Article(id=1322167784562344687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167714660078002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747670400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-20, revisedDate=1766505600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158964529, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158964529, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158964529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158964529, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167714660078002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='177', pageEnd='352', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158947863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158947863, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=302, endPage=309, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322167786370089712, articleId=1322167784562344687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Health behavior change trajectories and influencing factors in stroke patients, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the trajectory of health behavior changes in stroke patients and to analyze the influencing factors based on the capacity,opportunity,motivation-behavior(COM-B) model.

Methods

A total of 186 stroke patients admitted to the department of neurology at a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhengzhou city were selected as the study subjects from January to October 2023.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ(HPLP Ⅱ),the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire(SPKQ),the Stroke Health Belief Model Scale Short Form(SF-HBMS),and an environmental domain subscale.Latent growth mixture modeling(LGMM) was used to identify and analyze the health behavior change trajectories in patients,and Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of different developmental trajectories.

Results

Four subgroups of health behavior change trajectories were identified in stroke patients,namely unstable health behavior group(14.5%),fluctuating health behavior group(12.9%),stable health behavior group(40.9%),and continuously improving health behavior group(31.7%).Multivariate analysis results showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI),smoking history,health knowledge,health beliefs,and environmental satisfaction were influencing factors of the health behavior change trajectories in stroke patients(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Individual differences exist in the developmental trajectories of health behaviors among stroke patients. Healthcare professionals could distinguish different populations based on influencing factors and implement precise,stratified interventions to promote the adoption of health behaviors.

, authors=Mengyu ZHANG1, Yuying XIE2, Xinxin ZHOU2, Peng ZHAO2, Yuanli GUO1, Yanjin LIU1, Li'na GUO1, authorsList=Mengyu ZHANG, Yuying XIE, Xinxin ZHOU, Peng ZHAO, Yuanli GUO, Yanjin LIU, Li'na GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li'na GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GUO Li'na, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322167787292836595, articleId=1322167784562344687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹及影响因素, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨脑卒中病人健康行为的变化轨迹,并基于能力、机会、动机-行为(COM-B)模型分析其影响因素。

方法

选取2023年1月—10月郑州市某三级甲等医院神经内科收治的186例脑卒中病人作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP Ⅱ)、脑卒中健康知识问卷(SPKQ)、脑卒中病人健康信念简表(SF-HBMS)、环境领域分量表进行调查。通过潜变量增长混合模型对病人的健康行为变化轨迹进行识别与分析,采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同发展轨迹的影响因素。

结果

脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹有4个亚组,分别为健康行为不稳定组(14.5%)、健康行为波动组(12.9%)、健康行为稳定组(40.9%)、健康行为持续改善组(31.7%)。多因素分析结果显示,查尔森合并症指数(CCI)得分、吸烟史、健康知识、健康信念、环境满意度是脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

脑卒中病人健康行为发展轨迹存在个体差异,医护人员可依据影响因素区分不同人群,实施精准、分层干预以促进其健康行为的实施。

, authors=张孟羽1, 谢钰莹2, 周欣馨2, 赵鹏2, 郭园丽1, 刘延锦1, 郭丽娜1, *, *, authorsList=张孟羽, 谢钰莹, 周欣馨, 赵鹏, 郭园丽, 刘延锦, 郭丽娜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郭丽娜, authorNote=

张孟羽,护士,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
郭丽娜,E-mail:
GUO Li'na, E-mail:
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journalName=Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Y,GUO L N,LIU Y J,et al.Can goal-based health management improve the health knowledge,health belief and health behavior in people at high risk of stroke?A non-randomized controlled trial[J].Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat,2021,17:3085-3095., articleTitle=Can goal-based health management improve the health knowledge,health belief and health behavior in people at high risk of stroke?A non-randomized controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529871109141373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=324, pageEnd=348, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=BIERBAUER W, INAUEN J, SCHAEFER S, journalName=Appl Psychol Health Well Being, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIERBAUER W,INAUEN J,SCHAEFER S,et al.Health behavior change in older adults:testing the health action process approach at the inter-and intraindividual level[J].Appl Psychol Health Well Being,2017,9(3):324-348., articleTitle=Health behavior change in older adults:testing the health action process approach at the inter-and intraindividual level, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322529858320708373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529858333291286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, companyId=1322529858320708373, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529858341679895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, companyId=1322529858320708373, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 450052)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322529859994235672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529860002624281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, companyId=1322529859994235672, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529860011012890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, companyId=1322529859994235672, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2郑州大学护理与健康学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322529862875722570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Trajectory changes in health behaviors of stroke patients, figureFileSmall=QO3i1qmbocsUTGz0bYqi4A==, figureFileBig=Qdb8eH/0Rn4G4SZ4EgVqsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322529864545055563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=图1, caption=脑卒中病人健康行为轨迹变化图, figureFileSmall=QO3i1qmbocsUTGz0bYqi4A==, figureFileBig=Qdb8eH/0Rn4G4SZ4EgVqsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322529864670884684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of HPLP Ⅱ scores of stroke patients at different time points(n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间得分
住院期间125.44±23.65
出院后1个月130.99±19.88
出院后3个月128.56±20.57
出院后6个月126.82±21.87
), ArticleFig(id=1322529864750576461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同时间脑卒中病人HPLP Ⅱ得分比较(n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间得分
住院期间125.44±23.65
出院后1个月130.99±19.88
出院后3个月128.56±20.57
出院后6个月126.82±21.87
), ArticleFig(id=1322529864834462542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Goodness-of-fit indices for LGMM of health behavior development trajectories in stroke patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
16 628.5036 657.5356 629.0291.0001.000
26 615.8926 654.6016 616.5930.8120.187<0.0010.860/0.140
36 617.4226 665.8086 618.2980.795<0.0010.6000.812/0.050/0.140
46 616.3876 674.4516 617.4380.814<0.001<0.0010.145/0.129/0.409/0.317
56 617.4976 685.2386 618.7240.7200.3070.3630.075/0.575/0.215/0.091/0.043
), ArticleFig(id=1322529864926737231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

脑卒中病人健康行为发展轨迹LGMM拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
16 628.5036 657.5356 629.0291.0001.000
26 615.8926 654.6016 616.5930.8120.187<0.0010.860/0.140
36 617.4226 665.8086 618.2980.795<0.0010.6000.812/0.050/0.140
46 616.3876 674.4516 617.4380.814<0.001<0.0010.145/0.129/0.409/0.317
56 617.4976 685.2386 618.7240.7200.3070.3630.075/0.575/0.215/0.091/0.043
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865002234704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors for health behavior change trajectories in stroke patients(n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类健康行为不稳定组(n=27)健康行为波动组(n=24)健康行为稳定组(n=76)健康行为持续改善组(n=59)P
居住地[例(%)]城镇8(29.63)7(29.17)11(14.47)24(40.68)0.080
农村19(70.37)17(70.83)65(85.53)35(59.32)
医保类型[例(%)]城镇居民/职工医保12(44.44)5(20.83)23(30.26)27(45.76)
新型农村合作医疗11(40.74)9(37.50)46(60.53)24(40.68)<0.001
自费/其他4(14.81)10(41.67)7(9.21)8(13.56)
配偶[例(%)]无0(0.00)2(8.33)0(0.00)2(3.39)0.042
有27(100.00)22(91.67)76(100.00)57(96.61)
CCI得分[例(%)]≤2分23(85.19)14(58.33)59(77.63)46(77.97)0.178
>2分4(14.81)10(41.67)17(22.37)13(22.03)
工作状态[例(%)]无业9(33.33)8(33.33)39(51.32)22(37.29)
离休/退休4(14.81)4(16.67)12(15.79)15(25.42)0.280
在职14(51.85)12(50.00)25(32.89)22(37.29)
月收入[例(%)]<3 000元14(51.85)11(45.83)47(61.84)35(59.32)
3 000~5 000元11(40.74)9(37.50)21(27.63)18(30.51)0.750
>5 000元2(7.41)4(16.67)8(10.53)6(10.17)
文化程度[例(%)]小学及以下9(33.33)5(20.83)29(38.16)21(35.59)
初中10(37.04)12(50.00)30(39.47)17(28.81)0.352
高中5(18.52)2(8.33)8(10.53)14(23.73)
本科及以上3(11.11)5(20.83)9(11.84)7(11.86)
吸烟史[例(%)]从不吸烟13(48.15)12(50.00)41(53.95)38(64.41)
吸烟12(44.44)8(33.33)27(35.53)16(27.12)0.211
已戒烟2(7.41)4(16.67)8(10.53)5(8.47)
饮酒史[例(%)]从不饮酒16(59.26)11(45.83)41(53.95)37(62.71)
饮酒8(29.63)11(45.83)29(38.16)19(32.20)0.776
已戒酒3(11.11)2(8.33)6(7.89)3(5.08)
家族史[例(%)]无23(85.19)15(62.50)60(78.95)48(81.36)0.199
有4(14.81)9(37.50)16(21.05)11(18.64)
TOAST分型[例(%)]大动脉粥样硬化13(48.15)13(54.17)47(61.84)38(64.41)
心源性栓塞1(3.70)1(4.17)5(6.58)3(5.08)0.752
小动脉闭塞10(37.04)5(20.83)17(22.37)9(15.25)
其他原因/不明病因3(11.11)5(20.83)7(9.21)9(15.25)
健康知识(x±s,分)24.79±7.7324.30±8.2523.55±8.7124.51±8.590.860
健康信念(x±s,分)75.50±10.9876.41±10.6878.62±9.7978.00±11.050.240
环境满意度(x±s,分)28.52±3.9529.50±3.8130.30±4.2228.50±4.250.069
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865098703697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹影响因素的单因素分析(n=186)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类健康行为不稳定组(n=27)健康行为波动组(n=24)健康行为稳定组(n=76)健康行为持续改善组(n=59)P
居住地[例(%)]城镇8(29.63)7(29.17)11(14.47)24(40.68)0.080
农村19(70.37)17(70.83)65(85.53)35(59.32)
医保类型[例(%)]城镇居民/职工医保12(44.44)5(20.83)23(30.26)27(45.76)
新型农村合作医疗11(40.74)9(37.50)46(60.53)24(40.68)<0.001
自费/其他4(14.81)10(41.67)7(9.21)8(13.56)
配偶[例(%)]无0(0.00)2(8.33)0(0.00)2(3.39)0.042
有27(100.00)22(91.67)76(100.00)57(96.61)
CCI得分[例(%)]≤2分23(85.19)14(58.33)59(77.63)46(77.97)0.178
>2分4(14.81)10(41.67)17(22.37)13(22.03)
工作状态[例(%)]无业9(33.33)8(33.33)39(51.32)22(37.29)
离休/退休4(14.81)4(16.67)12(15.79)15(25.42)0.280
在职14(51.85)12(50.00)25(32.89)22(37.29)
月收入[例(%)]<3 000元14(51.85)11(45.83)47(61.84)35(59.32)
3 000~5 000元11(40.74)9(37.50)21(27.63)18(30.51)0.750
>5 000元2(7.41)4(16.67)8(10.53)6(10.17)
文化程度[例(%)]小学及以下9(33.33)5(20.83)29(38.16)21(35.59)
初中10(37.04)12(50.00)30(39.47)17(28.81)0.352
高中5(18.52)2(8.33)8(10.53)14(23.73)
本科及以上3(11.11)5(20.83)9(11.84)7(11.86)
吸烟史[例(%)]从不吸烟13(48.15)12(50.00)41(53.95)38(64.41)
吸烟12(44.44)8(33.33)27(35.53)16(27.12)0.211
已戒烟2(7.41)4(16.67)8(10.53)5(8.47)
饮酒史[例(%)]从不饮酒16(59.26)11(45.83)41(53.95)37(62.71)
饮酒8(29.63)11(45.83)29(38.16)19(32.20)0.776
已戒酒3(11.11)2(8.33)6(7.89)3(5.08)
家族史[例(%)]无23(85.19)15(62.50)60(78.95)48(81.36)0.199
有4(14.81)9(37.50)16(21.05)11(18.64)
TOAST分型[例(%)]大动脉粥样硬化13(48.15)13(54.17)47(61.84)38(64.41)
心源性栓塞1(3.70)1(4.17)5(6.58)3(5.08)0.752
小动脉闭塞10(37.04)5(20.83)17(22.37)9(15.25)
其他原因/不明病因3(11.11)5(20.83)7(9.21)9(15.25)
健康知识(x±s,分)24.79±7.7324.30±8.2523.55±8.7124.51±8.590.860
健康信念(x±s,分)75.50±10.9876.41±10.6878.62±9.7978.00±11.050.240
环境满意度(x±s,分)28.52±3.9529.50±3.8130.30±4.2228.50±4.250.069
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865186784082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Assignment methods for variables

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变量赋值方式
医保类型自费/其他(0,0);城镇居民/职工医保(1,0);新型农村合作医疗(0,1)
配偶无=0;有=1
CCI得分>2分=0;≤2分=1
吸烟史从不吸烟(0,0);吸烟(1,0);已戒烟(0,1)
健康知识原值代入
健康信念原值代入
环境满意度原值代入
健康行为变化轨迹健康行为波动组(0,0,0);健康行为不稳定组(1,0,0);健康行为稳定组(0,1,0);健康行为持续改善组(0,0,1)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865262281555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

变量赋值方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
医保类型自费/其他(0,0);城镇居民/职工医保(1,0);新型农村合作医疗(0,1)
配偶无=0;有=1
CCI得分>2分=0;≤2分=1
吸烟史从不吸烟(0,0);吸烟(1,0);已戒烟(0,1)
健康知识原值代入
健康信念原值代入
环境满意度原值代入
健康行为变化轨迹健康行为波动组(0,0,0);健康行为不稳定组(1,0,0);健康行为稳定组(0,1,0);健康行为持续改善组(0,0,1)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865337779028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariate analysis of influencing factors for health behavior change trajectories in stroke patients

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类别自变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
健康行为不稳定组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保-0.0230.0270.7260.4050.977[0.926,1.032]
新型农村合作医疗0.9340.8501.2070.2722.545[0.485,13.360]
配偶 有-0.6161.6230.1440.7040.540[0.023,12.559]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.0950.7672.0380.1502.990[0.680,13.173]
吸烟史 吸烟-2.2070.9525.3730.0200.110[0.018,0.659]
已戒烟1.3841.0671.6820.1953.990[0.472,33.708]
健康知识2.1000.8176.5980.0108.160[1.723,38.650]
健康信念-1.8970.49314.790<0.0010.150[0.041,0.534]
环境满意度-1.2380.6014.2380.0400.290[0.086,0.964]
健康行为稳定组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保-0.0330.0340.9420.3320.968[0.906,1.035]
新型农村合作医疗-0.0740.0681.1940.2740.929[0.813,1.062]
配偶 有1.8021.4301.5880.2086.060[0.637,99.885]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.9220.7506.5720.0106.830[1.537,30.316]
吸烟史 吸烟1.1220.7822.0580.1513.070[0.661,14.210]
已戒烟1.3270.8382.5100.1133.770[0.733,19.362]
健康知识1.9780.9134.6920.0307.230[1.234,42.292]
健康信念-1.3900.7033.9070.0480.249[0.063,0.988]
环境满意度1.7260.6696.6550.0105.620[1.437,21.956]
健康行为持续改善组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保0.4930.7610.4200.5171.637[0.510,5.253]
新型农村合作医疗-0.0090.0270.1110.7390.991[0.941,1.044]
配偶 有-0.7851.0590.5500.4580.456[0.057,3.661]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.2270.6343.7480.0513.412[0.996,11.682]
吸烟史 吸烟1.1410.8431.8340.1763.131[0.594,16.494]
已戒烟0.8900.9160.9440.3312.436[0.406,14.606]
健康知识0.0580.0293.9490.0471.060[1.001,1.122]
健康信念1.4230.7094.0320.0454.150[1.035,16.647]
环境满意度0.0650.0700.8520.3561.067[0.930,1.225]
), ArticleFig(id=1322529865455219541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167784562344687, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别自变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
健康行为不稳定组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保-0.0230.0270.7260.4050.977[0.926,1.032]
新型农村合作医疗0.9340.8501.2070.2722.545[0.485,13.360]
配偶 有-0.6161.6230.1440.7040.540[0.023,12.559]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.0950.7672.0380.1502.990[0.680,13.173]
吸烟史 吸烟-2.2070.9525.3730.0200.110[0.018,0.659]
已戒烟1.3841.0671.6820.1953.990[0.472,33.708]
健康知识2.1000.8176.5980.0108.160[1.723,38.650]
健康信念-1.8970.49314.790<0.0010.150[0.041,0.534]
环境满意度-1.2380.6014.2380.0400.290[0.086,0.964]
健康行为稳定组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保-0.0330.0340.9420.3320.968[0.906,1.035]
新型农村合作医疗-0.0740.0681.1940.2740.929[0.813,1.062]
配偶 有1.8021.4301.5880.2086.060[0.637,99.885]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.9220.7506.5720.0106.830[1.537,30.316]
吸烟史 吸烟1.1220.7822.0580.1513.070[0.661,14.210]
已戒烟1.3270.8382.5100.1133.770[0.733,19.362]
健康知识1.9780.9134.6920.0307.230[1.234,42.292]
健康信念-1.3900.7033.9070.0480.249[0.063,0.988]
环境满意度1.7260.6696.6550.0105.620[1.437,21.956]
健康行为持续改善组医保类型 城镇居民/职工医保0.4930.7610.4200.5171.637[0.510,5.253]
新型农村合作医疗-0.0090.0270.1110.7390.991[0.941,1.044]
配偶 有-0.7851.0590.5500.4580.456[0.057,3.661]
CCI得分 ≤2分1.2270.6343.7480.0513.412[0.996,11.682]
吸烟史 吸烟1.1410.8431.8340.1763.131[0.594,16.494]
已戒烟0.8900.9160.9440.3312.436[0.406,14.606]
健康知识0.0580.0293.9490.0471.060[1.001,1.122]
健康信念1.4230.7094.0320.0454.150[1.035,16.647]
环境满意度0.0650.0700.8520.3561.067[0.930,1.225]
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脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹及影响因素
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张孟羽 1 , 谢钰莹 2 , 周欣馨 2 , 赵鹏 2 , 郭园丽 1 , 刘延锦 1 , 郭丽娜 1, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(2): 302-309
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (2) : 302 -309
脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹及影响因素
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张孟羽,护士,硕士研究生

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张孟羽1, 谢钰莹2, 周欣馨2, 赵鹏2, 郭园丽1, 刘延锦1, 郭丽娜1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 450052
  • 2郑州大学护理与健康学院
通讯作者:
郭丽娜,E-mail:
GUO Li'na, E-mail:
作者简介:

张孟羽,护士,硕士研究生

Health behavior change trajectories and influencing factors in stroke patients
Mengyu ZHANG1, Yuying XIE2, Xinxin ZHOU2, Peng ZHAO2, Yuanli GUO1, Yanjin LIU1, Li'na GUO1
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450052 China
  • 2School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University
  • Corresponding Author:
    GUO Li'na, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.016
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目的

探讨脑卒中病人健康行为的变化轨迹,并基于能力、机会、动机-行为(COM-B)模型分析其影响因素。

方法

选取2023年1月—10月郑州市某三级甲等医院神经内科收治的186例脑卒中病人作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ(HPLP Ⅱ)、脑卒中健康知识问卷(SPKQ)、脑卒中病人健康信念简表(SF-HBMS)、环境领域分量表进行调查。通过潜变量增长混合模型对病人的健康行为变化轨迹进行识别与分析,采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同发展轨迹的影响因素。

结果

脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹有4个亚组,分别为健康行为不稳定组(14.5%)、健康行为波动组(12.9%)、健康行为稳定组(40.9%)、健康行为持续改善组(31.7%)。多因素分析结果显示,查尔森合并症指数(CCI)得分、吸烟史、健康知识、健康信念、环境满意度是脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹的影响因素(P<0.05)。

结论

脑卒中病人健康行为发展轨迹存在个体差异,医护人员可依据影响因素区分不同人群,实施精准、分层干预以促进其健康行为的实施。

脑卒中  /  健康行为  /  变化轨迹  /  能力、机会、动机-行为(COM-B)模型  /  影响因素  /  护理
Objective

To explore the trajectory of health behavior changes in stroke patients and to analyze the influencing factors based on the capacity,opportunity,motivation-behavior(COM-B) model.

Methods

A total of 186 stroke patients admitted to the department of neurology at a tertiary grade A hospital in Zhengzhou city were selected as the study subjects from January to October 2023.Data were collected using a general information questionnaire,the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ(HPLP Ⅱ),the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire(SPKQ),the Stroke Health Belief Model Scale Short Form(SF-HBMS),and an environmental domain subscale.Latent growth mixture modeling(LGMM) was used to identify and analyze the health behavior change trajectories in patients,and Logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influencing factors of different developmental trajectories.

Results

Four subgroups of health behavior change trajectories were identified in stroke patients,namely unstable health behavior group(14.5%),fluctuating health behavior group(12.9%),stable health behavior group(40.9%),and continuously improving health behavior group(31.7%).Multivariate analysis results showed that Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI),smoking history,health knowledge,health beliefs,and environmental satisfaction were influencing factors of the health behavior change trajectories in stroke patients(P<0.05).

Conclusions

Individual differences exist in the developmental trajectories of health behaviors among stroke patients. Healthcare professionals could distinguish different populations based on influencing factors and implement precise,stratified interventions to promote the adoption of health behaviors.

stroke  /  health behavior  /  change trajectory  /  capacity,opportunity,motivation-behavior(COM-B) model  /  influencing factors  /  nursing
张孟羽, 谢钰莹, 周欣馨, 赵鹏, 郭园丽, 刘延锦, 郭丽娜. 脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹及影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (2) : 302 -309 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.016
Mengyu ZHANG, Yuying XIE, Xinxin ZHOU, Peng ZHAO, Yuanli GUO, Yanjin LIU, Li'na GUO. Health behavior change trajectories and influencing factors in stroke patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (2) : 302 -309 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.016
脑卒中因高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率、高复发率及高经济负担等特征,成为严重威胁人类健康的公共卫生问题[1-2]。脑卒中是我国成人致死、致残的首要病因,防控形势严峻。已有研究结果表明,94.3%的脑卒中发生与可干预危险因素密切相关[3],健康行为对于预防和改善危险因素至关重要[4]。健康行为指个体为了预防疾病或促进健康而采取的行动[5]。现有研究往往集中在现状调查,忽略了健康行为的动态变化,病人健康行为精准干预策略缺失[6-8],对于脑卒中病人健康行为的研究未遵循行为变化的内在机制。能力、机会、动机-行为(capacity,opportunity,motivation-behavior,COM-B)模型从能力、机会、动机三方面解释了行为发生改变必须的条件。能力、机会和动机相互影响、相互作用从而产生可持续的行为变化[9],为揭示健康行为的内在机制提供了理论基础,其中,能力指个体参与健康行为的能力;动机表示激励和指导健康行为的大脑活动过程;机会是促进或阻碍个体行为发生的外部因素[10]。纵向研究是通过长期、多次观测同一研究对象,分析其随时间变化的趋势,从而揭示发展趋势或动态变化规律的研究设计[11-13]。潜变量增长混合模型(latent growth mixture modeling,LGMM)作为一种高级的纵向数据分析统计方法,可以描述各类别变化情况,估计每个类别占主体病人的概率,可为识别病人健康行为变化轨迹特征提供方法学基础[14-16]。本研究通过LGMM识别脑卒中病人健康行为的动态变化轨迹,并基于COM-B模型分析其影响因素,以期为后续探讨脑卒中病人健康行为发展变化,制定精准化干预提供参考依据与实践支持。
选取2023年1月—10月郑州市某三级甲等医院神经内科收治的脑卒中病人作为研究对象。纳入标准:1)年龄≥18岁;2)首次确诊为缺血性脑卒中[17];3)简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分≥24分[18],可以正常沟通;4)同意参与本研究并愿意接受出院后随访。排除标准:1)合并其他系统疾病(如重要脏器衰竭等),生活自理能力受限;2)正在参加类似研究;3)存在精神疾病和沟通障碍。剔除标准:1)在随访期间病情恶化、并发其他严重疾病甚至死亡;2)因个人原因而中途退出。样本量计算:采用G*power估算软件并依据单样本重复设计样本含量估计表进行估算[19],本研究中对研究对象在规定时间点进行4次测量,平均相关系数为0.50,在效应量f=0.14、α=0.05、power>0.8的情况下,总样本量为152 例,考虑到15%的预期失访率,将计划样本量扩充,最终实际纳入186例病人。本研究已获得郑州大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准(编号:2022-KY-1168-001),调查对象均签署知情同意书。
由研究者所在课题组根据疾病特点通过讨论设计而成,包括居住地、医保类型、配偶、查尔森合并症指数(Charlson Comorbidity Index,CCI)得分、工作状态、月收入、文化程度、吸烟史、饮酒史、家族史、急性缺血性脑卒中试验(TOAST)分型等内容。
由Walker等在原HPLP基础上修订[20],并被Lee等[21]翻译为中文版本,主要用于评价受访者的健康行为水平。该量表包括自我实现(9个条目)、健康责任(9个条目)、 运动(8个条目)、营养(9个条目)、人际关系(9个条目)、压力应对(8个条目)6个维度,共52个条目。每个条目采用1~4级计分方式,总分为52~208分,得分越高表明健康行为水平越好。本研究中该量表Cronbach's α系数为0.91。
由万丽红等[22]研制,包括生活起居(8个条目)、运动(4个条目)、饮食(4个条目)、危险因素(5个条目)、服药(5个条目)、血压检测(2个条目)、卒中征兆(6个条目)、卒中处理(2个条目)8个维度,共36个条目。回答“知道”计1分,“不知道”不计分,总分0~36分。本研究中该量表Cronbach'α系数为0.87。
由万丽红等[23]对中文版健康信念量表简化形成,用于测量病人的健康信念水平,包括疾病易感性、疾病严重性、健康动力、自我效能、感知健康行为的益处、感知健康行为的障碍6个维度,共20个条目,采用Likert 5级评分,从“非常不同意”至“非常同意”依次计1~5分,其中感知健康行为的障碍维度反向计分。本研究中该量表Cronbach's α系数为0.835,信效度良好。
采用世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL-BREF)的环境领域分量表评估病人对所处环境的满意度[24],采用1~4级计分,最低分为8分,最高分为40分,得分越高表明对其环境越满意。本研究中该分量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.854。
采用纵向调查法,时间节点设置在病人住院期间病情稳定后以及出院后1个月、3个月、6个月。通过病历资料筛选符合标准的病人,在病人病情平稳及非治疗时段讲解本研究的意义及注意事项等,签署知情同意书后开始调查,住院期间采用面对面调查,随访期间为病人建立随访档案,根据随访计划表通过电话对病人进行定期随访。共发放问卷209份,随访期间23例病人由于疾病复发、电话沟通存在困难、自我感觉浪费时间等原因退出随访,最终回收有效问卷186份,问卷有效回收率为89.0%。
采用IBM SPSS 27.0和Mplus 8.3软件进行数据分析。定量资料符合正态分布采用均数±标准差(x¯±s)表示,定性资料采用例数和百分比(%)表示。采用主体内效应检验对不同时间病人的HPLP Ⅱ得分进行比较。通过LGMM对脑卒中病人的健康行为进行分析以探究发展轨迹及类别。LGMM拟合指标主要包括艾凯克信息准则(AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)、样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则(aBIC)、熵(Entropy)、罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比(LMRT)和Bootstrap似然比检验(BLRT)其中,AIC和BIC值越低提示模型拟合越佳;Entropy范围为0~1,数值越接近1表示分类的准确度越好;LMRT与BLRT有统计学意义说明模型拟合较优。采用χ2检验、Fisher精确概率法、方差分析进行不同轨迹类别病人健康行为变化轨迹影响因素的单因素分析,并以脑卒中病人轨迹类别作为因变量,以单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的变量作为自变量,通过Logistic回归探讨脑卒中病人轨迹类别的影响因素。以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
根据LGMM的特点,设置1~5个类别进行模型拟合,结果显示,当拟合类别为4时,Entropy>0.8且LMRT、BLRT均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。综合分析各拟合指标、模型类别概率,选择4类别作为最终模型。详见表2。
根据变化轨迹特征对4个类别脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹进行命名,类别1共27例病人(14.5%),其出院1个月、3个月HPLP Ⅱ得分变化较大,故命名为“健康行为不稳定组”;类别2共24例病人(12.9%),其出院6个月HPLP Ⅱ得分最高,与类别1相比波动幅度较平稳,故命名为“健康行为波动组”;类别3共76例病人(40.9%),其住院期间HPLP Ⅱ得分较低,之后缓慢持续上升,故命名为“健康行为稳定组”;类别4共59例病人(31.7%),其住院期间HPLP Ⅱ得分较低,之后快速上升,故命名为“健康行为持续改善组”。见图1。
以脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹类别为因变量,以脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹影响因素单因素分析中有统计学意义(P<0.05)的变量及研究者关注的变量(CCI得分、吸烟史、健康知识、健康信念、环境满意度)为自变量,进行多因素分析。多因素分析结果显示,CCI得分、吸烟史、健康知识、健康信念、环境满意度是脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹的影响因素(P<0.05)。变量赋值方式见表4。多因素分析结果见表5。
3.1 脑卒中病人健康行为发展轨迹存在群体异质性
本研究通过LGMM识别出脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹的4个亚组,分别为健康行为不稳定组、健康行为波动组、健康行为稳定组、健康行为持续改善组。提示病人健康行为变化轨迹具有群体异质性。4个亚组中,健康行为不稳定组(14.5%)、健康行为波动组(12.9%)占比较少,表明只有少数病人健康行为变化较大,可能是由于健康行为是长期形成的,其改变与维持往往需要外界干预与支持。这为基于COM-B模型的干预提供了基础。健康行为持续改善组病人占31.7%,高于Kim等[25]的研究结果,可能与研究人群文化程度及疾病严重程度不同有关。健康行为稳定组病人最多,占40.9%,积极的环境因素对病人的健康行为具有促进作用,病人在医院接受脑卒中相关知识且随着疾病治疗使疾病带来的负面影响逐渐下降,病人健康行为逐渐趋于稳定。该类病人符合COM-B模型的内在作用机制,提示研究者应关注病人能力与信念的动态变化,聚焦行为可持续性并探究内在机制,以促进健康行为的长期维持[26]。
3.2 健康行为不稳定组与健康行为波动组比较,吸烟、健康信念及环境满意度较高的病人更易进入健康行为波动组,健康知识水平较高的病人更易进入健康行为不稳定组
1)已有研究结果显示,吸烟是一种稳定的不良习惯,有吸烟习惯的病人可能存在多种不健康行为,如不良饮食偏好、身体活动量不足[27]。病人在顽固的行为惯性和改变意愿之间保持微妙的动态平衡[28-31]。针对此类人群重点应进一步提高信念,提升其自我效能感[32-34]。可根据COM-B模型设计个体化干预以达到帮助病人戒烟的目的[35-37]。同时,已有研究结果显示,处于较健康环境中的病人更易获取较佳的健康资源,倾向于更健康的行为[38]。故医护人员可以依据COM-B模型通过改变病人周围环境,提升其动机及能力等,强化病人的戒烟行为,促进对健康行为的维持。2)病人健康信念及环境满意度较高有利于帮助其采取健康的行为,当病人健康信念及环境满意度较低时,动机会成为病人健康行为维持的重要内在力量,动机不足会使行为呈现不稳定、易反复的特征[39]。故在临床实践中,医护人员应优先识别健康信念较低、对居住环境不满意的病人,积极采取干预措施有效强化病人的内在动机。环境在健康行为中发挥关键作用[34],医护人员在制定干预措施时,应考虑环境因素,充分发挥其作用促使行为改变及维持。
3.3 健康行为稳定组与健康行为波动组相比,共病水平较低、健康知识水平和环境满意度较高的病人更易进入健康行为稳定组,健康信念较高的病人更易进入健康行为波动组;健康行为持续改善组与健康行为波动组相比,健康知识水平、信念水平较高的病人更易进入健康行为持续改善组
1)CCI得分较低的病人受到的疾病影响较小,病人多持乐观态度,且该类病人往往具备一定的自理能力,更易参加康复训练。且在长期与慢性病共存的过程中,病人会具备一定的管理经验,健康行为趋于稳定。2)知识是改变行为的基础。医护人员应关注对病人进行脑卒中相关知识的教育,帮助其了解疾病,从而建立良好的动机,充分利用行为改变技术中的行为归因、物质奖励等进一步促进病人健康行为的实施。3)环境满意度较高,行为则具有稳定的特征,环境满意度对健康行为的影响路径可结合理论域框架进一步探讨。4)健康信念较高的病人更倾向于选择有利于健康的行为[40]。临床工作人员可基于COM-B模型设计系统化干预方案,充分发挥环境中的有利因素,提高病人健康信念,促使病人主动转变,实施健康行为。
本研究识别出了4个类别脑卒中病人健康行为变化轨迹并分析了其影响因素,有利于为提高病人的健康行为制定针对性措施。本研究也存在不足之处,研究仅在郑州市1所医院选取样本,具有地域局限性;仅追踪了病人6个月的健康行为变化轨迹。未来可设计混合研究深入探讨影响变化轨迹的因素,在此基础上根据不同亚组的影响因素设计精准的健康行为管理方案,提高其健康行为水平。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.016
  • 接收时间:2025-05-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-20
  • 修回日期:2025-12-24
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    1郑州大学第一附属医院,河南 450052
    2郑州大学护理与健康学院

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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