Article(id=1322167992583045990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167989802217791, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.04.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750089600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-17, revisedDate=1769875200000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159014125, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159014125, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159014125, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159014125, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167989802217791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='529', pageEnd='704', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159013461, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159013461, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=549, endPage=555, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322167992775983975, articleId=1322167992583045990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction of the pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescent patients with severe pectus excavatum during the perioperative period, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To develop the pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescent patients with severe pectus excavatum during the perioperative period,and to provide a reference for promoting the recovery of children undergoing pectus excavatum surgery.
Methods Based on the concept of pulmonary rehabilitation,through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews,a questionnaire for the pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescent patients with severe pectus excavatum during the perioperative period was constructed.The final program was determined using the Delphi expert questionnaire method.
Results Two rounds of expert questionnaires were conducted.The effective recovery rate of the questionnaire was 94.44% and 100.00% respectively.The expert questionnaire authority coefficient was 0.859.The importance of each item was 3.76-4.88 and 4.06-4.88 respectively.The coefficients of variation were 0.068-0.238 and 0.070-0.183 respectively.The Kendall coefficients were 0.484 and 0.328(P<0.001).The final perioperative pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescents with severe pectus excavatum included 8 primary items,25 secondary items,and 29 tertiary items.
Conclusions The constructed pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescent patients with severe pectus excavatum during the perioperative period was scientifically and operationally sound.It could provide reference for guiding the recovery of children during the perioperative period and promote their rapid recovery after surgery.
, authors=Shanshan KONG, Wenjia SHI, Ziwei XIONG, Rui YIN, Yuan WANG, Shuai LI, Shaotao TANG, Siyu XU, Jingjing WANG, authorsList=Shanshan KONG, Wenjia SHI, Ziwei XIONG, Rui YIN, Yuan WANG, Shuai LI, Shaotao TANG, Siyu XU, Jingjing WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenjia SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322167993044419432, articleId=1322167992583045990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案的构建, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 构建青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案,为促进漏斗胸手术患儿康复提供参考。
方法 以肺康复理念为指导框架,通过文献分析和半结构化访谈,构建青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案函询问卷,应用德尔菲专家函询法确定最终方案。
结果 共进行了2轮专家函询。问卷有效回收率分别为94.44%和100.00%,专家函询权威系数为0.859;各条目重要性均分为3.76~4.88分、4.06~4.88分,变异系数分别为0.068~0.238、0.070~0.183;肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.484和0.328(P<0.001)。最终形成的青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案包括8个一级条目、25个二级条目和29个三级条目。
结论 构建的青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案科学性、可操作性较强,可以为患儿围术期康复指导提供参考,并促进患儿术后快速康复。
, authors=孔珊珊, 史雯嘉
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临床小儿外科杂志,
2022,
21(6):582-585., articleTitle=围术期加速康复理念在漏斗胸中的应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530336500728325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=54, issue=6, pageStart=413, pageEnd=418, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=中国加速康复外科专家组, journalName=中华外科杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国加速康复外科专家组.中国加速康复外科围术期管理专家共识(2016)[J].
中华外科杂志,
2016,
54(6):413-418., articleTitle=中国加速康复外科围术期管理专家共识(2016), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530328166646193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530328179229106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, companyId=1322530328166646193, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430022 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530328187617715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, companyId=1322530328166646193, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,湖北 430022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530332713271785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
General information of experts(n=17)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 分类 | 人数 | 构成比(%) |
|---|
| 年龄 | 30~39岁 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 40~49岁 | 10 | 58.82 |
| 50~60岁 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 性别 | 男 | 11 | 64.71 |
| 女 | 6 | 35.29 |
| 学历 | 博士研究生 | 8 | 47.06 |
| 硕士研究生 | 5 | 29.41 |
| 本科 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 工作领域 | 临床医学 | 13 | 76.47 |
| 临床护理 | 1 | 5.88 |
| 护理管理 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 职称 | 中级 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 副高级 | 11 | 64.71 |
| 正高级 | 2 | 11.76 |
| 工作年限 | 10~19年 | 8 | 47.06 |
| 20~29年 | 6 | 35.29 |
| ≥30年 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 是否担任导师 | 是 | 13 | 76.47 |
| 否 | 4 | 23.53 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322530332780380650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
专家一般资料(n=17)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 分类 | 人数 | 构成比(%) |
|---|
| 年龄 | 30~39岁 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 40~49岁 | 10 | 58.82 |
| 50~60岁 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 性别 | 男 | 11 | 64.71 |
| 女 | 6 | 35.29 |
| 学历 | 博士研究生 | 8 | 47.06 |
| 硕士研究生 | 5 | 29.41 |
| 本科 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 工作领域 | 临床医学 | 13 | 76.47 |
| 临床护理 | 1 | 5.88 |
| 护理管理 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 职称 | 中级 | 4 | 23.53 |
| 副高级 | 11 | 64.71 |
| 正高级 | 2 | 11.76 |
| 工作年限 | 10~19年 | 8 | 47.06 |
| 20~29年 | 6 | 35.29 |
| ≥30年 | 3 | 17.65 |
| 是否担任导师 | 是 | 13 | 76.47 |
| 否 | 4 | 23.53 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322530332851683819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
The coordination degree of expert opinions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | | 第1轮 | | | 第2轮 | |
|---|
| 条目数(个) | 肯德尔和谐系数 | χ2值 | P | 条目数(个) | 肯德尔和谐系数 | χ2值 | P |
|---|
| 一级条目 | 8 | 0.467 | 32.833 | <0.001 | 8 | 0.529 | 38.630 | 0.013 |
| 二级条目 | 21 | 0.286 | 89.079 | <0.001 | 25 | 0.219 | 63.090 | 0.003 |
| 三级条目 | 28 | 0.568 | 383.297 | <0.001 | 29 | 0.443 | 282.794 | <0.001 |
| 总体 | 57 | 0.484 | 512.120 | <0.001 | 62 | 0.328 | 317.583 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322530332927181292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
专家意见协调程度
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | | 第1轮 | | | 第2轮 | |
|---|
| 条目数(个) | 肯德尔和谐系数 | χ2值 | P | 条目数(个) | 肯德尔和谐系数 | χ2值 | P |
|---|
| 一级条目 | 8 | 0.467 | 32.833 | <0.001 | 8 | 0.529 | 38.630 | 0.013 |
| 二级条目 | 21 | 0.286 | 89.079 | <0.001 | 25 | 0.219 | 63.090 | 0.003 |
| 三级条目 | 28 | 0.568 | 383.297 | <0.001 | 29 | 0.443 | 282.794 | <0.001 |
| 总体 | 57 | 0.484 | 512.120 | <0.001 | 62 | 0.328 | 317.583 | <0.001 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322530332998484461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Expert consultation results of the pulmonary rehabilitation training program for adolescent patients with severe pectus excavatum during the perioperative period
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 重要性(x±s,分) | 变异系数 |
|---|
| A 围术期肺部并发症相关危险因素识别 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| A1术前危险因素 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| A1.1健康状况:美国麻醉医师协会病情评估分级(ASA 分级)是预测术后肺部并发症的重要因素之一。分级大于Ⅱ级的病人术后肺部并发症风险显著升高;术前贫血,营养不良,血浆白蛋白低 | 4.75±0.58 | 0.122 |
| A1.2肺部基础疾病:哮喘、肺炎、支气管炎等 | 4.88±0.34 | 0.070 |
| A1.3肺功能降低 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| A1.4既往治疗病史:术前长期应用激素以及既往有胸部手术史及外伤史 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| A1.5不对称性漏斗胸 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| A2术中危险因素 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| A2.1麻醉相关因素:全身麻醉;气管插管;大潮气量、 高气道压机械通气;吸入麻醉药物;阿片类镇痛药;麻醉中吸入高浓度氧气;术中液体超负荷或输注速度过快 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| A2.2手术相关因素:术中对肺组织挤压;术中大出血或大量输血;术中置入2根及以上钢板行矫正术 | 4.81±0.40 | 0.084 |
| A2.3术后危险因素:疼痛、排痰不充分、下床活动延迟、胸腔积气积液、呕吐或误吸 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| B 肺康复评估 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| B1评估时机及频率:肺康复开始实施前、患儿病情变化时、决定是否结束肺康复 | 4.75±0.48 | 0.101 |
| B2评估内容 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| B2.1呼吸系统评估:肺活量(VC)、用力呼气量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO ) | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| B2.2疼痛评估[数字疼痛评分量表(NRS)] | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| B2.3营养评估(Strong Kids量表、白蛋白、微量元素等) | 4.50±0.63 | 0.141 |
| B2.4活动耐力评估(6 min步行试验) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| B2.5心理评估[Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)] | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| C 呼吸训练管理 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| C1呼吸训练时机:全身麻醉患儿清醒后即可进行呼吸训练 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2呼吸训练实施 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| C2.1吸气训练:训练前先深吸气,屏气1~3 s,然后深长均匀呼气 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2.2呼气训练:训练前先吐气,然后深呼吸 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2.3手术当天深呼吸,缩唇呼吸 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| C2.4术后第1天行呼气和吸气训练 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| C2.5术后第2天及以后,行呼吸训练+阻抗训练,使用呼吸训练器进行呼吸肌训练,起始时将吸气挡1位和呼吸挡位调至0档,当患儿达到目标训练强度及频率时,调至下一挡位,最终目标为3个球可浮起,并坚持1~3 s | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| C3呼吸训练频率 | 4.56±0.63 | 0.138 |
| C3.1呼吸训练:每次15~20 min,每日3~5次 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| C3.2阻抗训练:每次5~10 min,每日3~5次 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| C4注意事项:训练过程中动态评估患儿生命体征,如出现气促、疼痛等不适,立即停止训练 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| D 运动训练管理 | 4.50±0.63 | 0.141 |
| D1运动时机:患儿麻醉苏醒后,需缩短卧床时间,尽快恢复正常身体活动 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| D2运动方式:体位改变、有氧运动(下肢关节活动、慢走、爬楼梯)、耐力训练(6 min步行试验) | 4.56±0.51 | 0.112 |
| D3运动训练实施 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| D3.1手术当天平卧,协助患儿床上改变体位,2 h改变1次 | 4.44±0.81 | 0.183 |
| D3.2术后1 d可半坐卧位,鼓励患儿床上自主体位改变,自主活动踝关节及膝关节(每次5~10个,每日2~4次) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| D3.3术后第2天可协助患儿床边坐起(每次15~30 min,每日2~4次),床边站立及下肢关节活动(每次5~15 min,每日2~4次) | 4.56±0.81 | 0.178 |
| D3.4术后第3天至出院后行有氧运动+耐力训练,根据患儿个体情况,循序渐进,从有氧训练到耐力训练(每次15~30 min,每日2次) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| D4运动强度 | 4.38±0.50 | 0.114 |
| D4.1应用主观体力感觉评分(RPE)行运动检测,以RPE维持在11~13级,即轻松或有点吃力,心率为90~130/min为宜;并根据患儿耐受力动态调整 | 4.44±0.51 | 0.115 |
| D4.2注意事项:运动过程中注意监测患儿血氧饱和度、呼吸频率,若出现胸闷、气促及疲乏等不适,应暂停训练,予以休息 | 4.56±0.63 | 0.138 |
| E 疼痛管理 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| E1疼痛评估:应用NRS评估患儿疼痛,每日1次,当患儿出现疼痛变化时动态评估 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| E2术中镇痛:静脉注射麻药、吸入性麻药镇痛及肋间神经冷冻术 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| E3术后镇痛:术后3 d内预防性镇痛或镇痛泵持续镇痛;术后第4天,当疼痛评分≥5分遵医嘱予以药物镇痛 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| F 营养支持 | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| F1营养评估:采用 Strong Kids量表对患儿进行营养评估,针对中低风险患儿每周复评,高风险患儿每周评估2次 | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| F2营养支持对象:营养评估得分>3分的患儿,根据基础代谢计算公式计算患儿目标需要量,请营养科医师行饮食指导,制定食谱 | 4.38±0.72 | 0.164 |
| F3营养支持方案 | 4.25±0.68 | 0.161 |
| F3.1术前:饮食指导+口服营养素 | 4.13±0.50 | 0.121 |
| F3.2手术当天:术前2~3 h饮用清饮料,饮用量≤5~10 mL/kg,禁食期间行肠外营养,术后2 h可饮水,完全清醒后行早期进食指导 | 4.06±0.68 | 0.167 |
| F3.3术后可进食后:饮食指导 | 4.19±0.66 | 0.157 |
| G 心理护理 | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| G1由心理咨询师评估患儿心理状况 | 4.38±0.62 | 0.142 |
| G2未出现心理异常患儿,由责任护士关注患儿情绪变化 | 4.38±0.62 | 0.142 |
| G3针对心理异常患儿,由心理咨询师制定并实施相应的心理护理方案(认知行为疗法、基于正念的认知疗法、放松疗法、情绪松弛干预) | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| H 健康宣教 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| H1 宣教时间:每日1次,每次20 min | 4.56±0.51 | 0.112 |
| H2内容包括疾病相关知识、药物作用和心理护理,重点指导患儿及家属有效咳嗽、深呼吸、缩唇呼吸,并掌握呼吸训练器使用方法,告知患儿及家属术后运动训练项目,并提前演练,针对有营养不良风险的患儿,行饮食指导,并定期评估 | 4.50±0.63 | 0.140 |
| H3健康教育形式:主要通过科室自制的宣教视频和PPT在护士站播放,辅以护士指导和示范 | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| H4术后运动注意事项:术后2~4周内尽量不弯腰、不翻滚、不转动胸腰,术后1个月内保持背部挺直,2个月内不弯腰搬重物,3个月内避免对抗性剧烈运动 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322530333078176238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167992583045990, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
青少年重度漏斗胸患儿围术期肺康复训练方案专家函询结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 指标 | 重要性(x±s,分) | 变异系数 |
|---|
| A 围术期肺部并发症相关危险因素识别 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| A1术前危险因素 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| A1.1健康状况:美国麻醉医师协会病情评估分级(ASA 分级)是预测术后肺部并发症的重要因素之一。分级大于Ⅱ级的病人术后肺部并发症风险显著升高;术前贫血,营养不良,血浆白蛋白低 | 4.75±0.58 | 0.122 |
| A1.2肺部基础疾病:哮喘、肺炎、支气管炎等 | 4.88±0.34 | 0.070 |
| A1.3肺功能降低 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| A1.4既往治疗病史:术前长期应用激素以及既往有胸部手术史及外伤史 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| A1.5不对称性漏斗胸 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| A2术中危险因素 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| A2.1麻醉相关因素:全身麻醉;气管插管;大潮气量、 高气道压机械通气;吸入麻醉药物;阿片类镇痛药;麻醉中吸入高浓度氧气;术中液体超负荷或输注速度过快 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| A2.2手术相关因素:术中对肺组织挤压;术中大出血或大量输血;术中置入2根及以上钢板行矫正术 | 4.81±0.40 | 0.084 |
| A2.3术后危险因素:疼痛、排痰不充分、下床活动延迟、胸腔积气积液、呕吐或误吸 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| B 肺康复评估 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| B1评估时机及频率:肺康复开始实施前、患儿病情变化时、决定是否结束肺康复 | 4.75±0.48 | 0.101 |
| B2评估内容 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| B2.1呼吸系统评估:肺活量(VC)、用力呼气量(FVC)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)及一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO ) | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| B2.2疼痛评估[数字疼痛评分量表(NRS)] | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| B2.3营养评估(Strong Kids量表、白蛋白、微量元素等) | 4.50±0.63 | 0.141 |
| B2.4活动耐力评估(6 min步行试验) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| B2.5心理评估[Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)] | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| C 呼吸训练管理 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| C1呼吸训练时机:全身麻醉患儿清醒后即可进行呼吸训练 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2呼吸训练实施 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| C2.1吸气训练:训练前先深吸气,屏气1~3 s,然后深长均匀呼气 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2.2呼气训练:训练前先吐气,然后深呼吸 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| C2.3手术当天深呼吸,缩唇呼吸 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| C2.4术后第1天行呼气和吸气训练 | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| C2.5术后第2天及以后,行呼吸训练+阻抗训练,使用呼吸训练器进行呼吸肌训练,起始时将吸气挡1位和呼吸挡位调至0档,当患儿达到目标训练强度及频率时,调至下一挡位,最终目标为3个球可浮起,并坚持1~3 s | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| C3呼吸训练频率 | 4.56±0.63 | 0.138 |
| C3.1呼吸训练:每次15~20 min,每日3~5次 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| C3.2阻抗训练:每次5~10 min,每日3~5次 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| C4注意事项:训练过程中动态评估患儿生命体征,如出现气促、疼痛等不适,立即停止训练 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
| D 运动训练管理 | 4.50±0.63 | 0.141 |
| D1运动时机:患儿麻醉苏醒后,需缩短卧床时间,尽快恢复正常身体活动 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| D2运动方式:体位改变、有氧运动(下肢关节活动、慢走、爬楼梯)、耐力训练(6 min步行试验) | 4.56±0.51 | 0.112 |
| D3运动训练实施 | 4.50±0.52 | 0.115 |
| D3.1手术当天平卧,协助患儿床上改变体位,2 h改变1次 | 4.44±0.81 | 0.183 |
| D3.2术后1 d可半坐卧位,鼓励患儿床上自主体位改变,自主活动踝关节及膝关节(每次5~10个,每日2~4次) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| D3.3术后第2天可协助患儿床边坐起(每次15~30 min,每日2~4次),床边站立及下肢关节活动(每次5~15 min,每日2~4次) | 4.56±0.81 | 0.178 |
| D3.4术后第3天至出院后行有氧运动+耐力训练,根据患儿个体情况,循序渐进,从有氧训练到耐力训练(每次15~30 min,每日2次) | 4.63±0.62 | 0.134 |
| D4运动强度 | 4.38±0.50 | 0.114 |
| D4.1应用主观体力感觉评分(RPE)行运动检测,以RPE维持在11~13级,即轻松或有点吃力,心率为90~130/min为宜;并根据患儿耐受力动态调整 | 4.44±0.51 | 0.115 |
| D4.2注意事项:运动过程中注意监测患儿血氧饱和度、呼吸频率,若出现胸闷、气促及疲乏等不适,应暂停训练,予以休息 | 4.56±0.63 | 0.138 |
| E 疼痛管理 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| E1疼痛评估:应用NRS评估患儿疼痛,每日1次,当患儿出现疼痛变化时动态评估 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| E2术中镇痛:静脉注射麻药、吸入性麻药镇痛及肋间神经冷冻术 | 4.69±0.60 | 0.128 |
| E3术后镇痛:术后3 d内预防性镇痛或镇痛泵持续镇痛;术后第4天,当疼痛评分≥5分遵医嘱予以药物镇痛 | 4.75±0.45 | 0.094 |
| F 营养支持 | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| F1营养评估:采用 Strong Kids量表对患儿进行营养评估,针对中低风险患儿每周复评,高风险患儿每周评估2次 | 4.44±0.73 | 0.164 |
| F2营养支持对象:营养评估得分>3分的患儿,根据基础代谢计算公式计算患儿目标需要量,请营养科医师行饮食指导,制定食谱 | 4.38±0.72 | 0.164 |
| F3营养支持方案 | 4.25±0.68 | 0.161 |
| F3.1术前:饮食指导+口服营养素 | 4.13±0.50 | 0.121 |
| F3.2手术当天:术前2~3 h饮用清饮料,饮用量≤5~10 mL/kg,禁食期间行肠外营养,术后2 h可饮水,完全清醒后行早期进食指导 | 4.06±0.68 | 0.167 |
| F3.3术后可进食后:饮食指导 | 4.19±0.66 | 0.157 |
| G 心理护理 | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| G1由心理咨询师评估患儿心理状况 | 4.38±0.62 | 0.142 |
| G2未出现心理异常患儿,由责任护士关注患儿情绪变化 | 4.38±0.62 | 0.142 |
| G3针对心理异常患儿,由心理咨询师制定并实施相应的心理护理方案(认知行为疗法、基于正念的认知疗法、放松疗法、情绪松弛干预) | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| H 健康宣教 | 4.63±0.50 | 0.108 |
| H1 宣教时间:每日1次,每次20 min | 4.56±0.51 | 0.112 |
| H2内容包括疾病相关知识、药物作用和心理护理,重点指导患儿及家属有效咳嗽、深呼吸、缩唇呼吸,并掌握呼吸训练器使用方法,告知患儿及家属术后运动训练项目,并提前演练,针对有营养不良风险的患儿,行饮食指导,并定期评估 | 4.50±0.63 | 0.140 |
| H3健康教育形式:主要通过科室自制的宣教视频和PPT在护士站播放,辅以护士指导和示范 | 4.44±0.63 | 0.142 |
| H4术后运动注意事项:术后2~4周内尽量不弯腰、不翻滚、不转动胸腰,术后1个月内保持背部挺直,2个月内不弯腰搬重物,3个月内避免对抗性剧烈运动 | 4.69±0.48 | 0.102 |
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