Article(id=1322168459610406961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749657600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-12, revisedDate=1771257600000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159125472, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159125472, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159125472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159125472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1018, endPage=1022, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168459937562674, articleId=1322168459610406961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Study on the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Methods

A total of 1 444 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.Clinical data were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to explore influencing factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.A generalized additive model was employed for smooth curve fitting to examine the relationship between NLR and postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients.

Results

The incidence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients was 6.30%(91/1 444).The NLR was significantly higher in the pneumonia group compared with the non-pneumonia group(P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that NLR was an important influencing factor of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture(P=0.001).Curve fitting results indicated a linear correlation between NLR and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia(P<0.05).

Conclusions

NLR has predictive value for the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.

, authors=Songge ZHANG1, 2, Jinyan CHE2, Yi SONG2, Shiwei YANG1, 2, authorsList=Songge ZHANG, Jinyan CHE, Yi SONG, Shiwei YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shiwei YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YANG Shiwei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168461942439989, articleId=1322168459610406961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和术后肺炎的关系, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和术后肺炎的关系。

方法

选取2012年1月—2021年12月深圳市第二人民医院收治的老年髋部骨折病人1 444例作为研究对象,收集病人临床资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生情况的影响因素,使用广义加法模型进行平滑曲线拟合探讨NLR和老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的关系。

结果

老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生率为6.30%(91/1 444),肺炎组NLR高于非肺炎组(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR为老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的重要影响因素(P=0.001)。平滑曲线拟合结果显示,NLR与老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎呈线性相关(P<0.05)。

结论

NLR对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的发生具有一定的预测价值。

, authors=张颂歌1, 2, 车金燕2, 宋意2, 阳世伟1, 2, *, *, authorsList=张颂歌, 车金燕, 宋意, 阳世伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=阳世伟, authorNote=

张颂歌,护士,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
阳世伟,E-mail:
YANG Shiwei, E-mail:
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ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530296562569516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, companyId=1322530296554180907, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530296570958125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, companyId=1322530296554180907, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2深圳市第二人民医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530301029503314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Relationship between NLR and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients, figureFileSmall=n6elVahrwOzX8QlmgrgfBw==, figureFileBig=ErFpj2jF9oIHJn8bXyq75Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530301088223571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=CN, label=图1, caption=老年髋部骨折病人NLR与术后肺炎发生情况的关系, figureFileSmall=n6elVahrwOzX8QlmgrgfBw==, figureFileBig=ErFpj2jF9oIHJn8bXyq75Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530301285355860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of clinical data between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量非肺炎组(n=1 353)肺炎组(n=91)统计值P
年龄(岁)77.20±8.6482.60±8.57t=-5.775<0.001
性别[例(%)] 男356(26.31)33(36.26)χ2=4.2910.038
女997(73.69)58(63.74)
BMI(kg/m2)22.04±3.2121.73±3.82t=0.8750.382
骨折类型[例(%)] 股骨颈骨折871(64.38)54(59.34)χ2=0.9390.333
股骨转子间骨折482(35.62)37(40.66)
骨折至手术时间(h)77(50,139)100(62,179)Z=-2.0310.042
吸烟史[例(%)]60(4.43)7(7.69)χ2=2.0450.153
住院时长(d)10(8,15)16(12,20)Z=-7.312<0.001
高血压[例(%)]645(47.67)49(53.85)χ2=1.3020.254
冠心病[例(%)]169(12.49)21(23.08)χ2=8.3620.004
脑卒中[例(%)]228(16.85)29(31.87)χ2=13.142<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]302(22.32)24(26.37)χ2=0.8010.371
慢性阻塞性肺疾病[例(%)]25(1.85)4(4.40)χ2=2.8130.094
帕金森病[例(%)]28(2.07)5(5.49)χ2=3.0770.079
NLR5.42(3.75,8.00)6.78(4.54,11.99)Z=-3.537<0.001
单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值0.45(0.32,0.63)0.51(0.32,0.81)Z=-1.9890.047
白细胞计数(×109/L)9.13±2.9110.11±4.50t=-2.9610.003
血红蛋白(g/L)117.06±18.33108.81±23.42t=4.078<0.001
红细胞分布宽度(%)13.14±1.6114.00±1.67t=-3.387<0.001
血肌酐(μmol/L)64.60(53.00,80.70)72.60(60.85,99.90)Z=-3.2260.001
血清白蛋白(g/L)38.18±4.3936.29±4.56t=3.948<0.001
手术方式[例(%)] 内固定567(41.91)32(35.16)χ2=1.5970.206
关节置换786(58.09)59(64.84)
手术持续时间(min)85.32±35.8679.66±34.83t=1.4610.144
麻醉方式[例(%)] 全身麻醉1 031(76.20)69(75.82)χ2=0.0070.935
非全身麻醉322(23.80)22(24.18)
麻醉分级[例(%)] ≤Ⅱ级599(44.27)25(27.47)χ2=9.8060.002
≥Ⅲ级754(55.73)66(72.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530301365047637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组病人临床资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量非肺炎组(n=1 353)肺炎组(n=91)统计值P
年龄(岁)77.20±8.6482.60±8.57t=-5.775<0.001
性别[例(%)] 男356(26.31)33(36.26)χ2=4.2910.038
女997(73.69)58(63.74)
BMI(kg/m2)22.04±3.2121.73±3.82t=0.8750.382
骨折类型[例(%)] 股骨颈骨折871(64.38)54(59.34)χ2=0.9390.333
股骨转子间骨折482(35.62)37(40.66)
骨折至手术时间(h)77(50,139)100(62,179)Z=-2.0310.042
吸烟史[例(%)]60(4.43)7(7.69)χ2=2.0450.153
住院时长(d)10(8,15)16(12,20)Z=-7.312<0.001
高血压[例(%)]645(47.67)49(53.85)χ2=1.3020.254
冠心病[例(%)]169(12.49)21(23.08)χ2=8.3620.004
脑卒中[例(%)]228(16.85)29(31.87)χ2=13.142<0.001
糖尿病[例(%)]302(22.32)24(26.37)χ2=0.8010.371
慢性阻塞性肺疾病[例(%)]25(1.85)4(4.40)χ2=2.8130.094
帕金森病[例(%)]28(2.07)5(5.49)χ2=3.0770.079
NLR5.42(3.75,8.00)6.78(4.54,11.99)Z=-3.537<0.001
单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值0.45(0.32,0.63)0.51(0.32,0.81)Z=-1.9890.047
白细胞计数(×109/L)9.13±2.9110.11±4.50t=-2.9610.003
血红蛋白(g/L)117.06±18.33108.81±23.42t=4.078<0.001
红细胞分布宽度(%)13.14±1.6114.00±1.67t=-3.387<0.001
血肌酐(μmol/L)64.60(53.00,80.70)72.60(60.85,99.90)Z=-3.2260.001
血清白蛋白(g/L)38.18±4.3936.29±4.56t=3.948<0.001
手术方式[例(%)] 内固定567(41.91)32(35.16)χ2=1.5970.206
关节置换786(58.09)59(64.84)
手术持续时间(min)85.32±35.8679.66±34.83t=1.4610.144
麻醉方式[例(%)] 全身麻醉1 031(76.20)69(75.82)χ2=0.0070.935
非全身麻醉322(23.80)22(24.18)
麻醉分级[例(%)] ≤Ⅱ级599(44.27)25(27.47)χ2=9.8060.002
≥Ⅲ级754(55.73)66(72.53)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530301448933718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
年龄0.0740.01331.066<0.0011.076 6[1.049 0,1.104 8]
性别0.4660.2274.2260.0401.593 4[1.022 0,2.484 4]
BMI-0.0300.0340.7660.3820.970 6[0.907 8,1.037 7]
骨折类型0.2140.2210.9360.3331.238 2[0.803 2,1.908 8]
骨折至手术时间0.0000.0000.4020.5261.000 2[0.999 7,1.000 7]
吸烟史0.5850.4151.9910.1581.795 8[0.796 2,4.050 3]
住院时长0.0880.01250.146<0.0011.092 4[1.066 0,1.119 4]
高血压0.2470.2171.2970.2551.280 6[0.836 6,1.960 2]
冠心病0.7430.2628.0350.0052.101 8[1.257 6,3.512 7]
脑卒中0.8360.23612.516<0.0012.307 9[1.452 1,3.668 2]
糖尿病0.2200.2470.7980.3721.246 6[0.768 7,2.021 7]
慢性阻塞性肺疾病0.8930.5502.6380.1042.442 3[0.831 4,7.174 0]
帕金森病1.0120.4984.1280.0422.751 2[1.036 5,7.303 1]
NLR0.0650.01616.507<0.0011.067 2[1.034 2,1.101 2]
单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值0.3930.1824.6770.0311.481 3[1.037 5,2.114 9]
白细胞计数0.0910.0318.5990.0031.095 4[1.030 7,1.164 1]
血红蛋白-0.0220.00616.220<0.0010.977 9[0.967 3,0.988 6]
红细胞分布宽度0.1440.0498.6420.0031.154 6[1.049 1,1.270 7]
血肌酐0.0020.0015.6530.0171.002 0[1.000 4,1.003 7]
血清白蛋白-0.0870.02215.539<0.0010.916 5[0.877 7,0.957 1]
手术方式0.2850.2261.5880.2081.330 0[0.853 5,2.072 7]
手术持续时间-0.0050.0042.1470.1430.994 9[0.988 1,1.001 7]
麻醉方式0.0210.2530.0070.9351.020 9[0.621 7,1.676 3]
麻醉分级0.7410.2419.4340.0022.097 3[1.307 4,3.364 5]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530301516042583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

单因素回归分析结果

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变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
年龄0.0740.01331.066<0.0011.076 6[1.049 0,1.104 8]
性别0.4660.2274.2260.0401.593 4[1.022 0,2.484 4]
BMI-0.0300.0340.7660.3820.970 6[0.907 8,1.037 7]
骨折类型0.2140.2210.9360.3331.238 2[0.803 2,1.908 8]
骨折至手术时间0.0000.0000.4020.5261.000 2[0.999 7,1.000 7]
吸烟史0.5850.4151.9910.1581.795 8[0.796 2,4.050 3]
住院时长0.0880.01250.146<0.0011.092 4[1.066 0,1.119 4]
高血压0.2470.2171.2970.2551.280 6[0.836 6,1.960 2]
冠心病0.7430.2628.0350.0052.101 8[1.257 6,3.512 7]
脑卒中0.8360.23612.516<0.0012.307 9[1.452 1,3.668 2]
糖尿病0.2200.2470.7980.3721.246 6[0.768 7,2.021 7]
慢性阻塞性肺疾病0.8930.5502.6380.1042.442 3[0.831 4,7.174 0]
帕金森病1.0120.4984.1280.0422.751 2[1.036 5,7.303 1]
NLR0.0650.01616.507<0.0011.067 2[1.034 2,1.101 2]
单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值0.3930.1824.6770.0311.481 3[1.037 5,2.114 9]
白细胞计数0.0910.0318.5990.0031.095 4[1.030 7,1.164 1]
血红蛋白-0.0220.00616.220<0.0010.977 9[0.967 3,0.988 6]
红细胞分布宽度0.1440.0498.6420.0031.154 6[1.049 1,1.270 7]
血肌酐0.0020.0015.6530.0171.002 0[1.000 4,1.003 7]
血清白蛋白-0.0870.02215.539<0.0010.916 5[0.877 7,0.957 1]
手术方式0.2850.2261.5880.2081.330 0[0.853 5,2.072 7]
手术持续时间-0.0050.0042.1470.1430.994 9[0.988 1,1.001 7]
麻醉方式0.0210.2530.0070.9351.020 9[0.621 7,1.676 3]
麻醉分级0.7410.2419.4340.0022.097 3[1.307 4,3.364 5]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530301574762840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate regression analysis

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变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
年龄0.0620.01418.655<0.0011.064[1.035,1.095]
性别0.4940.2454.0720.0441.639[1.014,2.647]
住院时长0.0820.01338.330<0.0011.086[1.058,1.114]
脑卒中0.6820.2606.8900.0091.978[1.189,3.293]
NLR0.0580.01810.5730.0011.060[1.023,1.098]
血红蛋白-0.0160.0067.8700.0050.984[0.972,0.995]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530301637677401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168459610406961, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

多因素回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
年龄0.0620.01418.655<0.0011.064[1.035,1.095]
性别0.4940.2454.0720.0441.639[1.014,2.647]
住院时长0.0820.01338.330<0.0011.086[1.058,1.114]
脑卒中0.6820.2606.8900.0091.978[1.189,3.293]
NLR0.0580.01810.5730.0011.060[1.023,1.098]
血红蛋白-0.0160.0067.8700.0050.984[0.972,0.995]
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老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和术后肺炎的关系
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张颂歌 1, 2 , 车金燕 2 , 宋意 2 , 阳世伟 1, 2, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(6): 1018-1022
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (6) : 1018 -1022
老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和术后肺炎的关系
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张颂歌1, 2, 车金燕2, 宋意2, 阳世伟1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1安徽医科大学护理学院,安徽 230032
  • 2深圳市第二人民医院
通讯作者:
阳世伟,E-mail:
YANG Shiwei, E-mail:
作者简介:

张颂歌,护士,硕士研究生在读

Study on the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture
Songge ZHANG1, 2, Jinyan CHE2, Yi SONG2, Shiwei YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032 China
  • 2Shenzhen Second People's Hospital
  • Corresponding Author:
    YANG Shiwei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.019
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目的

探讨老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和术后肺炎的关系。

方法

选取2012年1月—2021年12月深圳市第二人民医院收治的老年髋部骨折病人1 444例作为研究对象,收集病人临床资料,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生情况的影响因素,使用广义加法模型进行平滑曲线拟合探讨NLR和老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的关系。

结果

老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生率为6.30%(91/1 444),肺炎组NLR高于非肺炎组(P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,NLR为老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的重要影响因素(P=0.001)。平滑曲线拟合结果显示,NLR与老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎呈线性相关(P<0.05)。

结论

NLR对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的发生具有一定的预测价值。

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值  /  髋部骨折  /  老年人  /  手术  /  肺炎  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Methods

A total of 1 444 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study subjects.Clinical data were collected.Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to explore influencing factors of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.A generalized additive model was employed for smooth curve fitting to examine the relationship between NLR and postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients.

Results

The incidence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly hip fracture patients was 6.30%(91/1 444).The NLR was significantly higher in the pneumonia group compared with the non-pneumonia group(P<0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that NLR was an important influencing factor of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture(P=0.001).Curve fitting results indicated a linear correlation between NLR and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia(P<0.05).

Conclusions

NLR has predictive value for the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture.

neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio  /  hip fracture  /  the elderly  /  surgery  /  pneumonia  /  influencing factors
张颂歌, 车金燕, 宋意, 阳世伟. 老年髋部骨折病人中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值和术后肺炎的关系. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1018 -1022 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.019
Songge ZHANG, Jinyan CHE, Yi SONG, Shiwei YANG. Study on the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients with hip fracture[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1018 -1022 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.019
髋部骨折是老年人常见的严重骨折类型之一[1],被称作“人生的最后一次骨折”,对疾病负担影响较大[2]。随着人口老龄化问题日益加剧,髋部骨折发病率逐渐上升[3],手术是其主要治疗手段,但术后恢复不佳可导致高致残风险和高死亡风险等[4]。肺炎是髋部骨折术后的常见并发症之一[5],可导致病人术后恢复不佳。中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)是反映机体炎症状态的重要指标,常被用于预测心脑血管疾病预后[6-8]。随着研究的深入,NLR的预测价值逐渐得到拓展。孟衍蓉等[9-12]对老年髋部骨折术后病人的预后与NLR相关性进行研究,结果不尽相同。为了进一步明确NLR对老年髋部骨折病人术后恢复的影响,本研究对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生风险与NLR之间的关系进行探讨,评估NLR对术后肺炎发生情况的影响,现将结果报道如下。
选取2012年1月—2021年12月深圳市第二人民医院收治的老年髋部骨折病人1 444例作为研究对象。纳入标准:1)明确诊断为髋部骨折(包括股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间/转子间骨折);2)年龄≥60岁;3)治疗方式为手术治疗。排除标准:1)陈旧性骨折(受伤至入院时间>3周);2)病理性骨折;3)假体周围骨折;4)多发性骨折或开放性骨折;5)术前确诊为肺炎;6)合并血液或免疫系统疾病;7)资料缺失。本研究经深圳市第二人民医院临床研究伦理委员会批准(批号:20210620213357012-FS01)。本研究为回顾性研究且数据经匿名化处理,故豁免知情同意。
肺炎诊断标准参照《中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南(2018年版)》[13]制定:1)影像学检查肺部有新发浸润影、实变或空洞形成;2)体温>38 ℃且排除其他病因;3)白细胞计数异常(>10×109/L或<4×109/L);4)具有呼吸系统症状,如咳痰、胸闷、气促等。
通过电子病案系统收集研究对象临床资料。1)一般资料:包括年龄、性别、吸烟史、体质指数(BMI)、骨折类型及既往病史等;2)入院24 h内实验室检查指标:包括白细胞计数、血红蛋白等;3)手术资料:包括麻醉方式、麻醉分级、手术方式及手术持续时间。
将收集的数据录入EpiData 3.1软件,使用统计软件包R和EmpowerStats进行统计分析。正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;非正态分布的定量资料以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用非参数检验;定性资料以频数及百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探索老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生的影响因素,使用广义加法模型进行平滑曲线拟合探讨老年髋部骨折病人NLR和术后肺炎的关系。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
1 444例老年髋部骨折病人中,有91例病人于手术结束后24 h至出院期间发生肺炎,术后肺炎发生率为6.30%。根据病人肺炎发生情况将其分为非肺炎组(1 353例)和肺炎组(91例),两组病人临床资料比较结果见表1。
以老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生情况(否=0,是=1)为因变量,以老年髋部骨折病人临床资料为自变量(性别,男=0,女=1;冠心病,无=0,有=1;脑卒中,无=0,有=1;帕金森病,无=0,有=1;麻醉分级,≤Ⅱ级=0,≥Ⅲ级=1;骨折类型,股骨颈骨折=0,股骨转子间骨折=1;吸烟史,无=0,有=1;高血压,无=0,有=1;糖尿病,无=0,有=1;慢性阻塞性肺疾病,无=0,有=1;手术方式,内固定=0,关节置换=1;麻醉方式,全身麻醉=0,非全身麻醉=1;年龄、BMI、骨折至手术时间、住院时长、NLR、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞分布宽度、血肌酐、血清白蛋白、手术持续时间均以原值代入),进行单因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,年龄、性别、住院时长、冠心病、脑卒中、帕金森病、NLR、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值、白细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞分布宽度、血肌酐、血清白蛋白、麻醉分级有统计学意义(均P<0.05),见表2。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量作为自变量进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,NLR为老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的重要影响因素(P=0.001),见表3。
将NLR作为自变量,将老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生情况作为因变量(否=0,是=1),根据相关文献[14-16]及多因素回归分析结果调整变量(年龄、性别、BMI、骨折至手术时间、住院时长、冠心病、脑卒中、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值、红细胞分布宽度、血红蛋白、血肌酐、血清白蛋白、麻醉分级)进行曲线拟合,结果显示两者呈线性相关(P<0.05),见图1。
肺炎是老年髋部骨折病人术后常见的并发症,不仅会延长住院时间,还可能引发严重的全身炎症反应和多器官功能障碍,提高病人死亡风险。目前,老年髋部骨折病人的术后肺部感染防控策略尚不完善[17],因此,需积极寻找有效、简便的生物标志物对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的发生进行临床早期风险评估,以提高病人老年髋部骨折病人术后健康状态。
老年髋部骨折病人术后存在多重免疫学风险,一方面手术创伤本身会触发应激性免疫反应,干扰免疫系统的正常调节功能;另一方面,人体免疫系统会随年龄增长呈现衰退特征,先天性免疫防御功能下降,导致机体感染易感性增强[18-19]。免疫炎症因素在老年髋部骨折术后病人的预后机制中扮演着关键角色[16,20],其中NLR具有高敏感性和低特异性,是评估机体炎症反应的有效指标[21]。Zhang等[22]对失代偿期肝硬化经颈静脉肝内门体分流术病人进行研究后发现,高NLR与不良炎症结局有关,与NLR水平最低的1/3病人相比,处于中等1/3的病人不良炎症结局风险增加3.510倍,而较高1/3的病人不良炎症结局风险增加5.112倍。本研究结果显示,肺炎组NLR水平高于非肺炎组(P<0.001),提示NLR水平与老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的发生有关。
Yao等[16]研究指出,与血小板与淋巴细胞比值和全身免疫炎症指数相比,NLR对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生情况的预测较可靠。但也有学者就老年髋部骨折病人术前NLR对术后短期并发症的预测性进行研究发现,NLR无法预测早期不良结局[10]。本研究对NLR在肺炎组与非肺炎组中的差异进行研究,并通过单因素及多因素回归分析探讨老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的影响因素,结果显示,NLR为老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的重要影响因素(P=0.001)。平滑曲线拟合进一步表明老年髋部骨折病人NLR与其术后肺炎存在线性相关关系(P<0.05),提示NLR对术后肺炎的发生有一定的预测价值。
本研究评估了NLR对老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎的影响,NLR具有易获取、计算简单等诸多优点,可作为早期识别老年髋部骨折病人术后肺炎发生的重要参考指标。医护人员应加强对NLR的监测,制定个性化的防控策略以改善老年髋部骨折病人预后。但本研究为单中心回顾性研究,未来可开展前瞻性的多中心研究,以提高研究结果的代表性及科学性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.019
  • 接收时间:2025-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12
  • 修回日期:2026-02-17
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    1安徽医科大学护理学院,安徽 230032
    2深圳市第二人民医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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