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Article(id=1322168471694193106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=1768147200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159128353, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159128353, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159128353, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159128353, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1214, endPage=1219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168471933268435, articleId=1322168471694193106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Status quo and implications of genetic specialist nurse training at home and abroad, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article synthesized the status quo of genetic specialist nurse training abroad,and in combination with advancements in the field of genetic nursing in China,provided targeted insights.The aim was to clarify the role positioning of genetic specialist nurses,strengthen the cultivation of their specialist nursing competencies,establish standardized training processes and certification criteria,and plan for their continued education.These efforts were intended to promote the development of the genetic specialist nursing workforce in China.

, authors=Shicong LIANG1, Hongdi DU2, Hongshuang CHEN2, Qingchi WANG2, Xiaopeng HUO2, authorsList=Shicong LIANG, Hongdi DU, Hongshuang CHEN, Qingchi WANG, Xiaopeng HUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaopeng HUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HUO Xiaopeng, E-mail:
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综合国外遗传专科护士培养现状，结合国内遗传护理领域进展，提出针对性启示，以期明确遗传专科护士角色定位、加强遗传专科护理能力培养、建立规范培养流程与认证标准、规划遗传专科护士继续教育，以推动我国遗传专科护士队伍发展。

, authors=梁诗聪1, 杜红娣2, 陈红爽2, 王卿驰2, 霍晓鹏2, *, *, authorsList=梁诗聪, 杜红娣, 陈红爽, 王卿驰, 霍晓鹏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=霍晓鹏, authorNote=

梁诗聪，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
霍晓鹏，E-mail：
HUO Xiaopeng, E-mail:
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Current status of genetic specialist nurse training in various countries

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国家类型培训方式培训时长培训内容要求
美国临床遗传护士授课＋工作经历≥45 h遗传学相关课程本科学历，出具50份临床病例记录和4份达到标准的病例分析
高级临床遗传护士授课＋工作经历≥50 h遗传学相关课程硕士研究生学历，出具50份临床病例记录和4份达到标准的病例分析
英国遗传专科护士授课＋实践160~750 h遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程硕士研究生学历，需通过考试、论文、多项选择测试、小项目、演讲和论文
澳大利亚遗传咨询硕士授课＋实践2年遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程遗传学硕士研究生学历
日本遗传学护士授课＋实践890 h公共卫生专业相关课程遗传学本科学历
高级遗传护理专家授课＋实践6个月遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程硕士研究生学历
), ArticleFig(id=1322530373209272544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168471694193106, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各国遗传专科护士培养现状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
国家类型培训方式培训时长培训内容要求
美国临床遗传护士授课＋工作经历≥45 h遗传学相关课程本科学历，出具50份临床病例记录和4份达到标准的病例分析
高级临床遗传护士授课＋工作经历≥50 h遗传学相关课程硕士研究生学历，出具50份临床病例记录和4份达到标准的病例分析
英国遗传专科护士授课＋实践160~750 h遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程硕士研究生学历，需通过考试、论文、多项选择测试、小项目、演讲和论文
澳大利亚遗传咨询硕士授课＋实践2年遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程遗传学硕士研究生学历
日本遗传学护士授课＋实践890 h公共卫生专业相关课程遗传学本科学历
高级遗传护理专家授课＋实践6个月遗传学相关课程、遗传咨询课程硕士研究生学历
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国内外遗传专科护士培养现状及启示
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梁诗聪 1 , 杜红娣 2 , 陈红爽 2 , 王卿驰 2 , 霍晓鹏 2, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(7): 1214-1219
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (7) : 1214 -1219
国内外遗传专科护士培养现状及启示
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梁诗聪1, 杜红娣2, 陈红爽2, 王卿驰2, 霍晓鹏2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院护理学院，北京 100144
  • 2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院
通讯作者:
霍晓鹏，E-mail：
HUO Xiaopeng, E-mail:
作者简介:

梁诗聪，硕士研究生在读

Status quo and implications of genetic specialist nurse training at home and abroad
Shicong LIANG1, Hongdi DU2, Hongshuang CHEN2, Qingchi WANG2, Xiaopeng HUO2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144 China
  • 2Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
    • Corresponding Author:
    HUO Xiaopeng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.021
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摘要
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综合国外遗传专科护士培养现状，结合国内遗传护理领域进展，提出针对性启示，以期明确遗传专科护士角色定位、加强遗传专科护理能力培养、建立规范培养流程与认证标准、规划遗传专科护士继续教育，以推动我国遗传专科护士队伍发展。

遗传学  /  专科护士  /  遗传护理  /  综述

This article synthesized the status quo of genetic specialist nurse training abroad,and in combination with advancements in the field of genetic nursing in China,provided targeted insights.The aim was to clarify the role positioning of genetic specialist nurses,strengthen the cultivation of their specialist nursing competencies,establish standardized training processes and certification criteria,and plan for their continued education.These efforts were intended to promote the development of the genetic specialist nursing workforce in China.

genetics  /  specialist nurse  /  genetic nursing  /  review
梁诗聪, 杜红娣, 陈红爽, 王卿驰, 霍晓鹏. 国内外遗传专科护士培养现状及启示. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1214 -1219 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.021
Shicong LIANG, Hongdi DU, Hongshuang CHEN, Qingchi WANG, Xiaopeng HUO. Status quo and implications of genetic specialist nurse training at home and abroad[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1214 -1219 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.021
正文
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随着医疗领域多学科以及护理交叉学科的不断发展，各学科之间的融合与协同趋势愈发明显，对专科护理领域提出了更高且多样化的要求，遗传专科护士这一新兴角色应运而生。遗传专科护士能够准确收集、整理和分析病人及其家族的遗传信息，协助医生制定个性化、精准化的治疗方案[1]。护理专业作为医疗保健服务中的核心组成部分，护士在遗传专科领域发挥着知识传播、沟通联络等多重作用，凭借在医疗领域的较大占比，护士与公众有着广泛且深入的接触，这为其开展遗传相关宣教提供了机会。因此，护士可以将遗传知识传播给更多的个体，从而让公众意识到遗传因素在健康管理中的重要性[2]。遗传咨询是遗传专科护士的重要工作内容之一，通过收集病人家族病史、基因检测等信息，结合癌症风险评估、孕期咨询结果，综合评估病人遗传风险和健康水平，所以科学、全面的遗传咨询在识别和筛选高危人群方面起着重要作用[3]。凭借自身遗传学和基因组学的知识，遗传专科护士为病人制定个性化的预防和干预措施，此外还承担科普宣教、随访管理等工作，因此遗传专科护士的作用尤为重要[4]。在我国，遗传专科护士发展相对较晚。本研究聚焦遗传专科护士的培养现状及发展等重要方面，通过对相关内容进行梳理与分析，为该群体的培养提供建设性的思考路径，助力我国遗传护理的发展及遗传专科护士的培养。
1　遗传护理的发展背景
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遗传专科护士最早设立于1940年，主要参与遗传咨询门诊工作[5]。直到1970年，遗传学工作正式被纳入护理人员的工作范畴；1988年，国际遗传护士学会（International Society of Nurses in Genetics，ISONG)成立，旨在促进遗传学和基因组学在护理教育、研究和专业实践中的整合，并展现和发展遗传专科护士在相关医疗保健实践中的领导力[6]。美国和英国等国家在遗传护理领域提供了坚实的政策和基础设施支持，随后加拿大、韩国等国家积极发展遗传护理[7-8]。在我国，遗传护理体系化的发展最早可追溯到2015年。同年，中国遗传学会遗传咨询分会成立，标志着我国遗传咨询事业进入发展阶段；2017年，中国抗癌协会家族遗传性肿瘤协作组工作启动会召开后，各地相继设立肿瘤遗传咨询门诊，推动我国肿瘤遗传咨询工作的稳步发展；2024年6月，中国遗传学会遗传护理分会正式成立，为我国遗传专科护士的培养和发展提供了平台和机遇。
2　遗传专科护士的培养
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专科护士是指在特定护理领域，熟练掌握护理知识和技术，完成专科护士的继续教育课程，通过相应考核获取专业证书的注册护士[9]。遗传专科护士在遗传疾病、家族性癌症风险筛查及健康教育、健康管理中发挥重要作用。培养遗传专科护士也是推动遗传护理发展和规范化管理的关键途径。美国是由各州护理协会及其下属专科资格认证机构进行专科护士的培训、辅导、考核、证书颁发以及再认证[10]。我国专科护士培训主要以中华护理学会、省级卫生行政部门和省级护理学会为主导，以有资质的教学医院为培训基地，培训结束通过考核者获得主办方颁发的证书，但暂未有统一的机构对专科护士资格进行认证[11]。我国遗传护理起步较晚，目前暂未有详细、具体的遗传专科护士培养方式和相应的培养基地。
2.1　国外遗传专科护士的培养现状
2.1.1　遗传专科护士的角色与职责
在发达国家，遗传护理的发展相对成熟，各国遗传专科护士承担着不同的职责。在美国，遗传专科护士与遗传咨询师共同完成病人的转诊评估工作，另外还负责遗传咨询、家族史分析、基因检测结果解读和病人教育的工作[12]。遗传专科护士可对病人进行早期疾病筛查并给出相应干预，降低发病率和潜在死亡率，节省医疗保健费用[13]。英国的遗传专科护士职责包含提前对病人进行家庭访视以充分了解病人及家庭情况，向公众科普遗传服务的重要性、对特定家庭进行随访管理及参与遗传相关研究工作等内容[14]。此外，相关研究发现，英国遗传专科护士与遗传医生提供的遗传服务内容无明显差异[15]。在澳大利亚，遗传专科护士主要承担家族史收集、家系谱绘制、疾病风险评估、病人教育、伦理问题及提供社会心理支持等工作[16]。在日本，遗传专科护士的职责包含病人教育、提供心理支持、进行产前咨询诊断、为病人及家庭提供关于家族性癌症的基因诊断服务和在保健中心进行遗传咨询[14]。国外遗传专科护士的核心职责中均包含病人教育和疾病风险筛查，根据病人实际情况，提供个性化教育，提高公众对于遗传健康的重视程度；美国的遗传专科护士侧重于遗传咨询师合作完成转诊工作，我国持证遗传咨询师人数较少，难以直接借鉴该工作模式，可由护士、临床医生、药师等组成团队，体现多学科协作；英国的专科护士表现出更强的独立性和其专业性；澳大利亚的专科护士还需解决病人的伦理问题，而遗传相关伦理问题的解决，不仅需要高专业素养，还需要伦理意识、沟通技巧等，我国护士在此方面仍需加强；日本的专科护士更专注产前咨询、癌症评估等方面，与我国的出生缺陷防治与癌症筛查的任务契合。遗传专科护士工作内容多样化，代表着其在遗传护理领域发挥着重要作用。
2.1.2　遗传专科护士培养的培训方式与时长
国外对遗传专科护士的培训方式与时长不一，暂未形成统一方案。在美国，遗传专科护士认证由美国护士认证中心负责，提供临床遗传护士和高级临床遗传护士2个级别的认证。临床遗传护士申请人要求为本科学历、拥有45 h以上的遗传学相关课程的学习经历且3年内在遗传学领域有750 h的实践经历。而高级遗传学临床护士申请人应具有硕士研究生学历，遗传学相关课程的理论学习时间达50 h，3年内在遗传学领域有1 500 h的优秀实践经历证明。同时，所有申请遗传专科护士者均需在过去3年出具50份临床病例记录和4份符合标准的病例分析报告[17]。在英国，遗传专科护士的培养计划通常要求申请者具备硕士研究生学历，并拥有在医疗机构的实践经历，临床实践时间没有统一标准，一般为160~750 h[18]。澳大利亚的遗传培训项目多在大学内进行，且面向全体医疗保健人员，例如墨尔本大学开办了为期2年的遗传咨询硕士课程，该课程设置的目的在于发展和加强临床遗传学、基因组学、遗传咨询及研究理论，同时注重培养将遗传学和基因组学应用于医疗保健的实操技能[19]。日本的遗传专科护士认证级别与美国相似，分别为遗传学护士（公共健康护士）和高级遗传护理专家。拥有遗传学本科学历且理论学习与临床实践的总时长达890 h可申请认证遗传学护士[20]，而高级遗传护理专家认证的基础条件是硕士研究生学历且需要在遗传护理专业领域完成至少6个月的培训[1]。
2.1.3　遗传专科护士培养的培训内容
国外遗传专科护士的申请认证需要拥有遗传学相关课程经历，可于本科或研究生阶段完成。遗传学与护理相结合的课程都以理论与技能相结合的方式进行，理论知识普遍涵盖遗传学相关的基因组学、疾病的遗传学、伦理学等内容，技能以遗传咨询为主。目前，美国护理院校的遗传护理相关课程内容包括遗传疾病的分子基础、疾病的遗传、遗传疾病在人群中的分布等[21]。其他国家有关遗传护理相关课程以遗传咨询为主，但并非针对护理人员设计，而是面向所有医疗保健人员，覆盖遗传咨询的完整学习过程，包括遗传咨询课程、临床咨询沟通技巧。英国伦敦大学的医学遗传学和多组学硕士课程内容包括疾病的遗传学和表观遗传学、多组学与伦理学、应用生物医学科学中的生物信息学等内容[22]；该门课程是通过考试、多项选择测试、小项目、演讲和论文进行考核，预计总共需要600 h。澳大利亚墨尔本大学遗传咨询的硕士课程包括人类遗传学、医疗保健中的基因组学、人类基因组学研究项目和遗传咨询实践等内容[19]，该课程将学习计划分解，第1年主要为临床观察与实践，要求具备在社区开展为遗传病病人及其家庭提供相应教育和支持的能力；第2年在掌握基础知识和技能后进入临床遗传学的实际工作场景实习，进一步提升自身专业技能。与多数大学开展的遗传学相关课程类似，日本京都大学的遗传咨询师的课程内容包括人类遗传学基础、临床遗传学、遗传咨询、遗传咨询师沟通导论等内容[23]。
2.1.4　遗传专科护士培养的继续教育
专科护士的继续教育有助于护士更新前沿知识与提高操作技能，实现专科护理领域的高质量发展。在美国，临床遗传护士想要完成专科护士的资格续订，需要在完成注册后的3年内进行30学时的继续教育学习，高级遗传学临床护士则需要在相同年限完成50学时要求，且明确规定至少包含15学时的药理学学习内容。继续教育的形式不限，包括课程培训、学术论文发表及临床实践等多种途径，不同类型的学习形式通过学时换算进行记录。各国遗传专科护士培养现状见表1。
2.2　我国遗传专科护士的培养现状
2.2.1　遗传专科护士的发展现状
我国遗传专科护士的角色和定位与国外类似，但处于发展阶段，我国遗传专科护士的核心能力包括信息收集、疾病风险筛查、遗传分析技能和病人随访与教育。遗传专科护士的工作需要从多维度展开对病人的系统性评估与信息整合，其职责范围涵盖个人基础资料、家族遗传病史以及生长环境与社会背景信息。在此过程中，结合基因测序数据和家系谱图进行遗传学分析，对病人的遗传状况进行专业分析和判断，选择合适的遗传检测项目与人员，探讨该疾病对病人及其家庭的影响[4]，并为他们提供随访与健康教育工作，为疾病的预防及诊疗提供全面、长期和系统化的依据。目前，已有部分学者开展遗传专科护士相关项目。吴晓丹等[24]开设医护合作的遗传性肠癌门诊，出诊护士要求为全日制硕士研究生学历、拥有5年肿瘤外科护理经验、系统学习并通过肿瘤专科护士培训和肿瘤遗传咨询培训，主要工作是遗传信息收集、绘制家系图、疾病筛查管理以及配合医生提供遗传咨询。结果显示，护士补充筛查出有肿瘤家族史病人70例,将结直肠癌家族史检出率提高了85.37%。王辉等[25]在门诊开展医护合作的遗传性妇科肿瘤病人遗传咨询和随访模式，出诊护士需为硕士研究生学历、拥有6年妇科肿瘤临床护理经验并通过国际遗传专科护士培训，护士通过病史收集和家系图绘制将可疑咨询者转诊至医生处，同时协助完成肿瘤筛查计划，并负责病人的门诊预约、随访管理和健康教育工作，该模式可有效降低病人的焦虑抑郁等负面情绪、提高健康素养和改善生活质量。蒋超南等[26]构建了我国肿瘤遗传护士培训体系，构建过程科学合理，可为我国肿瘤遗传护士培养提供依据。杨明丽等[17]认为，遗传护理可有效识别和降低遗传疾病风险。在用药护理中，护士应充分重视个体遗传特征导致的药物反应差异性，预测病人对特定药物的反应，实现个性化药物治疗方案，提高治疗效果并减少不良反应，提示遗传专科护士在遗传领域中的重要作用。目前我国遗传护理多关注肿瘤领域，未来可逐步扩展到其他遗传疾病领域，提高我国遗传健康管理质量。
2.2.2　遗传专科护士的培训现状
我遗传专科护士教育和培养体系处于发展阶段，尚未完全成熟。上海遗传学会、浙江省医学教育科技发展中心和浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院联合举办首届国际遗传专科护士培训班，该培训项目包括56 h的在线课程、为期3 d线上线下互动工作坊和理论考核，主要内容围绕生殖与遗传、肿瘤和成人健康等主题，用40多个中外遗传护理案例，全面体验遗传护理临床实践工作，完成培训并通过考核的学员将获得由上述机构联合颁发的结业证书，还可获得美国护士资格认证中心授权颁发的“国际遗传专科护士考试通过证书”[27]。从2004年起台湾职业护士协会实施提升护士在遗传学领域专业知识的计划，相关研究显示，简短的遗传学课程可以提高护理学生的遗传学知识[28]。此外，我国一些高等院校已经开始在护理课程中引入遗传护理学的教学内容。2016年，四川大学华西护理学院将护理遗传学与基因组学引入本科护理培养体系，采用理论结合临床应用案例的讲解、讨论及学生汇报等形式，学生表现出对这门课程的浓厚兴趣[29]。2022年，由中南大学培养的国内首批遗传咨询方向硕士层级的护理研究生顺利毕业，进入医院担任遗传专科护士，为遗传疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供了有力支持，标志着我国遗传护理人才步入新阶段，遗传护理人才队伍进一步壮大。
3　我国遗传专科护士培养的启示
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3.1　加强护士遗传护理能力的培养和研究
在我国，遗传专科护理尚处于起步阶段。目前，我国对专科护士培训多采用理论课程与临床实践相结合的模式，理论课程学习1个月左右，且需要通过相应考核，该考核占比可达全部考核的30%[30-31]，说明专科护士对理论知识的掌握有较高的要求。相关研究表明，我国护理专业学生的遗传知识仅处于基础水平，具有极大的提升空间[32]；同时，尽管我国执业护士对遗传学疾病知识学习兴趣浓厚且态度积极，但其知识水平仍然有待提高[33]。国外培训方式为理论知识与临床实践相结合并达到一定时长要求，参考中华护理学会于2024年10月开设的“重症高级护士实践培训班”，其包括4周理论教学和14周的临床实践（共720 h），略低于国外培训时长。此外，国外遗传护理能力培养多在大学内进行，但部分国家的遗传相关理论学习并未针对护士群体设计，故对于我国遗传专科护士培训需具有针对性以及达到各国平均培训时长。考虑到我国专科护士培训多以在职教育为主，需将理论知识与临床实践紧密结合，聚焦国内高发遗传性疾病，注重培养护士的遗传咨询专业技能，采用授课、汇报、论文、案例讨论等多种形式，同时考虑文化、宗教、伦理等多方面因素，开发契合我国国情的培训方案，逐步增强我国护士的遗传护理能力。在我国护理院校教育中也有必要增设遗传护理相关课程，逐步形成遗传护理选修课程体系，为我国遗传护理领域提供坚实的后备力量。值得注意的是，遗传护理领域涉及隐私保护和伦理道德的问题，此内容应作为重点培训与考核内容。最后，应加大在遗传护理领域的科研投入力度，推动我国遗传护理事业的稳健发展。
3.2　明确遗传专科护士角色定位
专科护士的价值体现需要明确的角色定位[30]。首先，相关专业部门或组织积极发挥引领作用，牵头开展工作。1）制定长远规划，为遗传专科护士的发展绘制蓝图；2）精心编制岗位职责说明，详细界定其工作职责与范畴；3）及时出台配套的相关文件，提供制度保障与规范指引。同时，鼓励学者紧密结合我国国情深入探讨，明确遗传专科护士角色定位及职责范围。其次，在医疗机构内部，需要进行遗传专科护士的人力资源规划，包括工作形式、工作内容、人员配比等内容，为专科护士构建清晰的职业发展道路，充分发挥专业价值，推动遗传护理的专业发展。目前，我国遗传专科护士多为临床护士兼任，影响其实践效果。医院可考虑建立遗传专科护士岗位或遗传个人管理师岗位，对门诊及院内病人进行风险筛查、随访管理、健康教育和协助进行遗传咨询工作，进而实现对病人的全面管理。
3.3　建立规范培养流程及认证标准
建立规范专科护士的培养流程有助于增强培训效果，促进全国各地遗传专科护士的发展[34]。各地护理学会应以《专科护士培训大纲》为依据，参考目前较为成熟的专科护士培训流程，制定遗传专科护士的培训流程。并且，鉴于不同地区护士群体在知识储备、实践能力等方面的差异，各地区护理学会需因地制宜，设计契合当地护士实际状况的培训方式，包括灵活调整培训时长、优化培训内容等，从而实现培训的精准性与有效性，为遗传专科护理领域培养更多高素质、专业化的护理人才[35]。
在遗传专科护士认证方面，目前我国尚未设立具备统一性的权威认证机构或委员会[36]。各地护理学会要构建统一规范的准入标准与认证体系，包括明确的认证标准、流程及考核要求，减少地区间的差异与不平衡。这将有助于提升我国遗传护理专科的整体质量，促进各地区遗传护理专科的均衡发展。美国和日本设置了2个等级的遗传专科护士资格认证，目前我国的专科护士仅有1个等级认证，未来可考虑设立遗传专科护士和高级遗传实践护士2个等级认证。在遗传护理发展较为先进国家中，遗传专科护士需要具备硕士研究生及以上学历，故护理院校也可考虑将遗传学纳入护理研究生的课程体系，为遗传专科护士提供更多高质量人才，推动遗传专科护士的培养，但鉴于我国护士队伍情况，现阶段对于遗传专科护士的要求可放宽至本科学历。
3.4　规划遗传专科护士继续教育
我国护理管理者认为，目前有43.3%的专科护士能力不足，影响临床发挥[37]。因此，需要通过继续教育弥补薄弱环节，提高专业技能。专科护士的继续教育是指获得专科资格证后，持续学习更新前沿的专科知识与技能[38]。目前，我国专科护士继续教育仍处探索阶段，可借鉴美国的继续教育模式，遗传专科护士应根据自身情况灵活选择继续教育的形式，这种方法不仅有助于临床护士平衡临床工作和学习的压力，还有助于其持续更新和提升多方面的专业知识与技能，适应遗传护理领域知识更新的现状。
4　小结
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随着遗传领域的快速发展，护士需将遗传知识融入临床实践，促进个人、家庭和社区的遗传健康。相关部门及学者可借鉴国外遗传护理领域的发展经验，结合国内成熟领域专科护士的培养模式，加强对护生及护士遗传能力的培养，明确遗传专科护士的角色与定位，构建完善的培养及认证流程体系，规划遗传专科护士继续教育，加快我国遗传专科护士队伍的建设。

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2026年第40卷第7期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.021
  • 接收时间：2025-05-13
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-05-13
  • 修回日期：2026-01-12
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    1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院护理学院，北京 100144
    2中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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