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Article(id=1322168352441745747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=1772985600000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159099922, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159099922, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159099922, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159099922, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1192, endPage=1197, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168352638878036, articleId=1322168352441745747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=A qualitative study on intergenerational programs among elderly people with mild cognitive impairment conducted by young parents, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the true thoughts of young Chinese parents on the application of intergenerational programs in the elderly population with mild cognitive impairment,and to provide reference for health education strategies and clinical practices.

Methods

Using purposive sampling method,a total of 22 parents of children aged 0-14 who received treatment in the pediatric ward of a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from November to December 2024 were selected.Based on the theory of knowledge,attitude,and practice theoretical model,data were collected through semi-structured interviews.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze.

Results

A total of 4 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted:understanding and attitude towards mild cognitive impairment in the elderly(mainly based on life experience,diverse but insufficient professional channels of understanding,attitude and ideas for improving cognitive impairment),understanding and attitude towards intergenerational programs(vague concept,high support rate and core motivation,implementation concerns),current situation of interaction between family and society(limitations of family interaction,diverse forms of community activities),community and institutional demands(resource support,institutional innovation).

Conclusions

Promoting intergenerational programs requires strengthening the popularization of professional knowledge,constructing practical models for families and communities,and promoting institutional optimization and innovation.

, authors=Xi CHEN1, Chengzhen YANG2, Xia WAN1, Yinghua CAI1, authorsList=Xi CHEN, Chengzhen YANG, Xia WAN, Yinghua CAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinghua CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CAI Yinghua, E-mail:
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目的

探究我国年轻父母对代际共融应用于老年轻度认知障碍人群的真实想法，为健康宣教策略及临床实践提供参考。

方法

采用目的抽样法，选取2024年11月—12月在江苏省某三级甲等医院儿童病房就诊的22名0~14岁儿童的父母，以知信行理论模型为基础，通过半结构式访谈收集资料，运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行分析。

结果

共提炼出4个主题和10个亚主题：对老年轻度认知障碍的认识及态度（以生活经验为主、认识渠道多样但专业性不足、对改善认知障碍的态度及想法）、对代际共融的认识与态度（概念模糊、高支持率与核心动机、实施顾虑）、家庭与社会的互动现状（家庭互动内容局限、社区活动形式多样）、社区与制度需求（资源支持、制度创新）。

结论

推广代际共融需加强专业知识普及，构建家庭和社区实践模式，推进制度优化与创新。

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陈茜，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡英华，E-mail：
CAI Yinghua, E-mail:
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journalName=南京医科大学学报(社会科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李湘君,宋慧勇.老年认知症“污名化”与“去污名化”干预的研究进展[J].南京医科大学学报(社会科学版),2024,24(2):136-142., articleTitle=老年认知症“污名化”与“去污名化”干预的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530422890803693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=18, issue=7/8, pageStart=2609, pageEnd=2619, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=HERRMANN L K, UDELSON N, KANETSKY C, journalName=Dementia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HERRMANN L K,UDELSON N,KANETSKY C,et al.A new curriculum to address dementia-related stigma:preliminary experience with Alzheimer's Association staff[J].Dementia,2019,18(7/8):2609-2619., articleTitle=A new curriculum to address dementia-related stigma:preliminary experience with Alzheimer's Association staff, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530422962106862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, 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residents with dementia[J].Clinical Interventions in Aging,2007,2(3):477-483., articleTitle=Effects of intergenerational Montessori-based activities programming on engagement of nursing home residents with dementia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530423230542321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=19, issue=9, pageStart=1295, pageEnd=1301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=孙飞, 仲鑫, 李霞, journalName=中国护理管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙飞,仲鑫,李霞.认知症友好社区的建设和发展:中美社区案例的比较分析[J].中国护理管理,2019,19(9):1295-1301., articleTitle=认知症友好社区的建设和发展:中美社区案例的比较分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530423314428402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=2023, issue=4, pageStart=19, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=楼玮群, 刘焕然, journalName=社会工作, refType=null, unstructuredReference=楼玮群,刘焕然.认知障碍友好社区的政策执行及发展面向[J].社会工作,2023(4):19-33;104-105., articleTitle=认知障碍友好社区的政策执行及发展面向, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530414124708278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530414133096887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, companyId=1322530414124708278, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Jiangsu 214043 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530414141485496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, companyId=1322530414124708278, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, 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articleId=1322168352441745747, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of interviewees（n=22）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）学历职业儿子年龄（岁）女儿年龄（岁）熟悉程度
老年轻度认知障碍代际共融
P1女38研究生护士8熟悉了解
P2女36本科护士7了解不了解
P3女39本科护士4、8了解不太了解
P4女38本科职员8不了解不了解
P5女32本科公务员4不了解不了解
P6女38初中农民8了解不太了解
P7女37专科自由职业6不了解不了解
P8男35本科制造业工程师10了解不了解
P9男37初中个体经营者13不了解不了解
P10女38初中职员13不了解不了解
P11女38本科公务员8了解了解
P12女38中专职员5不太了解不了解
P13女38专科自由职业10、12不太了解不了解
P14男42研究生医生9了解不了解
P15女37高中职员77不太了解不了解
P16女33专科职员9不了解不了解
P17女28本科护士2不了解不了解
P18男36初中制造业技术人员4了解不了解
P19女43本科企业单位负责人13了解不了解
P20女43初中职员14不了解不了解
P21女35初中个体经营者814不了解不了解
P22女33初中个体经营者13不了解不了解
), ArticleFig(id=1322530421305356762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168352441745747, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

访谈对象的基本资料（n=22）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号性别年龄（岁）学历职业儿子年龄（岁）女儿年龄（岁）熟悉程度
老年轻度认知障碍代际共融
P1女38研究生护士8熟悉了解
P2女36本科护士7了解不了解
P3女39本科护士4、8了解不太了解
P4女38本科职员8不了解不了解
P5女32本科公务员4不了解不了解
P6女38初中农民8了解不太了解
P7女37专科自由职业6不了解不了解
P8男35本科制造业工程师10了解不了解
P9男37初中个体经营者13不了解不了解
P10女38初中职员13不了解不了解
P11女38本科公务员8了解了解
P12女38中专职员5不太了解不了解
P13女38专科自由职业10、12不太了解不了解
P14男42研究生医生9了解不了解
P15女37高中职员77不太了解不了解
P16女33专科职员9不了解不了解
P17女28本科护士2不了解不了解
P18男36初中制造业技术人员4了解不了解
P19女43本科企业单位负责人13了解不了解
P20女43初中职员14不了解不了解
P21女35初中个体经营者814不了解不了解
P22女33初中个体经营者13不了解不了解
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年轻父母对老年轻度认知障碍人群实施代际共融的质性研究
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陈茜 1 , 杨承桢 2 , 万霞 1 , 蔡英华 1, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(7): 1192-1197
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1192 -1197
年轻父母对老年轻度认知障碍人群实施代际共融的质性研究
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陈茜1, 杨承桢2, 万霞1, 蔡英华1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院，南京医科大学无锡医学中心，无锡市人民医院，江苏 214043
  • 2南京医科大学护理学院
通讯作者:
蔡英华，E-mail：
CAI Yinghua, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈茜，硕士研究生在读

A qualitative study on intergenerational programs among elderly people with mild cognitive impairment conducted by young parents
Xi CHEN1, Chengzhen YANG2, Xia WAN1, Yinghua CAI1
Affiliations
  • 1The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Jiangsu 214043 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University
    • Corresponding Author:
    CAI Yinghua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.018
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摘要
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目的

探究我国年轻父母对代际共融应用于老年轻度认知障碍人群的真实想法，为健康宣教策略及临床实践提供参考。

方法

采用目的抽样法，选取2024年11月—12月在江苏省某三级甲等医院儿童病房就诊的22名0~14岁儿童的父母，以知信行理论模型为基础，通过半结构式访谈收集资料，运用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行分析。

结果

共提炼出4个主题和10个亚主题：对老年轻度认知障碍的认识及态度（以生活经验为主、认识渠道多样但专业性不足、对改善认知障碍的态度及想法）、对代际共融的认识与态度（概念模糊、高支持率与核心动机、实施顾虑）、家庭与社会的互动现状（家庭互动内容局限、社区活动形式多样）、社区与制度需求（资源支持、制度创新）。

结论

推广代际共融需加强专业知识普及，构建家庭和社区实践模式，推进制度优化与创新。

代际共融  /  老年人  /  认知障碍  /  质性研究
Objective

To explore the true thoughts of young Chinese parents on the application of intergenerational programs in the elderly population with mild cognitive impairment,and to provide reference for health education strategies and clinical practices.

Methods

Using purposive sampling method,a total of 22 parents of children aged 0-14 who received treatment in the pediatric ward of a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from November to December 2024 were selected.Based on the theory of knowledge,attitude,and practice theoretical model,data were collected through semi-structured interviews.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze.

Results

A total of 4 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted:understanding and attitude towards mild cognitive impairment in the elderly(mainly based on life experience,diverse but insufficient professional channels of understanding,attitude and ideas for improving cognitive impairment),understanding and attitude towards intergenerational programs(vague concept,high support rate and core motivation,implementation concerns),current situation of interaction between family and society(limitations of family interaction,diverse forms of community activities),community and institutional demands(resource support,institutional innovation).

Conclusions

Promoting intergenerational programs requires strengthening the popularization of professional knowledge,constructing practical models for families and communities,and promoting institutional optimization and innovation.

intergenerational programs  /  the elderly  /  cognitive impairment  /  qualitative study
陈茜, 杨承桢, 万霞, 蔡英华. 年轻父母对老年轻度认知障碍人群实施代际共融的质性研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1192 -1197 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.018
Xi CHEN, Chengzhen YANG, Xia WAN, Yinghua CAI. A qualitative study on intergenerational programs among elderly people with mild cognitive impairment conducted by young parents[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1192 -1197 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.018
正文
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轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment，MCI）是以记忆力或其他认知功能进行性减退为特征，但未影响日常生活能力的临床状态[1]。随着我国老龄化进程加速，预计2050年60岁及以上人口将突破4亿人[2]，轻度认知障碍患病率也随之攀升，2020年，60岁以上轻度认知障碍病人达3 877万例，且未来30年将呈持续增长态势[3]。我国受人口寿命延长、社会流动加快等因素影响，核心家庭（由1对夫妇及未婚子女组成的家庭）和单亲家庭数量的增多，原本传统的多代同堂模式逐渐减少，使得老年人出现社会融合与参与不足的问题[4]，加剧了老年群体的健康风险。代际共融（intergenerational programs，IGP）为增进老年人的社会参与和社会支持提供了参照范例。代际共融起源于19世纪的美国，是由Newman[5]提出的一种社会服务形式，涉及年轻和年长群体成员之间持续且有组织的互动，旨在使所有受访者获益。研究证实，代际共融不仅可延缓轻度认知障碍老年人认知衰退[6-8]、提升幸福感[9]与心理弹性[10-11]，还能提升儿童对痴呆的认知水平[12]，增强儿童的包容度与情绪调节能力[13]。但是在我国推广代际共融需重点考虑儿童参与者的支持基础，本研究选取年轻父母作为研究切入点，其作为未成年人的法定代理人与首要教育者，年轻父母对代际共融的认识与态度不仅直接影响儿童参与可能性，更关乎代际共融模式的可持续性。通过探究该群体对轻度认知障碍老年人群代际共融的真实想法，为制定家庭-社会联动的干预策略提供依据，这对增强代际凝聚力、提升老年人生活质量具有重要现实意义。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用便利抽样法，选取2024年11月—12月在江苏省某三级甲等医院儿童病房中病情稳定的儿童家长作为研究对象。纳入标准：1）0~14岁儿童的父母，年龄20~45岁；2）儿童病情稳定；3）知情同意，自愿参加本研究。排除患有严重精神疾患或沟通障碍难以访谈者。样本量以信息饱和为原则，即不再出现新的主题时结束访谈，最终纳入22名受访者（编号P1~P22），其一般资料见表1。本研究已通过无锡市人民医院科研伦理委员会审批[审批号：（2024）科研伦审第（KY24156）号]。所有研究对象均自愿参与本研究，并签署知情同意书。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　确定访谈提纲
根据研究目的及理论文献分析结果，以知信行理论模型为框架，初步设计访谈提纲，经院内专家小组会议、预访谈及课题组讨论后修订形成最终版访谈提纲。研究者实施预访谈时发现，由于受访者对老年轻度认知障碍和代际共融这类专业术语不了解，导致受试者对概念理解有偏差或导致其他问题无法获得有效信息。因此，访谈时研究者向不了解老年轻度认知障碍及代际共融的受试者简单介绍老年轻度认知障碍和代际共融的概念，内容如下：老年轻度认知障碍病人指的是年龄60岁及以上且认知功能轻度损伤的人，主要表现为记忆力轻度下降、性情改变、计算能力下降，也可能出现定向力障碍[14]。轻度认知障碍是介于正常衰老和痴呆之间的一种过渡状态，可以发展为痴呆；代际共融指的是不同年龄段的人共同参加活动，比如一起做游戏、画画、唱歌等，目的是促进代际交流、理解与合作[5]。
1.2.2　资料收集方法
采用面对面的半结构式访谈法收集资料。访谈遵循知情同意原则，访谈前向受访者解释本次研究的目的、内容、方法及意义，承诺严格保密与匿名原则，取得受访者的信任并签署知情同意书。访谈地点选择在安静的会议室，访谈时间控制在20 min内。访谈过程中，研究者根据访谈提纲提问并录音，提问的顺序和方式根据实际情况灵活调整；访谈过程中研究者采用重复、澄清、总结等访谈技巧，且尽量避免使用引导性语句，访谈全程录音且记录关键信息。
1.2.3　资料分析方法
2名研究者在访谈结束后24 h内将录音资料逐字逐句转录成文字。采用Nvivo 12.0、Colaizzi 7步分析法[14]，结合现场笔记资料，分析资料，对反复出现的观点进行编码并归类，经过反复对比、整合与归纳后提炼出主题,将整理后的资料返回到受访者处核对。
1.2.4　质量控制方法
基于理论文献分析、课题组讨论后制定访谈提纲以确保其合理性、全面性及严谨性；访谈前2名研究者经统一培训，掌握相关访谈技巧，确保资料获取的准确性；在征得访谈对象知情同意后，开展访谈并全程录音；访谈结束后24 h内转录访谈资料并核实，以保证资料的真实性；根据主题饱和原则，样本收集20名受访者时达到饱和后，研究者再次收集2名受访者进行验证；研究由2名研究者独立完成分析、编码过程，确保主题提炼与归纳的准确性。
2　结果
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分析文本，共编码459处，最终确定了4个主题和10个亚主题。
2.1　主题1：对老年轻度认知障碍的认识及态度
2.1.1　以生活经验为主
多数受访者不了解老年轻度认知障碍的概念。经过研究者简单介绍后，受访者表示身边可能有轻度认知障碍老年人，通过生活经验理解老年轻度认知障碍的症状，如记忆力衰退描述为忘记日常事务、药物使用步骤；情绪波动描述为焦虑、固执；自理能力下降描述为穿衣、洗澡需他人帮助。部分受访者提到独居或社交孤立是潜在诱因，P11：“轻度认知障碍老年人不是重度的认知障碍，大部分时间意识还是比较清楚的，如果是独居状态，没有朋友，可能会越来越孤独，认知障碍会越来越严重”。
2.1.2　认识渠道多样但专业性不足
年轻父母对老年轻度认知障碍的认识渠道多样，包括职业接触，如医护人员、家政从业者；家庭经历，如亲属患病；媒体报道或主动检索信息。但整体缺乏对医学定义的清晰认知，常与老年痴呆的症状混淆，认为轻度认知障碍会影响病人的日常生活，P12：“轻度认知障碍老年人在生活上吃饭不受影响，但洗澡、穿衣、出行可能会受到影响”。
2.1.3　对改善认知障碍的态度及想法
受访者表示轻度认知障碍老年人需要家人的关心，在家庭中加强陪伴、耐心沟通、包容情绪问题、实用工具辅助重复提醒（如提示卡片、文字提示、语音辅助）可能能够帮助老年人改善认知障碍。如P17强调陪伴的重要性，“要改善认知障碍需要家里人多陪伴，多回去看看”。面对情绪行为症状，家庭系统展现出心理弹性。P18认为沟通和包容是主要的应对方式，“我会尝试沟通，发生不和谐事情的话，会对老人和孩子表示包容，会尝试跟他沟通解决”。P15采用发展性应对策略，“出现情绪问题时就顺着老人，像哄孩子一样，家属要多包容”。P11认为可通过实用工具辅助，以重复提醒的方式提高认知障碍老年人的生活质量，“可以在家里放置一些小卡片，提醒老人吃药，平时多提醒老人”。
2.2　主题2：对代际共融的认识与态度
2.2.1　概念模糊
多数受访者，尤其是非医疗背景的受访者未听说过代际共融的概念，但能通过字面意思理解为老年人与年轻人的互动；部分受访者了解“代际共融”的概念，提到养老院与幼儿园结合、社区活动等具体例子。有受访者由代际共融联想到“时间银行”这种特殊的互助模式，但时间银行互助模式并非代际共融特有的方式，是互助式养老的一种新方式[15]。P15：“我听说过时间养老银行，比如年轻人帮助社区老人2 h，可以将时间积累下来，等需要的时候，可以把这2 h提现出来，让别人来照顾你”。
2.2.2　高支持率与核心动机
受访者支持代际共融的核心原因是“双赢”——老年人通过互动获得情感支持和认知刺激，儿童则培养同理心和社会责任感。如P19认为，代际共融能够促进老年人获得感情支持，“我觉得代际共融是很有必要的，所谓的代沟，原因是不愿意倾听，我们要学会共情，融入他们老年人中”。P18认为，代际共融可培养儿童的同理心和社会责任感，“让孩子通过与老年人的接触，了解不同人群，体会长辈的不易。去了解一下老年人群是个什么样子的，培养一下尊老爱幼的良好品德”。
2.2.3　实施顾虑
实施顾虑主要集中在儿童安全风险、时间成本、活动设计专业性等问题。本研究发现，参与者对代际冲突具有较大的包容性。P21：“考虑到认知障碍情绪不稳定，发生冲突时，会和孩子解释，进行调解，让双方都反省自身”。但部分受访者仍担忧孩子会有安全风险，P17：“愿意参加，但孩子年龄有点小，不放心孩子安全，必须提前了解老年人的情况，或者有家长照看小孩”。部分受访者认为空余时间不充足，P16：“家长和孩子不太有时间去，家长工作忙，孩子作业写不完”。也有部分受访者提出了对活动设计专业性的要求，并强调孩子需要正确的引导，P1：“觉得需要有个专业的人员，比较了解老年认知障碍这方面的”；P2：“觉得小朋友那边受年龄的影响，可能他的理解能力低，要专业人员及时地给予一个疏导，给他正确地引导，然后再继续活动”。
2.3　主题3：家庭与社区的互动现状
2.3.1　家庭互动内容局限
在共同居住的家庭中，代际互动呈现高频但内容单一的特征，日常活动多集中生活照料层面，如接送子女、辅导课业、共同用餐。然而，因代际教育观念差异，此类家庭易出现育儿理念冲突。P1：“老人对教育的理念与我们不同，需通过反复沟通，不断提醒，尽量达成一致的价值观”。部分家庭尝试通过角色分工缓解矛盾，P18：“为避免冲突，我们明确划分责任，父母主导教育决策，老人仅承担辅助角色”。老年人若存在轻度认知障碍，其育儿辅助功能可能进一步受限，加剧家庭内部协调压力。与共同居住家庭相比，核心家庭与老年亲属的互动呈现显著的空间阻隔特征。代际联系多依赖节假日团聚或远程通信如视频通话，互动频次与深度均显不足。P15：“我们和长辈异地，每年最多见面4次或5次，日常只能通过电话维持联系，但感情依旧很深”；P20：“我们通常在春节假期安排全家旅游，平日长辈工作繁忙，难有深入交流”。此类浅层互动模式虽能维系基本情感联结，却难以构建代际间的认知共情与价值传递机制。
2.3.2　社区活动形式多样
受访者表示，现有的社区互动主要以我国传统节日为主题，举办节日聚餐及公益活动。P19：“我们社区每逢端午节都会组织包粽子”；P3：“社区在重阳节包香囊、公益活动有梅园的灯会，还有运动方面的健跑之类的”。部分受访者分享孩子在学校参与的志愿活动，P2：“孩子在学校有团日活动，去社区或者养老院做志愿活动”。受访者呼吁社区活动可增加趣味性以提高孩子与老年人的兴趣，同时考虑专业性，并以保护孩子与老年人的安全为前提，发挥代际共融最大的优势，培养文化氛围。P4：“对老年人的兴趣爱好提供一些服务，社区加强这方面的服务，能够让老年生活更丰富一点的”；P13：“让老人参加社团，培养兴趣爱好，让老人有一技之长”；P20：“需要请教行政管理专业的组织者，能够妥善处理突发事件，缓解冲突和矛盾”。
2.4　主题4：社区与制度需求
2.4.1　资源支持
受访者呼吁促进代际共融需有经济保障、专业培训及公共空间的优化。受访者建议提供专项财政支持，如社区日托中心建设、老年大学的建设及社区活动支持。P15：“社区兴趣爱好活动、日托中心需要投入人力物力，这些需要有经济支撑”。开展老龄化教育，组织老年护理技能培训项目，提升公众知识水平。P20：“医院可以为社区提供科普讲座，加大公众关注度，要科普，在网络上宣传认知障碍和代际共融的科普知识”。P4建议为年轻人与家属提供专业指导，“希望老年护理相关的技术可以对社会进行培训，让年轻人或者家属能够学习老年护理的专科技能，让老人能够获得更好的照顾”。受访者普遍认为社区除了提供安全、包容的公共空间外，更需要组织跨代活动，如义卖、节日表演、手工课。P19：“经常组织一些活动，让小孩和老人之间互相陪伴”，以促进自发的互动。
2.4.2　制度创新
受访者呼吁通过制度创新优化时间安排。受访者普遍反映现行社会服务存在时间匹配性不足问题，建议在代际群体共有时段加强活动供给，如寒暑假统筹机制。P8：“希望是在寒暑假的时候多举办一些，因为这段时间小孩与老人都放假，时间比较充裕”。本研究发现，老年群体存在显著的心理服务需求缺口，受访者表示需关注老年人心理状态，增强老年人心理健康支持，为老年人提供专业的心理指导与帮助。P19：“多提供由精神科医生、心理咨询师和志愿者构成的心理咨询资源，让心理有障碍的老人可以得到一定的帮助”。质性研究分析显示，轻度认知障碍老年人既需要专业服务，也渴望获得日常心理疏导。这种分层支持体系既能应对抑郁、焦虑等临床问题，也可通过预防性干预提升老年人整体心理健康水平。
本研究发现，现行制度存在明显的年龄区别现象。如退休年龄的限制，P14：“建立基于健康评估的弹性退休制度，对认知功能良好、身体状况达标的老年人可取消强制退休年龄，根据意愿选择退休年龄”；文娱活动的年龄限制，P20：“现有社团活动普遍设置45岁年龄上限，可以增加老年组，拓宽年龄限制，增设老年组别”。突破年龄壁垒不仅释放老年人力资源潜力，更是构建包容性社会的重要实践。
3　讨论
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3.1　认知偏差与教育模式的构建
在本研究中，受访者对老年轻度认知障碍以及代际共融的认识，呈现出明显的经验化倾向。他们大多依据自身生活经验理解这些概念，缺乏对其科学、系统的认识。Antonucci等[16]的社会Convoy理论表示，家庭被赋予干预责任，核心家庭成员具有非替代性干预价值，其持续的情感交流能激活病人的心理安全感，这种依恋关系的存续可能通过神经可塑性机制影响认知功能代偿[17]。但社会对认知障碍经验化的判断倾向，易产生轻度认知障碍“污名化”认识，如将轻度认知障碍认为是痴呆，导致轻度认知障碍老年人被过度保护或被排斥[18]，如P11因担心安全而限制老年人外出，反而加速老年人社交衰退，破坏轻度认知障碍老年人的自我效能，影响代际支持的效果。另一方面，医学知识的缺乏导致干预策略呈现“工具化”倾向，仅使用提示卡片却忽视认知训练可能错失早期干预窗口。提示可构建医学叙事与生活叙事相结合的教育机制，通过科普教育重塑对认知障碍的认知框架，例如美国阿尔茨海默病协会开发的污名意识和教育课程，课程涵盖了从污名化的影响到挑战污名化的现实场景，通过课程干预改善病人和家属对认知障碍的态度[19]。另外，代际共融也是消除偏见的教育方式。研究显示，代际共融让不同年龄段的人能够近距离接触认知障碍病人，可改变他们基于片面认知形成的刻板印象，促进对痴呆病症更准确、更全面的认识[20-21]。未来可结合实际情况，关注认知障碍“去污名化”，制定向社会开放的认知障碍教育课程，促进认知障碍老年人的社会融合。
3.2　代际共融的理想愿景与实践困境
代际共融的高支持率与实施顾虑折射出代际共融的实践困境。尽管受访者普遍认同“双向赋能”价值，即通过共情与老年人重建情感联结并培养孩子的同理心与社会责任感，但安全风险与时间成本制约着代际共融的深度发展。本研究表示，儿童身心安全主要体现在低龄儿童群体间，参与者希望在确保安全的前提下，儿童能够接受专业引导。考虑到婴幼儿时期的儿童认知与语言能力处于发展时期，与认知障碍病人认知训练有协同之处，建议未来可参考蒙台梭利活动[22]，强化代际共融认知训练的双向收益。时间成本这种矛盾在社区实践中尤为显著，可尝试寒暑假统筹机制，或建立“时间银行”模式下的跨代志愿服务积分体系，破解时间成本约束，旨在增强代际群体间的交流。此外，以节日为载体的活动虽具文化凝聚力，却难以突破仪式化互动的浅表性。本研究建议引入参与式设计理念，打破传统的组织者设计受访者执行单向模式，让代际群体共同定义活动目标与活动形式。
3.3　制度优化与创新的挑战
目前，我国意识到需要从社区层面加强对认知障碍的认识，改善认知障碍老年人的生活质量。上海是率先开启认知友好社区构建的城市[23]，随后北京、南京、天津、杭州等城市也陆续开始了认知友好社区的探索性建设[24]。但是国内对“去污名化”认知友好社区的研究还处于探索阶段，还需时间打磨。此外，当前家庭与社区的实践现状暴露出现有支持系统的结构性漏洞。核心家庭的空间阻隔导致代际支持脱离家庭日常化场景，社区资源分散导致干预效果不佳。受访者提出的需求与创新诉求具有重要启示。未来可考虑时间安排、心理需求、年龄限制等因素，发展“代际友好型”公共政策。
4　小结
收起
本研究通过对年轻父母的定性研究，揭示了其对老年轻度认知障碍的认识和代际共融的实践现状，拓展了代际共融的阐释框架。年轻父母对轻度认知障碍的认识多基于生活经验，存在偏差，虽对代际共融支持度高，但实践中面临诸多问题。家庭、社区在实施代际共融方面作用发挥不足，需要优化互动模式，协调社会资源，以此提高轻度认知障碍老年人社会支持。但本研究存在样本局限性，未来需扩大样本范围并开展定量研究，以深入了解代际共融效果，推动代际共融在应对老龄化社会问题中发挥更大作用。

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2026年第40卷第7期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.018
  • 接收时间：2025-07-01
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-01
  • 修回日期：2026-03-09
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    1南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院，南京医科大学无锡医学中心，无锡市人民医院，江苏 214043
    2南京医科大学护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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