Article(id=1322168437078601945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744646400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-15, revisedDate=1767542400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159120101, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159120101, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159120101, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159120101, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1108, endPage=1113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168437334454490, articleId=1322168437078601945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction and methodology introduction of Story-Based Score Guide for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, columnId=1322165088144962406, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Methodology Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To elaborate the theoretical foundations and developmental trajectory of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide(SBSG-P),and to clarify its relevant concepts and construction process.

Methods

By searching and reviewing domestic and international literature on Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System and related story-based tools,the construction objectives and procedural steps of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide were defined.

Results

This study developed a methodological framework for the construction process of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide.The framework adopted a mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative and qualitative methodologies.The framework included formulating a research protocol,combining quantitative preliminary assessment with individual semi-structured interviews for data collection,using summative content analysis to generate the initial draft of the guide,subsequently conducting focus group interviews and Delphi expert consultations to refine the content,and carrying out a small-scale pilot study to examine the validity of the mapping between narrative stories and quantitative data,on the basis of which the final version of the guide was revised and clinical validation was conducted.

Conclusions

Clarifying the methodological framework for constructing the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide is intended to support clinicians and nurses in developing innovative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System score interpretation tools that are both contextually grounded and precise,thereby providing decision support for treatment decisions,intervention strategies,and individualized patient management in clinical practice.

, authors=Runxi XIAO1, Ling WANG1, Yang YANG2, Xueru WANG2, Tingting CAI1, Qingmei HUANG1, Fulei WU1, Wen ZHANG1, Changrong YUAN1, authorsList=Runxi XIAO, Ling WANG, Yang YANG, Xueru WANG, Tingting CAI, Qingmei HUANG, Fulei WU, Wen ZHANG, Changrong YUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changrong YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YUAN Changrong, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168437791633627, articleId=1322168437078601945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建及其方法学简介, columnId=1322165088312734568, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=方法学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

阐述基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南(SBSG-P)的理论基础与发展脉络,解析其相关概念与构建流程。

方法

通过检索与梳理国内外患者报告结局测量信息系统及相关故事化工具文献,明确基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南的构建目标与构建流程。

结果

构建了一套基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建流程的方法学框架,该框架采用混合方法学设计,结合量性研究和质性研究方法学,包括制定研究计划,结合定量预评估及个体半结构式访谈进行资料收集,通过总结性内容分析法形成指南初稿,随后通过焦点小组访谈和Delphi专家咨询优化内容,并以小样本预调查检验故事与数据映射的有效性,最终修订形成指南终稿并开展临床验证。

结论

明确基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建方法学框架旨在为临床医护人员开发兼具情境性和精准度的患者报告结局测量信息系统量表评分解读创新工具,进而为临床实践中的治疗决策、干预策略及患者个性化管理方案提供决策支持。

, authors=肖润希1, 王玲1, 杨瑒2, 王学儒2, 蔡婷婷1, 黄青梅1, 吴傅蕾1, 张雯1, 袁长蓉1, *, *, authorsList=肖润希, 王玲, 杨瑒, 王学儒, 蔡婷婷, 黄青梅, 吴傅蕾, 张雯, 袁长蓉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=袁长蓉, authorNote=

肖润希,博士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
袁长蓉,E-mail:
YUAN Changrong, E-mail:
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基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建及其方法学简介
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肖润希 1 , 王玲 1 , 杨瑒 2 , 王学儒 2 , 蔡婷婷 1 , 黄青梅 1 , 吴傅蕾 1 , 张雯 1 , 袁长蓉 1, *, *
护理研究 | 方法学研究 2026,40(7): 1108-1113
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护理研究 |方法学研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1108 -1113
基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建及其方法学简介
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肖润希1, 王玲1, 杨瑒2, 王学儒2, 蔡婷婷1, 黄青梅1, 吴傅蕾1, 张雯1, 袁长蓉1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学护理学院,上海 200032
  • 2复旦大学附属肿瘤医院
通讯作者:
袁长蓉,E-mail:
YUAN Changrong, E-mail:
作者简介:

肖润希,博士研究生在读

Construction and methodology introduction of Story-Based Score Guide for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System
Runxi XIAO1, Ling WANG1, Yang YANG2, Xueru WANG2, Tingting CAI1, Qingmei HUANG1, Fulei WU1, Wen ZHANG1, Changrong YUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 China
  • 2Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Hospital
  • Corresponding Author:
    YUAN Changrong, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.006
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目的

阐述基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南(SBSG-P)的理论基础与发展脉络,解析其相关概念与构建流程。

方法

通过检索与梳理国内外患者报告结局测量信息系统及相关故事化工具文献,明确基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南的构建目标与构建流程。

结果

构建了一套基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建流程的方法学框架,该框架采用混合方法学设计,结合量性研究和质性研究方法学,包括制定研究计划,结合定量预评估及个体半结构式访谈进行资料收集,通过总结性内容分析法形成指南初稿,随后通过焦点小组访谈和Delphi专家咨询优化内容,并以小样本预调查检验故事与数据映射的有效性,最终修订形成指南终稿并开展临床验证。

结论

明确基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建方法学框架旨在为临床医护人员开发兼具情境性和精准度的患者报告结局测量信息系统量表评分解读创新工具,进而为临床实践中的治疗决策、干预策略及患者个性化管理方案提供决策支持。

患者自我报告结局  /  基于故事的评分指南  /  方法学
Objective

To elaborate the theoretical foundations and developmental trajectory of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide(SBSG-P),and to clarify its relevant concepts and construction process.

Methods

By searching and reviewing domestic and international literature on Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System and related story-based tools,the construction objectives and procedural steps of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide were defined.

Results

This study developed a methodological framework for the construction process of the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide.The framework adopted a mixed-methods design that integrates quantitative and qualitative methodologies.The framework included formulating a research protocol,combining quantitative preliminary assessment with individual semi-structured interviews for data collection,using summative content analysis to generate the initial draft of the guide,subsequently conducting focus group interviews and Delphi expert consultations to refine the content,and carrying out a small-scale pilot study to examine the validity of the mapping between narrative stories and quantitative data,on the basis of which the final version of the guide was revised and clinical validation was conducted.

Conclusions

Clarifying the methodological framework for constructing the Story-Based Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Score Guide is intended to support clinicians and nurses in developing innovative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System score interpretation tools that are both contextually grounded and precise,thereby providing decision support for treatment decisions,intervention strategies,and individualized patient management in clinical practice.

patient-reported outcomes  /  story-based score guide  /  methodology
肖润希, 王玲, 杨瑒, 王学儒, 蔡婷婷, 黄青梅, 吴傅蕾, 张雯, 袁长蓉. 基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建及其方法学简介. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1108 -1113 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.006
Runxi XIAO, Ling WANG, Yang YANG, Xueru WANG, Tingting CAI, Qingmei HUANG, Fulei WU, Wen ZHANG, Changrong YUAN. Construction and methodology introduction of Story-Based Score Guide for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1108 -1113 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.006
随着精准医疗和患者中心护理理念的深入推广,患者自我报告目前已成为重要的医疗数据来源之一[1],也成为临床决策和医疗资源配置的重要依据[2]。患者报告结局测量信息系统(Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System,PROMIS)是标准化的自我报告评估工具[3],已在多个健康领域的应用中展现了其良好的信效度[4]。患者报告结局测量信息系统的原始分数需转换为标准化的T分数进行解读[5],然而其分值含义及所反映的患者健康状况仍存在抽象性与临床情境脱节的问题。因此,如何帮助患者及临床医护人员在实践中更为直观地准确感知分值与患者实际感受或具体情境成为亟须解决的关键问题。为解决这一问题,本研究提出了一种新的方法学框架——基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南(Story-based Score Guide for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System,SBSG-P),试将其作为数字化评分与实际症状之间的桥梁,旨在利用故事化的描述直接映射患者的患者报告结局测量信息系统的量表评分中,使得分数的意义更具临床可解释性,以更好地指导临床决策。该方法源于叙事医学(narrative medicine)领域,叙事医学和故事分析方法在揭示患者复杂经历、情感和期望上显示出独特优势[6]。因此,通过将数字化评分的量性数据与具体的生活故事和日常情境等质性资料相结合,不仅更能够帮助临床医生识别和理解不同患者的症状表现,也可为后续的治疗、干预和自我管理提供更为科学和个性化的决策依据。目前,国外已有研究尝试将叙事医学与患者报告结局测量信息系统评分相结合[3],以提升评分的临床解释性,但其方法学仍未被明确提出,国内在这一领域的研究尚处于起步阶段,基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南的应用还有待进一步拓展。因此,本研究对基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南构建及其方法学进行介绍,以促进更多护理领域研究学者了解并应用该方法学开发更具情境性和个性化的量表评分解读工具。
患者报告结局是评估个体健康状况的重要工具,其中患者报告结局测量信息系统涵盖生理、心理、社会健康三大模块内容[1]。作为一种自我报告结局的标准化测量工具,患者报告结局测量信息系统旨在通过患者自我报告的方式评估其症状、功能以及生活质量等多个维度健康状况,而其测量结果采用T分(T-score)作为标准化评分体系[7]。T分是基于相关参考人群数据的标准化得分,具体而言,T分是通过原始分数与其平均数之间的距离为标准差作为单位表示,其中相关参考人群的平均值为50分,标准差为10分。T分的标准化过程确保了不同群体、不同时间点之间评分结果的可比性,根据项目反应理论(item response theory,IRT),T分的截断值(cut-off)用于划分不同量表所测构念的严重程度等级[3]。叙事医学由Charon等[8]提出,强调患者叙事的重要价值。受现象学视角影响,叙事医学主张从患者的主观体验出发,关注疾病如何嵌入个体生活世界,在这一框架下,医疗实践不仅是病理的观察,更着眼于对患者身体化经验(embodied experience)的深刻理解[9]。在这一视角下,人类通过叙事组织经验、赋予意义,因而疾病叙事不仅作为信息的载体,更是患者重塑自我身份、应对疾病挑战的关键方式。因此,故事成为反映患者认知和经验的重要工具[10]。此外,受解释学(hermeneutics)理论的启发,伽达默尔的“视域融合”理论强调,医患对话应通过对患者故事的诠释,达成共同理解[11]。为深入理解患者,医护人员需超越自身的专业框架,进入患者的叙事逻辑,进而实现意义的“诠释循环”。因此,故事成为理解疾病体验的关键载体。当前,基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南作为整合定量健康评估与叙事医学的创新范式,其系统化应用仍处于理论验证阶段,国内尚未形成完整的本土化实证研究体系。国际研究领域中,Rothrock等[3]的探索性工作具有里程碑意义:该团队通过叙事锚定技术(narrative anchoring technique)构建多发性硬化症(MS)患者疲乏维度的分级化场景模型,成功实现量表分数到日常生活功能的语义映射。这一方法在儿科领域得到进一步延伸,如Birnie等[11]创新性引入案例交互系统,将疼痛T分与“焦虑、疼痛干扰、同伴关系”等场景动态关联,结合多源信息技术验证家长群体的数据理解度,证实叙事工具可进一步提升患者报告结局的解释效能。
综上所述,基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南以患者报告结局测量信息系统为原型,以叙事医学哲学思想为指导,实现量化评估的客观性和叙事经验主体性的互补。基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南的创新性源于其双重理论框架的有机整合:一方面,依托患者报告结局测量信息系统系统的标准化计量体系,为健康评估提供定量化的客观基准;另一方面,融入叙事医学的“共情-见证”理念,通过结构化故事脚本实现临床数据的个体经验重构。这种数据-叙事的双模态解译机制有效搭建了数字化评分与真实症状体验间的认知桥梁,通过将抽象数值锚定于具体生活场景,促进多方医疗主体在医患沟通、治疗决策等环节形成对健康评分的共识性认知,从而提升患者报告结局工具在真实医疗情境中的可操作性。
以患者语言化的体验,如症状描述、生活史、隐喻表达等资料作为评估的原始输入[12],通过文本分析和主题建模提取叙事中的关键信息,推动量表评分更具情境性和个性化[13]。
融合定性叙事数据,即主观体验的深度与量化条目评分[14],如患者报告结局测量信息系统不同维度量表,生成兼具语义丰富性和统计学可比性的复合指标[15]。
基于社会认知理论的三元交互模型[16],将患者叙事中情感、认知及背景等要素与患者报告结局测量信息系统评分数据模块动态关联,形成有效的映射与连接[17]。
本研究提出基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南,旨在连接传统患者报告结局量表的结构化评分与临床症状之间的解释鸿沟,提高患者报告结局测量信息系统评分的临床可解释性。通过将患者报告结局测量信息系统评分与具体情境结合,基于故事的评分指南能够帮助患者和医护人员在临床实践中更直观理解数据背后的意义。与此同时,基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南作为具备高度个性化特征的健康沟通工具,使患者可以更清晰地感受到自己评分所代表的生活状况和症状体验,从而将抽象的量化结果与自身具体的健康感受建立联系。这种个体化的解读方式不仅提升了患者对自身健康状态的认知,还能够激发其对康复过程的关注与主动参与,增强健康行为的内在动机。此外,个性化的故事内容亦有助于医护人员了解患者在不同生活情境下的真实感受,进而制定更契合其需求的干预策略,提升临床沟通的效率与同理性,推动实现真正以患者为中心的精准照护。在此基础上,基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南推动患者报告结局工具从单一的“信息收集工具”转变为以患者体验为核心的“临床决策支持手段”,将抽象的健康数据转化为更具可操作性的干预线索,推动患者报告结局工具从数据采集向意义共生的范式转型与临床应用。
研究者首先需明确研究的总体目标,即确定欲解决的临床问题或关注的患者体验模块,随后选取相关领域中经过信效度验证的患者报告结局测量信息系统量表作为评估工具,并确定相应量表T分的截断值所划分的所测构念的严重程度等级。此外,在研究开展之前,研究者还需制定详细的研究计划,包括明确访谈的主题、确定访谈者和访谈对象、确定数据收集与分析方法,并确保获得伦理审批。采用目的抽样法,从目标群体中选择具有代表性的个体作为研究对象。由于需确保研究对象量表原始得分经T值转换后覆盖全部严重程度层级。因此,抽样时强调采用最大差异法(maximum variation sampling)策略[18],保证每个层级都纳入具有代表性的个体作为访谈对象,通常为每个层级访谈10~20名访谈对象。同时,为确保故事内容兼具临床解释力与叙事丰富性,样本量以资料不再产生新概念、范畴或主题为准,即访谈资料达饱和。
基于目标人群特征,研究者采用横断面调查法(cross-sectional survey)[19],依托医疗机构合作平台,向符合纳入标准的受试者发放中文版患者报告结局测量信息系统。随后,研究者遵循患者报告结局测量信息系统计分手册进行标准化处理:首先核查应答完整性(设置缺失值容限≤15%),再通过项目反应理论模型将原始分转换为标准化T分(平均值为50分,标准差为10分),以了解患者在各个维度上的健康状况,并为后续的叙事收集提供初步框架。
基于预评估量化结果,本阶段采用目的性分层抽样策略,依据T分区间将参与者纳入高、中、低3级症状严重度组,确保样本在健康状态频谱上具有代表性差异。研究者实施半结构式深度访谈(semi-structured in-depth interview),通过访谈患者,收集不同症状严重程度的患者对症状主观描述,形成故事脚本。
总结性内容分析法由Hsieh和Shannon提出,区别于传统内容分析法,该分析法将量化统计与质性诠释相结合,其核心在于通过显性内容的频率统计和隐性语境的意义解读,揭示文本中关键概念的多维形态,强调先统计后诠释的双阶段逻辑[20-21]。但应用此方法时研究者需警惕潜在的“词频陷阱”。因此,在关注高频显性词的同时,需结合批判性话语分析捕捉低频但关键的叙事元素[22]。
研究者首先以词频统计、关键词密度分析为基础,通过计算特定术语或短语的分布频率,快速定位文本中的高显著性内容。例如分析患者访谈中的症状描述时,可能发现“灼烧”一词出现频率显著高于其他疼痛形容词,提示其作为核心表述的存在,完成显性内容的量化映射。在量化结果指引下,为实现对隐性语境的诠释性挖掘,研究者需进一步对高频词所在的叙事片段进行情境化解读,探究其蕴含的深层意义。例如同一词汇“灼烧”在不同患者叙事中可能映射不同的体验维度——肿瘤患者的描述常伴随“蚀骨”的绝望感,而术后疼痛患者则更多关联“周期性发作”的时间焦虑,借助语义网络工具追踪词汇与其他概念的共生关系。
在总结性内容分析法基础上,运用三级归纳法提炼叙事核心要素。首先,将高密度语义单元与其原始叙事上下文进行锚定,通过编码-反编码循环识别要素特征,如基于共现词丛,归纳核心概念;继而对比同一要素在不同情境中的形态差异;最终,筛选各要素最具表征性的患者原生叙述片段,形成统一症状不同严重程度的对应情境,得到基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南脚本。
采用焦点小组形式,招募临床医护人员作为参与者,围绕初步形成的基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南脚本展开探讨。焦点小组成员需结合患者叙事经验与自身临床专业判断,对指南草稿进行初步效度检验,并探讨其可行性,根据最终确定的基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南编制专家咨询表,运用Delphi法开展专家咨询,通过专家的多轮反馈与共识,确保评分指南的有效性、可操作性和文化适应性。咨询内容重点包括对评分维度的评定、行为锚点的设计以及指南在临床实践中的应用可行性。研究者计算专家咨询问卷回收率分析专家积极性;专家权威系数分析专家函询结果的可靠性,专家权威系数=(专家熟悉程度+专家判断依据)/2,专家权威系数≥0.70,表明专家权威性高[23]。协调系数、变异系数反映专家协调程度[24]。变异系数越小,专家意见越趋于一致。协调系数用肯德尔和谐系数表示,肯德尔和谐系数取值范围0~1,数值越大说明协调程度越好[25]。
研究者需确保所有专家能够在此基础上独立表达意见,提供具体的修改建议,随后展开多轮反馈与修订,每轮结束后,研究者将对专家的反馈进行汇总与分析,并将结果匿名反馈给所有参与的专家。研究者需在每轮后对专家的反馈进行细致分析,以确保评分指南的内容具有较高的信度和效度。
参考HealthMeasures为患者报告结局测量信息系统量表结果的T分制定的截断值[3],如患者报告结局测量信息系统,将T分划分为4级:无症状(<55分)、轻度症状(55~59分)、中度症状(60~69分)和重度症状(≥70分),制定与T分范围逐级对应的叙事场景,并以标准化的行为描述框架构建每级对应故事场景。具体而言,每组场景均通过结构化模板规范症状特征(如躯体反应、功能损害及应对方式)、时间频率(如每日、每周)和心理体验(如主观担忧程度)的表述,以确保故事场景与T分逻辑的一致性[15]。通过反复修订与反馈后,研究者即可确定基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南的最终版本。
采用横断面设计与自我配对设计的混合研究设计,招募符合纳入标准的患者,所招募的患者需在同一时间点完成2项任务:1)基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南叙事场景中选择最符合自身状态的类别;2)独立完成原始患者报告结局测量信息系统简表,其原始评分转换为T分。通过基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南与患者报告结局测量信息系统评分的一致性检验及相关性分析评估患者的主观感受与患者报告结局测量信息系统评分的匹配程度,以帮助制定更贴近实际的评分解释。
为评估患者主观选择的叙事场景与患者报告结局测量信息系统量表T分的分类一致性,采用线性加权Kappa系数作为评估指标。首先,基于临床分类阈值,将患者的原始T分归类为4类(通过比值信度法验证分类正态性,要求标准误<0.05);随后定义线性权重矩阵,以量化相邻类别误判(如“中度焦虑”误识为“轻度焦虑”)与跨级误判(如“重度焦虑”误识为“轻度焦虑”)的相对差异[26]。假设检验基于Z检验构建Kappa值的95%置信区间(CI),若95%CI下限≥0.5则拒绝“无一致性”零假设,检验效力通过Monte Carlo模拟(1 000次重复)估算,统计阈值参考心理测量学标准,Kappa≥0.6视为“临床可接受的一致性”,而Kappa为0.4~<0.6需结合临床意义解释[27]。
为评估患者主观选择的叙事场景等级与其患者报告结局测量信息系统焦虑8a量表实测T分之间的线性关系,采用皮尔逊相关性分析进行相关性检验,用以反映叙事分级在连续T分维度中的分布规律。具体而言,例如脚本中构建4级叙事场景,按照其等级赋予1~4分的有序值,并与对应T分进行双变量相关分析,计算皮尔逊相关系数。相关系数取值范围为-1~1,相关系数的绝对值越接近1,表示相关性越强;其中相关系数≥0.70通常被认为具有较强正相关关系,反映患者对应症状水平的主观识别与客观测量结果在趋势走向上的一致性[28-29]。
为进一步评估2种评估方式在个体水平上的一致性,采用Bland-Altman一致性分析。计算每例患者的“主观选择等级所对应的理论T分”与其“实测T分”之间的差值,并绘制差值与两者均值的散点图。通过分析散点图中的平均差(bias)和95%一致性限界(limits of agreement,LoA),检验2种方法在个体层面的匹配度。若差值大多分布在一致性限界区间内,且平均差接近零,说明新设的叙事场景与患者报告结局测量信息系统量表具有良好一致性;反之,则提示存在系统性偏倚或较大的变异性[30-32]。
本研究基于跨学科整合视角,系统阐释了基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南(基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南)的理论架构与实践路径。采用混合方法学框架融合叙事医学与心理测量学范式,通过分阶段研究设计实现理论转化,在构建阶段,整合定量预评估及质性访谈形成初级工具,经焦点小组讨论、德尔菲法优化与项目反应理论验证三重校验完成指南研发;在验证阶段,建立情境化叙事数据与标准化量值动态映射的双模态评估体系。研究证实基于故事的患者报告结局测量信息系统评分指南解决了传统患者报告结局工具临床解读的语境断裂问题,其“情境嵌入-测量校准”双重机制显著提升决策系统的生态效度与度量敏感性。方法论突破体现在叙事质性分析向心理测量范式的适应性转型,以及项目反应理论建模与叙事要素的三维耦合策略。该工具通过“意义表征-数据溯源”的闭环逻辑,不仅延伸至慢性病动态监测、医患决策协商等多元场景,更为人工智能驱动的患者报告结局工具开发提供新型研究范式。后续研究应着力于推进多中心临床验证及智能解释模型开发,促进患者报告评估体系从量化效能导向转向人本价值整合的范式转型。

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2026年第40卷第7期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.006
  • 接收时间:2025-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15
  • 修回日期:2026-01-05
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    1复旦大学护理学院,上海 200032
    2复旦大学附属肿瘤医院

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袁长蓉,E-mail:
YUAN Changrong, E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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