对照组4组,每组35例。对照组实施常规管理,有氧运动组在常规管理基础上实施结构化运动干预,耳穴贴压组在常规管理基础上实施耳穴贴压治疗,联合干预组在常规管理基础上同步实施结构化运动干预方案和耳穴贴压治疗。干预前及干预6个月后,对病人糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、肝脏质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)、胰腺脂肪分数(PFF)、腰大肌脂肪分数、内脏脂肪体积(VAT)进行测量。

结果

最终共纳入106例病人,其中有氧运动组纳入24例病人,耳穴贴压组纳入28例病人,联合干预组纳入22例病人,对照组纳入32例病人。腹部脂肪测量指标的组内相关系数(ICC)为0.812~0.897(均P<0.001)。干预6个月后,4组病人的HbA1c、VAT、PDFF、PFF及腰大肌脂肪分数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。析因分析结果显示,有氧运动与耳穴贴压对HbA1c、PDFF及PFF的改善存在协同效应(均P<0.05)。

结论

有氧运动联合耳穴贴压可协同降低糖耐量异常病人的PDFF及PFF水平,改善病人HbA1c,对延缓糖耐量异常进展及预防糖尿病具有重要意义。

有氧运动  /  耳穴贴压  /  糖耐量异常  /  内脏脂肪  /  磁共振  /  协同效应
Objective

To evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking therapy on ectopic fat deposition in pancreatic,liver,and muscle tissues in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

Methods

A total of 140 patients with impaired glucose tolerance in Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Pukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to China Pharmaceutical University were selected as the study subjects from December 2021 to October 2023.They were randomly divided into four groups using a random number table,namely the aerobic exercise group,the auricular point sticking group,the combined intervention group,and the control group,with 35 patients in each group.The control group received routine management.The aerobic exercise group received structured exercise intervention in addition to routine management.The auricular point sticking group received auricular point sticking therapy in addition to routine management.The combined intervention group received both structured exercise intervention and auricular point sticking therapy in addition to routine management.Before the intervention and after 6 months of intervention,the patients' glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),liver proton density fat fraction(PDFF),pancreatic fat fraction(PFF),psoas muscle fat fraction,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT) volume were measured.

Results

A total of 106 patients were finally included,with 24 in the aerobic exercise group,28 in the auricular point sticking group,22 in the combined intervention group,and 32 in the control group.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) for the abdominal fat measurement indicators ranged from 0.812 to 0.897(all P<0.001).After 6 months of intervention,there were statistically significant differences in terms of HbA1c,VAT,PDFF,PFF,and psoas muscle fat fraction among the four groups(all P<0.05).Factorial analysis results showed that aerobic exercise and auricular point sticking had synergistic effects on improving HbA1c,PDFF,and PFF(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking can synergistically reduce PDFF and PFF levels in patients with impaired glucose tolerance,and improve HbA1c.It has great significance in delaying the progression of impaired glucose tolerance and preventing diabetes.

aerobic exercise  /  auricular point sticking  /  impaired glucose tolerance  /  visceral fat  /  magnetic resonance imaging  /  synergistic effect
赵俊, 楼青青, 李清瑶, 冯纪涛. 有氧运动联合耳穴贴压对糖耐量异常病人异位脂肪沉积的协同干预效应. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1028 -1031 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.021
Jun ZHAO, Qingqing LOU, Qingyao LI, Jitao FENG. Synergistic intervention effect of aerobic exercise combined with auricular point sticking on ectopic fat deposition in patients with impaired glucose tolerance[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1028 -1031 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.021
糖耐量异常(impaired glucose tolerance,IGT)是糖尿病前驱阶段的重要病理状态,其特征表现为机体糖代谢调节能力受损,以餐后血糖异常升高为典型临床指征[1]。流行病学数据显示,全球IGT病人呈现快速上升趋势,《2021版国际糖尿病联盟全球糖尿病地图》显示,我国IGT病人已达5.41亿例,其中每年有5%~8%的IGT病人将进展为2型糖尿病(T2DM)[2],且该人群普遍伴随肥胖及高血压等代谢综合征表现,构成多重健康风险叠加的复杂病理状态。已有研究发现,IGT向T2DM的转化与肥胖相关脂质异位沉积存在正相关关系[3]。有氧运动可以通过能量消耗改善体脂分布,而耳穴贴压则可通过迷走神经调控抑制摄食中枢,二者分别作用于能量代谢的支出-摄入双向调节轴。然而既往研究多采用单一干预模式,存在一定局限性,如单纯有氧运动虽能提升能量消耗但无法有效控制摄入量;耳穴贴压虽抑制食欲却难以精准量化能量代谢改变,导致各研究结果异质性较高,临床转化价值受限。本研究创新性地构建有氧运动联合耳穴贴压的协同干预体系,并引入磁共振水脂分离成像技术(IDEAL-IQ)作为核心评估手段,突破了传统影像学局限,可对内脏脂肪、肝脏、胰腺及骨骼肌等异位脂质沉积进行三维定量分析,其精准量化特性为代谢性疾病的动态监测提供了新的技术范式。通过系统观察联合干预对关键代谢器官脂质分布的影响,本研究旨在揭示协同干预的分子机制,构建基于脂质异位沉积调控的糖尿病防控新策略,为临床转化提供兼具理论创新性和实践指导性的循证依据。
于2021年12月—2023年10月选取南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院、中国药科大学附属浦口中医院糖耐量异常的140例病人为研究对象。纳入标准:符合世界卫生组织(WHO)糖耐量异常诊断标准,即空腹血糖(FPG)<6.1 mmol/L的IGT病人;对本研究知情并签署书面知情同意书。排除标准:胰腺器质性疾病(包括急慢性胰腺炎、胰腺占位性病变);存在磁共振成像(MRI)检查禁忌证;合并脂肪肝以外其他急慢性肝病;患有酒精性脂肪肝或局灶性脂肪肝;不能接受针刺干预试验。脱落标准:出勤率<80%。采用随机数字表法分为有氧运动组、耳穴贴压组、联合干预组、对照组4组,每组35例。本研究经南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院伦理委员会审批通过(伦理批件号:2020wkys-027)。
1)对照组:实施常规管理。病人维持原有生活方式,每个月接受1次糖尿病防治知识健康教育,定期监测空腹及餐后血糖,干预周期为6个月。2)有氧运动组:在常规管理基础上实施结构化运动干预。每周一、周三、周五早餐后1 h进行中等强度有氧操训练(Borg评分12~14级),单次训练包含热身(5 min)、核心运动(60 min)、整理(5 min)共3个阶段,由专业教练指导并配合背景音乐,干预周期为6个月。3)耳穴贴压组:在常规管理基础上实施耳穴贴压治疗。选取脾、胃、内分泌3组耳穴,采用王不留行籽贴压,胶布固定;双耳交替施治,每3 d更换1次,连续治疗10次为1疗程,共3个疗程,不同疗程间隔1个月。4)联合干预组:在常规管理基础上同步实施结构化运动干预方案和耳穴贴压治疗,具体方案同有氧运动组和耳穴贴压组。
所有病人于干预前后测量糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)并行腹部MRI检查。采用GE Discovery 750 3.0T MRI扫描系统,配备32通道体部相控阵线圈。检查前严格禁食水4~6 h,训练呼吸配合方法;检查时去除体表金属异物,取仰卧位,将呼吸门控装置置于腹部起伏最显著处。扫描序列及参数:3D-LAVA序列为TR/TE=7.63/3.57 ms,翻转角4°,矩阵224×160;IDEAL-IQ序列为层厚5 mm,层间距1 mm,回波链长3。影像数据经GE AW 4.6工作站处理,测量指标包括肝脏质子密度脂肪分数(proton density fat fraction,PDFF)、胰腺脂肪分数(pancreatic fat fraction,PFF)、腰大肌脂肪分数、内脏脂肪体积(visceral adipose tissue,VAT),采用双盲法由2名影像医师独立测量,采用组内相关系数(ICC)评估测量一致性,ICC>0.75时取均值作为最终结果。
采用SPSS 24.0进行数据处理。定量资料符合正态分布采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用单因素方差分析(ANOVA),两两比较采用LSD-t检验;定性资料采用频数表示,采用χ2检验。通过析因分析评估运动与耳穴干预的交互效应。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
干预过程中脱落34例病人,最终共纳入106例病人,其中有氧运动组纳入24例病人,耳穴贴压组纳入28例病人,联合干预组纳入22例病人,对照组纳入32例病人,4组病人的年龄、性别、体质指数(BMI)、腰围、臀围、HbA1c、VAT、PDFF、PFF、腰大肌脂肪分数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示组间具有可比性。见表1。
干预前对106例病人进行MRI扫描后,由2名资深放射科医师独立完成VAT、PDFF、腰大肌脂肪分数及PFF的手动测量。ICC检验显示,各指标ICC均>0.75(P<0.001),表明测量方法具有良好的一致性和可重复性。见表2。
经过6个月干预后,4组HbA1c、VAT、PDFF、PFF及腰大肌脂肪分数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。析因方差分析结果进一步显示,有氧运动联合耳穴贴压对降低HbA1c、PDFF、PFF存在协同效应,见表4。
本研究表明,MRI水脂分离技术在定量评估腹部脂肪分布及内脏脂质沉积方面展现出优异的可重复性(ICC为0.812~0.897)和可靠性,与多项研究结果[4-5]相似。评估方法的选择直接影响研究结论的科学性。有研究者采用CT技术对103例有氧运动干预者的肝脏脂肪含量进行评估,未观察到显著变化,其可能与CT无法实现脂肪含量的精准定量及不同扫描条件及设备参数(如管电压、重建算法)会显著影响CT值测量结果有关[6]。与CT相比,MRI水脂分离技术基于多回波序列,通过获取不同时间点回波时间(TE)的脂肪/水信号差异并结合迭代分解算法重建脂肪分数图(FF%),其具备一定技术优势,如操作标准化(扫描时间<20 min);可以有效规避磁敏感伪影;支持全自动后处理分析;尤其适用于胰腺等小器官(空间分辨率达1 mm×1 mm×3 mm)的脂肪定量,准确性优于磁共振波谱(差异率<8.3%)[7]。此外,MRI水脂分离技术还可同步获取VAT)、PDFF、PFF及肌肉脂肪分数等多参数,较双能X线吸收法(误差率±15%)、超声(操作者依赖性>30%)等传统方法具有显著优势,同时规避了CT的辐射暴露风险,为运动干预研究提供了理想的纵向评估工具。
作为传统中医疗法的现代化应用,耳穴贴压通过刺激迷走神经耳支(Arnold神经)特定反射区实现代谢调节,其减脂作用机制可归纳为3个层面[8]。1)神经调控:刺激耳甲区(对应迷走神经耳支)可抑制下丘脑饥饿素(ghrelin)分泌,降低摄食中枢兴奋性;2)内分泌调节:耳穴干预可使血清脂联素水平升高,促进脂肪β氧化关键酶CPT-1α表达上调;3)代谢调控:持续刺激“饥点”“内分泌”等穴位可改善胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)指数,逆转脂质代谢紊乱。Meta分析结果表明,耳穴贴压联合膳食管理可使BMI降低1.2 kg/m²[95%CI(0.8,1.6)],空腹血糖下降0.8 mmol/L[95%CI(0.5,1.1)][9],但需注意,其单用效果存在个体差异(I²=76%),故建议将其作为综合干预方案的补充。本研究结果显示:耳穴贴压联合有氧运动后的交互效应多项指标(HbA1c、PDFF、PFF)均有统计学意义(P<0.05),二者存在协同作用。
1)胰腺脂肪代谢调节:表4结果显示,PFF交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Tene团队的随机对照试验结果显示,有氧运动联合膳食控制组干预6个月后的PFF下降达21.5%(P<0.001)[10]。可见,膳食联合有氧运动对比单纯有氧运动引起的胰腺脂肪含量减少效果更为显著。本研究应用耳穴贴压的方式,在调节代谢的同时减低摄食中枢的兴奋性达到类似的效果。但我国相关研究尚处起步阶段,耳穴贴压联合有氧运动对胰腺脂肪的影响相关研究较少,可能与胰腺解剖位置深、传统活检风险高以及缺乏可靠的无创评估手段有关。2)肝脏脂代谢调控:表4结果显示,PDFF交互效应有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有氧运动还可以通过增加肌细胞对血液中游离脂肪酸的摄取和氧化,减少脂肪酸向肝脏输送的总量减少脂肪在肝细胞内的沉积。耳穴贴压主要通过“刺激-神经传导-中枢整合-靶向调节”这一核心路径[8]对脂肪肝的多个病理环节(胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢紊乱、炎症、食欲行为)进行温和而持续的干预。二者相互结合既可增加短时间的能量消耗又可持续、温和地调节肝脏细胞脂肪沉积,同时限制能量的总体摄入,体现了较显著的协同作用。
内脏脂肪堆积可通过门脉系统释放过量游离脂肪酸,诱导肝细胞胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)丝氨酸磷酸化,阻碍胰岛素信号传导。同时,胰腺脂肪沉积可通过双重机制损害β细胞功能。1)氧化应激途径:脂肪β氧化产生过量活性氧,引起脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)氧化损伤;2)内质网应激途径:未折叠蛋白反应(UPR)激活PERK-eIF2α通路,抑制胰岛素原翻译效率[11]。此外,脂肪组织巨噬细胞浸润可通过分泌白细胞介素-6、单核细胞趋化蛋白1等炎性因子,激活JNK1通路,加重胰岛素抵抗[12]。因此,积极采取有效措施改善异位脂肪堆积问题,也可以在一定程度上降低糖代谢紊乱发生风险。
本研究采用MRI水脂分离技术作为核心评估手段,结果显示,中等强度有氧运动联合耳穴贴压可通过多重机制减少内脏及异位脂肪沉积,且该方案对糖尿病前期病人具有独特优势,如MRI技术的运用有利于实现无创动态监测;联合干预策略符合“多靶点调控”的代谢病管理理念。今后可进一步对该研究结果进行验证,以促进相关干预措施的科学实施。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.021
  • 接收时间:2025-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14
  • 修回日期:2025-12-28
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    1南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院,江苏 210028
    2中国药科大学附属浦口中医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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