Article(id=1322168017312657909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167989802217791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=1769875200000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159020020, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159020020, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159020020, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159020020, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167989802217791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='529', pageEnd='704', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159013461, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159013461, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=625, endPage=632, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168017547538934, articleId=1322168017312657909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Status quo and influencing factors of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the status quo and influencing factors of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women.

Methods

Using the convenience sampling method,a total of 463 postpartum women who underwent postpartum follow-up in two tertiary grade A hospitals in Zhuhai city,Guangdong province from October 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the survey subjects.The general information questionnaire for postpartum women,the City Birth Trauma Scale(CityBiTS),and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) were used for the investigation.

Results

Among the 463 postpartum women,the prevalence rate of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety was 6.91%.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the mode of delivery,pain during delivery,and stress factors were the influencing factors for the comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression,and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence rate of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women was relatively high.Medical staff should pay attention to the mode of delivery,pain during delivery,and stress conditions of parturients,and take effective measures to reduce the incidence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression,and postpartum anxiety.

, authors=Zhihui CAO1, 2, Jia LI1, authorsList=Zhihui CAO, Jia LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jia LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Jia, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168018101187065, articleId=1322168017312657909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑共病患病现状及其影响因素, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病现状及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月—2024年1月广东省珠海市2所三级甲等医院产后复检的463例产妇为调查对象,采用产妇一般资料调查表、城市分娩创伤量表、抑郁焦虑压力自评量表简表进行调查。

结果

463例产妇中产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病检出率为6.91%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇分娩方式、分娩疼痛和压力因素是产妇创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病率较高。医务人员应关注产妇分娩方式、分娩疼痛以及压力因素,采取有效措施降低产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病发生率。

, authors=曹智慧1, 2, 李佳1, *, *, authorsList=曹智慧, 李佳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李佳, authorNote=

曹智慧,主管护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
李佳,E-mail:
LI Jia, E-mail:
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Hospital of Zunyi(The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University)), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530036083708513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, companyId=1322530036050154079, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2遵义市第一人民医院(遵义医科大学第三附属医院))])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530039296545399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Flowchart of variable selection process, figureFileSmall=zz5Xc1TrhySwAxd+K2o2IQ==, figureFileBig=acPTVmSlDyPrWzeQIELA4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530039367848568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=CN, label=图1, caption=变量筛选流程图

(A为交叉验证参数λ选择过程图;B为LASSO筛选变量动态过程图)

, figureFileSmall=zz5Xc1TrhySwAxd+K2o2IQ==, figureFileBig=acPTVmSlDyPrWzeQIELA4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530039468511865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors for comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类产后创伤后
应激障碍(n=58)
产后抑郁(n=111)产后焦虑(n=131)产后创伤后应激障碍、产后
抑郁、产后焦虑共病(n=32)
年龄20~25岁1323249
26~35岁40769020
36~45岁512173
P0.1830.1660.5730.156
婚姻状况未婚3553
已婚5410412328
离异1231
P0.1300.0320.0060.003
文化程度硕士研究生及以上1660
本科/专科30586716
高中/中专1732439
初中及以下1015157
P0.8880.2960.0800.605
工作状态无业34607020
有固定工作24516112
P0.0080.0050.0030.018
人均月收入≤5 000元17323812
>5 000~8 000元1948569
>8 000元22313711
P0.3340.3070.2440.154
精神心理病史否5610812730
是2342
P0.3750.5070.2770.067
经历亲密伴侣暴力否499311225
是918197
P0.0560.0020.0070.007
分离恐惧否1951589
是39607323
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
应对能力较好1427376
差44849426
P0.002<0.001<0.0010.005
初次分娩否23506012
是35617120
P0.2260.6220.7280.260
不良孕产史否509310426
是818276
P0.5060.8390.1740.766
经历消极分娩否1352598
是45597224
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
产前抑郁否2039578
是38727424
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
孕期健康状况较好19414610
差39708522
P0.004<0.001<0.0010.024
分娩知识较好1729379
一般36748620
差5883
P0.020<0.001<0.0010.084
分娩方式阴道分娩31667514
剖宫产19314712
经阴道分娩转剖宫产81496
P0.0400.0160.4630.009
孩子性别是否和期待相符否1633389
是42789323
P0.1150.0030.0020.225
新生儿并发症否5410512430
是4672
P0.0440.0570.0380.222
妊娠期合并症否34728117
是24395015
P0.1850.7120.2010.102
分娩损伤否33738217
是25384915
P0.0280.3500.0480.039
家庭支持较好30507214
差28615918
P0.002<0.001<0.0010.001
医护关怀较好30587217
一般26485214
差2571
P0.043<0.001<0.0010.271
分娩恐惧否624264
是528710528
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
分娩后睡眠较好513122
一般26436314
差27555616
P<0.001<0.001<0.0010.001
再次怀孕意愿是1123316
否478810026
P0.0160.0020.0080.079
分娩疼痛可以忍受24547310
无法忍受34575822
P<0.001<0.0010.010<0.001
压力因素无2248604
有36637128
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530039564980858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

产妇发生产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类产后创伤后
应激障碍(n=58)
产后抑郁(n=111)产后焦虑(n=131)产后创伤后应激障碍、产后
抑郁、产后焦虑共病(n=32)
年龄20~25岁1323249
26~35岁40769020
36~45岁512173
P0.1830.1660.5730.156
婚姻状况未婚3553
已婚5410412328
离异1231
P0.1300.0320.0060.003
文化程度硕士研究生及以上1660
本科/专科30586716
高中/中专1732439
初中及以下1015157
P0.8880.2960.0800.605
工作状态无业34607020
有固定工作24516112
P0.0080.0050.0030.018
人均月收入≤5 000元17323812
>5 000~8 000元1948569
>8 000元22313711
P0.3340.3070.2440.154
精神心理病史否5610812730
是2342
P0.3750.5070.2770.067
经历亲密伴侣暴力否499311225
是918197
P0.0560.0020.0070.007
分离恐惧否1951589
是39607323
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
应对能力较好1427376
差44849426
P0.002<0.001<0.0010.005
初次分娩否23506012
是35617120
P0.2260.6220.7280.260
不良孕产史否509310426
是818276
P0.5060.8390.1740.766
经历消极分娩否1352598
是45597224
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
产前抑郁否2039578
是38727424
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
孕期健康状况较好19414610
差39708522
P0.004<0.001<0.0010.024
分娩知识较好1729379
一般36748620
差5883
P0.020<0.001<0.0010.084
分娩方式阴道分娩31667514
剖宫产19314712
经阴道分娩转剖宫产81496
P0.0400.0160.4630.009
孩子性别是否和期待相符否1633389
是42789323
P0.1150.0030.0020.225
新生儿并发症否5410512430
是4672
P0.0440.0570.0380.222
妊娠期合并症否34728117
是24395015
P0.1850.7120.2010.102
分娩损伤否33738217
是25384915
P0.0280.3500.0480.039
家庭支持较好30507214
差28615918
P0.002<0.001<0.0010.001
医护关怀较好30587217
一般26485214
差2571
P0.043<0.001<0.0010.271
分娩恐惧否624264
是528710528
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
分娩后睡眠较好513122
一般26436314
差27555616
P<0.001<0.001<0.0010.001
再次怀孕意愿是1123316
否478810026
P0.0160.0020.0080.079
分娩疼痛可以忍受24547310
无法忍受34575822
P<0.001<0.0010.010<0.001
压力因素无2248604
有36637128
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530039669838459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment of variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
精神心理病史否=0,是=1
分离恐惧否=0,是=1
应对能力较好=0,差=1
经历消极分娩否=0,是=1
产前抑郁否=0,是=1
分娩方式阴道分娩=(0,0),剖宫产=(1,0),经阴道分娩转剖宫产(0,1)
家庭支持较好=0,差=1
分娩疼痛可以忍受=0,无法忍受=1
压力因素无=0,有=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322530039736947324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
精神心理病史否=0,是=1
分离恐惧否=0,是=1
应对能力较好=0,差=1
经历消极分娩否=0,是=1
产前抑郁否=0,是=1
分娩方式阴道分娩=(0,0),剖宫产=(1,0),经阴道分娩转剖宫产(0,1)
家庭支持较好=0,差=1
分娩疼痛可以忍受=0,无法忍受=1
压力因素无=0,有=1
), ArticleFig(id=1322530039812444797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类回归系数标准误Wald χ²值POR值95%CI
常量-6.670.8857.62<0.01
压力因素3.360.6526.59<0.0128.89[8.04,103.74]
分娩方式经阴道分娩转剖宫产1.770.814.760.035.86[1.20,28.75]
剖宫产1.470.586.500.014.36[1.40,13.51]
分娩疼痛1.280.565.270.023.61[1.21,10.80]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530039875359358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168017312657909, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病影响因素的Logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类回归系数标准误Wald χ²值POR值95%CI
常量-6.670.8857.62<0.01
压力因素3.360.6526.59<0.0128.89[8.04,103.74]
分娩方式经阴道分娩转剖宫产1.770.814.760.035.86[1.20,28.75]
剖宫产1.470.586.500.014.36[1.40,13.51]
分娩疼痛1.280.565.270.023.61[1.21,10.80]
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产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑共病患病现状及其影响因素
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曹智慧 1, 2 , 李佳 1, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(4): 625-632
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 625 -632
产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑共病患病现状及其影响因素
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曹智慧1, 2, 李佳1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1遵义医科大学珠海校区(护理学系),广东 519041
  • 2遵义市第一人民医院(遵义医科大学第三附属医院)
通讯作者:
李佳,E-mail:
LI Jia, E-mail:
作者简介:

曹智慧,主管护师,硕士研究生

Status quo and influencing factors of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women
Zhihui CAO1, 2, Jia LI1
Affiliations
  • 1Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041 China
  • 2The First People's Hospital of Zunyi(The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University)
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI Jia, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.014
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目的

探索产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病现状及影响因素。

方法

采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月—2024年1月广东省珠海市2所三级甲等医院产后复检的463例产妇为调查对象,采用产妇一般资料调查表、城市分娩创伤量表、抑郁焦虑压力自评量表简表进行调查。

结果

463例产妇中产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病检出率为6.91%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,产妇分娩方式、分娩疼痛和压力因素是产妇创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病率较高。医务人员应关注产妇分娩方式、分娩疼痛以及压力因素,采取有效措施降低产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病发生率。

产后精神障碍  /  产后创伤后应激障碍  /  产后抑郁  /  产后焦虑  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the status quo and influencing factors of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women.

Methods

Using the convenience sampling method,a total of 463 postpartum women who underwent postpartum follow-up in two tertiary grade A hospitals in Zhuhai city,Guangdong province from October 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the survey subjects.The general information questionnaire for postpartum women,the City Birth Trauma Scale(CityBiTS),and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) were used for the investigation.

Results

Among the 463 postpartum women,the prevalence rate of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety was 6.91%.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the mode of delivery,pain during delivery,and stress factors were the influencing factors for the comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression,and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The prevalence rate of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women was relatively high.Medical staff should pay attention to the mode of delivery,pain during delivery,and stress conditions of parturients,and take effective measures to reduce the incidence of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression,and postpartum anxiety.

postpartum psychiatric disorders  /  postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder  /  postpartum depression  /  postpartum anxiety  /  influencing factors
曹智慧, 李佳. 产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、抑郁、焦虑共病患病现状及其影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (4) : 625 -632 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.014
Zhihui CAO, Jia LI. Status quo and influencing factors of comorbidity of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder,postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety in postpartum women[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (4) : 625 -632 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.014
产后精神障碍(postpartum psychiatric disorders,PPDs)是产妇分娩后6周内出现的精神和行为障碍,包括产后创伤后应激障碍(postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder)、产后抑郁(postpartum depression)和产后焦虑(postpartum anxiety),严重者甚至可能会引发产后精神病等[1]。产后精神障碍会使产妇在情绪与认知方面出现持续负面情绪、认知功能受损、自我否定和低自尊,进而导致社交隔离和家庭关系紧张,增加其他心理疾病风险,阻碍心理健康恢复进程[2]。全球每年至少有4 000万产妇分娩后会出现长期心理健康问题[3]。因此,世界卫生组织(WHO)围产期心理健康计划[4]和国家卫生健康委最新发布的《关于推进生育友好医院建设的意见》[5]中均提出将产妇心理健康问题纳入重点关注和预防领域。报道显示,产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑全球患病率分别为1.1%~6.8%、11.0%~17.0%、9.0%~24.0%[3],我国产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑患病率为8.4%、14.8%、17.5%[6-8]。研究发现,产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑紧密相关,互为独立风险因素且常常共同出现[9]。然而,目前国内外研究主要集中在单一病种精神障碍[7,10-11],而产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共存可能会加剧女性已经经历的心理困扰,使疾病痛苦的病程永久化,持续存在,并导致预后不良[12-13]。本研究旨在深入了解产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病现状及影响因素,以期为产妇制定相关个性化护理措施提供参考依据。
采用便利抽样法,选取2023年10月—2024年1月广东省珠海市2所三级甲等医院产后42~56 d复检的463例产妇为调查对象进行问卷调查。纳入标准:1)年龄≥20岁;2)分娩后42~56 d的产妇;3)产妇和家属有一定的理解、语言表达能力和书写能力;4)愿意接受问卷调查且知情同意。排除标准:1)产妇孕前已确诊严重精神障碍;2)产妇有认知障碍或需要法定监护人进行医疗决策;3)合并严重躯体疾病。本研究经遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院伦理审查批准后实施(伦理审查编号:〔2023〕2023KY011号)。
由研究者通过查阅与回顾产后精神障碍相关文献自行设计,包括社会人口学资料和分娩相关资料。社会人口学资料主要包括产妇的年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、工作状态、人均月收入、精神心理病史、经历亲密伴侣暴力、分离恐惧及遇到问题时的应对能力。分娩相关资料包括是否初次分娩、不良孕产史、经历消极分娩、产前抑郁、孕期健康状况、分娩知识、分娩方式、孩子性别是否和期待相符等。
CityBiTS用于产妇产后创伤后应激障碍评估和诊断。由沈子晨等[14]于2020年汉化,包括分娩相关症状和一般症状2个维度,共29个条目。根据是否经历创伤事件、相关症状的出现频率、是否伴有分离症状、症状出现时间、症状持续时间、是否存在痛苦和社会功能障碍及症状是否与药物有关,判断产妇是否存在产后创伤后应激障碍;相关症状出现频率总分为0~60 分,得分越高表明产后创伤后应激障碍症状越严重。量表Cronbach's α系数为0.934,具有较好的信效度[14]。
DASS-21由Taouk等[15]于2001年翻译和修订简化为中文版,量表具有良好信效度,更适用于临床快速筛查抑郁、焦虑以及压力症状。本研究用于产妇产后抑郁、产后焦虑以及压力程度评估和诊断。该量表包括抑郁、焦虑和压力3个分量表,每个分量表7个条目,共21个条目。采用4级(0~3分)评分法,将各分量表原始得分乘以2,即为分量表得分,得分越高,表示抑郁、焦虑、压力情绪症状越严重。其中抑郁分量表原始分得分0~4分为正常,5~6分为轻度抑郁,7~10分为中度抑郁,11~13分为重度抑郁,≥14分为极重度抑郁;焦虑分量表原始分得分0~3分为正常,4~5分为轻度焦虑,6~7分为中度焦虑,8~9分为重度焦虑,≥10分为极重度焦虑;压力分量表原始分得分0~7分为正常,8~9分为轻度压力,10~12分为中度压力,13~16分为重度压力,≥17分为极重度压力[16]。
问卷调查员为产科在岗护理人员,统一经过专业心理支持和量性研究规范的数据收集方法培训,统一采集资料,团队有1名调查员具备临床精神疾病工作经验,随时处理研究对象突发状况。问卷当场发放并回收核实,若有漏项、缺项,当场补充,以保证问卷有效性。本次共发放调查问卷470份,回收有效问卷463份,问卷有效回收率为98.51%。
采用SPSS 29.0统计软件和R语言4.5.0软件进行数据处理和分析。符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用t检验;定性资料用例数、百分比(%)表示,采用χ2检验。应用LASSO回归筛选出产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病具有非零系数特征的变量,并对调节参数λ进行十折交叉验证以确定最优调整参数,提取非零系数变量纳入多因素二元Logistic回归分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
463例产妇年龄20~45(30.3±4.7)岁;未婚10例,离异3例;硕士研究生及以上14例,本科/专科250例,高中/中专124例,初中及以下75例;无业197例,有固定工作266例;人均月收入≤5 000元115例,>5 000元348例;有精神心理病史9例;经历亲密伴侣暴力41例;有分离恐惧140例;197例应对能力较好;初次分娩245例;78例产妇有不良孕产史;阴道分娩273例,剖宫产158例。
产妇发生产后创伤后应激障碍58例(12.53%),产后抑郁111例(23.97%),产后焦虑131例(28.29%);产后创伤后应激障碍及产后抑郁38例(8.21%),产后抑郁及产后焦虑83例(17.93%),产后创伤后应激障碍及产后焦虑46例(9.93%);产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病者32例(6.91%)。
为避免遗漏潜在变量,将单因素分析中P<0.1的自变量纳入模型分析,使用“glmnet”包进行LASSO回归[17]筛选变量,以避免变量间多重共线性,随着惩罚系数λ增加,模型中自变量数量逐渐降维、缩减,经十折交叉验证后确定lambda.min(λ=0.014 868 84),据lambda.min取值下的回归系数,最终筛选出9个系数不为0的变量,即精神心理病史、分离恐惧、应对能力、经历消极分娩、产前抑郁、分娩方式、家庭支持、分娩疼痛、压力因素,变量筛选流程见图1。
将LASSO回归筛选的9个变量作为自变量,以是否发生三者共病(否=0,是=1)为因变量,采用二元Logistic回归分析,识别三者共病危险因素,自变量赋值情况见表2。利用赤池信息准则(AIC)判断模型优劣[18],选择AIC最小值作为最终模型,最终模型AIC值为142.85。建立Logistic回归方程,产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病患病预测模型公式:Logit(P)=-6.67+3.36×压力因素+1.77×经阴道分娩转剖宫产+1.47×剖宫产+1.28×分娩疼痛,其中P为共病阳性概率。Hosmer-Leme show检验显示,该模型拟合度较好(χ²=2.11,P=0.98),McFadden R2=0.45。结果见表3。
本研究结果显示,单一精神障碍疾病患病率为12.53%~28.29%,其中产后焦虑患病率最高;2种精神障碍疾病共病患病率为8.21%~17.93%,其中产后抑郁和产后焦虑两者共病患病率最高;而产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑3种精神障碍疾病共病患病率为6.91%,高于Agius等[19]研究结果,与埃塞俄比亚一项纵向研究结果[20]相似。因研究方法、样本量、评估工具和评估时间点等不同,精神障碍疾病患病情况可能存在显著差异[21]。研究报道,普通群体多病共病率为25.4%[22],而产后精神障碍总体患病率为11%~15%[23]。由此可见,产妇精神障碍疾病情况不容忽视。产妇精神障碍发病机制复杂,是多种因素交互作用的结果,涉及生物学、心理及社会文化等多个方面[24]。三者共病易形成恶性循环,加重产妇心理健康问题以及家庭负担。现有研究多聚焦于精神障碍疾病诊治,对早期风险防控关注不足。未来研究应建立早期识别与精准干预机制,切实降低共病发生率,减轻家庭和社会负担。
本研究LASSO回归结果显示,产妇精神心理病史、分离恐惧、应对能力、经历消极分娩、产前抑郁、分娩方式、家庭支持、分娩疼痛和压力因素是3种精神障碍共病的影响因素(P<0.05)。然而,经过AIC准则优化的Logistic回归分析后,发现并非所有变量均为独立危险因素。可能是由于LASSO回归虽然能够有效筛选变量,但未能充分考虑变量间的相互作用。故通过Logistic回归模型评估三者共病的风险因素,模型风险因素包括压力因素、分娩方式、分娩疼痛。结果表明该模型在变量选择与模型复杂度之间达到了较优的平衡。将研究人群代入模型进行验证后,该模型在评估产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病风险方面具有较高的预测价值。
机体长期暴露于压力状态可显著增加精神障碍疾病共病风险。本研究结果发现,产妇压力因素是产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病的危险因素。压力应激是一种复杂的心理和生理适应性反应,过度激活会使下丘脑-垂体轴功能亢进,皮质醇类固醇水平持续升高,产生异常生理信号,严重干扰神经系统正常的情绪调节和认知功能,导致产妇产后机体生理、心理稳态失衡[25]。育儿适应困难、家庭角色关系重构、母婴健康担忧、自我形象改变及繁重的家务负担等可能是导致产妇压力水平升高的重要因素[26]。基于Lazarus和Folkman提出的压力交互作用理论,个体对压力源的认知评价在应激反应过程中起决定性作用[27]。当压力应激反复激活大脑特定的神经环路时,抑郁等精神障碍发病风险将显著增加[28]。这为今后临床防治产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑等精神障碍疾病共病提供新的理论依据。因本研究为横断面研究设计,在基于时间序列确立压力暴露与共病发生的因果关系方面存在局限性;此外,研究仅将压力变量设置为暴露组和非暴露组,未进一步分级为轻度、中度、重度及极重度,使得压力暴露组取值跨度较大。因此,未来研究可采用纵向队列设计,通过扩大样本规模、控制潜在混杂因素并长期随访,进一步明确压力暴露与产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病间的因果路径与剂量反应效应,为临床早期干预策略提供更可靠的循证依据。
本研究结果显示,经阴道分娩转剖宫产和剖宫产是产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病的危险因素。经阴道分娩转剖宫产是一种紧急且非计划性剖宫产术,打破了产妇经阴道分娩预期,使产妇产生失败感、遗憾感和自我效能感降低等负面心理,更可能加剧产妇产后抑郁、产后创伤后应激障碍等精神障碍疾病患病风险[29]。但在必要情况下,实施紧急经阴道分娩转剖宫产和剖宫产可以降低孕产妇死亡、围生儿死亡以及相关疾病发生风险。然而,实施不符合医学指征的剖宫产率正在全球范围内持续上升,且存在明显的地区间和地区内差异[30]。全球约21.1%产妇实施剖宫产,远高于WHO建议剖宫产率(10%~15%)[31]。因此,应采取有效措施改善产妇分娩方式,降低剖宫产的发生率,减少产后并发症发生,提升阴道分娩率,实现安全、科学、人性化的分娩目标,并保障母婴安全与健康。
本研究结果显示,分娩疼痛是产妇产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑共病的危险因素。分娩疼痛并非短暂的生理应激反应,疼痛会贯穿分娩整个过程,是一种复杂且难以评估的体验[32]。且疼痛症状在产后数周甚至数月内会持续存在[33],但现有单维评估工具难以全面捕捉分娩疼痛体验[34]。研究发现,产妇经历分娩疼痛时体内会释放大量儿茶酚胺,阻碍子宫收缩,延缓分娩进程,增加产妇痛苦,进而加剧产后创伤后应激障碍、产后抑郁、产后焦虑等精神障碍疾病发生风险[35]。因此,寻求安全、有效的策略缓解分娩疼痛,始终是医学界研究重点。近年来,非药物镇痛方法因安全性高而日益受到重视。分娩球与花生球作为分娩辅助工具,已被临床护士和助产士广泛应用于分娩过程[36]。现国内研究将传统中医技术与分娩疼痛管理相结合的方式已取得初步成效[37],这或许为今后减轻产妇分娩疼痛提供新的研究思路。
本研究采用便利抽样法,选取2所医院产妇为研究对象,样本来源范围较窄,对不同地区和医院的产妇情况代表性不足。研究以自填问卷收集数据,为便于产妇填写和数据收集,未选用产后抑郁、产后焦虑单独诊断评估工具,易受选择性偏倚、信息偏倚干扰;且研究设计为横断面研究,在推断暴露因素与结局先后顺序及因果关系方面存在局限。为提高结果准确性,未来研究将进一步扩大样本量和研究范围,以期提供新的循证医学证据指导临床实践。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.014
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
  • 修回日期:2026-02-01
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    1遵义医科大学珠海校区(护理学系),广东 519041
    2遵义市第一人民医院(遵义医科大学第三附属医院)

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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