Article(id=1322168364726858453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168262247432815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744646400000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-15, revisedDate=1768579200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159102850, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159102850, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159102850, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159102850, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168262247432815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='705', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159078418, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159078418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=787, endPage=796, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168364999488214, articleId=1322168364726858453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Summary of best evidence on fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age, columnId=1220689487877821128, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Interdisciplinary Nursing Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To summarize the best available evidence regarding fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age,so as to provide a reference for supporting these patients making decisions.

Methods

The databases and websites including UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Cochrane Library,JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center database,the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),PubMed,Web of Science,and EMbase for evidence related to fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age were systematically searched.The types of evidence sought included clinical decision support tools,guidelines,systematic reviews,evidence summaries,and expert consensus documents.The search period was from the inception of each database to Februry 18,2025.Two researchers with a background in evidence-based nursing independently conducted the literature quality assessment.Evidence meeting quality standards was then extracted and summarized,incorporating input from relevant professionals.

Results

A total of 15 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decision support documents,4 guidelines,3 expert consensuses,2 evidence summaries,and 4 systematic reviews.The summarized best evidence covers four key aspects:the fertility preservation decision-making team,pre-decision assessment,decision-making methods,and decision content,resulting in a total of 30 best evidence statements.

Conclusions

The summarized best evidence provides an evidence-based foundation for clinical healthcare professionals to support fertility preservation decision-making in breast cancer patients of reproductive age.In clinical application,healthcare providers need to respect patients' reproductive intentions,continuously advance the decision-making process,and protect the fertility potential of breast cancer patients as much as possible.

, authors=Siying ZHANG1, 2, Minhui ZHONG2, Xianliang LIU3, Liangjing RUAN1, 2, Xia DUAN2, authorsList=Siying ZHANG, Minhui ZHONG, Xianliang LIU, Liangjing RUAN, Xia DUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xia DUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DUAN Xia, E-mail: bamboo-
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168365725102809, articleId=1322168364726858453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据总结, columnId=1220689488053981904, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=交叉护理学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

总结育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的相关证据,为开展对育龄期乳腺癌病人的相关生育力保护决策提供参考。

方法

系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、Cochrane Library、Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase等网站或数据库中关于育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护的临床决策、指南、系统评价、证据总结和专家共识等证据,检索时限为建库至2025年2月18日,由2名具有循证护理研究背景的研究者独立完成文献的质量评价,并结合专业人士的意见对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取及总结。

结果

共纳入15篇文献,包括2篇临床决策、4篇指南、3篇专家共识、2篇证据总结和4篇系统评价;总结的最佳证据包括决策团队、决策前评估、决策方式和决策内容4个方面,共30条最佳证据。

结论

总结的最佳证据可为临床医护人员开展育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策提供循证依据。在临床应用时,医护人员需要尊重病人生育意愿,不断推进生育力保护决策进程,尽可能保护乳腺癌病人的生育能力。

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张思颖,护士,硕士研究生

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段霞,E-mail:bamboo-
DUAN Xia, E-mail: bamboo-
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address:ASRM@asrm.org.Fertility preservation and reproduction in patients facing gonadotoxic therapies:an ethics committee opinion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125443347232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=QIN N, WAN Z Y, KANG Y, journalName=BMJ Open, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN N,WAN Z Y,KANG Y,et al.Effectiveness and feasibility of online fertility preservation decision aids for young female patients with cancer:a systematic review protocol[J].BMJ Open,2023,13(3):e070294., articleTitle=Effectiveness and feasibility of online fertility preservation decision aids for young female patients with cancer:a systematic review protocol, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125514650401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=26, issue=null, pageStart=31, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZDENKOWSKI N, BUTOW P, TESSON S, journalName=The Breast, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZDENKOWSKI N,BUTOW P,TESSON S,et al.A systematic review of decision aids for patients making a decision about treatment for early breast cancer[J].The Breast,2016,26:31-45., articleTitle=A systematic review of decision aids for patients making a decision about treatment for early breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125585953570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=104, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=GARVELINK M M, KUILE M M TER, LOUWÉ L A, journalName=Human Fertility, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARVELINK M M,KUILE M M TER,LOUWÉ L A,et al.Feasibility and effects of a decision aid about fertility preservation[J].Human Fertility,2017,20(2):104-112., articleTitle=Feasibility and effects of a decision aid about fertility preservation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125657256739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=1726, pageEnd=1734, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=EHRBAR V, URECH C, ROCHLITZ C, journalName=Human Reproduction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EHRBAR V,URECH C,ROCHLITZ C,et al.Randomized controlled trial on the effect of an online decision aid for young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation[J].Human Reproduction,2019,34(9):1726-1734., articleTitle=Randomized controlled trial on the effect of an online decision aid for young female cancer patients regarding fertility preservation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125736948516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=6, pageStart=1301, pageEnd=1305, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=KEIM-MALPASS J, FITZHUGH H S, SMITH L P, journalName=Journal of Cancer Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEIM-MALPASS J,FITZHUGH H S,SMITH L P,et al.What is the role of the oncology nurse in fertility preservation counseling and education for young patients [J].Journal of Cancer Education,2018,33(6):1301-1305., articleTitle=What is the role of the oncology nurse in fertility preservation counseling and education for young patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125820834597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=20, issue=10, pageStart=1266, pageEnd=1270, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=王琦, 赵培, 张红梅, journalName=中华护理教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王琦,赵培,张红梅,等.育龄期乳腺癌患者生育信息需求及支持干预策略的研究进展[J].中华护理教育,2023,20(10):1266-1270., articleTitle=育龄期乳腺癌患者生育信息需求及支持干预策略的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125883749158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=328, issue=13, pageStart=1289, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=SLOMSKI A, journalName=JAMA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SLOMSKI A.Fertility preservation after breast cancer diagnosis[J].JAMA,2022,328(13):1289., articleTitle=Fertility preservation after breast cancer diagnosis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530125955052327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=24, pageStart=38, pageEnd=43, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=郑观蕾, journalName=医学与哲学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑观蕾.农村不孕女性辅助生殖治疗的经济压力与应对策略[J].医学与哲学,2024,45(24):38-43., articleTitle=农村不孕女性辅助生殖治疗的经济压力与应对策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530126034744104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=4, pageStart=100, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=张琨, 蔡晓, journalName=自然辩证法通讯, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张琨,蔡晓.单身女性社会性冻卵多维认知下的法律权利省思[J].自然辩证法通讯,2024,46(4):100-109., articleTitle=单身女性社会性冻卵多维认知下的法律权利省思, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530112730411714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530112738800323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530112730411714, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Medicine,Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530112742994628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530112730411714, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1同济大学医学院,上海 200092)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322530112805909189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530112818492102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530112805909189, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530112822686407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530112805909189, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2同济大学附属妇产科医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322530116333318856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530116341707465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530116333318856, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530116345901770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, companyId=1322530116333318856, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3香港都会大学护理及健康学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530120330490610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flow chart of literature search and screening, figureFileSmall=LNz72NcK14s9hlSF1uIBtA==, figureFileBig=4VE2Gj5IhYgrUS+XnB+4xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530120405988083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献检索筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=LNz72NcK14s9hlSF1uIBtA==, figureFileBig=4VE2Gj5IhYgrUS+XnB+4xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530120527622901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

PIPOST search strategy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PIPOST检索策略
中文检索式(以中国知网为例)英文检索式(以PubMed为例)
#1 populationSU%=(乳腺癌+乳房癌+乳腺肿瘤+乳腺癌症+乳房肿瘤)"breast neoplasms"[MeSH] OR "breast cancer"[Title/Abstract] OR "breast tumor"[Title/Abstract] OR "breast neoplasm*"[Title/Abstract]
#2 interventionSU%=(生育+生育力+生育能力+生育力保护+生育力保存+生育力保护+妊娠+怀孕+备孕+决策辅助+共享决策+决策冲突+决策体验+指导+教育)"fertility"[MeSH] OR "reproductive"[Title/Abstract] OR "pregnancy"[Title/Abstract] OR "fertility preservation"[Title/Abstract] OR "shared decision making"[Title/Abstract] OR "decision making"[Title/Abstract] OR "guidance"[Title/Abstract]
professional/
outcome/
setting/
#3 type of evidenceSU%=(指南+专家共识+证据总结+临床决策+系统评价)"guideline"[Title/Abstract] OR "consensus*"[Title/Abstract] OR "systematic review"[Title/Abstract] OR "clinical decision"[Title/Abstract] OR"meta-analysis"[Title/Abstract]
#4#1 AND #2 AND #3#1 AND #2 AND #3
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120603120374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PIPOST检索策略

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PIPOST检索策略
中文检索式(以中国知网为例)英文检索式(以PubMed为例)
#1 populationSU%=(乳腺癌+乳房癌+乳腺肿瘤+乳腺癌症+乳房肿瘤)"breast neoplasms"[MeSH] OR "breast cancer"[Title/Abstract] OR "breast tumor"[Title/Abstract] OR "breast neoplasm*"[Title/Abstract]
#2 interventionSU%=(生育+生育力+生育能力+生育力保护+生育力保存+生育力保护+妊娠+怀孕+备孕+决策辅助+共享决策+决策冲突+决策体验+指导+教育)"fertility"[MeSH] OR "reproductive"[Title/Abstract] OR "pregnancy"[Title/Abstract] OR "fertility preservation"[Title/Abstract] OR "shared decision making"[Title/Abstract] OR "decision making"[Title/Abstract] OR "guidance"[Title/Abstract]
professional/
outcome/
setting/
#3 type of evidenceSU%=(指南+专家共识+证据总结+临床决策+系统评价)"guideline"[Title/Abstract] OR "consensus*"[Title/Abstract] OR "systematic review"[Title/Abstract] OR "clinical decision"[Title/Abstract] OR"meta-analysis"[Title/Abstract]
#4#1 AND #2 AND #3#1 AND #2 AND #3
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120682812151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic characteristics of the included literature(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入文献发表时间国家文献来源文献类型文献主题
Sonmezer等[15]2024年美国UpToDate临床决策生育力和生殖激素的保留:性腺毒性治疗或手术前的管理概述
Cardonick等[16]2024年美国UpToDate临床决策癌症幸存者的生育能力和妊娠结局概述
陈青等[3]2023年中国知网指南中国育龄期女性乳腺癌病人生育力保存临床实践指南(2023版)
Paluch-Shimon等[17]2022年以色列PubMed指南ESO-ESMO第五次年轻女性乳腺癌国际共识指南(BCY5)
Su等[19]2025年美国PubMed指南癌症病人的生育力保留:ASCO 临床实践指南更新
Kim等[18]2017年韩国PubMed指南乳腺癌病人的生育力保存:大韩生育力保存学会临床指南
Santaballa等[21]2021年西班牙医脉通专家共识2021多学科共识:癌症病人保留生育能力标准
梁晓燕等[22]2020年中国医脉通专家共识中国女性肿瘤病人生育力保护及保存专家共识
Li等[20]2021年中国PubMed专家共识年轻乳腺癌病人的诊断、治疗和生育管理专家共识
雷静等[23]2022年中国知网证据总结年轻乳腺癌病人生育指导的最佳证据总结
Linnane等[24]2022年英国PubMed证据总结诊断为乳腺癌的女生生育决策
Pathak等[25]2023年美国PubMed系统评价评估保留生育力干预措施是否符合ASCO接受癌症治疗的育龄妇女指南
Boutas等[27]2023年希腊PubMed系统评价年轻女性病人的乳腺癌和生育能力保留
Stroeken等[26]2024年荷兰EMbase系统评价治疗妇科癌症的 AYA 的生活质量和与生育和怀孕相关的心理困扰
Wang等[28]2019年澳大利亚Web of Science系统评价癌症病人生育力保存决策辅助工具的系统评价
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120770892536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

纳入文献基本特征(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入文献发表时间国家文献来源文献类型文献主题
Sonmezer等[15]2024年美国UpToDate临床决策生育力和生殖激素的保留:性腺毒性治疗或手术前的管理概述
Cardonick等[16]2024年美国UpToDate临床决策癌症幸存者的生育能力和妊娠结局概述
陈青等[3]2023年中国知网指南中国育龄期女性乳腺癌病人生育力保存临床实践指南(2023版)
Paluch-Shimon等[17]2022年以色列PubMed指南ESO-ESMO第五次年轻女性乳腺癌国际共识指南(BCY5)
Su等[19]2025年美国PubMed指南癌症病人的生育力保留:ASCO 临床实践指南更新
Kim等[18]2017年韩国PubMed指南乳腺癌病人的生育力保存:大韩生育力保存学会临床指南
Santaballa等[21]2021年西班牙医脉通专家共识2021多学科共识:癌症病人保留生育能力标准
梁晓燕等[22]2020年中国医脉通专家共识中国女性肿瘤病人生育力保护及保存专家共识
Li等[20]2021年中国PubMed专家共识年轻乳腺癌病人的诊断、治疗和生育管理专家共识
雷静等[23]2022年中国知网证据总结年轻乳腺癌病人生育指导的最佳证据总结
Linnane等[24]2022年英国PubMed证据总结诊断为乳腺癌的女生生育决策
Pathak等[25]2023年美国PubMed系统评价评估保留生育力干预措施是否符合ASCO接受癌症治疗的育龄妇女指南
Boutas等[27]2023年希腊PubMed系统评价年轻女性病人的乳腺癌和生育能力保留
Stroeken等[26]2024年荷兰EMbase系统评价治疗妇科癌症的 AYA 的生活质量和与生育和怀孕相关的心理困扰
Wang等[28]2019年澳大利亚Web of Science系统评价癌症病人生育力保存决策辅助工具的系统评价
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120846390009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of the quality evaluation of the included guidelines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究各领域得分标准化百分比(%)≥60%领域数(个)≥30%领域数(个)推荐级别
范围和目的参与人员严谨性清晰性应用性独立性
陈青等[3]75.086.177.194.475100.066A级
Paluch-Shimon等[17]91.791.783.391.787.5100.066A级
Su等[19]91.791.785.494.481.3100.066A级
Kim等[18]80.683.364.672.266.745.856A级
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120926081786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

纳入指南的质量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究各领域得分标准化百分比(%)≥60%领域数(个)≥30%领域数(个)推荐级别
范围和目的参与人员严谨性清晰性应用性独立性
陈青等[3]75.086.177.194.475100.066A级
Paluch-Shimon等[17]91.791.783.391.787.5100.066A级
Su等[19]91.791.785.494.481.3100.066A级
Kim等[18]80.683.364.672.266.745.856A级
), ArticleFig(id=1322530120997384955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Results of quality evaluation incorporating expert consensus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究①②③④⑤⑥
Santaballa等[21]是是是是是是
梁晓燕等[22]是是是是是是
Li等[20]不清楚是是是是是
), ArticleFig(id=1322530121072882428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

纳入专家共识的质量评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究①②③④⑤⑥
Santaballa等[21]是是是是是是
梁晓燕等[22]是是是是是是
Li等[20]不清楚是是是是是
), ArticleFig(id=1322530121139991293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of quality evaluations included in systematic evaluations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪
Pathak等[25]是是是不清楚是是是是不清楚不清楚是
Boutas等[27]是是是不清楚是是是不清楚不清楚不清楚是
Stroeken等[26]是是是不清楚是是是是不清楚不清楚是
Wang等[28]是是是是是是是是不清楚不清楚是
), ArticleFig(id=1322530121228071678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

纳入系统评价的质量评价结果

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纳入研究①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪
Pathak等[25]是是是不清楚是是是是不清楚不清楚是
Boutas等[27]是是是不清楚是是是不清楚不清楚不清楚是
Stroeken等[26]是是是不清楚是是是是不清楚不清楚是
Wang等[28]是是是是是是是是不清楚不清楚是
), ArticleFig(id=1322530121307763455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168364726858453, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Summary of best evidence for guidance on fertility preservation decision in breast cancer patients of childbearing age

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类别证据内容证据等级
决策团队1)及时启动多学科综合治疗协作组(multi-disciplinary treatment,MDT)(团队包括乳腺肿瘤、妇产、生殖、遗传等专业)讨论,结合病人实际情况进行全面评估,合理制定生育力保存方案,实行全程、个案化管理[3,16,19-20]5级
2)除病人外,家庭成员(父母和/或亲密伴侣)及多学科医疗人员需参与生育保护决策[17,25]5级
决策前评估评估要求3)建议提升医护人员的专业能力及对乳腺癌生育管理指南的熟悉程度[17,26]5级
4)育龄期乳腺癌病人都必须享有最高标准的癌症治疗和支持性护理,无论社会地位如何,医生应积极与病人公开讨论、共同决策[15,17,24]5级
评估时机5)治疗开始前,医生需尽早评估告知病人及其伴侣不孕症的潜在风险和生育力保留问题,尽快转诊给妇科或生殖科医生[3,15,17-21,28]1级
评估内容6)生育意愿评估:使用生育意愿量表(FIS)评估病人的生育意愿,缩小生育信息差距[24]5级
7)生育能力评估:年龄和卵巢储备功能是生育力自然恢复的重要因素,在乳腺癌病理诊断后需立即评估育龄期乳腺癌病人的卵巢功能[3,20-21]1级
8)卵巢功能评估:抗苗勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)水平和窦状卵泡计数(antral follicle count,AFC)能更好地预测卵巢储备,评估女性的生育潜力[15-18,21]5级
9)治疗方案评估:化疗对病人生育力受损的程度,其中含烷化剂的化疗方案生殖毒性最大[3,16-18,20-21]1级
10)社会因素评估:制定具体的生育保护决策需考虑每位病人的实际情况和经济状况[20,24-26]5级
11)心理状态评估:定期评估病人的痛苦和社会心理需求,提供社会心理护理并将其纳入常规癌症治疗和随访[17,19-21,24-26]2级
决策方式教育手册12)建议为病人提供与生育相关的教育材料,可增加病人对保留生育能力选择的认知程度和共同决策[25]3级
门诊咨询13)建议有生育要求的育龄期乳癌病人应尽快接受产科和生殖科专家的生育保障咨询[15-17,19-20,22,26]1级
决策辅助工具14)建议利用多学科专业知识开发和试点决策辅助工具,减少决策冲突和遗憾[24-26]1级
15)决策辅助工具等开发有助于育龄期乳腺癌病人和医疗保健专业人员的生育讨论和决策,以获取更多生育力保护的相关信息[24,28]3级
护士导航员16)建议使用护士导航员筛选转诊到癌症中心的病人,加快测试和咨询[17,25]3级
决策内容生育力保护时机17)实施生育力保护不增加乳腺癌复发率与死亡率[3]1级
18)生育力保护的起点为乳腺癌确诊时,同时告知病人生育力保存的相关操作应以肿瘤治疗为主[3]1级
19)生育力保护适合治疗前等待期>2周的病人[3]1级
妊娠时机20)妊娠不会影响乳腺癌的复发风险[16,20-21],且乳腺癌的妊娠率较高[27]1级
21)育龄期乳腺癌病人受孕时间建议在辅助化疗结束后2~3年[20,23,27]1级
22)使用他莫昔芬药物的病人建议停用后至少等待2个月再尝试受孕[23,27]1级
23)高危病人和长期辅助内分泌治疗的病人受孕应将观察期延至5年或更长时间[20]5级
生育力保护技术24)育龄期乳腺癌病人的生育保护方法包括卵巢功能抑制和辅助生殖技术[15,20-22,25,27]1级
25)具有强烈生育需求的育龄期女性,建议冷冻卵子、胚胎和卵巢组织[15]1级
26)胚胎冷冻和卵母细胞冷冻是目前最成熟的生育力保护方法。卵母细胞冷冻适用于未婚女性,其中玻璃化冷冻是一种经济高效的卵母细胞冷冻方法;胚胎冷冻适用于已婚、家庭稳定的女性,是保持乳腺癌女性生育能力的最有效选择[16,18-19,23,27]1级
27)无法忍受抗肿瘤治疗延迟的紧急病人,建议采取未成熟卵母细胞的体外成熟(IVM)方法[20]3级
28)无法实施标准生育力保护计划的乳腺癌病人,用GnRHa短期抑制卵巢功能可以减少化疗引起的卵巢功能不全,并为卵巢功能提供部分保护。建议每月服用GnRHa,从化疗前2周开始,一直持续到化疗结束后2周[20]2级
注意事项29)在生育力保护期间应定期监测长期服用他莫昔芬的病人的子宫内膜厚度,间隔3~6个月[20]1级
30)不建议病人因生育需要而中断标准内分泌治疗。对于因分娩而不得不中断内分泌治疗的病人,必须在分娩完成后完成剩余的内分泌治疗[20]5级
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育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据总结

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类别证据内容证据等级
决策团队1)及时启动多学科综合治疗协作组(multi-disciplinary treatment,MDT)(团队包括乳腺肿瘤、妇产、生殖、遗传等专业)讨论,结合病人实际情况进行全面评估,合理制定生育力保存方案,实行全程、个案化管理[3,16,19-20]5级
2)除病人外,家庭成员(父母和/或亲密伴侣)及多学科医疗人员需参与生育保护决策[17,25]5级
决策前评估评估要求3)建议提升医护人员的专业能力及对乳腺癌生育管理指南的熟悉程度[17,26]5级
4)育龄期乳腺癌病人都必须享有最高标准的癌症治疗和支持性护理,无论社会地位如何,医生应积极与病人公开讨论、共同决策[15,17,24]5级
评估时机5)治疗开始前,医生需尽早评估告知病人及其伴侣不孕症的潜在风险和生育力保留问题,尽快转诊给妇科或生殖科医生[3,15,17-21,28]1级
评估内容6)生育意愿评估:使用生育意愿量表(FIS)评估病人的生育意愿,缩小生育信息差距[24]5级
7)生育能力评估:年龄和卵巢储备功能是生育力自然恢复的重要因素,在乳腺癌病理诊断后需立即评估育龄期乳腺癌病人的卵巢功能[3,20-21]1级
8)卵巢功能评估:抗苗勒管激素(anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)水平和窦状卵泡计数(antral follicle count,AFC)能更好地预测卵巢储备,评估女性的生育潜力[15-18,21]5级
9)治疗方案评估:化疗对病人生育力受损的程度,其中含烷化剂的化疗方案生殖毒性最大[3,16-18,20-21]1级
10)社会因素评估:制定具体的生育保护决策需考虑每位病人的实际情况和经济状况[20,24-26]5级
11)心理状态评估:定期评估病人的痛苦和社会心理需求,提供社会心理护理并将其纳入常规癌症治疗和随访[17,19-21,24-26]2级
决策方式教育手册12)建议为病人提供与生育相关的教育材料,可增加病人对保留生育能力选择的认知程度和共同决策[25]3级
门诊咨询13)建议有生育要求的育龄期乳癌病人应尽快接受产科和生殖科专家的生育保障咨询[15-17,19-20,22,26]1级
决策辅助工具14)建议利用多学科专业知识开发和试点决策辅助工具,减少决策冲突和遗憾[24-26]1级
15)决策辅助工具等开发有助于育龄期乳腺癌病人和医疗保健专业人员的生育讨论和决策,以获取更多生育力保护的相关信息[24,28]3级
护士导航员16)建议使用护士导航员筛选转诊到癌症中心的病人,加快测试和咨询[17,25]3级
决策内容生育力保护时机17)实施生育力保护不增加乳腺癌复发率与死亡率[3]1级
18)生育力保护的起点为乳腺癌确诊时,同时告知病人生育力保存的相关操作应以肿瘤治疗为主[3]1级
19)生育力保护适合治疗前等待期>2周的病人[3]1级
妊娠时机20)妊娠不会影响乳腺癌的复发风险[16,20-21],且乳腺癌的妊娠率较高[27]1级
21)育龄期乳腺癌病人受孕时间建议在辅助化疗结束后2~3年[20,23,27]1级
22)使用他莫昔芬药物的病人建议停用后至少等待2个月再尝试受孕[23,27]1级
23)高危病人和长期辅助内分泌治疗的病人受孕应将观察期延至5年或更长时间[20]5级
生育力保护技术24)育龄期乳腺癌病人的生育保护方法包括卵巢功能抑制和辅助生殖技术[15,20-22,25,27]1级
25)具有强烈生育需求的育龄期女性,建议冷冻卵子、胚胎和卵巢组织[15]1级
26)胚胎冷冻和卵母细胞冷冻是目前最成熟的生育力保护方法。卵母细胞冷冻适用于未婚女性,其中玻璃化冷冻是一种经济高效的卵母细胞冷冻方法;胚胎冷冻适用于已婚、家庭稳定的女性,是保持乳腺癌女性生育能力的最有效选择[16,18-19,23,27]1级
27)无法忍受抗肿瘤治疗延迟的紧急病人,建议采取未成熟卵母细胞的体外成熟(IVM)方法[20]3级
28)无法实施标准生育力保护计划的乳腺癌病人,用GnRHa短期抑制卵巢功能可以减少化疗引起的卵巢功能不全,并为卵巢功能提供部分保护。建议每月服用GnRHa,从化疗前2周开始,一直持续到化疗结束后2周[20]2级
注意事项29)在生育力保护期间应定期监测长期服用他莫昔芬的病人的子宫内膜厚度,间隔3~6个月[20]1级
30)不建议病人因生育需要而中断标准内分泌治疗。对于因分娩而不得不中断内分泌治疗的病人,必须在分娩完成后完成剩余的内分泌治疗[20]5级
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育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据总结
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张思颖 1, 2 , 钟敏慧 2 , 刘贤亮 3 , 阮良婧 1, 2 , 段霞 2, *, *
护理研究 | 交叉护理学研究 2026,40(5): 787-796
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护理研究 |交叉护理学研究 2026 , 40 (5) : 787 -796
育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据总结
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张思颖1, 2, 钟敏慧2, 刘贤亮3, 阮良婧1, 2, 段霞2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1同济大学医学院,上海 200092
  • 2同济大学附属妇产科医院
  • 3香港都会大学护理及健康学院
通讯作者:
段霞,E-mail:bamboo-
DUAN Xia, E-mail: bamboo-
作者简介:

张思颖,护士,硕士研究生

Summary of best evidence on fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age
Siying ZHANG1, 2, Minhui ZHONG2, Xianliang LIU3, Liangjing RUAN1, 2, Xia DUAN2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine,Tongji University, Shanghai 200092 China
  • 2Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University
  • 3School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University
  • Corresponding Author:
    DUAN Xia, E-mail: bamboo-
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.012
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目的

总结育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的相关证据,为开展对育龄期乳腺癌病人的相关生育力保护决策提供参考。

方法

系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、Cochrane Library、Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase等网站或数据库中关于育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护的临床决策、指南、系统评价、证据总结和专家共识等证据,检索时限为建库至2025年2月18日,由2名具有循证护理研究背景的研究者独立完成文献的质量评价,并结合专业人士的意见对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取及总结。

结果

共纳入15篇文献,包括2篇临床决策、4篇指南、3篇专家共识、2篇证据总结和4篇系统评价;总结的最佳证据包括决策团队、决策前评估、决策方式和决策内容4个方面,共30条最佳证据。

结论

总结的最佳证据可为临床医护人员开展育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策提供循证依据。在临床应用时,医护人员需要尊重病人生育意愿,不断推进生育力保护决策进程,尽可能保护乳腺癌病人的生育能力。

乳腺癌  /  育龄期  /  生育力保护  /  共享决策  /  证据总结  /  循证护理
Objective

To summarize the best available evidence regarding fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age,so as to provide a reference for supporting these patients making decisions.

Methods

The databases and websites including UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Cochrane Library,JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center database,the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),PubMed,Web of Science,and EMbase for evidence related to fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age were systematically searched.The types of evidence sought included clinical decision support tools,guidelines,systematic reviews,evidence summaries,and expert consensus documents.The search period was from the inception of each database to Februry 18,2025.Two researchers with a background in evidence-based nursing independently conducted the literature quality assessment.Evidence meeting quality standards was then extracted and summarized,incorporating input from relevant professionals.

Results

A total of 15 articles were included,comprising 2 clinical decision support documents,4 guidelines,3 expert consensuses,2 evidence summaries,and 4 systematic reviews.The summarized best evidence covers four key aspects:the fertility preservation decision-making team,pre-decision assessment,decision-making methods,and decision content,resulting in a total of 30 best evidence statements.

Conclusions

The summarized best evidence provides an evidence-based foundation for clinical healthcare professionals to support fertility preservation decision-making in breast cancer patients of reproductive age.In clinical application,healthcare providers need to respect patients' reproductive intentions,continuously advance the decision-making process,and protect the fertility potential of breast cancer patients as much as possible.

breast cancer  /  reproductive age  /  fertility preservation  /  shared decision-making  /  evidence summary  /  evidence-based nursing
张思颖, 钟敏慧, 刘贤亮, 阮良婧, 段霞. 育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据总结. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (5) : 787 -796 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.012
Siying ZHANG, Minhui ZHONG, Xianliang LIU, Liangjing RUAN, Xia DUAN. Summary of best evidence on fertility preservation decision-making for breast cancer patients of reproductive age[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (5) : 787 -796 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.012
据国家癌症中心最新发布的数据显示,中国乳腺癌新发病例约42万例,位居女性癌症首位,育龄期(18~49岁)乳腺癌病人约占40%[1]。在“个体价值优先”的现代化思潮冲击下,未育病人倾向于推迟或放弃生育以追求自我价值;而国家“三孩政策”的发布,让已育病人面临社会期待下的再育抉择。调查显示,乳腺癌病人的5年生存率高达85%~90%,其中50.7%的育龄期女性有较强生育意愿[2],这说明生育力作为病人治疗后未来生活质量重要组成部分之一,它的影响程度日益受到人们重视。我国相关指南建议生育力保护管理的起点为乳腺癌确诊时,医患双方需尽早沟通相关生育力保护问题[3]。有数据显示,有69%的乳腺癌病人在面临重大疾病威胁下,短期内难以完成生育决策[4]。从确诊到生育咨询的决策过程非常复杂且充满矛盾情绪,治疗与生育需求的博弈会延误最佳生育力保护时机,进而引发决策后悔度上升[5]。生育力保护决策主要由多学科团队(肿瘤科、生殖科、心理科等),通过决策辅助工具、联合咨询及心理社会支持等形式开展,其核心在于帮助病人理解生育技术风险,缓解生育决策压力,从而做出合理的生育计划[6]。研究证实,规范化的决策可有效降低病人生育决策冲突,并提高生育力保护措施实施率[7]。故生育力保护决策在促进育龄期乳腺癌病人后续治疗中占据举足轻重的地位。
目前,关于育龄期乳腺癌生育力保护决策的研究多聚焦于决策辅助工具开发与单维度干预。已有证据分散在指南推荐和临床试验中,例如,国内外指南均明确了生育力保护咨询的时机与内容,且瑞士的一项随机对照试验(RCT)证实决策辅助工具可降低病人决策冲突[8];国内则更侧重开展对病人生育决策的质性研究,揭示其在心理社会支持等方面的需求[9]。然而这些证据尚未被系统性整合与评价,导致临床实践缺乏统一标准。为了更好地指导生育力保护决策的实施,本研究系统检索有关生育力保护决策的相关文献,提取、评价和汇总最佳证据,旨在为临床路径优化、政策资源分配和科研方向设计等提供参考依据。
采用PIPOST模式分析循证问题。1)证据应用的目标人群(population,P)为育龄期乳腺癌病人;2)干预措施(intervention,I)为决策辅助、心理干预、教育咨询等;3)证据应用的实施者或执行者(professional,P)为医生、护理人员、研究人员及政策制定者;4)结局指标(outcome,O)包括主要结局指标(生育力保护知识水平、决策冲突量表评分、决策后悔量表评分)和次要结局指标(决策满意评分、心理社会结局、生育力保护实施率);5)证据应用场所(setting,S)为医院妇产科、妇产科专科医院、肿瘤医院及生殖中心等涉及乳腺癌病人生育问题的医疗卫生机构;6)证据类型(type of evidence,T)为临床决策、指南、系统评价、专家共识及其他证据总结。本研究已在复旦大学循证护理中心网站注册(注册号:ES20256999)。
根据PIPOST模式确立问题后,确定检索词进行文献检索。按照循证资源“6S模型”[10]自上而下的原则,检索范围包括UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、Cochrane Library、澳大利亚Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证卫生保健中心数据库、英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所、国际指南协作网、苏格兰学院间指南网、美国国立指南网、加拿大安大略省注册护士协会、医脉通、美国国立综合癌症网络、美国临床肿瘤协会官网、欧洲临床肿瘤协会官网、美国癌症协会官网、中国抗癌协会官网、中华护理学会官网、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方医学网、维普数据库、中华医学期刊网等网站或数据库。检索时限为各数据库建库至2025年2月18日,并追查已发表相关二次文献及纳入文献的参考文献。纳入证据类型为临床决策、指南、系统评价、证据总结和专家共识。检索指南及专业学会网站时,中文检索词包括:“乳腺癌”“生育力”“生育力保护”“决策”,英文检索词包括:“breast cancer”“fertility”“fertility preservation”“decision making”。检索综合数据库及相关网站时,采取主题词与自由词结合的方式。具体检索策略见表1。
根据PIPOST模式确立问题后,确定文献的纳入和排除标准。纳入标准:1)研究对象为育龄期乳腺癌病人;2)干预措施涉及有关生育力保护决策方面的所有措施;3)证据的实施者为乳腺癌或生殖中心临床医护人员;4)结局指标为生育力保护知识水平、决策冲突量表评分、决策后悔量表评分、决策满意评分、心理社会结局、生育力保护实施率;5)应用人群和场所选择能在医院、生殖中心、医疗机构等为有关医护人员、研究人员和政策制定者提供参考的文献;6)文献类型为临床决策、指南、证据总结、专家共识、系统评价及与本研究主题密切相关的原始研究;7)文献发表语言为中文或英文。排除标准:1)文献研究类型不符;2)研究时间为2005年以前的陈旧文献;3)研究内容重复发表;4)证据实施者和场所不匹配的文献;5)结局指标不涵盖上述指标的文献;6)质量评价低的文献,如指南质量评价为B级或C级、专家共识和系统评价的质量评价多个条目为“不清楚”或“否”。
根据确定的文献纳入和排除标准,将严格遵循以下步骤筛选文献。1)使用EndNote21软件对检索到的文献进行自动去重,并手动核查重复条目;2)由2名具有循证护理知识背景的研究人员独立阅读文献标题与摘要进行初步判断;3)获取初筛后保留的文献全文,由2名研究者分别按照纳入和排除标准逐项核查,重点排除结局指标缺失的文献;4)在上述筛选过程中,若存在分歧,则通过小组讨论的方式或请相关领域的权威循证专家进行评定、达成共识。
1)临床决策:纳入的临床决策属于“6S”金字塔中的顶层证据,证据质量高,因此直接采用符合本研究的证据。2)指南:采用英国2017年更新的临床实践指南研究与评价系统Ⅱ(appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation instrument Ⅱ,AGREE Ⅱ)[11]对纳入的指南进行质量评价。AGREE Ⅱ包括6个领域、23个条目,附加2个指南整体评价条目,所有条目按1~7分进行评价(1分表示很不同意,7分表示很同意),每个领域得分等于该领域中每个条目分数的总和并标准化为该领域可能的最高分数的百分比。根据各领域标准化百分比将指南划分为3个等级(A级、B级、C级)。评价者对2个全面评价条目进行评价,并对指南的质量做出综合判断,最终决定是否推荐使用该指南。3)专家共识:采用澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心(2016)专家共识评价标准对纳入的专家共识进行文献质量评价[12]。专家共识质量评价工具包括6个条目。4)系统评价:采用多维系统评价(AMSTAR)评价工具[13],该工具由11个评价项目组成,对每个评价项目进行“是”“否”“不清楚”“不适用”的判断。5)证据总结:追溯证据所依据的原始文献,根据原始文献类型选择JBI相应的评价标准进行质量评价[12]。纳入文献由2名具有循证护理知识背景的研究人员独立完成文献质量评价,并交叉核对。若遇分歧,请相关领域的权威循证专家进行评定。
由2名研究者独立对纳入文献的相关内容进行提取与整合,并由循证课题组共同检查、核对。按照生育保护决策前评估、决策内容、决策团队、决策方式4个方面对相关证据进行提取、分类和整合。对相似的证据进行归类;对于矛盾的证据,遵循高质量证据优先、权威文献优先、国内本土证据优先的原则进行整合。对纳入证据追溯到相关证据所依据的原始文献,根据研究设计类型的不同,按照澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心2016版证据分级系统进行预评级[14],将证据等级划分为1~5级,1级为最高级别,5级为最低级别。对于无法追溯到原始文献的证据,保留原始指南和专家共识的证据等级和推荐强度。
初步获得文献4 257篇,导入EndNote文献管理软件,经过软件去重,剩余2 994篇文献。按照纳入与排除标准,由2名研究者共同筛选,初步阅读题目、摘要后获得文献112篇,阅读全文后最终纳入15篇文献,包括临床决策2篇[15-16]、指南4篇[3,17-19]、专家共识3篇[20-22]、证据总结2篇[23-24]、系统评价4篇[25-28]。文献筛选流程见图1。
纳入的15篇文献的基本特征见表2。所有纳入的文献均在2017—2025年间发表,语言为中文或英文;发表国家方面,中国(4篇)[3,20,22-23]、美国(4篇)[15-16,19,25]、以色列(1篇)[17]、韩国(1篇)[18]、西班牙(1篇)[21]、英国(1篇)[24]、希腊(1篇)[27]、荷兰(1篇)[26]、澳大利亚(1篇)[28];文献类型方面,2篇临床决策[15-16]、4篇指南[3,17-19]、3篇专家共识[20-22]、2篇证据总结[23-24]和4篇系统评价[25-28]。文献内容聚焦多国的乳腺癌生育力保护规范,同时涉及不同国家间生育力保护的决策与指导内容。
纳入2篇临床决策[15-16],追溯原始文献来自UptoDate,默认评价为高质量证据,均予纳入。
本研究共纳入4篇指南[3,17-19],4篇指南推荐级别均为A级,整体质量较高,均予纳入,见表3。
本研究共纳入3篇专家共识[20-22],整体质量较高,其中1篇专家共识[20]在条目1“是否明确标注观点来源”为“不清楚”,其余专家共识评价结果均为“是”;其他2篇专家共识[21-22]所有条目评价结果均为“是”,整体质量较高,均予纳入,见表4。
本研究共纳入4篇系统评价[25-28],Boutas 等[27]系统评价除条目4、条目8、条目9、条目10为“不清楚”,其余均为“是”。Pathak等[25]和Stroeken等[26]系统评价除条目4、条目9、条目10为“不清楚”,其余均为“是”。Wang等[28]系统评价除条目9、条目10为“不清楚”,其余均为“是”。纳入的系统评价整体质量较高,均予纳入,见表5。
本研究共纳入2篇证据总结[23-24],并对其逐条证据追溯原文进行质量评价,整体质量较高,均予纳入。
本研究共获得育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的相关证据30条,将证据汇总为生育力保护决策团队、决策前评估、决策方式和决策内容4个方面。具体见表6。
育龄期乳腺癌病人通常面临独特的生理、心理及社会等多方面挑战,这些问题应由多学科团队解决。证据1和证据2强调建立和启动包括乳腺肿瘤、妇产、生殖、护理、心理、社会和遗传等在内的多学科团队,有利于实现个性化的全面评估和全程管理,最大程度保障病人的生育权益。此外,家庭成员和亲密伴侣也需要与病人共同参与生育力保护决策。有研究显示,育龄期乳腺癌病人的生育忧虑与家庭支持呈负相关[29],而家庭成员和同伴支持贯穿病人生育力保护的各个阶段。因此,充分调动家庭力量也有利于减轻病人生育忧虑,提升家庭成员对生育力保护的认知,更好助力病人做出生育力保护决策。
系统化对育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护进行决策前的评估,是实施生育力保护临床实践的基础。这就要求医务人员在病人生育力保护决策的评估中起到关键引领作用。Lee等[30]的研究发现,术前转诊生育专家的乳腺癌病人回收的卵母细胞数量增加,活产率大幅度提升,提示在治疗开始前转诊生育专家的重要性。然而有研究显示,医务人员由于缺乏足够认知,只有不到25%的人员遵循指南对病人转诊以进一步讨论生育力保护问题[31]。故证据3和证据4指出医务人员需加强对乳腺癌生育指南的熟悉度,提升自身的专业素养,才能更好地推动生育力保护的决策的开展,协助病人进行科学决策。在决策开始前,医务人员需要从多维度全面评估病人。在尊重病人生育意愿的同时,不仅要基于其自身的治疗方案评估生育能力,还要结合实际情况与经济状况,重视对心理状态的评估。同时,乳腺癌病人作为生育力保护决策主体和最终受益者,为了避免被医务人员的过度干预,医务人员需激发病人在决策中的主体意识,积极主动引导其参与决策过程,充分发挥病人自身的主观能动性,才能更好地推进生育力保护决策的实施。
一项系统评价表明,66%~100%的癌症病人表示需要生育信息,尤其是无子女仍有生育计划的育龄期病人[32]。多样化的教育咨询服务及精准化的决策辅助工具应运而生,能为病人打造多元化的决策支持体系,减少信息短缺差和认知偏差所造成的决策失误,进而降低决策冲突和遗憾。同时,有助于提高病人及家属对生育力保护决策内容的接受度和依从性,帮助他们深入理解生育力保护决策的内容。证据14和证据15建议开发和试点决策辅助工具。目前,国际上决策辅助工具形式主要有纸质手册、决策树及在线网站等[33],可以通过分析病人个人信息辅助其做出个性化的生育决策,也会降低由于地区经济差异所造成的信息供给不对等、生殖专家的缺乏等问题[26]。值得注意的是,荷兰的一项随机对照试验显示使用决策辅助工具组的决策冲突甚至高于对照组[34],这与Ehrbar等[35]研究不一致,这与研究样本量小、研究设计不同与决策工具开发的国家地区差异有关,故决策工具只能作为生育保护决策的辅助干预,不能完全替代专家咨询等的重要作用,未来还需扩大样本量,开展更多高质量、多中心的研究,以明确决策辅助工具的普适性和有效性。我国决策辅助工具处于起步阶段,建议在未来基于循证,借鉴育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策辅助工具的构建过程和经验,开发适用于我国国情的本土化在线决策辅助工具。
肿瘤生育护士作为多学科团队核心成员之一,在病人与不同专业团队之间的沟通发挥着重要的桥梁作用。但有研究表明,护士尚未明确在生育咨询中的角色和责任[36]。证据16则建议设置护士导航员,以此整合资源信息和协调多学科沟通,有利于实现快速转诊和共同决策。研究显示,89%的乳腺癌病人认为护士导航员的引入增加了获得生育信息和服务的机会[37]。只有进一步提升护士在生育力保护决策中的参与度,才能为病人在决策中提供持续性的专业指导,提升病人在生育力保护中决策体验与决策质量,也能为后续观察病人生育情况做好有效随访,为及时关注其潜在生育问题、打造“一条龙”全程支持服务体系奠定基础。
证据18明确了生育力保护的起点在乳腺癌确诊时,这主要基于抗癌治疗刻不容缓,为避免延迟治疗,需与生殖中心建立沟通的桥梁,以便获得更加充足时间实施生育力保护。故在抗癌前即刻启动生育力决策相关流程、合理实施生育力决策内容非常重要。而抗癌后的妊娠时机最好等待至化疗结束后2~5年进行。证据17和证据20显示生育力保护和妊娠不会增加乳腺癌的复发率和死亡率[3]。且一项Meta分析结果证明,与未怀孕的女性相比,乳腺癌后怀孕女性死亡风险降低了41%[38],这可能与“健康母体效应”和“基因表达有关”。故为减少不孕风险对病人健康生活的影响,在不耽误乳腺癌治疗的前提下,对于有生育意愿的病人应依据自身疾病情况咨询医生,寻求最佳生育力保护方法;医护人员也要及时观察和宣教,帮助她们在最佳决策时机选择合适的生育力保护方案,规避危险因素,尽可能满足病人的生育保护需求,从而提升决策的合理性和病人的满意度。
育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的成功实施,有赖于病人、医院及政府的三方合力的协同作用。较少三级医院具备标准化生育力保存技术能力,加上基层医疗机构服务覆盖率不足,这种经济差异会导致欠发达地区病人被迫放弃生育力保护的决策。同时,生育力保护技术的昂贵价格让很多家庭形成“需求-支付能力”断层。有研究显示,每个辅助生殖技术周期的平均花费为3万元,现有医保能覆盖的生育力保护项目较少[39]。此外,我国癌症病人生育力保护专项法规尚未出台,缺乏相关伦理规范[40]。因此,国家政策扶持才是全面推进生育力保护的长效保障,国家需尽快制定完善伦理规范,开发国家生育力保护信息平台,借助互联网宣传乳腺癌生育力保护知识,打破社会认知偏差,激发社会共同参与。
本研究总结的育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的最佳证据涉及生育力保护决策团队、决策前评估、决策方式和决策内容等4个方面的30条最佳证据,证据总体质量较高,可为临床医护人员和管理者优化育龄期乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策干预方案的制定提供循证依据。但本研究存在不同国家病人的普适性、干预方案不统一等局限性,未来还需加强对我国乳腺癌病人生育力保护决策的探索,开展高质量、大样本、多中心的研究,进一步验证和完善现有证据体系,尽快为病人构建个性化的生育力保护决策干预方案。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.012
  • 接收时间:2025-04-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-15
  • 修回日期:2026-01-17
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    1同济大学医学院,上海 200092
    2同济大学附属妇产科医院
    3香港都会大学护理及健康学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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