Article(id=1322168382380684097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168262247432815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744041600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-08, revisedDate=1767456000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159107059, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159107059, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159107059, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159107059, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168262247432815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='705', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159078418, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159078418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=868, endPage=874, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168382758171459, articleId=1322168382380684097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on prevention and management of skin tears in domestic and foreign elderly care institutions, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This review summarized the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of skin tears(ST) among the elderly in care institutions,collated prevention and management strategies for skin tears from various countries,highlighted the research gaps in this area within Chinese elderly care institutions.And it aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for developing a localized risk assessment and prevention management system.

, authors=Qingli JIANG, Mei HE, Fang HE, Huilin HE, authorsList=Qingli JIANG, Mei HE, Fang HE, Huilin HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mei HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HE Mei, E-mail:
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综述养老机构老年人皮肤撕裂伤(skin tears,ST)的流行病学特征和危险因素,汇总各国皮肤撕裂伤预防管理策略,揭示我国养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的研究缺口,为构建本土化风险评估及预防管理体系提供理论和实践指导。

, authors=蒋庆丽, 何梅*, *, 何芳, 何慧琳, authorsList=蒋庆丽, 何梅, 何芳, 何慧琳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何梅, authorNote=

蒋庆丽,主管护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
何梅,E-mail:
HE Mei, E-mail:
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国内外养老机构皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理研究进展
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蒋庆丽 , 何梅 *, * , 何芳 , 何慧琳
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(5): 868-874
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (5) : 868 -874
国内外养老机构皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理研究进展
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蒋庆丽, 何梅*, * , 何芳, 何慧琳
作者信息
  • 1电子科技大学医学院附属绵阳医院/绵阳市中心医院,四川 621000
通讯作者:
何梅,E-mail:
HE Mei, E-mail:
作者简介:

蒋庆丽,主管护师,硕士研究生

Research progress on prevention and management of skin tears in domestic and foreign elderly care institutions
Qingli JIANG, Mei HE , Fang HE, Huilin HE
Affiliations
  • 1Mianyang Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China/Mianyang Central Hospital, Sichuan 621000 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HE Mei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.024
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综述养老机构老年人皮肤撕裂伤(skin tears,ST)的流行病学特征和危险因素,汇总各国皮肤撕裂伤预防管理策略,揭示我国养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的研究缺口,为构建本土化风险评估及预防管理体系提供理论和实践指导。

养老机构  /  老年人  /  皮肤撕裂伤  /  预防  /  管理  /  综述

This review summarized the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of skin tears(ST) among the elderly in care institutions,collated prevention and management strategies for skin tears from various countries,highlighted the research gaps in this area within Chinese elderly care institutions.And it aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for developing a localized risk assessment and prevention management system.

elderly care institutions  /  elderly  /  skin tears  /  prevention  /  management  /  review
蒋庆丽, 何梅, 何芳, 何慧琳. 国内外养老机构皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (5) : 868 -874 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.024
Qingli JIANG, Mei HE, Fang HE, Huilin HE. Research progress on prevention and management of skin tears in domestic and foreign elderly care institutions[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (5) : 868 -874 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.024
随着全球人口老龄化进程的加速,老年人健康问题日益成为社会关注的焦点。皮肤撕裂伤(skin tears,ST)作为一种常见的老年皮肤损伤类型[1],是由机械外力(如移除黏性敷料)引起的创伤性伤口,其严重程度因伤口深度而异,通常不延伸至皮下层[2]。一项Meta分析显示,全球老年人群中皮肤撕裂伤的患病率为6.0%[95%CI(3.0%,11.0%)],而在养老机构中这一比例高达11.0%[95%CI(5.0%,19.0%)][3]。目前,由于人口老龄化加剧和家庭养老压力激增,高龄、多病共存、长期卧床或存在认知障碍的老年人更倾向于选择机构养老,从而导致养老机构中皮肤撕裂伤患病率增高[4-5]。皮肤撕裂伤不仅导致疼痛、皮肤完整性受损及生活质量下降,还可能增加经济负担,并对养老机构的护理质量产生负面影响[6]。特别是下肢发生皮肤撕裂伤且多病共存的老年人,若未能及时识别和有效管理,可能发展为慢性创面,甚至引发感染,危及生命安全[7]。因此,皮肤撕裂伤已成为影响老年人健康的重要问题,对养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的预防及管理提出要求。
国外学者早在1993年已经对皮肤撕裂伤进行定义[8],但直至2011年国际皮肤撕裂伤专家咨询组(International Skin Tear Advisory Panel,ISTAP)才正式成立,期望系统应对这一问题[9]。经过7年的临床循证,国际皮肤撕裂伤专家咨询组于2018年首次发布《老年人皮肤撕裂伤预防与管理最佳实践指南》[2],而我国则于2023年首次发布相关专家共识[10]。指南和共识明确了皮肤撕裂伤的概念、分级及危险因素,并强调早期风险识别与干预是降低皮肤撕裂伤发病率的关键。迄今为止,国外皮肤撕裂伤研究涵盖面较广,涉及各种护理环境,包括社区家庭、医疗机构和长期护理机构等;而我国皮肤撕裂伤研究多集中于医疗机构,对养老机构关注相对不足。我国养老机构在照护条件、管理水平及护理人员专业能力等方面存在局限性,皮肤撕裂伤更易被忽视或误诊[4,11],这使得养老机构中皮肤撕裂伤的预防与管理问题尤为突出。现综述养老机构中皮肤撕裂伤的流行病学特征、危险因素及预防管理现状,并借鉴国外的经验,提升我国养老机构对皮肤撕裂伤的重视程度,改善其预防及管理水平,为降低养老机构皮肤撕裂伤发生率、改善老年群体生活质量提供参考。
流行病学研究显示,养老机构老年人群皮肤撕裂伤患病率存在显著地域差异。Yang等[3]的系统评价证实了这一结论。发达国家中,美洲地区养老机构皮肤撕裂伤患病率最高(9%~22%)[12-15],亚洲次之(3.8%~13.5%)[1,16-19],欧洲相对较低(3.0%~10.5%)[20-23]。发展中国家相关研究较为匮乏,现有数据显示巴西养老机构皮肤撕裂伤患病率为11.6%[24]。我国研究结果差异显著,蒋琪霞等[25]调查显示养老院皮肤撕裂伤现患率为0,而尤炎丽等[26]的研究结果显示皮肤撕裂伤现患率则高达9.3%。这种异质性结果可能与研究方法、样本选择及受调查者的识别能力有关。未来需加强发展中国家皮肤撕裂伤专业知识和技能的普及,建立统一的流行病学诊断标准,从而获得具有可比性的调查结果,为制定针对性防控策略提供依据。
目前,皮肤撕裂伤分类主要采用皮肤撕裂伤审计研究分类系统(Skin Tear Audit Research Classification System,STAR)和国际皮肤撕裂咨询小组分类系统(International Skin Tear Advisory Panel,ISTAP)[27]。STAR系统依据皮肤损伤面积及组织缺损形态,将皮肤撕裂伤分为3级2个亚类。日本相关研究显示,养老机构皮肤撕裂伤以1a类和1b类为主[20-22],而巴西相关研究则以3类多见[24],这种差异可能与地域特征、环境因素及护理人员对分类系统的理解偏倚有关。ISTAP系统根据皮肤撕裂伤严重程度分为3级,因其简便易操作,被国内外指南广泛推荐[2,10]。研究显示,各国应用ISTAP系统调查的养老机构皮肤撕裂伤发生情况结果较一致,均以1级(无线性皮肤缺失,皮瓣可重新覆盖创面)为主[1,13]。因此,建议加强ISTAP系统在养老机构的推广应用,规范皮肤撕裂伤评估及分级管理,为优化防护策略提供依据。
研究表明,养老机构皮肤撕裂伤主要致伤原因包括钝性创伤、日常生活活动相关创伤及跌倒[12-13],这与医疗机构皮肤撕裂伤致伤原因存在差异。我国相关研究显示,移除黏性敷料是住院老年人皮肤撕裂伤的主要致伤原因之一[25],这种差异反映了机构属性的不同。养老机构皮肤撕裂伤发生部位高度集中于四肢,尤其是前臂和小腿[1,12-14,18,21-22,24,28],与医疗机构调查结果[25,29]一致。此外,研究还显示,养老机构皮肤撕裂伤致伤原因不明占比高达48%[28],可能与老年人的典型生理特征有关。如老年人过于干燥皮肤对外界环境的适应性降低,更易发生意外创伤;老年人的皮肤脆弱或皮肤屏障功能降低,更容易由微小创伤发展为较严重的皮肤损伤;老年人常罹患1种或多种慢性病,可能直接导致皮肤的耐受能力恶化,出现皮肤损伤等。由此提示:在制定养老机构皮肤撕裂伤防护策略时,应重点关注皮肤护理,特别是四肢保护,同时考虑机构特点,制定针对性预防措施。
高龄是养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的危险因素[30]。研究表明,随着年龄增长,皮肤撕裂伤的发生风险呈上升趋势[1,18]。Woo等[14]进一步研究显示,年龄每增加1岁,皮肤撕裂伤发生风险增加1.18倍[95%CI(1.14,1.22)]。因此,《老年病人皮肤撕裂伤防护专家共识》已经将80岁及以上老年人列为皮肤撕裂伤高风险人群[10]。此外,老年人皮肤撕裂伤发生还存在性别差异,女性皮肤撕裂伤发生率仅为男性的0.44倍[95%CI(0.27,0.71)][14,31]。提示在制定皮肤撕裂伤防护策略时,应重点关注高龄及男性老年人群。
老年人皮肤特征性改变是皮肤撕裂伤的重要危险因素。表皮菲薄、褶皱与干燥增强了皮肤易感性,削弱了皮肤屏障功能,皮肤微循环易导致瘀斑与老年性紫癜,从而增加皮肤撕裂伤发生风险[32]。研究表明,皮肤撕裂伤与经表皮失水率增高、皮肤角质层含水量降低、真皮厚度<0.8 mm、瘀斑及血肿等因素密切相关[16,19,24-25,33]。Takeo等[20]将紫癜、瘢痕、挛缩及干燥现象作为重要危险因素开发了皮肤撕裂伤风险评估工具(截断值12分,灵敏度0.86,特异度0.67,为精准识别高危人群提供了依据。此外,光照射导致的皮肤老化亦增加皮肤撕裂伤风险[22]。提示皮肤撕裂伤防护应兼顾室内皮肤护理及户外防晒措施。
感知觉障碍显著增加皮肤撕裂伤风险。感知觉障碍会导致老年人对潜在威胁识别能力下降,从而增加跌倒等创伤事件风险[30,34]。研究显示,在养老机构老年人中存在认知障碍的风险是居家老人的1.57倍[35];在养老机构中痴呆病人皮肤撕裂伤患病率高达41%[36],远高于其他老年群体[37]。此外,认知障碍导致情绪与行为失控,攻击性行为增多,增加创伤风险,皮肤撕裂伤发生风险随之增加[33]。建议养老机构定期评估老年人感知觉功能,制定个性化防护措施。
活动能力受限与皮肤撕裂伤发生密切相关[13,30]。活动能力受限导致老年人生活自理能力下降,被动接受护理过程中剪切、摩擦或撞击等钝性创伤的风险增加,进而增加皮肤撕裂伤的发生风险[1,18,33]。研究显示,在活动能力受限的老年人中,80.7%的皮肤撕裂伤发生在护理操作频繁时段(07:00~23:00)[12]。据国务院社会发展研究中心报道,预计我国养老机构失能老年人数量将持续增长,从2020年的456.4万人增至2030年的695万人[38]。提示应加强老年人活动能力评估,规范护理操作,减少机械性损伤。
慢性病是皮肤撕裂伤的危险因素,已逐渐被广大学者认可。养老机构老年人慢性病患病率达73.80%,其中46.70%为多病共存[39]。慢性病影响血液供应及皮肤强度,还可能引发感知觉障碍与活动能力下降,成为皮肤撕裂伤的关键危险因素[33]。此外,养老机构老年人多重用药占比达59.32%[40]。长期服用类固醇类激素类药物会降低皮肤抗拉强度[18],使用抗凝剂则增加瘀斑发生风险[13],多重用药易致衰弱、增加跌倒等意外伤害风险,进而增加皮肤撕裂伤的发生风险[30]。建议通过优化药物治疗、强化跌倒防护及皮肤护理等措施降低皮肤撕裂伤发生风险。
营养不良是皮肤撕裂伤的重要风险因素。Soh等[41]研究表明,体质指数是皮肤撕裂伤的独立预测因子,体质指数越低,皮肤撕裂伤发生风险越高。Munro等[42]证实,系统性营养不良评估与皮肤撕裂伤及多发性皮肤撕裂伤发生率有相关性。从病理生理机制来看,低蛋白血症(白蛋白<40 g/L)和贫血(血红蛋白<110 g/L)可导致皮肤组织水肿及携氧能力下降,进而引起皮肤粗糙、菲薄等结构性改变,因此,我国《老年病人皮肤撕裂伤防护专家共识》将此类病人明确列为皮肤撕裂伤高风险人群[10]。中国老年医学学会的调查数据显示,养老机构老年人营养不良发生率高达22%[43],提示营养管理在皮肤撕裂伤预防中的重要性。Serra等[44]的范围综述强调,早期识别营养不良有助于预判皮肤脆弱性变化,从而降低皮肤撕裂伤发生风险。然而,现有研究多基于医疗机构数据,缺乏养老机构特异性证据。未来需进一步明确营养指标与养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的关联,探索早期营养评估及个性化营养干预在皮肤撕裂伤中的预防作用。
皮肤撕裂伤既往史是重要危险因素,该观点已得到指南与专家共识的一致认可。研究表明,养老机构老年人若存在皮肤撕裂伤既往史,其再次发生皮肤撕裂伤的风险显著增加[13,18,30]。Tiggelen等[18]调查发现,皮肤撕裂伤病人中28.3%具有皮肤撕裂伤病史。LeBlanc等[33]的研究进一步证实,皮肤撕裂伤病史是预测皮肤撕裂伤发生的关键危险因素。其机制在于:即使皮肤撕裂伤伤口已愈合,损伤区域的皮肤抗张强度仍会持续降低,导致该部位更易受损。因此,应将有皮肤撕裂伤既往史的老年人作为高风险人群重点管理,加强皮肤撕裂伤愈合部位的保护,预防再次损伤。
老年人皮肤结构改变导致其对机械抵抗力下降,不当的护理操作是发生皮肤撕裂伤的重要诱因。研究显示,长期护理机构中因使用医用粘胶导致的皮肤损伤发生率高达15.5%[45],且使用医用粘胶剂与皮肤撕裂伤的发生独立相关[18]。有研究发现,不当的护理操作可增加皮肤撕裂伤发生风险,具体包括:使用冷水和碱性清洁剂而未及时使用润肤剂、穿着短袖衣物、体位转换操作不规范等[7]。值得注意的是,护理人员操作时佩戴首饰或留有长指甲等细节因素也可能导致皮肤撕裂伤发生[7]。养老机构应加强人员规范化培训,建立质量监控体系,以减少护理操作相关皮肤撕裂伤发生。
压力性损伤与皮肤撕裂伤均是养老机构常见的皮肤问题,具有高龄、活动能力受限、营养不足等共同危险因素,两者虽无直接因果关系,但可能存在潜在关联性。然而,现有研究结论尚不统一。Völzer等[1]的多中心研究显示,52.3%的老年人同时存在2种及以上皮肤损伤,但并未发现压力性损伤与皮肤撕裂伤的直接相关性。Sanada等[21]针对长期护理机构老年人的队列研究发现,其Braden总分增长6分(意味着压力性损伤风险降低),皮肤撕裂伤的发生风险降低(OR=0.10)。Woo等[14]的前瞻性研究进一步证实,Braden评分6~7分是皮肤撕裂伤发生的独立预测因子(OR=1.24)。未来还需进一步探讨两者关系,完善皮肤撕裂伤风险评估体系,建立压力性损伤与皮肤撕裂伤的联合预警风险模型。
基于ISTAP发布的《老年人皮肤撕裂伤预防和管理最佳实践》,皮肤撕裂伤的预防重点在于对老年人健康状况、活动能力及皮肤状况中的可控风险因素实施系统化干预及管理[2]。研究表明,维持皮肤屏障功能的完整性是预防皮肤撕裂伤的关键环节。Carville等[46]在澳大利亚养老机构开展的一项随机对照试验证实,采用每日2次pH值中性、无香料保湿霜的皮肤保护方案,可使皮肤撕裂伤发生率降低47.8%(P<0.05)。Brimelow等[37]的研究进一步验证了润肤剂联合足跟保护器、弹力袜等下肢皮肤保护措施的有效性。在活动能力管理方面。一项前瞻性队列研究表明,针对长期卧床的老年病人,采用免冲洗清洁剂进行床旁擦浴替代传统肥皂水沐浴的干预措施,可显著降低皮肤撕裂伤发生率(P<0.01),同时减少皮肤撕裂伤相关敷料使用量(P<0.01)[47]。在健康状况管理方面,Serra等[44]的范围综述强调,通过早期识别营养不良等系统性风险因素,可有效预判皮肤脆弱性变化,从而降低皮肤撕裂伤的发生风险。基于此,ISTAP从老年人健康状况、活动能力及皮肤状况3个维度构建了皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理框架,为老年人及其照护者提供了具有循证依据的预防建议。这一框架不仅为养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的预防及管理提供了理论指导,也为制定个体化干预策略奠定了科学基础。
皮肤撕裂伤的早期识别与及时干预对预后具有重要影响。根据ISTAP指南,皮肤撕裂伤初期治疗应遵循迅速止血、彻底清洁清创、控制感染、维持湿性平衡或管理渗液、监测伤口边缘状况的原则。敷料选择需兼顾加速愈合与避免皮肤进一步损伤[2]。在敷料选择方面,Edwards等[48]的研究表明,非粘性纤维素-聚酯材料较传统封闭性敷料(透明膜、水胶体、聚氨酯泡沫)可显著缩短皮肤撕裂伤愈合时间。LeBlanc等[49]的一项前瞻性随机对照试验显示,软聚硅酮敷料治疗皮肤撕裂伤较非黏合性吸收性复合敷料愈合快(P<0.001)。Solway等[50]在养老院环境中开展的临床研究证实,微生物纤维素伤口敷料在疼痛管理、使用便捷性和病人满意度方面均表现出显著优势。基于现有证据,养老机构皮肤撕裂伤治疗应避免使用透明敷贴、水胶体、聚氨酯泡沫等黏性敷料及干性纱布,建议根据伤口特征选择具有良好生物相容性、适度保湿性和机械保护性的新型敷料。
循证护理实践在养老机构皮肤撕裂伤管理中展现出显著成效。有研究在老年痴呆护理中心实施了一项为期10个月的系统化皮肤护理计划,结果显示,皮肤撕裂伤发生率从41%降低至13.3%[36,51]。Lopez等[32]在澳大利亚老年护理康复中心开展的整群随机对照试验表明,循证护理方案可将护理员预防皮肤撕裂伤行为的执行率提升至98%,同时将皮肤撕裂伤患病率从10.00%降至0.15%。Jackie等[52]构建皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理项目,开发出标准化护理包和皮肤撕裂伤审计及调查资源包(STAR box)管理框架,纳入了所有皮肤撕裂伤相关的护理服务资源和措施用于防止皮肤撕裂伤发生,现已在英国52所养老机构中推广应用。Völzer等[53]在柏林地区17所养老机构开展的结构化皮肤护理干预研究显示,干预组6个月皮肤撕裂伤累计发生率为19.2%,显著低于常规护理组的27.2%。相比之下,我国皮肤撕裂伤预防与管理研究主要集中于医疗机构。蒋琪霞等[54]构建的皮肤撕裂伤预防方案在医疗机构中取得显著成效,但针对养老机构的循证证据仍显不足。仅黎妙联等[55]在医养结合机构初步开展的四步流程法(评估、清洁、滋润、保护)研究结果显示,该方法可显著降低皮肤撕裂伤发生率,同时降低皮肤撕裂伤严重程度,并提升护理满意度。循证护理实践能够有效促进护理知识向临床转化,提升护理实践的科学性和有效性。未来研究应着重构建适合我国养老机构特点的皮肤撕裂伤循证预防与管理体系,以进一步优化皮肤撕裂伤管理效果。
养老护理员作为养老机构服务的核心力量,其专业素养直接影响皮肤撕裂伤的预防成效[6]。研究表明,护理人员在皮肤撕裂伤预防方面普遍存在知识储备不足和实践能力欠缺等问题[10,56-61]。相较于医疗机构,养老机构在照护条件、专业能力及人员配置等方面面临更为严峻的挑战[62]。调查显示,养老护理员在皮肤撕裂伤预防方面存在明显不足,特别是在皮肤损伤识别、老年人鞋袜选择及使用等方面缺乏专业知识。此外,其在足部检查、嵌甲处理及足部护理沟通等实践技能方面也亟待提升[63]。研究表明,系统化培训能显著提高护理人员对皮肤撕裂伤的识别准确率、预防信心、预防行为的执行率及正确率,降低皮肤撕裂伤的发生率[32,51-52,64-65]。Beechey等[64]在社区居家老年人中实施皮肤撕裂伤循证护理实践科普计划,显著提高了护理人员护理措施的执行率,包括皮肤完整性评估、STAR工具使用、皮肤撕裂伤治疗记录、敷料选择、皮肤撕裂方向标记以及伤口恶化时联系医生或伤口护理顾问等。基于此,ISTAP指南明确提出应将皮肤撕裂伤预防培训纳入养老护理人员的继续教育体系,建议采用理论授课、案例分析、情景模拟相结合的多元化培训模式,并建立培训效果追踪评估机制[63]。未来研究应着重开发符合我国养老机构特点的皮肤撕裂伤预防培训课程体系,并探索培训效果的长期维持策略,以促进养老机构皮肤撕裂伤预防管理水平的持续提升。
2018年,皮肤撕裂伤才被作为皮肤损伤类型被广泛宣教,国内外学者仍然存在认知薄弱的问题。然而,养老机构老年人中发生皮肤撕裂伤极其常见,且容易诱发严重并发症。与医院环境相比,我国在养老机构皮肤撕裂伤领域的研究深度和广度仍显不足。国内外养老机构在皮肤撕裂伤预防与管理实践中,与指南及专家共识要求仍存在显著差距,而我国在该领域的研究基础尤为薄弱,特别是在皮肤撕裂伤流行病学特征、危险因素及预防管理策略制定等方面亟待加强。未来养老机构皮肤撕裂伤的研究中,需深入探讨皮肤撕裂伤的流行病学特征,开发科学、实用的皮肤撕裂伤风险评估工具,为皮肤撕裂伤识别和预防提供理论依据;还需借鉴国外循证护理实践的成功经验,结合我国养老机构的特点,构建本土化的皮肤撕裂伤预防及管理体系,为降低皮肤撕裂伤发生率奠定基础;此外,还需重点加强对养老护理员的系统化培训,提升其对皮肤撕裂伤的认知水平、重视程度、预防护理知识与技能,是提升养老机构的护理质量的关键所在。

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2026年第40卷第5期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.024
  • 接收时间:2025-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08
  • 修回日期:2026-01-04
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    1电子科技大学医学院附属绵阳医院/绵阳市中心医院,四川 621000

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何梅,E-mail:
HE Mei, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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