Article(id=1322168526304031536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747843200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-22, revisedDate=1770566400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159141373, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159141373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159141373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159141373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=923, endPage=929, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168526496969521, articleId=1322168526304031536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Symptom transition patterns and influencing factors in patients with acute pancreatitis before and after discharge, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the symptom transition patterns and influencing factors in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP) before and after discharge.

Methods

A total of 204 AP patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were selected as study subjects by a convenience sampling method from October 2022 to October 2024.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Chinese Version.Latent transition analysis was performed to evaluate symptoms on the 1st to 7th day after admission and the 3rd month after discharge.

Results

The symptom profiles of the 204 patients before and after discharge were both categorized into two groups,namely low symptom burden and high symptom burden.The probability of transitioning from the low symptom burden group before discharge to the high symptom burden group after discharge was 61.8%.The probability of transitioning from the high symptom burden group to the low symptom burden group was 52.9%.Logistic regression analysis showed that urban employee medical insurance(OR=0.076) and mild disease severity(OR=0.044) were associated with a decreased probability of transitioning from low to high symptom burden,while the monthly household income per capita <3 000 yuan(OR=2.648) increased this probability.Additionally,age<60 years(OR=2.074) increased the likelihood of transitioning from high to low symptom burden,while the monthly household income per capita<3 000 yuan(OR=0.286) decreased this probability.

Conclusions

Symptom profiles among AP patients exhibit group heterogeneity before and after discharge.Healthcare professionals should implement individualized management strategies based on symptom transition patterns.

, authors=Kun YU, Hengya JIA, Hongli YAN, Lingyan GUAN, Gaigai GUO, authorsList=Kun YU, Hengya JIA, Hongli YAN, Lingyan GUAN, Gaigai GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hengya JIA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIA Hengya, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168528715756340, articleId=1322168526304031536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=急性胰腺炎病人出院前后症状转变模式及其影响因素, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析急性胰腺炎(AP)病人出院前后症状转变模式及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2022年10月—2024年10月中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院收治的204例AP病人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版记忆症状评估量表对病人入院后1~7 d和出院后3个月的症状进行潜在转变分析。

结果

204例病人出院前后的症状均可分为低症状负担组和高症状负担组2个类别。从出院前到出院后,低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率为61.8%,高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率为52.9%。Logisitc回归分析结果显示,城镇职工医保(OR=0.076)、病情轻度(OR=0.044)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率降低,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=2.648)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率增加,年龄<60岁(OR=2.074)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率增加,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=0.286)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率降低。

结论

AP病人出院前后症状存在群体异质性,医护人员应根据症状转变规律实施个体化管理措施。

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于锟,护师,本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
荚恒娅,E-mail:
JIA Hengya, E-mail:
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pageStart=193, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=铁万琴, 张曦, 王永琦, journalName=中华护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=铁万琴,张曦,王永琦,等.乳腺癌患者化疗前后症状特征的潜在转变分析及护理对策[J].中华护理杂志,2025,60(2):193-200., articleTitle=乳腺癌患者化疗前后症状特征的潜在转变分析及护理对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530242678337921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=29, issue=10, pageStart=1057, pageEnd=1083, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=TAKADA T, ISAJI S, MAYUMI T, journalName=Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAKADA T,ISAJI S,MAYUMI T,et al.JPN clinical practice guidelines 2021 with easy-to-understand explanations for the management of acute pancreatitis[J].Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Sciences,2022,29(10):1057-1083., articleTitle=JPN clinical practice guidelines 2021 with easy-to-understand 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articleTitle=溃疡性结肠炎患者症状群及其影响因素分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530234822406462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530234839183679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, companyId=1322530234822406462, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200082 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530234847572288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, companyId=1322530234822406462, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院,上海 200082)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530239121568100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of symptom scores in AP patients before and after discharge, figureFileSmall=UIoatHaC8BYE0YQ438ZdRg==, figureFileBig=2Pa1EDw1Lckbb56/JawMIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530239209648485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=CN, label=图1, caption=AP病人出院前后症状得分分布图, figureFileSmall=UIoatHaC8BYE0YQ438ZdRg==, figureFileBig=2Pa1EDw1Lckbb56/JawMIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530239318700390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Symptom occurrence in AP patients before and after discharge(n=204)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状出院前症状出院后症状
发生[例(%)]得分[M(P25,P75),分]发生[例(%)]得分[M(P25,P75),分]
疼痛177(86.8)3.0(2.0,3.0)90(44.1)1.0(1.0,2.0)
腹胀153(75.0)2.0(1.0,3.0)133(65.2)1.0(1.0,2.0)
口干135(66.2)1.0(0.0,2.0)93(45.6)1.0(1.0,2.0)
体重下降128(62.7)2.0(1.0,3.0)114(55.9)2.0(1.0,2.0)
精力不足107(52.5)1.0(1.0,2.0)103(50.5)1.0(1.0,2.0)
睡眠不安87(42.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)147(72.1)1.0(1.0,2.0)
腹泻88(43.1)2.0(1.0,2.0)171(83.8)2.0(1.0,2.0)
恶心89(43.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)130(63.7)1.0(1.0,2.0)
精神紧张91(44.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)95(46.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)
呕吐101(49.5)2.0(1.0,2.0)89(43.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)
焦虑不安85(41.7)2.0(1.0,2.0)131(64.2)2.0(1.0,3.0)
烦躁易怒96(47.1)2.0(1.0,2.0)165(80.9)2.0(1.0,3.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530239394197863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AP病人出院前后症状发生情况(n=204)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状出院前症状出院后症状
发生[例(%)]得分[M(P25,P75),分]发生[例(%)]得分[M(P25,P75),分]
疼痛177(86.8)3.0(2.0,3.0)90(44.1)1.0(1.0,2.0)
腹胀153(75.0)2.0(1.0,3.0)133(65.2)1.0(1.0,2.0)
口干135(66.2)1.0(0.0,2.0)93(45.6)1.0(1.0,2.0)
体重下降128(62.7)2.0(1.0,3.0)114(55.9)2.0(1.0,2.0)
精力不足107(52.5)1.0(1.0,2.0)103(50.5)1.0(1.0,2.0)
睡眠不安87(42.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)147(72.1)1.0(1.0,2.0)
腹泻88(43.1)2.0(1.0,2.0)171(83.8)2.0(1.0,2.0)
恶心89(43.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)130(63.7)1.0(1.0,2.0)
精神紧张91(44.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)95(46.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)
呕吐101(49.5)2.0(1.0,2.0)89(43.6)2.0(1.0,2.0)
焦虑不安85(41.7)2.0(1.0,2.0)131(64.2)2.0(1.0,3.0)
烦躁易怒96(47.1)2.0(1.0,2.0)165(80.9)2.0(1.0,3.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530239582941544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Latent profile analysis of symptom characteristics in AP patients before and after discharge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间类别数AICBICaBICEntropyP类别比例(%)
LMRTBLRT
出院前17 043.2257 122.8607 046.821100.0
26 680.7456 803.5156 686.2880.916<0.001<0.00136.8/63.2
36 672.4356 838.3416 679.9260.7850.4340.04037.3/29.4/33.3
46 635.9186 844.9596 645.3570.8920.1360.14111.8/30.9/25.0/32.3
56 635.8076 887.9846 647.1930.8730.6911.00025.0/12.3/8.3/32.3/22.1
出院后17 191.0387 270.6737 194.634100.0
26 828.6136 951.3836 834.1560.895<0.001<0.00156.9/43.1
36 769.1476 935.0536 776.6380.8780.005<0.00144.1/15.7/40.2
46 759.8786 968.9206 769.3170.8740.3170.01244.1/27.0/14.7/14.2
56 752.8287 005.0056 764.2150.8410.4500.12523.5/21.1/27.5/14.2/13.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530240858009961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

AP病人出院前后症状特征的潜在剖面分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间类别数AICBICaBICEntropyP类别比例(%)
LMRTBLRT
出院前17 043.2257 122.8607 046.821100.0
26 680.7456 803.5156 686.2880.916<0.001<0.00136.8/63.2
36 672.4356 838.3416 679.9260.7850.4340.04037.3/29.4/33.3
46 635.9186 844.9596 645.3570.8920.1360.14111.8/30.9/25.0/32.3
56 635.8076 887.9846 647.1930.8730.6911.00025.0/12.3/8.3/32.3/22.1
出院后17 191.0387 270.6737 194.634100.0
26 828.6136 951.3836 834.1560.895<0.001<0.00156.9/43.1
36 769.1476 935.0536 776.6380.8780.005<0.00144.1/15.7/40.2
46 759.8786 968.9206 769.3170.8740.3170.01244.1/27.0/14.7/14.2
56 752.8287 005.0056 764.2150.8410.4500.12523.5/21.1/27.5/14.2/13.7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530240958673258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing of symptom categories in AP patients before and after discharge(n=204)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类出院前出院后
低症状负担组(n=75)高症状负担组(n=129)χ2值P低症状负担组(n=116)高症状负担组(n=88)χ2值P
年龄<60岁46(61.3)55(42.6)6.6630.01062(53.4)39(44.3)1.6690.196
≥60岁29(38.7)74(57.4)54(46.6)49(55.7)
性别男49(65.3)79(61.2)0.3400.56071(61.2)57(64.8)0.2720.602
女26(34.7)50(38.8)45(38.8)31(35.2)
文化程度初中及以下42(56.0)78(60.5)69(59.3)51(58.0)
高中或中专26(34.7)39(30.2)0.4530.79737(31.9)28(31.8)0.1590.924
专科及以上7(9.3)12(9.3)10(8.6)9(10.2)
职业状态在职47(62.7)77(59.7)0.1760.67572(62.1)52(59.1)0.1860.666
不在职28(37.3)52(40.3)44(37.9)36(40.9)
婚姻状况已婚55(73.3)93(72.1)0.0370.84884(72.4)64(72.7)0.0020.960
未婚/离异/丧偶20(26.7)36(27.9)32(27.6)24(27.3)
居住地城市26(34.7)48(37.2)0.1330.71641(35.3)33(37.5)0.1010.751
农村49(65.3)81(62.8)75(64.7)55(62.5)
医疗费用支付方式城镇职工医保27(36.0)39(30.2)44(37.9)22(25.0)
城乡居民医保46(61.3)82(63.6)1.7340.42071(61.2)57(64.8)11.6410.003
其他2(2.7)8(6.2)1(0.9)9(10.2)
家庭人均月收入<3 000元29(38.7)74(57.4)56(48.3)47(53.4)
3 000~5 000元20(26.7)32(24.8)8.9460.01128(24.1)24(27.3)1.8780.391
>5 000元26(34.7)23(17.8)32(27.6)17(19.3)
体质指数<18.5 kg/m222(29.3)38(29.5)30(25.9)30(34.1)
18.5~<24.0 kg/m228(37.3)54(41.9)0.5800.74848(41.4)34(38.6)1.7410.419
≥24.0 kg/m225(33.3)37(28.7)38(32.8)24(27.3)
病因胆源性38(50.7)61(47.3)5.4900.13957(49.1)42(47.7)0.6080.895
高脂血性28(37.3)44(34.1)41(35.3)31(35.2)
酒精性9(12.0)15(11.6)14(12.1)10(11.4)
其他0(0.0)9(7.0)4(3.4)5(5.7)
复发次数首次44(58.7)76(58.9)66(56.9)54(61.4)
1~3次21(28.0)37(28.7)0.0400.98033(28.4)25(28.4)0.9400.625
≥4次10(13.3)16(12.4)17(14.7)9(10.2)
基础疾病糖尿病19(25.3)37(28.7)0.2670.60531(26.7)25(28.4)0.0710.789
高血压51(68.0)83(64.3)0.2820.59677(66.4)57(64.8)0.0570.811
高脂血症23(30.7)46(35.7)0.5280.46734(29.3)35(39.8)2.4470.118
胆结石19(25.3)36(27.9)0.1600.69029(25.0)26(29.5)0.5250.469
疾病严重程度轻度55(73.3)73(56.6)94(81.0)34(38.6)
中度15(20.0)31(24.0)7.6730.02218(15.5)28(31.8)43.407<0.001
重度5(6.7)25(19.4)4(3.4)26(29.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530241046753643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

AP病人出院前后症状类别影响因素的单因素分析(n=204)

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项目分类出院前出院后
低症状负担组(n=75)高症状负担组(n=129)χ2值P低症状负担组(n=116)高症状负担组(n=88)χ2值P
年龄<60岁46(61.3)55(42.6)6.6630.01062(53.4)39(44.3)1.6690.196
≥60岁29(38.7)74(57.4)54(46.6)49(55.7)
性别男49(65.3)79(61.2)0.3400.56071(61.2)57(64.8)0.2720.602
女26(34.7)50(38.8)45(38.8)31(35.2)
文化程度初中及以下42(56.0)78(60.5)69(59.3)51(58.0)
高中或中专26(34.7)39(30.2)0.4530.79737(31.9)28(31.8)0.1590.924
专科及以上7(9.3)12(9.3)10(8.6)9(10.2)
职业状态在职47(62.7)77(59.7)0.1760.67572(62.1)52(59.1)0.1860.666
不在职28(37.3)52(40.3)44(37.9)36(40.9)
婚姻状况已婚55(73.3)93(72.1)0.0370.84884(72.4)64(72.7)0.0020.960
未婚/离异/丧偶20(26.7)36(27.9)32(27.6)24(27.3)
居住地城市26(34.7)48(37.2)0.1330.71641(35.3)33(37.5)0.1010.751
农村49(65.3)81(62.8)75(64.7)55(62.5)
医疗费用支付方式城镇职工医保27(36.0)39(30.2)44(37.9)22(25.0)
城乡居民医保46(61.3)82(63.6)1.7340.42071(61.2)57(64.8)11.6410.003
其他2(2.7)8(6.2)1(0.9)9(10.2)
家庭人均月收入<3 000元29(38.7)74(57.4)56(48.3)47(53.4)
3 000~5 000元20(26.7)32(24.8)8.9460.01128(24.1)24(27.3)1.8780.391
>5 000元26(34.7)23(17.8)32(27.6)17(19.3)
体质指数<18.5 kg/m222(29.3)38(29.5)30(25.9)30(34.1)
18.5~<24.0 kg/m228(37.3)54(41.9)0.5800.74848(41.4)34(38.6)1.7410.419
≥24.0 kg/m225(33.3)37(28.7)38(32.8)24(27.3)
病因胆源性38(50.7)61(47.3)5.4900.13957(49.1)42(47.7)0.6080.895
高脂血性28(37.3)44(34.1)41(35.3)31(35.2)
酒精性9(12.0)15(11.6)14(12.1)10(11.4)
其他0(0.0)9(7.0)4(3.4)5(5.7)
复发次数首次44(58.7)76(58.9)66(56.9)54(61.4)
1~3次21(28.0)37(28.7)0.0400.98033(28.4)25(28.4)0.9400.625
≥4次10(13.3)16(12.4)17(14.7)9(10.2)
基础疾病糖尿病19(25.3)37(28.7)0.2670.60531(26.7)25(28.4)0.0710.789
高血压51(68.0)83(64.3)0.2820.59677(66.4)57(64.8)0.0570.811
高脂血症23(30.7)46(35.7)0.5280.46734(29.3)35(39.8)2.4470.118
胆结石19(25.3)36(27.9)0.1600.69029(25.0)26(29.5)0.5250.469
疾病严重程度轻度55(73.3)73(56.6)94(81.0)34(38.6)
中度15(20.0)31(24.0)7.6730.02218(15.5)28(31.8)43.407<0.001
重度5(6.7)25(19.4)4(3.4)26(29.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530241118056812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Transition probabilities of symptom categories in AP patients before and after discharge under covariate influence

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项目分类潜在状态(出院前→出院后)OR值P
低症状负担组高症状负担组
年龄<60岁低症状负担组ref0.7290.346
高症状负担组2.074ref0.021
医疗费用支付方式城镇职工医保低症状负担组ref0.0760.029
高症状负担组1.732ref0.534
城乡居民医保低症状负担组ref0.1430.091
高症状负担组1.345ref0.731
家庭人均月收入<3 000元低症状负担组ref2.6480.032
高症状负担组0.286ref0.001
3 000~5 000元低症状负担组ref2.0280.158
高症状负担组0.479ref0.088
疾病严重程度轻度低症状负担组ref0.044<0.001
高症状负担组5.133ref0.103
中度低症状负担组ref0.0090.185
高症状负担组3.518ref0.081
), ArticleFig(id=1322530241180971373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168526304031536, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

AP病人出院前后症状在协变量影响下类别的转变概率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类潜在状态(出院前→出院后)OR值P
低症状负担组高症状负担组
年龄<60岁低症状负担组ref0.7290.346
高症状负担组2.074ref0.021
医疗费用支付方式城镇职工医保低症状负担组ref0.0760.029
高症状负担组1.732ref0.534
城乡居民医保低症状负担组ref0.1430.091
高症状负担组1.345ref0.731
家庭人均月收入<3 000元低症状负担组ref2.6480.032
高症状负担组0.286ref0.001
3 000~5 000元低症状负担组ref2.0280.158
高症状负担组0.479ref0.088
疾病严重程度轻度低症状负担组ref0.044<0.001
高症状负担组5.133ref0.103
中度低症状负担组ref0.0090.185
高症状负担组3.518ref0.081
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急性胰腺炎病人出院前后症状转变模式及其影响因素
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于锟 , 荚恒娅 *, * , 闫红丽 , 管凌燕 , 郭改改
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(6): 923-929
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (6) : 923 -929
急性胰腺炎病人出院前后症状转变模式及其影响因素
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于锟, 荚恒娅*, * , 闫红丽, 管凌燕, 郭改改
作者信息
  • 1中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院,上海 200082
通讯作者:
荚恒娅,E-mail:
JIA Hengya, E-mail:
作者简介:

于锟,护师,本科

Symptom transition patterns and influencing factors in patients with acute pancreatitis before and after discharge
Kun YU, Hengya JIA , Hongli YAN, Lingyan GUAN, Gaigai GUO
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200082 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    JIA Hengya, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.005
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目的

分析急性胰腺炎(AP)病人出院前后症状转变模式及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2022年10月—2024年10月中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院收治的204例AP病人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版记忆症状评估量表对病人入院后1~7 d和出院后3个月的症状进行潜在转变分析。

结果

204例病人出院前后的症状均可分为低症状负担组和高症状负担组2个类别。从出院前到出院后,低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率为61.8%,高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率为52.9%。Logisitc回归分析结果显示,城镇职工医保(OR=0.076)、病情轻度(OR=0.044)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率降低,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=2.648)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率增加,年龄<60岁(OR=2.074)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率增加,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=0.286)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率降低。

结论

AP病人出院前后症状存在群体异质性,医护人员应根据症状转变规律实施个体化管理措施。

急性胰腺炎  /  症状  /  潜在转变分析  /  影响因素  /  护理
Objective

To analyze the symptom transition patterns and influencing factors in patients with acute pancreatitis(AP) before and after discharge.

Methods

A total of 204 AP patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University were selected as study subjects by a convenience sampling method from October 2022 to October 2024.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Chinese Version.Latent transition analysis was performed to evaluate symptoms on the 1st to 7th day after admission and the 3rd month after discharge.

Results

The symptom profiles of the 204 patients before and after discharge were both categorized into two groups,namely low symptom burden and high symptom burden.The probability of transitioning from the low symptom burden group before discharge to the high symptom burden group after discharge was 61.8%.The probability of transitioning from the high symptom burden group to the low symptom burden group was 52.9%.Logistic regression analysis showed that urban employee medical insurance(OR=0.076) and mild disease severity(OR=0.044) were associated with a decreased probability of transitioning from low to high symptom burden,while the monthly household income per capita <3 000 yuan(OR=2.648) increased this probability.Additionally,age<60 years(OR=2.074) increased the likelihood of transitioning from high to low symptom burden,while the monthly household income per capita<3 000 yuan(OR=0.286) decreased this probability.

Conclusions

Symptom profiles among AP patients exhibit group heterogeneity before and after discharge.Healthcare professionals should implement individualized management strategies based on symptom transition patterns.

acute pancreatitis  /  symptoms  /  latent transition analysis  /  influencing factors  /  nursing
于锟, 荚恒娅, 闫红丽, 管凌燕, 郭改改. 急性胰腺炎病人出院前后症状转变模式及其影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 923 -929 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.005
Kun YU, Hengya JIA, Hongli YAN, Lingyan GUAN, Gaigai GUO. Symptom transition patterns and influencing factors in patients with acute pancreatitis before and after discharge[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 923 -929 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.005
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是常见的消化系统急症,以胰腺局部或全身炎症反应为主要特征,全球年发病率为13/10万~45/10万[1]。AP典型临床症状为突发性上腹部持续性剧痛,向背部放射,伴恶心、呕吐、腹胀及发热,严重者可进展为全身炎症反应综合征,甚至多器官功能衰竭[2]。已有研究发现,AP症状具有动态性和异质性特点,在急性期以消化道症状为主,出院后病人进入恢复期,症状逐渐消退[3]。但有30%~40%的AP病人可发展为慢性胰腺炎,表现为持续性上腹疼痛、脂肪泻、内分泌功能紊乱以及心理障碍等症状[4]。这种症状的动态演变不仅增加了身体负担,还可能导致病人心理社会功能受损[5]。因此,精准识别症状转变的高危人群并实施针对性干预,对改善病人长期预后至关重要。目前,国内外研究多聚焦于AP的病理机制与治疗策略,对出院前后症状动态转变模式关注不足。且现有症状管理研究多以横断面设计为主[6],缺乏纵向数据支持,无法揭示症状稳定性以及随时间的转变特点,导致干预措施难以满足个体化需求。潜在转变分析(latent transition analysis,LTA)是潜在剖面分析(LPA)或潜在类别分析(LCA)的纵向拓展,可以估计不同时间点的类别以及不同类别随时间的转变概率[7]。本研究采用LTA分析AP病人出院前后症状转变特征及影响因素,以期为进行精准症状管理提供科学指导。
采用便利抽样法,选取2022年10月—2024年10月中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院收治的AP病人作为调查对象。纳入标准:1)年龄≥18岁;2)符合AP诊断标准[8];3)意识清楚,有正常交流和阅读理解能力;4)能独立或在帮助下填写调查量表;5)病人同意参加本研究,签署知情同意书。排除标准:1)合并其他严重疾患,如恶性肿瘤、严重心脏病、肾功能衰竭等;2)病情危重,无法配合调查;3)妊娠期或哺乳期妇女;4)正在参加其他研究。剔除标准:临床资料不完整、死亡或问卷填写不合格。按照粗略样本量估算方法,样本量为自变量的5~10倍[9],本研究预计纳入13个自变量,考虑20%的无应答率,样本量应为82~163例。温忠麟等[10]认为,潜在类别模型样本量需在200例以上才能保证模型稳定。本研究拟纳入211例病人。本研究经海军军医大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审核、批准(编号:2022-108)。
由研究人员自行设计,包括人口学特征和疾病资料。1)人口学特征:如年龄、性别、文化程度、职业状态、婚姻状况、居住地、医疗费用支付方式、家庭人均月收入。2)疾病资料:如体质指数、病因、复发次数、基础疾病、疾病严重程度。其中,疾病严重程度根据2012年修订版AP亚特兰大分类指南[11]分为轻度、中度和重度。
采用Fu等[12]汉化的中文版MSAS-Ch评估过去1周内病人所经历的症状发生情况,包括发生率、频繁程度、严重程度和症状困扰程度,其中,频繁程度采用Likert 4级评分法,“极少”计1分,“有时”计2分,“频繁”计3分,“几乎持续出现”计4分;严重程度采用Likert 4级评分法,“轻度”计1分,“中度”计2分,“严重”计3分,“很严重”计4分;症状困扰程度采用Likert 5级评分法,“完全没有”计1分,“少许”计2分,“有一些”计3分,“较大”计4分,“很大”计5分。中文版MSAS-Ch的前24个条目为第1部分,评价频繁程度、严重程度和症状困扰程度,症状得分为频繁程度、严重程度和症状困扰程度的平均分;后8个条目为第2部分,仅评价严重程度和症状困扰程度,症状得分为严重程度和症状困扰程度的平均分。中文版MSAS-Ch涵盖生理症状、心理症状、MSAS-Ch总分和总困扰指数4个方面,Cronbach's α系数依次为0.815,0.782,0.782,0.874,在本研究中的Cronbach's α系数依次为0.773,0.894,0.904,0.805。
刘贺冰[13]研究显示,AP病人入院后7 d内和出院后3个月临床症状最典型。结合本研究目的和LTA时间点设置要求,确定资料收集时间为入院后1~7 d(出院前)和出院后3个月(出院后)。调查前,对调查人员进行统一培训,包括本研究目的、量表的介绍和使用方法、调查步骤、条目解释语、问卷回收过程、无效问卷判定原则等。病人入院后,由调查人员向病人介绍本研究的目的,待其签署知情同意书后现场发放调查量表,由病人自行填写,对于无法填写者,由调查人员使用提问的方式代为填写。出院后,调查人员对病人进行电话随访,详细询问并记录出院后3个月的症状情况。本研究共发放问卷211份,回收有效问卷204份,问卷有效回收率为96.68%。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计描述和分析。定量资料不符合正态分布用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示。定性资料用频数、百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。以各项症状得分为外显变量,采用Mplus 8.3软件构建潜在剖面模型,模型拟合指标包括赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)、经样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(adjusted BIC,aBIC)、熵(Entropy)、罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比(Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio test,LMRT)、基于Bootstrap的似然比检验(Bootstrap likelihood ratio test,BLRT),AIC、BIC、aBIC越小表明模型拟合越好,Entropy越大表明模型分类越精准,LMRT、BLRT有统计学意义表明k个分类模型优于k-1个分类模型。采用LTA分析潜在类别随时间的变化及转变概率,以症状转变类别为因变量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨潜在类别转变的影响因素。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
出院前,提取5个特征值>1的公因子,第1个公因子解释的变异量为28.56%;出院后,提取3个特征值>1的公因子,第1个公因子解释的变异量为28.79%;出院前和出院后均提取1个以上公因子,且第1个公因子解释的变异量低于40%的临界标准,说明不存在明显的共同方法偏差。
参考已有文献[14],选取出院前后发生率≥40%的症状。本研究共纳入12种症状(疼痛、腹胀、口干、体重下降、精力不足、睡眠不安、腹泻、恶心、精神紧张、呕吐、焦虑不安、烦躁易怒),出院前发生率较高的5种症状依次为疼痛(86.8%)、腹胀(75.0%)、口干(66.2%)、体重下降(62.7%)、精力不足(52.5%);出院后发生率较高的5种症状依次为腹泻(83.8%)、烦躁易怒(80.9%)、睡眠不安(72.1%)、腹胀(65.2%)、焦虑不安(64.2%)。详见表1。
出院前,2个类别时BIC最小,Entropy最大,且LMRT和BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.05),表明2个类别是最优模型。出院后,3个类别时AIC、BIC、aBIC、Entropy均较小,2个类别时AIC、BIC、aBIC较小,Entropy最大,LMRT和BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.05),结合模型简洁性和分类精准性,确定2个类别为最优模型。见表2。
依据各项症状得分进行分类和命名。1)出院前:类别1有75例(36.8%)病人,其各项症状得分均较低,故命名为“低症状负担组”;类别2有129例(63.2%)病人,其各项症状得分均较高,故命名为“高症状负担组”。2)出院后:类别1有116例(56.9%)病人,其各项症状得分均较低,故命名为“低症状负担组”;类别2有88例(43.1%)病人,其各项症状得分均较高,故命名为“高症状负担组”。见图1。
从出院前到出院后,低症状负担组和高症状负担组维持原类别的概率分别为38.2%和47.1%,低症状负担组随时间转变为高症状负担组的概率为61.8%,高症状负担组随时间转变为低症状负担组的概率为52.9%。
以保持原类别的被试者作为参照组,以类别转变为结果变量,将单因素分析中有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,得出被试者转变为其他类别的优势比(odds ratio,OR),OR值>1代表转变概率增加,OR值<1代表转变概率降低,OR值=1代表转变概率不变。从出院前至出院后,以“低症状负担组→低症状负担组”为参照时,城镇职工医保(OR=0.076)、病情轻度(OR=0.044)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率降低,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=2.648)由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率增加。以“高症状负担组→高症状负担组”为参照时,年龄<60岁(OR=2.074)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率增加,家庭人均月收入<3 000元(OR=0.286)由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率降低。见表4。
本研究结果显示,AP病人出院前症状存在明显群体异质性,按照症状得分可分为低症状负担组和高症状负担组。刘贺冰[13]研究发现,急性胰腺炎症状群发展轨迹可分为高、中、低3种,与本研究结果不一致,可能是由于本研究样本量相对不足,导致中等症状分型未被准确识别。本研究结果显示,出院前高症状负担组占63.2%,此类病人疼痛、腹胀得分较高,表明病人存在高强度生理症状,可能与AP急性发病后周围液体渗出增加对腹膜产生刺激有关。已有研究表明,AP发病后,胰腺周围液体渗出增加会牵拉周围神经末梢,同时渗出液渗透至组织间隙,可诱发疼痛、腹胀等症状[15]。出院后,高症状负担组比例降至43.1%,但心理症状和慢性症状发生率上升,可能是由于经过住院治疗后,急性期症状虽然得到有效控制,但部分病人可发展为慢性胰腺炎,且病人会因恐惧疾病复发而出现严重的心理症状[16]。提示AP症状具有明显的动态性和群体异质性特点,急性期因炎症反应和器官损伤,导致消化道症状占主导;出院后恢复期尽管生理症状逐渐缓解,但代谢紊乱、心理压力及慢性炎症可能成为心理症状持续或加重的主要原因。因此,医护人员应基于症状负担的群体异质性和动态性,建立AP病人出院前后动态症状评估体系。
本研究结果显示,出院后47.1%的高症状负担组病人维持原类别,表明AP病人出院后症状转变存在一定稳定性,可能与AP病理损伤在短期内无法完全恢复有关。AP病人常伴随胰腺坏死、器官功能衰竭或代谢紊乱,可导致脂肪泻、糖代谢紊乱、胆道梗阻等多种并发症,即使病人出院后仍面临较高的生理功能失调风险,症状可能持续存在甚至加重[17]。症状类别转变分析结果显示,从出院前到出院后,61.8%的病人由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组,52.9%的病人由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组,表明AP病人症状负担的转变具有动态变化性,出院后症状负担更倾向于从生理症状向心理症状转变。与乳腺癌病人化疗后症状负担趋于稳定不同[18],AP病人的症状转变更易受疾病进程和外部因素影响。这可能与AP病程中胰腺外分泌功能受损、营养吸收障碍及反复发作的疼痛体验相关,这些因素不仅会影响病人的生理功能,还可能诱发长期的心理应激反应[19]。此外,本研究发现,病人出院后腹泻发生率为83.8%,成为最突出的症状,提示医护人员需关注AP病人出院后的肠道功能恢复情况及饮食管理。
本研究结果显示,年龄和经济状况是影响症状转变的重要因素,年龄<60岁的病人出院后更易从高症状负担组转为低症状负担组。可能与年轻病人生理恢复能力较强、心理适应更积极有关。而家庭人均月收入<3 000元的病人出院后由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率增加,由高症状负担组转变为低症状负担组的概率降低。这可能是由于经济压力可导致病人无法负担长期随访、营养支持和后续治疗费用,进而加剧症状负担。靳宇敏等[20]研究表明,低收入群体健康结局较差,亟须通过优化医保政策和完善社会支持体系减轻其经济负担。本研究结果显示,疾病严重程度是预测症状转变概率的关键因素,轻度AP病人出院后从低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的概率降低。这可能是由于轻度AP病人胰腺局部炎症较轻,全身并发症较少,恢复周期较短,而中重度AP病人常伴随器官功能衰竭或坏死性胰腺炎,出院后仍需长期管理并发症,导致症状负担持续存在。因此,需要对中重度病人实施动态监测,对出院后腹泻高发病人,推荐低脂饮食结合胰酶替代治疗;对持续性疼痛病人,可采用非药物干预联合阶梯式镇痛方案。本研究发现,城镇职工医保病人由低症状负担组转变为高症状负担组的风险降低。这可能与职工医保覆盖的诊疗项目较全面、报销比例较高,使病人能够及时获得复诊、药物和康复服务有关。与之相比,城乡居民医保和其他支付方式的病人面临更高的经济压力,可能导致医疗服务质量下降[21]。建议医护人员积极拓展病人医疗救济渠道,尽量选取医保报销范围内的替代药物和检查项目,以提高病人治疗质量,降低其高症状负担转变风险。
AP病人出院前后症状均存在低症状负担组和高症状负担组2种类别,随着时间变化2种类别可相互转变,同时发现年龄、医疗费用支付方式、家庭人均月收入、疾病严重程度是出院前后症状转变的影响因素。医护人员需基于症状类别和影响因素实施分层管理,通过动态监测、个体化干预及政策优化,减轻病人症状负担,改善长期生活质量。本研究的局限性包括样本量偏少,且随访时间较短,未来可联合多中心进行大样本研究,并延长随访时间,以更好地探究AP病人出院前后症状的转变规律。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.005
  • 接收时间:2025-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22
  • 修回日期:2026-02-09
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    1中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院,上海 200082

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荚恒娅,E-mail:
JIA Hengya, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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