Article(id=1322168422461452386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=1772899200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159116615, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159116615, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159116615, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159116615, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1100, endPage=1107, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168422671167587, articleId=1322168422461452386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction and feasibility study on non-pharmaceutical intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment(CD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and to evaluate its feasibility.

Methods

Based on a complex intervention design and evaluation framework,the non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was constructed through evidence-based research and stakeholder interviews.Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who sought treatment in the rheumatology and immunology department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing city from February to March 2025 were recruited.The constructed program was used to implement the intervention for the patients and evaluate its feasibility.

Results

The non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus included 5 primary indicators of organizational management,assessment,exercise guidance,vitamin D supplementation,and health education,13 secondary indicators,and 27 tertiary indicators.The on-site recruitment rate was 90.48%.The retention rate was 84.21%.The participation compliance rate was 84.21%.After 3 months of intervention,except for the fact that there was no significant difference in pain between 1 month and 3 months of intervention(P>0.05),there were statistically significant differences in fatigue,pain,vitamin D levels,quality of life,and cognitive function at three time points(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus constructed in this study has good effectiveness and feasibility,and could provide reference for clinical intervention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

, authors=Wenjuan BIAN1, 2, Renju XU1, Yuxuan ZHU1, Yantong ZHU1, Yue ZHANG1, Qiong ZHANG1, Wei WEI1, Xianwen LI2, Yujie CHEN1, authorsList=Wenjuan BIAN, Renju XU, Yuxuan ZHU, Yantong ZHU, Yue ZHANG, Qiong ZHANG, Wei WEI, Xianwen LI, Yujie CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Renju XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XU Renju, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168423019294820, articleId=1322168422461452386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案的构建及可行性研究, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病人认知功能障碍(CD)非药物干预方案并评价其可行性。

方法

基于复杂干预设计及评价框架,通过证据循证和利益相关者访谈构建系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案。招募2025年2月—3月在南京市某三级医院风湿免疫科就诊的系统性红斑狼疮病人,利用构建的方案对病人实施干预并评价其可行性。

结果

构建的系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案包括组织管理、评估、运动指导、维生素D补充、健康教育5项一级指标、13项二级指标、27项三级指标。项目现场招募率为90.48%,留存率为84.21%,依从率为84.21%。干预3个月后,除疼痛评分在干预1个月与3个月差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,疲劳、疼痛、维生素D水平、生活质量、认知功能在2个时间点的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究构建的系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案具有较好的有效性和可行性,可为系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍的临床干预提供参考。

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卞文娟,主管护师,本科

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徐任菊,E-mail:
XU Renju, E-mail:
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K,EDDY S,PECKHAM N,et al.Progression from external pilot to definitive randomised controlled trial:a methodological review of progression criteria reporting[J].BMJ Open,2021,11(6):e048178., articleTitle=Progression from external pilot to definitive randomised controlled trial:a methodological review of progression criteria reporting, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530716009742364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530716022325277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, companyId=1322530716009742364, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu 210008 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530716030713886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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General information of stakeholders(medical staff)(n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄(岁)文化程度角色工作年限(年)
H1女46博士研究生风湿免疫临床医生>20
H2女39博士研究生神经病学专家11~20
H3女40博士研究生康复治疗师11~20
H4女38本科临床护士>20
H5女41本科临床护士11~20
H6女42硕士研究生病区护士长11~20
H7女28硕士研究生护理学硕士研究生4
H8女29硕士研究生护理学硕士研究生5
H9女30硕士研究生在读护理学硕士研究生在读7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530720959021147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

利益相关者医疗人员的一般资料(n=9)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄(岁)文化程度角色工作年限(年)
H1女46博士研究生风湿免疫临床医生>20
H2女39博士研究生神经病学专家11~20
H3女40博士研究生康复治疗师11~20
H4女38本科临床护士>20
H5女41本科临床护士11~20
H6女42硕士研究生病区护士长11~20
H7女28硕士研究生护理学硕士研究生4
H8女29硕士研究生护理学硕士研究生5
H9女30硕士研究生在读护理学硕士研究生在读7
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721038712924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

General information of stakeholders(patients)(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄(岁)文化程度蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分(分)病程(年)
P1女53本科2210
P2女31初中242
P3女38高中2419
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721097433181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

利益相关者病人的一般资料(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄(岁)文化程度蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分(分)病程(年)
P1女53本科2210
P2女31初中242
P3女38高中2419
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721189707870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Non-pharmaceutical intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标三级指标
A 组织管理A-1 组建多学科团队A-1-1 建议组建多学科团队(包括风湿科医生、康复治疗师、风湿科专科护士、神经病学专家、营养师等)对系统性红斑狼疮进行综合管理[11,28]
A-2 干预环境A-2-1 病人住院期间即可开始进行干预,延续至社区或家庭[28]
B 评估B-1 评估时机B-1-1 在病人入院的24~48 h进行首次评估
B-2 评估内容及工具B-2-1 对病人进行全面的综合评估,包括疾病活动度、心肺受累情况、营养状况、维生素D水平、精神心理、病人关节/肌肉/皮肤相关症状(如光过敏、雷诺现象等)[11,13,19-21,23]
B-2-2 认知功能评估:采用MoCA评估病人认知状况,以筛查认知功能障碍病人,评估病人干预方案配合程度[32-33]
B-2-3 疲劳程度:采用疲劳严重程度量表(Fatigue Severity Scale,FSS)评估疲劳程度[28]
B-2-4 运动能力评估:使用国际体力活动量表或每天的步数评估病人身体活动的基线水平[11,19-20]
C 运动指导C-1 运动康复程序C-1-1 运动前热身:低强度有氧运动或静态拉伸训练,如颈部放松运动、扩胸运动、原地踏步,每组2次或3次,每次持续5~10 min[13,21]
C-1-2 运动阶段:循序渐进地进行有氧运动和/或抗阻运动[12-13]
C-1-3 运动间隙中放松:在不同运动项目之间或运动交替时,休息1~3 min[13]
C-1-4 运动后拉伸:以慢节奏有氧运动或柔韧性训练为主,如颈部伸展训练、手臂伸展训练等,持续5~10 min[13]
C-2 运动处方C-2-1 运动方式:有氧运动选择步行、骑行、慢跑、跳舞等方式[21,24,28];抗阻训练利用哑铃、弹力带等阻抗训练器械或自重抗阻对主要肌群进行锻炼,包括卧推、腿部推举、背阔肌下拉、腿部伸展、坐姿划船、深蹲及仰卧起坐等[24,28]
C-2-2 运动强度:按最大心率的计算公式“220-年龄”为标准,初始设定运动强度为最大心率的40%~60%,运动过程中以病人自觉不劳累,或维持Borg自我感知劳累分级量表评分13~14分为宜,如出现头晕、大汗淋漓、极度疲乏、关节疼痛超过24 h,需及时调整运动强度或停止,指导病人严重时及时就医[13,21,28]
C-2-3 运动频次:有氧运动每周进行3~5次,每次30~50 min;抗阻运动每周进行2组或3组,每组练习重复8~12次[12-13,19,21-22,24,28]
C-3 注意事项C-3-1 避免在紫外线指数过高的阳光下运动,可通过室内或遮阳环境进行,如健身房、室内泳池、居家训练或早晚时段的户外荫凉区域,如在户外运动,需做好防晒工作,包括戴帽子、太阳镜、穿长袖衣物等物理屏障,以及使用广谱防晒霜[13,28]
C-3-2 若病人合并雷诺现象,户外运动时建议准备足够的防寒衣物,使用手套或加热设备防止低温[13,28]
C-3-3 建议病人运动时选择柔软、舒适、防滑的鞋子及鞋垫,选择松紧适宜、吸汗透气的衣物,便于动作舒展,避免损伤[28]
C-4 随访支持C-4-1 随访时间:在干预后1、3个月进行随访,了解病人的方案执行情况,并对方案进行调整[12-13,24]
C-4-2 随访方式:病人出院后使用微信反馈,指导病人和家属使用运动手环、运动类APP或运动日记,评估病人的运动依从性
C-4-3 随访内容:收集运动手环、运动类APP或运动日记的数据,询问病人是否出现不适症状,如关节疼痛/肿胀、肌痛/肌无力、光敏感皮疹加重、雷诺现象、尿蛋白增加/水肿等,根据病人情况调整运动方案。此外,针对依从性不佳病人进行督促指导,以保证病人完成干预全程
D 维生素D补充D-1 食物选择D-1-1 推荐系统性红斑狼疮病人食用富含维生素D的食物(如高脂海鱼、动物肝脏、蛋黄)和强化食品(如配方奶粉、维生素A/D强化牛奶等)[15,27]
D-2 补充剂选择D-2-1 建议维生素D水平低于20 ng/mL者口服补充剂,如胆钙化醇,推荐剂量为1 500~2 000 IU/d[14-15]
D-3 注意事项D-3-1 为避免过量摄入维生素D引起中毒,根据病人维生素D水平个性化选择1个月或3个月的随访调整[14-15,27]
E 健康教育E-1 社会支持E-1-1 鼓励系统性红斑狼疮病人及其朋友参与病人的疾病管理,创造良好的社会支持环境[29-30]
E-1-2 建立紧急就医方案,保障病人安全[29-30]
E-2 病人教育E-2-1 健康教育内容:①解释运动的预期益处以及长期坚持运动训练的必要性,加强病人进行运动康复的意愿;②建议超重或肥胖病人选择低升糖指数及低热量饮食;③疾病及认知功能相关知识指导,包括病因、危险因素、症状和体征以及治疗方式等[13,16-19,22-23]
E-2-2 健康教育方式:病人住院期间进行面对面、一对一的健康教育;采用多种形式实施健康教育,如科普讲座、视频播放、微信推送等方式
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721286176863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标二级指标三级指标
A 组织管理A-1 组建多学科团队A-1-1 建议组建多学科团队(包括风湿科医生、康复治疗师、风湿科专科护士、神经病学专家、营养师等)对系统性红斑狼疮进行综合管理[11,28]
A-2 干预环境A-2-1 病人住院期间即可开始进行干预,延续至社区或家庭[28]
B 评估B-1 评估时机B-1-1 在病人入院的24~48 h进行首次评估
B-2 评估内容及工具B-2-1 对病人进行全面的综合评估,包括疾病活动度、心肺受累情况、营养状况、维生素D水平、精神心理、病人关节/肌肉/皮肤相关症状(如光过敏、雷诺现象等)[11,13,19-21,23]
B-2-2 认知功能评估:采用MoCA评估病人认知状况,以筛查认知功能障碍病人,评估病人干预方案配合程度[32-33]
B-2-3 疲劳程度:采用疲劳严重程度量表(Fatigue Severity Scale,FSS)评估疲劳程度[28]
B-2-4 运动能力评估:使用国际体力活动量表或每天的步数评估病人身体活动的基线水平[11,19-20]
C 运动指导C-1 运动康复程序C-1-1 运动前热身:低强度有氧运动或静态拉伸训练,如颈部放松运动、扩胸运动、原地踏步,每组2次或3次,每次持续5~10 min[13,21]
C-1-2 运动阶段:循序渐进地进行有氧运动和/或抗阻运动[12-13]
C-1-3 运动间隙中放松:在不同运动项目之间或运动交替时,休息1~3 min[13]
C-1-4 运动后拉伸:以慢节奏有氧运动或柔韧性训练为主,如颈部伸展训练、手臂伸展训练等,持续5~10 min[13]
C-2 运动处方C-2-1 运动方式:有氧运动选择步行、骑行、慢跑、跳舞等方式[21,24,28];抗阻训练利用哑铃、弹力带等阻抗训练器械或自重抗阻对主要肌群进行锻炼,包括卧推、腿部推举、背阔肌下拉、腿部伸展、坐姿划船、深蹲及仰卧起坐等[24,28]
C-2-2 运动强度:按最大心率的计算公式“220-年龄”为标准,初始设定运动强度为最大心率的40%~60%,运动过程中以病人自觉不劳累,或维持Borg自我感知劳累分级量表评分13~14分为宜,如出现头晕、大汗淋漓、极度疲乏、关节疼痛超过24 h,需及时调整运动强度或停止,指导病人严重时及时就医[13,21,28]
C-2-3 运动频次:有氧运动每周进行3~5次,每次30~50 min;抗阻运动每周进行2组或3组,每组练习重复8~12次[12-13,19,21-22,24,28]
C-3 注意事项C-3-1 避免在紫外线指数过高的阳光下运动,可通过室内或遮阳环境进行,如健身房、室内泳池、居家训练或早晚时段的户外荫凉区域,如在户外运动,需做好防晒工作,包括戴帽子、太阳镜、穿长袖衣物等物理屏障,以及使用广谱防晒霜[13,28]
C-3-2 若病人合并雷诺现象,户外运动时建议准备足够的防寒衣物,使用手套或加热设备防止低温[13,28]
C-3-3 建议病人运动时选择柔软、舒适、防滑的鞋子及鞋垫,选择松紧适宜、吸汗透气的衣物,便于动作舒展,避免损伤[28]
C-4 随访支持C-4-1 随访时间:在干预后1、3个月进行随访,了解病人的方案执行情况,并对方案进行调整[12-13,24]
C-4-2 随访方式:病人出院后使用微信反馈,指导病人和家属使用运动手环、运动类APP或运动日记,评估病人的运动依从性
C-4-3 随访内容:收集运动手环、运动类APP或运动日记的数据,询问病人是否出现不适症状,如关节疼痛/肿胀、肌痛/肌无力、光敏感皮疹加重、雷诺现象、尿蛋白增加/水肿等,根据病人情况调整运动方案。此外,针对依从性不佳病人进行督促指导,以保证病人完成干预全程
D 维生素D补充D-1 食物选择D-1-1 推荐系统性红斑狼疮病人食用富含维生素D的食物(如高脂海鱼、动物肝脏、蛋黄)和强化食品(如配方奶粉、维生素A/D强化牛奶等)[15,27]
D-2 补充剂选择D-2-1 建议维生素D水平低于20 ng/mL者口服补充剂,如胆钙化醇,推荐剂量为1 500~2 000 IU/d[14-15]
D-3 注意事项D-3-1 为避免过量摄入维生素D引起中毒,根据病人维生素D水平个性化选择1个月或3个月的随访调整[14-15,27]
E 健康教育E-1 社会支持E-1-1 鼓励系统性红斑狼疮病人及其朋友参与病人的疾病管理,创造良好的社会支持环境[29-30]
E-1-2 建立紧急就医方案,保障病人安全[29-30]
E-2 病人教育E-2-1 健康教育内容:①解释运动的预期益处以及长期坚持运动训练的必要性,加强病人进行运动康复的意愿;②建议超重或肥胖病人选择低升糖指数及低热量饮食;③疾病及认知功能相关知识指导,包括病因、危险因素、症状和体征以及治疗方式等[13,16-19,22-23]
E-2-2 健康教育方式:病人住院期间进行面对面、一对一的健康教育;采用多种形式实施健康教育,如科普讲座、视频播放、微信推送等方式
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721370062944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Acceptance of the intervention program by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数百分比(%)
干预方案目标的明确性1381.25
干预内容容易理解1593.75
病人对干预的兴趣1487.50
干预方案的有效性1381.25
满足病人需要1593.75
对干预满意度16100.00
愿意继续接受干预16100.00
愿意向他人推荐该项目1381.25
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721432977505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

系统性红斑狼疮病人对干预方案的接受度(n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数百分比(%)
干预方案目标的明确性1381.25
干预内容容易理解1593.75
病人对干预的兴趣1487.50
干预方案的有效性1381.25
满足病人需要1593.75
对干预满意度16100.00
愿意继续接受干预16100.00
愿意向他人推荐该项目1381.25
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721500086370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Potential effectiveness analysis results of intervention for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(x±s,n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目T0T1T2
NRS得分(分)0.56±0.890.19±0.400.06±0.25
FSS得分(分)37.50±13.8731.38±10.6828.94±9.60
维生素D(ng/mL)16.08±10.5720.89±11.7227.31±8.69
Lupus-QoL得分(分)57.90±11.5163.01±11.3475.09±10.39
MoCA量表得分(分)23.75±0.9324.88±0.8926.69±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721563000931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

系统性红斑狼疮病人干预潜在有效性分析结果(x±s,n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目T0T1T2
NRS得分(分)0.56±0.890.19±0.400.06±0.25
FSS得分(分)37.50±13.8731.38±10.6828.94±9.60
维生素D(ng/mL)16.08±10.5720.89±11.7227.31±8.69
Lupus-QoL得分(分)57.90±11.5163.01±11.3475.09±10.39
MoCA量表得分(分)23.75±0.9324.88±0.8926.69±0.79
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721630109796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Intra group comparison of potential effectiveness analysis of interventions at different time points in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目时间均数标准差标准误效应量(Hedges'g)P差值的95%CI
下限上限
NRS得分T0-T10.3750.6190.1550.5750.0290.0450.705
T0-T20.5000.8160.2040.5810.0270.0650.935
T1-T20.1250.3420.0850.3470.164-0.0570.307
FSS得分T0-T16.1254.6171.1541.259<0.0013.6658.585
T0-T28.5636.3661.5921.276<0.0015.17011.955
T1-T22.4384.1791.0450.5540.0340.2114.664
维生素DT0-T1-3.91011.5303.330-0.3150.265-11.2403.410
T0-T2-5.8606.4602.150-0.9130.026-10.830-0.890
T1-T2-10.41010.6702.960-0.8180.004-16.870-3.960
Lupus-QoL得分T0-T1-5.1007.6101.902-0.6530.017-9.156-1.046
T0-T2-17.1908.5502.137-1.950<0.001-21.743-12.631
T1-T2-12.0904.4801.119-2.619<0.001-14.471-9.701
MoCA量表得分T0-T1-1.1250.9570.239-1.115<0.001-1.635-0.615
T0-T2-2.9380.7720.193-3.611<0.001-3.349-2.526
T1-T2-1.8130.9810.245-1.753<0.001-2.335-1.290
), ArticleFig(id=1322530721722384485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168422461452386, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

系统性红斑狼疮病人不同时点干预潜在有效性分析的组内比较(n=16)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目时间均数标准差标准误效应量(Hedges'g)P差值的95%CI
下限上限
NRS得分T0-T10.3750.6190.1550.5750.0290.0450.705
T0-T20.5000.8160.2040.5810.0270.0650.935
T1-T20.1250.3420.0850.3470.164-0.0570.307
FSS得分T0-T16.1254.6171.1541.259<0.0013.6658.585
T0-T28.5636.3661.5921.276<0.0015.17011.955
T1-T22.4384.1791.0450.5540.0340.2114.664
维生素DT0-T1-3.91011.5303.330-0.3150.265-11.2403.410
T0-T2-5.8606.4602.150-0.9130.026-10.830-0.890
T1-T2-10.41010.6702.960-0.8180.004-16.870-3.960
Lupus-QoL得分T0-T1-5.1007.6101.902-0.6530.017-9.156-1.046
T0-T2-17.1908.5502.137-1.950<0.001-21.743-12.631
T1-T2-12.0904.4801.119-2.619<0.001-14.471-9.701
MoCA量表得分T0-T1-1.1250.9570.239-1.115<0.001-1.635-0.615
T0-T2-2.9380.7720.193-3.611<0.001-3.349-2.526
T1-T2-1.8130.9810.245-1.753<0.001-2.335-1.290
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系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案的构建及可行性研究
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卞文娟 1, 2 , 徐任菊 1, *, * , 朱昱璇 1 , 朱延通 1 , 张月 1 , 张琼 1 , 魏薇 1 , 李现文 2 , 陈玉洁 1
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(7): 1100-1107
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (7) : 1100 -1107
系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案的构建及可行性研究
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卞文娟1, 2, 徐任菊1, *, * , 朱昱璇1, 朱延通1, 张月1, 张琼1, 魏薇1, 李现文2, 陈玉洁1
作者信息
  • 1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏 210008
  • 2南京医科大学护理学院
通讯作者:
徐任菊,E-mail:
XU Renju, E-mail:
作者简介:

卞文娟,主管护师,本科

Construction and feasibility study on non-pharmaceutical intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Wenjuan BIAN1, 2, Renju XU1 , Yuxuan ZHU1, Yantong ZHU1, Yue ZHANG1, Qiong ZHANG1, Wei WEI1, Xianwen LI2, Yujie CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu 210008 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University
  • Corresponding Author:
    XU Renju, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.005
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目的

构建系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)病人认知功能障碍(CD)非药物干预方案并评价其可行性。

方法

基于复杂干预设计及评价框架,通过证据循证和利益相关者访谈构建系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案。招募2025年2月—3月在南京市某三级医院风湿免疫科就诊的系统性红斑狼疮病人,利用构建的方案对病人实施干预并评价其可行性。

结果

构建的系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案包括组织管理、评估、运动指导、维生素D补充、健康教育5项一级指标、13项二级指标、27项三级指标。项目现场招募率为90.48%,留存率为84.21%,依从率为84.21%。干预3个月后,除疼痛评分在干预1个月与3个月差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,疲劳、疼痛、维生素D水平、生活质量、认知功能在2个时间点的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

本研究构建的系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案具有较好的有效性和可行性,可为系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍的临床干预提供参考。

系统性红斑狼疮  /  认知功能障碍  /  非药物干预  /  方案构建  /  可行性研究
Objective

To construct a non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment(CD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and to evaluate its feasibility.

Methods

Based on a complex intervention design and evaluation framework,the non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was constructed through evidence-based research and stakeholder interviews.Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who sought treatment in the rheumatology and immunology department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing city from February to March 2025 were recruited.The constructed program was used to implement the intervention for the patients and evaluate its feasibility.

Results

The non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus included 5 primary indicators of organizational management,assessment,exercise guidance,vitamin D supplementation,and health education,13 secondary indicators,and 27 tertiary indicators.The on-site recruitment rate was 90.48%.The retention rate was 84.21%.The participation compliance rate was 84.21%.After 3 months of intervention,except for the fact that there was no significant difference in pain between 1 month and 3 months of intervention(P>0.05),there were statistically significant differences in fatigue,pain,vitamin D levels,quality of life,and cognitive function at three time points(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The non-pharmacological intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus constructed in this study has good effectiveness and feasibility,and could provide reference for clinical intervention of cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

systemic lupus erythematosus  /  cognitive dysfunction  /  non-pharmaceutical intervention  /  scheme construction  /  feasibility study
卞文娟, 徐任菊, 朱昱璇, 朱延通, 张月, 张琼, 魏薇, 李现文, 陈玉洁. 系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案的构建及可行性研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1100 -1107 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.005
Wenjuan BIAN, Renju XU, Yuxuan ZHU, Yantong ZHU, Yue ZHANG, Qiong ZHANG, Wei WEI, Xianwen LI, Yujie CHEN. Construction and feasibility study on non-pharmaceutical intervention program for cognitive dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1100 -1107 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.005
系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)是好发于15~40岁育龄期女性的自身免疫性疾病,以累及多脏器、产生多种自身抗体和免疫复合物为特征[1]。2018年,一项涵盖2 463例系统性红斑狼疮病人的Meta分析结果显示,系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍(cognitive dysfunction,CD)患病率为38%[2],认知功能障碍与疲劳和关节疼痛被认为是影响系统性红斑狼疮病人生活质量的首要症状[3]。系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍可表现为轻度认知受损至重度的痴呆,主要包括整体认知下降、注意力下降、记忆受损和执行功能障碍[4]。系统性红斑狼疮病人需终身服药,若不能有效地预防及干预认知功能障碍,易导致病人对于服药时间、方式及剂量存在记忆偏差,进而导致药物使用不合理,不利于疾病控制,同时影响病人的自我概念及沟通能力[5],导致高失业率[6]。非药物干预可在不进行额外药物治疗的情况下最大限度地提高潜在获益[7]。认知功能障碍是可干预、可逆转的状态,及时对可控危险因素加以干预被认为是经济、有效的延缓及逆转认知功能障碍发生、发展的方式。目前,尚未检索到系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍的非药物干预共识指南,鉴于系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍的发病机制复杂,其干预策略应针对可控危险因素进行综合性实施[7-8]。本研究拟在课题组前期研究的基础上,依据可控危险因素构建系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案并验证其可行性,以期为系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预提供参考。
本研究以2021年英国医学研究理事会(Medical Research Council,MRC)制定的复杂干预设计及评价框架[9]为参考。
首先成立研究小组,小组成员包括1名护理学博士研究生导师、1名风湿免疫科临床医生、1名神经病学专家、1名康复师、2名护理学研究生及1名护理学在读研究生。本研究已通过南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院医学伦理委员会伦理审查(编号:2025-0185-02)。
本团队前期纳入283例系统性红斑狼疮病人构建发生认知功能障碍的风险预测模型,通过LASSO回归分析从31个临床变量中确定8个临床特征变量,用于评估认知功能障碍发生的风险,包括疲劳、维生素D缺乏、年龄增长、C反应蛋白升高、受教育程度低、抗P抗体阳性、抗dsDNA抗体阴性以及疼痛[10]。本研究认为逆转系统性红斑狼疮病人发生认知功能障碍的靶点为疲劳、维生素D缺乏以及疼痛。
按照“6S”证据模型及迭代过程,依次检索相关指南网站、数据库及专业协会网站,包括UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、美国国立指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会官网、苏格兰院际间指南网络、国际指南协作组官网、英国国家临床优化研究所官网、Cochrane Library、PubMed、EBSCO、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、中国医脉通指南网、中华护理学会官网、欧洲抗风湿病联盟官网、美国风湿病学会官网、英国风湿病学会官网。检索文献涉及的干预措施为预防及改善系统性红斑狼疮病人疲劳、维生素D、疼痛的相关措施。检索时间为建库至2024年12月。由2名经过循证培训的研究人员独立对文献进行甄别,当意见不统一时,与第3名研究者讨论决定是否纳入。首次检索获得相关文献4 581篇,除去重复文献后剩余文献485篇,阅读标题和摘要后剩余42篇文献,进一步阅读全文、进行质量评价及讨论后最终纳入文献20篇[11-30],包括指南2篇[11-12]、专家共识3篇[13-15]、系统评价15篇[16-30]。采用内容分析法,提取20篇文献中的干预措施,形成初步的方案草稿。
利益相关者的早期参与可以更好地理解特定主题的背景和历史,包括科学不确定性的领域以及实施过程中的“盲点”情况,这些问题将影响研究具体内容或结果报告方式[31]。本研究纳入具代表性的利益相关者,包括相关领域的专家、干预方案制定者、干预实施者及被干预者,通过讨论或询问意见进行方案修订,共纳入9名医疗人员利益相关者(编号H1~H9)和3例病人利益相关者(编号P1~P3),利益相关者一般资料详见表1、表2。
包括干预内容是否科学、可行且对研究对象无害?对干预方案修改建议有哪些?
医疗人员建议:1)运动强度依据病人心率及主观感受进行评估,建议采用更为准确的评估量表测评;2)病人出院后干预依从性的监测方法需再细化,提高方案的可操作性和科学性;3)病人在运动过程中出现的不适症状描述较笼统,建议列出病人可能出现的具体症状,使方案更具专科特色。
病人建议:1)较长时间或较复杂的健康教育对于病人而言难以消化,建议按不同教育重点分次进行;2)维生素D随访时间可根据病人基线水平动态选择;3)运动干预方式中未提及居家替代方案,运动具体方式未进行详细描述,易造成运动过程不规范。
依据证据提取内容及利益相关者建议形成包括一级指标5项、二级指标13项、三级指标27项的系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案,详见表3。
选取2025年2月—3月在南京市某三级医院风湿免疫科就诊的系统性红斑狼疮病人为研究对象进行招募。根据国内外学者可行性研究结果,样本量在10例左右可初步判断干预方案的可行性[34-35]。纳入标准:1)符合2019年欧洲抗风湿病联盟/美国风湿病学会制定的系统性红斑狼疮诊断标准;2)受教育年限>6年,能够配合相关量表测评;3)年龄≥16岁;4)同意参加本研究,并签署知情同意书;5)MoCA评分<26分,未发生痴呆。排除标准:1)存在感染、电解质紊乱、代谢异常等原因引起的中枢神经系统症状;2)有系统性红斑狼疮合并脏器损害;3)初发系统性红斑狼疮;4)有影响步态的疾病,如严重的骨关节炎、既往脑卒中史等。
病人入院时(T0)向病人说明研究目的及内容,并进行干预前评估,使用系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案对病人实施干预,并在干预后1个月(T1)及3个月(T2)再次进行问卷评估及随访。
同意参加研究的病例数占总招募病例数的百分比。
完成干预的病例数占干预前基线测量病例数的百分比。
实际完成干预方案病例数占被要求完成该干预方案病例数的百分比,每周达运动目标时间的80%为高依从性。
通过访谈,评价干预时间、内容、频率、强度等是否在合理范围内。
以干预者角度对干预过程中遇到的问题进行自我反思。
根据既往文献报道的相关指标自行编制干预方案的可接受度量表,初步形成包括8个条目(干预方案目标的明确性、干预内容容易理解、病人对干预的兴趣、干预方案的有效性、满足病人需要、对干预满意度、愿意继续接受干预、愿意向他人推荐该项目)的量表,各条目采用Likert 4级评分法,分为非常不同意、不同意、同意、非常同意。可接受度为所有“同意”和“非常同意”的病例数。
采用MoCA评估系统性红斑狼疮病人的认知功能,该量表总分为0~30分,如果被评估者接受教育的年限≤12年,则在评估得分的基础上加1分,最终评分≥26分属于认知功能正常,<26分则认为被评估者伴随认知功能损害。既往多项研究已验证了MoCA评估系统性红斑狼疮病人认知障碍的可行性[32-33]。
采用FSS评估病人的疲劳程度。FSS常用于测量成年系统性红斑狼疮病人的疲劳程度,其由9个问题组成,各问题按照Likert 7级评分法计分,总分≥36分表明受试者有明显的疲劳[36]。
采用数字等级评分法(Numerical Rating Scale, NRS)评估系统性红斑狼疮病人的疼痛程度。NRS由0~10共11个数字组成,由病人自行选择,自评疼痛强度,0分表示“无痛”,1~3分表示“轻度疼痛”,4~6分表示“中度疼痛”,7~10分表示“重度疼痛”[37]。
采用狼疮生活质量量表(Lupus Quality of Life,Lupus-QoL)评估系统性红斑狼疮病人的生活质量。Lupus-QoL是目前全球应用广泛的系统性红斑狼疮病人特异性生活质量评估工具,该量表涵盖8个维度,用于评估过去1个月内疾病对病人生活的影响[38]。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两个时间点数据比较采用配对样本t检验,效应量采用Hedges'g进行标准化,以校正小样本偏差。检验水准α=0.05。
项目现场共招募21例发生认知功能障碍的系统性红斑狼疮病人,19例病人自愿参与本研究,干预过程中有3例病人退出研究,原因为个人时间安排或健康状况不佳。最终16例病人参加并完成全部干预。招募率为90.48%(19/21),留存率为84.21%(16/19),依从率为84.21%(16/19)。16例系统性红斑狼疮病人年龄(29.75±10.21)岁;病程(76.62±69.14)个月;男2例,女14例。
16例系统性红斑狼疮病人对本干预方案满意度及愿意继续接受干预率为100.00%,其余各项指标均高于80.00%,详见表4。
对病人干预效果进行分析,结果显示,除疼痛(T1-T2)和维生素D(T0-T1)在部分时点差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其余指标均有改善(P<0.05)。其中认知功能改善最显著(T0-T2:Hedges'g=-3.611,P<0.001),生活质量(T0-T2:Hedges'g=-1.950,P<0.001)呈现大效应量改善。此外,维生素D水平在干预3个月时较干预前显著上升(T0-T2:Hedges'g=-0.913,P=0.026),但干预1个月时变化不显著(P=0.265)。疼痛症状在干预初期即显著缓解(T0-T1:Hedges'g=0.575,P=0.029),但1~3个月间未进一步改善(P=0.164)。详见表5、表6。
整个干预期间招募过程较为顺利,干预过程中未因为本干预方案对病人产生不良反应及过多负担。此外,干预者对整个干预过程进行反思:1)通过与病人沟通交流,发现病人相关知识匮乏,更倾向于相信药物治疗的有效性,而对非药物干预持怀疑态度,需加强教育及指导;2)干预过程中可建立匿名病友群,分享运动打卡和饮食记录,同伴的促进作用可增强持续干预的动力;3)医疗保健人员的专业支持也是促进因素之一,给予病人正向的反馈,让病人获得成就感,从而提高依从性。
英国医学研究理事会制定的复杂干预设计及评价框架强调,建议根据实际情况量身定制干预方案而不是标准化实施,综合性的干预措施效果最好[39]。本研究初步构建了系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案,该方案涵盖了组织管理、评估、运动指导、维生素D补充、健康教育5个维度。现有的认知功能障碍干预方案大多集中于生活方式改善或单一认知训练领域,尽管在一定程度上显示了积极效果,但缺乏针对性关键指标(如影响系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍的影响因素)的综合性整合方案。结合课题组前期研究成果,在构建干预方案前首先明确了构成或影响认知功能的可控危险因素,包括疲劳、疼痛及维生素D水平,确定了干预的优先领域与策略方向,使干预方案更具针对性。此外,本研究构建的干预方案有相关理论和循证依据,同时挖掘利益相关者的实际需求与期待,为干预方案的科学性及个性化设计奠定了实践基础。
干预开发是迭代式、非线性的动态优化过程,其核心在于通过设计—实施—评估—优化的循环过程,不断完善干预方案[40-41]。在干预正式实施前,进行方案可行性研究对于决定能否以及如何设计严格的方案内容至关重要[42]。本研究的小范围人群试验对干预方案的可行性进行了综合评估,以探讨干预在临床实践中是否有效。项目现场招募率为90.48%,留存率为84.21%,说明病人对本研究干预方案具有较高的兴趣及需求。依从性是评价干预方案有效性的重要指标,本研究依从率为84.21%,少数未能完全遵循干预计划的病人,查明原因是个人时间安排或健康状况不佳。此外,本研究对病人不同时点的干预潜在有效性分析发现,除疼痛及维生素D水平在部分时间点差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余疲劳、疼痛、维生素D、生活质量、认知功能总分在3个时间点差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示非药物干预措施对改善系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能、生活质量和疲劳症状具有一定效果,但对疼痛的持续改善作用及维生素D的早期干预效果有限,表明构建的非药物干预方案具有潜在有效性,可为后续干预方案的正式实施起到探索性作用。
在英国医学研究理事会制定的复杂干预设计及评价框架的指导下,基于扎实的理论背景和循证证据,同时纳入利益相关者积极参与干预程序的开发和修订,初步构建系统性红斑狼疮病人认知功能障碍非药物干预方案,干预开发过程确保了方案具有研究依据,理论上实际可行。在可行性客观指标、干预潜在有效性及干预者的自我反思3个方面再次对方案进行评价,总体认为方案可接受且可行,为下一步方案评价及正式实施提供了科学依据,未来应进一步优化和验证,为改善系统性红斑狼疮认知功能障碍病人提供更加科学和有效的护理干预模式。尽管非药物干预方案在理论和实践上都有创新,但本研究仅进行了自身前后对照设计,未设立对照组,可能会造成研究结果的偏倚,下一步需设立对照组,扩大样本量及样本选取范围,延长随访时间以验证方案的可行性。

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2026年第40卷第7期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.005
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 修回日期:2026-03-08
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    1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏 210008
    2南京医科大学护理学院

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徐任菊,E-mail:
XU Renju, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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