Article(id=1322168330388095157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751299200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-01, revisedDate=1772899200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159094664, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159094664, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159094664, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159094664, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1130, endPage=1135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168332212617398, articleId=1322168330388095157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Conceptual analysis of food literacy in diabetic patients, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the definition and connotation of food literacy in diabetic patients and to provide reference for the dietary management of diabetic patients.

Methods

Relevant literature from databases such as CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,KISS,Cochrane Library,and EMbase were systematically retrieved.The Rodgers' evolutionary conceptual analysis method was used for conceptual analysis.

Results

A total of 31 papers were included,involving 2 Chinese papers and 28 English papers.The conceptual attributes of food literacy in diabetic patients included three aspects:emotional connection,health belief,and decision-making autonomy.The prerequisites included four aspects:sociodemographic factors,physiological factors,psychological factors,and cultural factors.The consequences included the impacts on patients,families,and the medical and health system.

Conclusions

This study clarified the concept of food literacy in diabetic patients,provided direction and reference for the exploration of related research.It is helpful for developing local assessment tools,exploring new models of food literacy intervention,improving the blood sugar level of diabetes patients,and reducing complications.

, authors=Yanping LI1, Zhao LIU2, Yinji JIN1, authorsList=Yanping LI, Zhao LIU, Yinji JIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinji JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIN Yinji, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168332824985785, articleId=1322168330388095157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=糖尿病病人食物素养的概念分析, columnId=1322165052220748414, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=理论研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析糖尿病病人食物素养定义和内涵,为糖尿病病人饮食管理提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、KISS、Cochrane Library、EMbase等数据库中的相关文献,利用Rodgers演化概念分析法对其进行概念分析。

结果

共纳入31篇文献,其中中文文献3篇,英文文献28篇。糖尿病病人食物素养的概念属性包括情感联结、健康信念、决策自主3个方面;前因包括社会人口学因素、生理因素、心理因素、文化因素4个方面;后果包括对病人、对家庭以及对医疗卫生系统的影响。

结论

本研究明确了糖尿病病人食物素养的概念,为相关研究的探索提供了方向和参考,有助于开发本土化评估工具,探索食物素养干预的新模式,改善糖尿病病人血糖水平,减少并发症的发生。

, authors=李艳萍1, 刘朝2, 金银姬1, *, *, authorsList=李艳萍, 刘朝, 金银姬, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=金银姬, authorNote=

李艳萍,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
金银姬,E-mail:
JIN Yinji, E-mail:
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糖尿病病人食物素养的概念分析
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李艳萍 1 , 刘朝 2 , 金银姬 1, *, *
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(7): 1130-1135
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1130 -1135
糖尿病病人食物素养的概念分析
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李艳萍1, 刘朝2, 金银姬1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1延边大学护理学院,吉林 133000
  • 2延边大学附属医院(延边医院)
通讯作者:
金银姬,E-mail:
JIN Yinji, E-mail:
作者简介:

李艳萍,硕士研究生在读

Conceptual analysis of food literacy in diabetic patients
Yanping LI1, Zhao LIU2, Yinji JIN1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Yanbian University, Jilin 133000 China
  • 2Yanbian University Hospital(Yanbian Hospital)
  • Corresponding Author:
    JIN Yinji, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.009
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目的

分析糖尿病病人食物素养定义和内涵,为糖尿病病人饮食管理提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、KISS、Cochrane Library、EMbase等数据库中的相关文献,利用Rodgers演化概念分析法对其进行概念分析。

结果

共纳入31篇文献,其中中文文献3篇,英文文献28篇。糖尿病病人食物素养的概念属性包括情感联结、健康信念、决策自主3个方面;前因包括社会人口学因素、生理因素、心理因素、文化因素4个方面;后果包括对病人、对家庭以及对医疗卫生系统的影响。

结论

本研究明确了糖尿病病人食物素养的概念,为相关研究的探索提供了方向和参考,有助于开发本土化评估工具,探索食物素养干预的新模式,改善糖尿病病人血糖水平,减少并发症的发生。

糖尿病  /  食物素养  /  概念分析
Objective

To analyze the definition and connotation of food literacy in diabetic patients and to provide reference for the dietary management of diabetic patients.

Methods

Relevant literature from databases such as CNKI,WanFang Database,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,KISS,Cochrane Library,and EMbase were systematically retrieved.The Rodgers' evolutionary conceptual analysis method was used for conceptual analysis.

Results

A total of 31 papers were included,involving 2 Chinese papers and 28 English papers.The conceptual attributes of food literacy in diabetic patients included three aspects:emotional connection,health belief,and decision-making autonomy.The prerequisites included four aspects:sociodemographic factors,physiological factors,psychological factors,and cultural factors.The consequences included the impacts on patients,families,and the medical and health system.

Conclusions

This study clarified the concept of food literacy in diabetic patients,provided direction and reference for the exploration of related research.It is helpful for developing local assessment tools,exploring new models of food literacy intervention,improving the blood sugar level of diabetes patients,and reducing complications.

diabetes  /  food literacy  /  conceptual analysis
李艳萍, 刘朝, 金银姬. 糖尿病病人食物素养的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1130 -1135 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.009
Yanping LI, Zhao LIU, Yinji JIN. Conceptual analysis of food literacy in diabetic patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1130 -1135 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.009
根据国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)发布的全球糖尿病地图(第11版)显示,全球目前有5.89亿例成年人患有糖尿病,其中约有2.52亿人不知道自己患有糖尿病,预计到2050年,成年糖尿病病例数将上升至8.53亿例[1]。1990—2022年,全球糖尿病患病率呈显著上升趋势[2]。糖尿病是一组以碳水化合物代谢紊乱为特征、与营养密切相关的代谢性疾病,病人自我护理和健康饮食受食物素养(food literacy,FL)影响[3-4]。食物素养作为慢性病管理的重要组成部分,是指为满足营养需求、做出正确营养选择,在规划、管理、选择、准备和食用食物过程中所需的知识、技能和行为的综合,提高食物素养被认为是选择健康食物、维持健康的关键要素[4-5]。低食物素养以及对食物素养技能的使用缺乏信心是健康饮食的障碍[6]。因此,提高食物素养水平和养成可持续的饮食习惯有助于降低患糖尿病的风险。同时,糖尿病作为慢性病,可以通过适当的营养管理和治疗[7]。良好的食物素养对糖尿病预防和疾病控制有重要意义[8]。然而,针对糖尿病病人食物素养的这一概念始终没有明确的定义,缺乏统一的标准,随着时间概念也在不断演变的问题在多种情境下均会出现[9]。因此,本研究通过Rodgers的演化概念分析法[10]对糖尿病病人的食物素养概念进行深入分析,以期为后续糖尿病病人食物素养相关研究提供参考。
以“糖尿病”“糖尿病病人”“糖尿病人群”“糖尿病患者”“食物素养”“食品素养”为中文检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库;以“diabetes mellitus”“DM”“diabetes”“diabetes patients”“diabetes population”“food literacy”为英文检索词,检索PubMed、Web of Science、KISS、Cochrane Library、EMbase等数据库,检索时限为建库至2025年5月31日。
纳入标准:1)研究对象为糖尿病病人;2)研究内容涉及食物素养的相关文献;3)研究文献为中文、英文、韩文文献。排除标准:1)会议、专利、学术报告;2)重复发表的文献;3)无法阅读全文及无法获取的文献。
由2名经过培训的硕士研究生独立阅读题目、摘要、全文筛选文献,如遇分歧,与第3名研究人员讨论达成一致后,由研究人员提取资料并运用Rodgers演化概念分析法[10]对其进行概念分析。
共检索到相关文献2 189篇,去除重复文献1 045篇,阅读题目和摘要后剩余97篇文献,阅读全文后剩余26篇文献,扩充后新增文献5篇,最终纳入31篇文献,包括3篇中文文献、28篇英文文献。
食物素养在公共健康、教育和工业领域应用广泛,但缺乏统一定义[11]。随着慢性病管理理念的兴起,食物素养这一术语近年来愈发受到关注,是从更广泛的健康素养概念演变而来的[12]。食物素养的定义可追溯到2001年,Kolasa等[13]将其定义为个人获取、解读和理解基本食物与营养信息及服务的能力,以及以增进健康的方式运用这些信息和服务的技能。2014年,Vidgen等[14]对食物素养进行定义,将其定义为“使个人、家庭、社区或国家能够通过改变保护饮食质量,并随着时间推移增强饮食适应力的框架”。同年,Widener等[15]进一步提出了“系统食物素养”这一术语,意味着食物素养需要对食物系统及其相关的社会和经济问题有深入的理解。2015年,Cullen等[5]对食物素养进行了定义,即个体理解食物并与之建立积极关系的能力,包含食物技能和实践、食物系统中的认知等,同时需考虑环境、社会、经济文化等多方面因素,从而实现个人健康与可持续食物系统的决策能力。2016年,Krause等[16]通过对营养素养和食物素养定义的系统性分析发现,营养素养主要聚焦理解营养信息的能力,食物素养涵盖了更广泛的理论和实践知识及技能,营养素养可被视为食物素养的一个子集,食物素养更适合描述维持健康、合理的营养行为所需的一系列技能。2017年,Truman等[11]从食物素养的新定义确定了技能和行为、食物或健康选择、文化、知识、情感、食物系统六大主题,从不同方面体现了其内涵。2020年,Park等[17]提出了食物素养二维概念框架,将食物素养的概念细分为24个领域,全面、系统地展示了食物素养的概念内涵。2021年,Yoo等[18]基于Nut beam的健康素养核心概念,提出食物素养的3个核心概念,即功能性食物素养(个人获取、理解和使用食品信息的能力)、互动性食物素养(与他人就食品问题沟通协作、享受食物多样性并发展健康关系的能力)、批判性食物素养(对食品进行批判性评估判断,认识到食品选择对社会和环境影响的能力)。2022年,Bastami等[4]开发了糖尿病病人特异性量表,并从5个维度评估病人的食物素养水平。2024年,O'Brien等[19]研究指出,未来的食物素养干预措施应基于坚实的理论框架进行设计,以确保涵盖促进食物素养所需的广泛知识和实践技能。
一个概念有多种替代术语作为其表达形式,相关术语也可以用于表达多个概念[10]。通过文献阅读发现,糖尿病病人食物素养的替代词为糖尿病病人食品素养,相关词为糖尿病病人营养素养[16]、糖尿病病人健康素养[18]。
研究显示,20~40岁病人营养素养得分最高;随着年龄的增长,病人接受营养知识与食物标签阅读能力呈下降趋势[20]。
研究表明,高中以上学历获取糖尿病饮食知识方面更有优势[21]。Chen等[22]研究也显示,专科及以上学历病人饮食技能得分高于小学及以下学历者。
张杰等[20]研究发现,城镇病人营养素养得分高于农村,可能是因为城镇获取食物资源的方式和途径更便捷。
研究表明,随着病人患病时间的延长,病人在日常生活中和医护的饮食建议中会逐渐积累饮食管理经验,从而提升食物素养。
研究显示,经济能力较高的病人容易接触到更多营养资源,并选择更健康的食材[23]。
家人的鼓励、同伴的交流使病人获取了更多的食物知识和健康饮食经验,促进病人饮食行为的改变,有助于提升病人食物素养[24-25]。
研究表明,疾病相关因素影响病人对食物的选择[23-24,26-27]。糖尿病确诊病人对疾病的认知影响他们食物的选择[27]。病人重视食物对血糖的影响,这种对疾病的认知影响了他们获取食物信息的方式和食物选择[23]。疾病病理状态促使病人更关注食物的营养成分和搭配,进而影响病人在食物选择上的素养[24]。
Stroud等[28]研究显示,糖尿病病人对自身疾病的关注与期望会推动自己主动学习食物知识和烹饪技能。Itzkovitz等[23]研究也发现,糖尿病病人在烹饪方面的自信心使其更可能采取健康的食物行为。当病人认为自己有能力管理疾病时,更愿意主动改变饮食习惯[24]。此外,疾病带来的心理负担和焦虑也会直接影响病人在社交场合中与食物相关的行为与决策[29]。
不同民族、国家的饮食习惯不同,病人也会展现出不同的食物素养水平。Tefera等[30]研究埃塞俄比亚1所医院的2型糖尿病病人发现,大多数病人不能从营养成分表中确定碳水化合物含量,原因是营养标签常见于包装和加工食品上,这类食品在发达国家广泛使用,而在发展中国家并不常见。
属性是使人们能够识别可归类于该概念情况下的一组特征[31]。通过分析文献,可将属性归为情感联结、健康信念、决策自主3个属性。
对于非糖尿病人群来说,用餐是放松、享受的。然而,对于糖尿病病人而言,每次用餐都有可能伴随着压力、焦虑、挫败感。Buchmann等[32]研究显示,糖尿病病人对喜爱的食物会表现出既渴望又努力克制的矛盾心理,节制让他们痛苦,无奈且不满,这极大地影响了病人的饮食体验,甚至降低病人对食物的喜爱程度[29]。
病人对食物健康影响的认知直接影响其饮食行为[4]。病人普遍认同饮食对血糖控制的重要性[23],相信合理饮食对疾病管理具有积极作用[33]。Stroud等[28]一项对糖尿病病人果蔬意向选择的研究发现,参与者为了改善自身健康、控制血糖等因素加入项目,后在项目中了解到食物的益处后,一半以上人选择了使自己健康的新食物。而食物健康信念不强的糖尿病病人存在不健康的饮食行为,疾病控制不好反映出其食物素养存在不足[34]。
由于疾病管理的驱动,大部分病人会自主准备饮食[23]。高食物素养的病人会主动阅读食物标签(成分、热量、有效期等)自主决策,而非接受他人推荐;低素养者则可能因不相信营养信息、缺乏兴趣与时间等忽视标签,往往依赖他人(如医护人员)建议[4]。
后果是在实际情况中使用该概念所产生的结果[31]。糖尿病病人的食物素养带来的结果主要包括对病人本身的影响、对家庭的影响及对医疗卫生保健系统的影响3部分。
饮食习惯健康能有效地实现碳水化合物、蛋白质和健康脂肪的平衡摄入[20]。同时,拥有健康的饮食认知与均衡的营养有助于更好地控制血糖、改善临床指标、降低并发症发生风险[4,33]。病人在进行膳食计划时,会通过阅读食物标签增长食物相关内容的知识,也增强康复及病情控制的信心[28],从而提高自我管理能力,改善心理状态,提高生活质量[25]。
带动家庭改变饮食习惯、推动家庭共同选择更健康、物美价廉的食物,减轻家庭经济负担,形成统一的健康行为认知,同时又可以监督病人的饮食行为,提高病人的饮食依从性,提高家庭整体的食物素养,有助于形成良好的家庭饮食氛围,增强家庭整体健康意识,并推动家庭成员整体健康水平的提高[7,25]。
病人食物素养的提高帮助病人减少对医疗资源的依赖,如减少治疗费用、缩短住院时间、减少住院次数等,糖尿病作为慢性病之一,病人食物素养的提高,更多的是推动社区慢性病健康素养管理,有助于医疗资源的合理分配,减轻医疗系统在糖尿病病人管理中的负担[7,26]。
糖尿病病人食物素养评估量表是于2022年由伊朗学者Bastami等[4]开发,旨在评估糖尿病病人食物素养,并分析其心理测量学特征,从而帮助医护人员更好地提高糖尿病病人的食物素养。该量表涵盖阅读食物信息、食物分类、计算食物热量、理解食物对健康的影响、准备食物5个维度,共33个项目,量表采用混合评分方式,主观自评采用Likert 5级评分法,“完全不符合”至“完全符合”分别计1~5分,部分条目为反向计分,客观知识测试通过二分类评分法进行评分,答对计1分,答错计0分,评分越高代表糖尿病病人食物素养水平越高。该问卷进行了专家评审和认知访谈,内容效度比(CVR)>0.62,Cronbach's α系数为0.83,探索性因子分析KMO值为0.84,累计方差贡献率为52.75%,验证性因子分析结果显示模型拟合良好。充分验证了该量表具有良好的信效度,是目前已知较早的糖尿病病人的食物素养测评工具。
糖尿病病人饮食与食物素养行为问卷是于2024年由美国学者Ludwig等[33]编制,旨在帮助研究者和专业人员更好地了解2型糖尿病病人食物行为和食物素养技能相关内容,从而制定个性化医学营养治疗(MNT)计划,提高病人的治疗和护理水平。该问卷为自评问卷,包括健康与营养、口味、食物准备、计划与决策、便利性、计算碳水化合物和阅读标签、糖尿病食物的选择7个维度,共25个条目,采用Likert 4级评分法进行评分,各条目“从不”“偶尔”“经常”“总是”依次计1、2、3、4分。量表各维度的Cronbach's α系数均>0.6,信度可接受。目前暂未检索到该问卷的汉化版本,未来可进行该问卷的跨文化调适,以开发适合评价我国2型糖尿病病人食物素养的问卷。
病人,李女士,45岁,是家族遗传性2型糖尿病病人,母亲患有糖尿病,父亲患有高血压,通过自己的不懈努力,她选择在1所医院的内分泌科从事护理专业,她认为糖尿病病人最大的痛苦莫过于“想吃不能吃”,所以她要去帮助他们,她知道2型糖尿病最重要的是饮食管理,同时辅助药物治疗,只有这样血糖才能更加平稳,疾病才能更好地得到控制。她不仅仅是1名护士,更是1名营养学家,她充分利用所学到的知识对内分泌科以及身边的糖尿病病人进行食物素养的指导,包括培养病人对健康饮食的兴趣,讲解食物的来源和营养价值的利用、如何好好阅读食品标签,并亲自实践录制烹饪视频帮助病人提升烹饪技能等多方面内容,通过传播,内分泌科的大部分糖尿病病人及身边亲人朋友的食物素养水平都得到了提高,病人的血糖也得到了平稳的控制,她觉得自己的成果得到了验证,内心洋溢着满满的幸福感。
通过对糖尿病病人食物素养进行概念演化分析,可得出在社会人口学、生理、心理、文化等多因素作用下,使得病人拥有一个健康的食物信念,对食物的态度充满热情和敬畏,以及运用知识和技能实现食物自由选择、烹饪自主的一个过程,后果包括对病人自身、对家庭以及对医疗卫生系统的影响。糖尿病病人食物素养概念框架图见图1。
食物素养是一个多层次、多维度的概念,在不同领域的概念有所不同,但核心思想基本保持一致,它不仅可以用于糖尿病病人,在不同国家、不同地区,其在不同的病人和人群领域也逐渐发展,其内涵也在不断地完善和深化。在不同文化背景下其表现形式也各不相同。研究表明,其在公共、环境与职业健康和营养与饮食学等领域应用较多[35]。但目前国内针对糖尿病病人的相关研究较少,且更多集中在营养素养方面,两者相互交叉又有不同,食物素养相关研究处于起步阶段。食物素养不仅关乎个人的身体健康,还与环境的可持续发展、社会的公平正义密不可分,食物素养水平的提高能推动资源合理利用,同时会使食物分配体系更加完善[16-17]。
Abrams等[29]研究表明,目前针对1型糖尿病的饮食教育仅停留在碳水化合物的计算和一般的健康饮食上,在食物相互作用及对血糖的影响食物素养方面有所缺失。Saengrut等[34]基于合作学习的食物素养提升项目(CLFLEP)在老年2型糖尿病病人中进行试验,结果发现,此项目有助于提高病人食物素养水平,养成健康饮食行为,降低糖化血红蛋白水平。Lim等[36]开展了针对1型糖尿病青少年“教学厨房”项目的试点研究,结果表明,“教学厨房”项目能够提升饮食质量,改善食物选择和行为,通过减少高能量、低营养的外卖食品摄入,增加蔬菜和水果的摄取,促进健康的食物选择和饮食习惯。
FLQD和EFLBQ-D的开发为该领域的研究提供了一种更标准化的测量方法,通过量表评估糖尿病病人食物素养水平,帮助医护人员了解病人饮食自我管理能力,改善饮食行为,有助于更好地控制血糖水平,预防和延缓糖尿病并发症的发生发展[33,37]。但二者也有其局限性,FLQD的开发时间受传染病防控管理的影响,通过电话访谈完成,且样本主要是当地居民,具有同质性,因此可能会造成结果偏倚[4]。EFLBQ-D的研究对象主要是当地白人,种族多样性欠缺,且问卷采用主观自评方式进行,缺乏客观指标[33]。2个测评工具的样本量单一,开发时间较晚,未来需要大量数据完善量表,并在更多国家、民族的糖尿病病人中进行研究,包括对量表的改进、验证等,以增强量表的信效度。
食物素养是糖尿病病人控制血糖、减少并发症的关键影响因素。本研究通过对糖尿病病人食物素养的概念进行清晰地分析,从概念演化、前因、属性、后果、评估工具、典型案例等进行分析,帮助研究者对其概念得到一个更清晰、明确的认知,从而为相关领域的探索提供一个理论体系和指导。目前,我国糖尿病病人食物素养水平现状、影响因素以及干预措施等内容有待进一步探索,2个量表需要大量数据对其进行质量评价检验,且目前尚未检索到中文版糖尿病病人食物素养测评工具,亟须对量表进行跨文化调适,以增强其适用性,趣味教育有望成为未来更好地提高食物素养水平的研究方向。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.009
  • 接收时间:2025-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01
  • 修回日期:2026-03-08
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    1延边大学护理学院,吉林 133000
    2延边大学附属医院(延边医院)

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金银姬,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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