Article(id=1322167886190326432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167871413796899, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.03.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=1767715200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158988759, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158988759, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158988759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158988759, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167871413796899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='353', pageEnd='528', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158985236, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158985236, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=419, endPage=425, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322167887364731553, articleId=1322167886190326432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Concept analysis of rehabilitation motivation, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To define the theoretical connotation of rehabilitation motivation and to provide scientific theoretical support for healthcare professionals.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in databases including CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,EMbase,and CINAHL.Literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and rehabilitation motivation was systematically analyzed by using Walker and Avant's concept analysis method.

Results

A total of 45 articles were included.The defining attributes of rehabilitation motivation were summarized as intrinsic drive,psychological process,and predictor.Antecedents included psychosocial factors,sociodemographic factors,disease-related factors,and rehabilitation service factors.Consequences included improved rehabilitation outcomes,reduced healthcare costs,enhanced quality of life,and increased psychological resilience.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation motivation exhibits multidimensional and complex characteristics,influenced by a combination of various variables,and may significantly impact patients' quality of life.Therefore,it is essential to develop scientific and precise assessment systems to identify patients' rehabilitation motivation and to explore effective intervention strategies so as to facilitate the rehabilitation process.

, authors=Jia WU1, Ying'ai JIN2, authorsList=Jia WU, Ying'ai JIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying'ai JIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIN Ying'ai, E-mail:
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目的

界定康复动机的理论内涵,为医护人员提供科学的理论支撑。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase、CINAHL等数据库,依据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选,采用Walker和Avant概念分析法对康复动机进行系统解析。

结果

共纳入45篇文献。归纳康复动机定义属性包括内在动力、心理过程和预测因子;前因包括社会心理因素、社会人口学因素、疾病相关因素和康复服务因素;后果包括康复效果提升、医疗成本降低、生活质量改善、心理韧性增强。

结论

康复动机具有多维度的复杂特征,受多种变量的综合影响,对病人生活质量可能产生显著影响。因此,需要研发科学、精准的评估体系,识别病人的康复动机,并探索有效的干预方案,以促进康复进程。

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吴佳,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
金英爱,E-mail:
JIN Ying'ai, E-mail:
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康复动机的概念分析
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吴佳 1 , 金英爱 2, *, *
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(3): 419-425
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (3) : 419 -425
康复动机的概念分析
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吴佳1, 金英爱2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1延边大学护理学院,吉林 133000
  • 2延边大学附属医院(延边医院)
通讯作者:
金英爱,E-mail:
JIN Ying'ai, E-mail:
作者简介:

吴佳,硕士研究生在读

Concept analysis of rehabilitation motivation
Jia WU1, Ying'ai JIN2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Yanbian University, Jilin 133000 China
  • 2Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University(Yanbian Hospital)
  • Corresponding Author:
    JIN Ying'ai, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.03.010
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目的

界定康复动机的理论内涵,为医护人员提供科学的理论支撑。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase、CINAHL等数据库,依据纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选,采用Walker和Avant概念分析法对康复动机进行系统解析。

结果

共纳入45篇文献。归纳康复动机定义属性包括内在动力、心理过程和预测因子;前因包括社会心理因素、社会人口学因素、疾病相关因素和康复服务因素;后果包括康复效果提升、医疗成本降低、生活质量改善、心理韧性增强。

结论

康复动机具有多维度的复杂特征,受多种变量的综合影响,对病人生活质量可能产生显著影响。因此,需要研发科学、精准的评估体系,识别病人的康复动机,并探索有效的干预方案,以促进康复进程。

康复动机  /  动机  /  护理  /  概念分析
Objective

To define the theoretical connotation of rehabilitation motivation and to provide scientific theoretical support for healthcare professionals.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in databases including CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,EMbase,and CINAHL.Literatures were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and rehabilitation motivation was systematically analyzed by using Walker and Avant's concept analysis method.

Results

A total of 45 articles were included.The defining attributes of rehabilitation motivation were summarized as intrinsic drive,psychological process,and predictor.Antecedents included psychosocial factors,sociodemographic factors,disease-related factors,and rehabilitation service factors.Consequences included improved rehabilitation outcomes,reduced healthcare costs,enhanced quality of life,and increased psychological resilience.

Conclusions

Rehabilitation motivation exhibits multidimensional and complex characteristics,influenced by a combination of various variables,and may significantly impact patients' quality of life.Therefore,it is essential to develop scientific and precise assessment systems to identify patients' rehabilitation motivation and to explore effective intervention strategies so as to facilitate the rehabilitation process.

rehabilitation motivation  /  motivation  /  nursing  /  concept analysis
吴佳, 金英爱. 康复动机的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (3) : 419 -425 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.03.010
Jia WU, Ying'ai JIN. Concept analysis of rehabilitation motivation[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (3) : 419 -425 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.03.010
随着“健康中国2030”战略推进和分级诊疗制度实施,康复医学在疾病全周期管理中的作用愈加重要[1]。国家卫生健康委员会印发的《关于加快推进康复医疗工作发展的意见》[2]提出,构建“预防-治疗-康复”连续性服务体系,康复动机作为影响病人康复成效的核心要素已成为重要切入点。然而,我国慢性病病人及术后病人康复依从性不足,脑卒中病人康复中断率高达42.3%[3],导致大量功能恢复潜力丧失和可避免的医疗支出[4]。这种康复动机不足的困境与《“十四五”国民健康规划》[5]提升康复服务质量的要求形成反差,揭示了临床实践与政策导向的脱节。当前研究缺乏本土化评估工具,导致动机特征误判[6-7];干预策略碎片化,缺乏基于动机理论的系统方案[8];政策衔接机制不完善,医保支付体系未建立康复动机量化考核指标[2,9],制约了精准康复目标的实现[9-10]。因此,本研究采用Walker和Avant概念分析法[11]分析康复动机的定义属性、前因后果及测评工具等,以期为开展康复动机的系统研究提供参考。
采用主题词与自由词相结合的检索方式,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase和CINAHL等数据库。中文检索词为康复动机、康复依从性、康复行为激活、动机驱动、康复导向;英文检索词为rehabilitation motivation、rehabilitation adherence、behavioral activation in rehabilitation、motivational drivers、recovery-oriented behavior。并阅读相关研究的参考文献扩展检索范围,检索时限为建库至2025年3月。纳入标准:1)研究主题明确围绕康复动机展开;2)探讨康复动机的概念界定、特征属性、影响因素或作用效果中的某一维度;3)发表语言限定为中英文。排除标准:1)会议摘要或会议论文;2)重复发表的文献;3)内容不完整或无法获取全文的文献记录。共检索到517篇文献,去除重复文献后获得284篇文献,阅读标题及摘要初筛、阅读全文复筛,扩大检索并补充参考文献,最终纳入45篇文献,包括3篇中文文献、42篇英文文献。
基于Walker和Avant概念分析法开展系统性概念解析。明确将康复动机作为核心分析对象,确立研究目标为探究该概念在护理领域的实践应用,厘清其定义特征与本质属性,辨析相近概念,分析其前因后果和测评工具。对纳入文献进行深度研读,通过反复归纳、批判性思考与理论提炼,直至获得清晰的概念框架。由2名研究者独立进行文献解析,结果不一致时由第3位研究者综合判断。
动机的概念因学科视角不同,具有多维度内涵。《现代汉语词典》(2013年版)将其阐释为驱动个体参与特定活动的心理倾向,其从动态视角出发,强调动机是一种由特定目标引导、激发并维持的心理活动过程,是人类行为的内在驱动力。从词性维度来看,动机作为名词指内在的心理动力机制;而在动词形态下则通常表述为“激励”这一行为过程。组织行为学认为动机是激活和维持个体行为模式的心理机制,通过内在激励与外部强化结合促使个体形成持续性的行为驱动力,推动其向预定目标迈进。MeSH主题词表从行为科学的角度定义动机为影响个体产生目标导向行为或满足性行为的关键因素,可能源于生理需求或环境刺激。动机的理论内涵具有显著的领域特异性。以教育心理学为例,动机被定义为维持学习行为、促进学习任务、完成并克服学习障碍的核心动力要素[6];健康科学领域相关研究表明,动机在促进个体维持健康行为模式以及优化疾病康复过程中发挥着关键作用[7]。Markland等[12]从行为决策理论出发,将动机视为个体意志力的具体表现,强调其在病人治疗依从性中的核心地位,是实现预期健康目标的重要决定因素。Ryan等[13]将其系统划分为内在动机、内化动机和外在动机3个维度,不仅丰富了动机研究的理论体系,还为临床实践提供了重要的评估框架。不同学科对动机的不同解释体现了该理论在跨学科研究中的适应性与发展潜力,同时也彰显了其在实践应用中的广泛价值。
尽管动机的定义尚未检索到统一标准,但其在康复医学中的重要性已被广泛关注。神经科学和康复医学的研究表明,动机水平与治疗效果显著相关,推动了康复动机的深入研究。Geelen等[14]率先将动机理论引入康复医学,强调病人参与康复治疗的动机强度直接影响康复目标的实现。Yoshida等[15-16]从不同视角界定了康复动机的内涵,普遍将其定义为驱动病人持续参与康复治疗的核心要素。Yoshida等[15]研究表明,外部奖励机制在亚急性期脑卒中病人康复动机中起重要作用,并能预测功能恢复效果和行为模式改变。然而,医护人员对病人动机的主观评估可能存在偏差,影响康复方案的制定。Biel等[16]基于自我决定理论系统阐释了内外因素对康复行为的交互影响,认为满足自主性、能力感和关联性等基本心理需求有助于动机从外在转向内在。Tan等[10]通过对脑卒中病人的深度访谈发现,高动机水平病人表现出更强的信息获取和治疗配合度;Maclean等[8]研究进一步证实康复动机能提高病人治疗依从性,从而优化康复效果。
Yoshida等[15]研究发现,亚急性期脑卒中病人的康复动机主要依赖外部奖励系统的调节作用。动机在康复中具有双重功能:既能够促进病人行为模式的积极转变,也可作为评估功能预后的关键预测指标。动机强度显著影响病人的日常生活能力、康复态度及治疗参与度。但需注意,医护人员对动机水平的评估可能存在系统性偏差,源于观察视角的局限,可能影响康复方案的制定与实施效果。
Cheong等[17]通过系统分析提取出18个与康复动机密切相关的核心变量,分为10项内部因素与8项外部因素。其中内部影响因素包括:1)情绪调节能力,特别是抑郁倾向;2)认知功能完整性;3)自我效能感强度;4)自尊水平;5)残疾状态接纳程度;6)意志力持久性;7)言语沟通能力;8)心理韧性;9)赋权感;10)不确定性感知水平。这些内在因素揭示了康复动机不仅是表面行为的体现,而是一个涉及复杂心理交互作用的动态过程,个体内在心理特质起着决定性作用。
康复动机可作为病人康复效果的预测因子。Oh等[18]研究揭示了脑卒中病人康复动机与相关因素间的显著关联。病人的自我效能感水平和社会支持程度与其康复动机存在显著正相关关系。Li等[19]研究证实,动机在脑卒中病人上肢运动功能康复中起关键调节作用,动机高的病人治疗参与度更高,通常能获得更好的康复效果。老年脑卒中病人群体动机水平普遍偏低。因此,提升脑卒中病人的康复动机成为改善预后的关键策略,动机是康复过程中的核心心理变量,直接影响病人的康复结局。
张先生,45岁,企业中层管理人员,因突发脑卒中入院治疗。病人本科学历,已婚育有一子,家庭关系和睦,月收入2万元。张先生表现出强烈的康复意愿,主动了解疾病知识,积极配合治疗计划(内在动力),理性看待疾病,制订切实可行的康复目标,并定期进行自我评估(心理过程)。他保持乐观态度,具备较强情绪调节能力,主动参与康复训练,每日坚持完成规定训练量,利用业余时间学习康复知识,与医护人员积极沟通,通过家庭支持系统获得持续的情感支持,设定阶段性目标,并通过日记记录康复进展。最终,张先生运动功能显著改善,3个月内实现独立行走,认知功能恢复良好,6个月后重返工作岗位,生活质量评分较入院时提升40%,且表示医疗费用控制在预算范围内。
李女士,68岁,退休工人,因脑卒中入院,独居,文化程度为初中,月退休金3 000元。其康复意愿较弱,对治疗持消极态度,缺乏明确的康复目标,自我效能感低,存在明显的抑郁倾向,情绪波动较大。康复过程中治疗依从性差,经常缺席康复训练,对康复知识缺乏兴趣,与医护人员沟通较少,社会支持系统薄弱,缺乏持续的情感支持,未设定明确的康复目标,康复进展缓慢。最终李女士的运动功能改善不明显,6个月后仍需辅助行走,认知功能恢复欠佳,日常生活依赖他人照顾,生活质量评分无明显提升,医疗费用超出预算20%。
前因是概念形成所必须具备的前提条件。经过文献总结将康复动机的前因变量归纳为社会心理因素、社会人口学因素、疾病相关因素、康复服务因素4类。
社会心理因素对康复动机的影响呈现出多维度、多层次的复杂特征。研究表明,康复动机受内在驱动力和外部激励的双重调节[20]。内在驱动(如对健康的追求、生活质量的期待等)能促使病人积极参与治疗,并保持较高依从性。外部激励(如家属期望、医护人员鼓励)虽能激发初期治疗意愿,但维持长期动机效果有限。运动恐惧感与康复动机水平之间存在显著的负相关关系,恐惧情绪导致病人对康复训练产生抗拒,降低康复信心和治疗依从性,影响主动参与意愿[8]。此外,人格特征也被证实是影响康复动机的重要变量[20],外向型人格病人通常表现出更强的康复动机,这可能得益于其良好的情绪表达能力与压力应对机制,能积极应对疾病并保持治疗态度,从而表现出更高的康复参与度。负性情绪状态,特别是抑郁和焦虑,对康复动机具有显著的抑制作用[19],不仅影响病人的心理健康状况,还会降低其参与康复治疗的主动性和持续性。此外,社会支持系统对提升康复动机也至关重要,研究表明,家庭支持和广泛的社会支持能显著增强病人的康复动机[21]。Lee等[22]研究证实,病人感知到的社会支持程度与其康复动机水平呈正相关,即社会支持越充分,病人的康复动机越强。
Kim等[23]调查发现,年龄和文化程度是预测脑卒中病人康复动机水平的关键变量。中青年病人由于肩负更多的家庭和社会责任,通常表现出更强的康复动机。此外,受教育程度较高的病人因具备更系统的健康知识体系,更容易理解疾病和康复的价值,进而增强了治疗信心,提升了参与度。Janssen等[24]研究指出,家庭经济状况也是影响康复动机的重要社会人口学变量。经济条件较好的家庭能够为病人提供更优质的康复资源和支持环境,减轻病人的经济负担,从而增强其持续参与康复治疗的意愿。研究表明,婚姻状况也是影响康复动机的关键因素[25],已婚且拥有稳定婚姻关系的病人往往因配偶提供的情感支持和实际帮助而展现出更高的康复动机。
病程、病变位置和症状等因素均会对脑卒中病人的康复动机产生影响。Kobylańska等[26]研究发现,随着病程延长,病人的康复动机逐渐减弱。这种现象可能源于病人在治疗初期未达预期康复效果,使其治疗信心和参与意愿持续降低。Tan等[10]研究表示,与单侧病灶病人相比,双侧病灶病人的康复动机往往更强。可能原因在于,双侧病灶通常需要更多的康复治疗以及神经重建与运动技能的重新学习,这种额外的治疗需求激发了病人更强的康复动机和主观能动性。Yoshida等[27]质性研究指出,多重症状(如持续性疲劳和疼痛)降低了病人的治疗配合度和康复锻炼积极性。这些症状不仅影响病人的生理状态,还会对其心理状态产生负面影响,从而削弱其康复动机。基于上述研究,临床实践必须采取针对性的干预策略,对于病程较长、双侧病变以及症状负担较重的病人群体,医护人员应当加强疾病教育和康复指导,根据病人的病灶特征和症状特点制定个体化的康复方案。通过提供专业的康复知识支持、实施精准的症状管理,以及建立持续的心理支持系统,帮助病人克服康复障碍,增强治疗信心,从而提升其康复动机水平。
康复服务因素对病人康复动机的影响已得到多项研究的证实。Janssen等[24]通过对10例脑卒中病人的半结构化访谈发现,康复训练的频次和周期与病人的动机强度呈现正相关。随着训练频率的增加和治疗周期的延长,病人表现出更强的治疗依从性和主观能动性。康复护理团队的专业素养和服务质量对病人的康复动机也有决定性影响[15]。专业团队可提供:1)专业化的康复指导与技术支持;2)基于病人个体差异制定个性化康复方案;3)给予及时的心理支持与正向激励,共同促进病人动机水平的提升。此外,现代康复技术的应用也为提升康复动机提供了新的途径。一项系统综述指出,创新性康复技术(如虚拟现实训练系统、远程康复平台等)的引入能够增强病人的治疗动机,通过沉浸式训练和实时反馈,有效增强病人的治疗动机,提高参与度[28]。
后果指的是概念在实际应用场景中产生的结果。可归纳为康复效果提升、医疗成本降低、生活质量改善、心理韧性增强4类。
康复动机对治疗效果的影响机制已得到广泛研究证实。动机水平与康复效果呈显著正相关[29]。高动机病人表现出更强的治疗参与度,在脑卒中康复过程中,通过家庭互动和职业恢复等社会角色活动促进神经功能重塑,显著改善运动和认知功能。Sagen等[30]研究证实,动机驱动的治疗参与能够优化康复路径,通过目标设定和共同决策机制,最终提升病人的功能独立性。Berglund等[29]纵向研究显示,在多学科康复模式下,高动机病人在生理功能恢复方面表现更优,如肌肉骨骼疾病病人能够更快重返工作岗位。邹艳辉等[31]研究同样支持强烈的康复动机能够促进病人主动获取康复知识,积极参与治疗,从而加速身体功能恢复并提升生活质量。动机是预测康复进程的关键变量之一[32],即病人的动机水平与康复周期呈负相关,而与日常生活能力和运动功能恢复程度呈正相关[33]。动机缺乏的病人往往难以达到预期康复目标,且康复周期明显延长[8]。Rapolienė等[34]研究显示,病人的动机在康复初期以外在动机为主,随治疗推进内在动机逐渐增强,显著影响职业康复效果。
康复动机通过减少无效干预、重复检查等,降低医疗资源消耗。动机不足的病人往往依赖被动治疗(如过度药物干预),增加卫生系统负担。相反,内在动机驱动的病人倾向选择成本效益较高的康复策略。经济学评估显示,尽管多学科康复模式的初期投入较高,但由于动机增强带来的长期效益(如缩短病假时间和减少慢性病管理成本),使其经济性优于传统模式[35]。此外,动机提升可改善病人自我管理能力,有效降低再入院率,间接控制医疗成本。
康复动机通过增强社会参与和自我效能感显著改善病人的生活质量。脑卒中病人的社会参与动机与生活满意度呈正相关。Conversano等[36]研究指出,乐观态度作为动机心理基础,通过促进规律锻炼和社交互动等健康行为,提升病人的主观幸福感。Maclean等[8]研究表明,动机驱动的康复过程有助于病人实现个人价值,增强对生活的掌控感,从而全面提升生活质量。
康复动机与心理韧性之间存在双向强化效应。高动机病人表现出更强的逆境应对能力,能够通过积极归因方式将康复挑战转化为成长机遇,从而降低焦虑和抑郁风险。Livneh等[37]的时序适应模型表明,动机在心理适应过程中发挥关键作用,帮助病人从震惊否认阶段过渡到接受行动阶段,加速心理调适过程。同时,心理韧性的增强进一步巩固康复动机,形成良性循环,病人通过实现康复目标积累成功经验,建立信心,强化治疗动机。
该问卷由Chervinsky等[38]研发,旨在评估脑损伤病人的康复动机及兴趣。最初的受试者主要为脑外伤的军人,后续研究表明,该工具同样适用于脑卒中病人[39]。该问卷包含康复参与意愿、情绪调节能力、现实认知水平以及专业支持依赖度4个维度,共31个测量条目。各条目采用Likert 5级评分法,得分越高,表明个体的康复动机水平越强。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.91,表明该问卷具有良好的测量稳定性[40]。Kusec等[41]于2018年进行的跨文化验证研究进一步证实了该问卷的可靠性,其Cronbach's α系数提升至0.93,该问卷组内相关系数(ICC)为0.80,显示出良好的重测信度。目前,MOT-Q量表已在住院和门诊病人群体中得到广泛应用,其适用人群和临床场景已得到明确界定。尽管该量表在康复动机评估中具有一定的针对性,但该量表主要关注外部因素对康复动机的影响,忽视了内外因素共同作用的复杂性;且在效度验证方面仍存在局限,需要进一步地研究补充。
PRPS由Lenze等[42]于2004年开发,用于评估各种疾病病人在康复治疗中的动机水平。量表从“完全不参与(拒绝治疗)”到“非常积极参与(以最大努力参与所有练习并对未来治疗表现出高度兴趣)”设有6个参与度等级,量表得分越高,表明病人的实际参与程度越高。PRPS的Cronbach's α系数为0.90,其科学性和可靠性较高[43-44],并被意大利等[45]国家引入,跨文化研究证明其具有良好的心理测量学特性。侯永辉等[46]于2014年对该量表进行了汉化与本土化调试,开发出中文版PRPS,其Cronbach's α系数为0.856,显示出良好的文化适应性。PRPS操作简便、耗时短且信度良好,适合慢性病病人康复动机评估,在国际上应用广泛。但其评估主要侧重康复活动参与情况,未充分考虑病人个体差异,如疾病严重程度和身体功能,可能导致动机强但身体受限病人被误判为低动机[47]。使用时应结合病人特征综合判断,减少生理因素和病情进展对结果的影响,提升评估准确性。
该问卷由Oddy等[48]于2008年开发,专门用于评估脑损伤病人动机变化,包含34个评估条目。采用Likert 4级评分法,总分34~136分,得分越高,表明病人的动机障碍越显著。在心理测量学特性方面,BMQ-S的Cronbach's α系数为0.94,重测信度为0.90,折半信度为0.94,同时具有良好的内容效度。Kusec等[41]研究表明,BMQ-S在获得性脑损伤病人中能有效补充现有评估工具,为临床提供更深入的动机变化洞察。作为唯一能通过动机变化预测脑损伤严重程度的工具,BMQ-S有望成为标准评估工具。然而,该问卷主要聚焦内在动机的评估,未能充分考虑个人兴趣等可能影响动机的相关因素,仅关注内在动机的单一维度评估可能无法全面、客观地反映病人的真实动机水平。未来,需验证BMQ-S的全面性和准确性,并探索内外动机整合评估方法,以提高评估的科学性和实用性。
该量表由White等[49]于2012年在运动动机量表(SMS)[50]的基础上开发并验证。最初针对急性期脑卒中病人,随后逐渐涵盖亚急性期和慢性期病人群体。SRMS的理论框架基于自我决定理论,将动机划分为无动机、外在动机和内在动机3个核心维度,包括7个分量表,共28个评估条目。各条目采用Likert 5级评分法,总分越高,表明病人的康复动机水平越高。其中条目5、条目12和条目23采用反向计分方式,得分越高,表示反映动机水平越低。尽管SRMS展现出良好的信度水平,但其效度仍有待进一步验证。韩国学者Park等[51]对SRMS进行了系统的文化调适和翻译工作,开发出韩文版脑卒中康复动机量表(K-SRMS)。在文化适应过程中删除了4个内部一致性不足的项目,最终版本显示出良好的心理测量学特性。SRMS的优势在于评估内容全面,涵盖动机多个维度,条目简洁、易懂且数量适中,已在多个国家应用。然而,该量表目前缺乏中文版,限制了其在我国人群中的应用;普通人群的运动动机与脑卒中病人康复动机可能存在本质差异,需进一步验证是否影响量表适用性。未来需深入探讨这些问题,完善量表的跨文化适用性。
该量表由Yoshida等[27]于2022年基于项目反应理论(IRT)开发并进行本土验证,专门用于评估脑卒中病人的康复动机水平。该量表为单维度量表,共17个条目,从个体关系、社会关系和行为改变3个方面构建评估框架。采用最小最优数Likert 7级评分法[52],评分结果与病人的康复动机水平呈正相关。在心理测量学特性方面,MORE展现出优异的内部一致性,其Cronbach's α系数为0.948。该量表能够更全面地评估康复动机的不同层面,尤其对低动机病人群体具有更好的区分能力。然而,该量表目前仅有日文版,缺乏跨文化适应和验证研究;现有验证研究仅限于个别机构的小样本研究,尚需开展多中心、大样本的临床验证。此外,研究人群局限于初发脑卒中病人,未能涵盖复发和再入院病人群体,这限制了量表在更广泛临床场景中的应用。未来应针对这些局限性进行改进,以提高量表的跨文化适用性和临床实用性。
康复动机与治疗依从性分属心理驱动与行为执行2个维度。康复动机强调病人参与康复的内在驱动力(如自我决定理论中的自主性、目标认同),其核心是心理过程与价值观的整合,表现为主动参与意愿及长期目标的坚持[52]。治疗依从性则聚焦行为层面的配合程度(如按时服药、执行锻炼计划),以可观测的行动一致性为标志,受外部条件(如医患沟通、经济支持)直接影响[53]。两者的关联在于康复动机是依从性的内在基础,内在动机不足易导致行为配合的表面化或中断;而依从性作为外显指标,可反映动机水平并间接强化内在驱动(如通过正向行为反馈)。研究指出,动机干预(如动机性访谈)可提升依从性的质量与可持续性,而依从性数据(如用药记录)则为动机评估提供客观依据[54]。
本研究采用Walker和Avant概念分析方法,系统界定了康复动机的核心属性包括内在动力、心理过程和情绪因子3类,前置因素包括社会心理因素、社会人口学因素、疾病相关因素和康复服务因素4类,后果包括康复效果提升、医疗成本降低、生活质量改善、心理韧性增强4类。为增强理论的可操作性,本研究选取典型临床案例和临界案例进行深入分析,通过具体情境阐释康复动机的概念内涵,便于医护人员更直观地理解康复动机的复杂特征,为临床实践提供理论指导,为临床护士提供系统的评估框架,有助于准确识别和评估康复动机水平;同时,为制定个体化干预策略提供理论依据,有助于优化康复治疗效果。

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2026年第40卷第3期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.03.010
  • 接收时间:2025-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12
  • 修回日期:2026-01-07
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    1延边大学护理学院,吉林 133000
    2延边大学附属医院(延边医院)

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金英爱,E-mail:
JIN Ying'ai, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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