Article(id=1322167746528391354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167714660078002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743350400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-31, revisedDate=1760889600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158955461, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158955461, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158955461, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158955461, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167714660078002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='177', pageEnd='352', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158947863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158947863, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=279, endPage=285, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322167746754883771, articleId=1322167746528391354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction of the initial draft of patient-reported outcome scale for pneumoconiosis under the disease-syndrome combination model, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To preliminarily construct a patient-reported outcome(PRO) scale for pneumoconiosis under the disease-syndrome combination model using the Delphi method.To provide a basis for the development of a formal scale.

Methods

The framework of the PRO scale for pneumoconiosis was established under the disease-syndrome combination model.The scale item pool was drafted by the research team through literature analysis,interview,and derivation methods following group discussions.Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method.The reliability and validity of the initial draft scale were tested.

Results

The effective questionnaire recovery rates for the two rounds of consultations were 85% and 94%,respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.900 and 0.785,respectively.The average importance scores of items ranged from 2.29 to 4.76 and ranged from 3.35 to 4.82,respectively.The full score rates ranged from 0 to 82% and ranged from 18% to 82%, respectively. The Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.415 and 0.243,respectively(both P<0.001).The coefficient of variation were ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 and ranged from 0.08 to 0.35,respectively.The item-level content validity indices ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 and ranged from 0.76 to 1.00,respectively.The average scale-level content validity indices were 0.87 and 0.97,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficients for the total scale were 0.992 and 0.966,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficients for the various domains ranged from 0.893 to 0.989 and ranged from 0.751 to 0.941,respectively.Ultimately,the initial draft of the pneumoconiosis PRO scale was established,which comprises 49 items across the physiological,psychological,social,and satisfaction domains.

Conclusions

The initial draft of the pneumoconiosis PRO scale was consistent with the disease characteristics of pneumoconiosis and could be used to evaluate the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.It could provide a scientific basis for the development of a formal scale and offer an appropriate evaluation tool for clinical research.

, authors=Yuan WANG1, 2, Boqian SUN1, 2, Hulei ZHAO1, 2, authorsList=Yuan WANG, Boqian SUN, Hulei ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hulei ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO Hulei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322167747123982524, articleId=1322167746528391354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=病证结合模式下尘肺病患者报告结局量表初稿的构建, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于德尔菲法初步构建病证结合模式下的尘肺病患者报告结局(PRO)量表,为正式量表的形成提供依据。

方法

在病证结合模式下构建尘肺病PRO量表框架,采用文献分析法、访谈法、推导法筛选条目,经研究小组讨论拟定量表条目池,采用德尔菲法对专家进行2轮函询,对量表初稿进行信效度检验。

结果

2轮函询的问卷有效回收率分别为85%和94%,专家权威系数分别为0.900和0.785,条目重要性均分分别为2.29~4.76分和3.35~4.82分,满分率分别为0~82%和18%~82%,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.415和0.243(均P<0.001),变异系数分别为0.11~0.49和0.08~0.35,条目水平的内容效度指数分别为0.41~1.00和0.76~1.00,量表水平的平均内容效度指数分别为0.87和0.97,总量表的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.992和0.966,各领域的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.893~0.989和0.751~0.941。最终建立了包含生理领域、心理领域、社会领域、满意度领域共49个条目的尘肺病PRO量表初稿。

结论

构建的尘肺病PRO量表初稿符合尘肺病疾病特点,可用于评价尘肺病病人生存质量,为正式量表的编制提供科学依据,为临床研究提供适宜的评价工具。

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王媛,硕士研究生在读

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赵虎雷,E-mail:
ZHAO Hulei, E-mail:
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unstructuredReference=罗凤萍,王焕强,李涛.基于EQ-5D-3L尘肺合并肺结核患者自报健康相关生命质量及影响因素分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2024,42(6):432-441., articleTitle=基于EQ-5D-3L尘肺合并肺结核患者自报健康相关生命质量及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911215075485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1970, volume=2, issue=2, pageStart=92, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=BORG G, journalName=Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BORG G.Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress[J].Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,1970,2(2):92-98., articleTitle=Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911273795742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=478, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=汪向东, journalName=中国心理卫生杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1999(增订版):472-478., articleTitle=心理卫生评定量表手册, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911340904607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=85, issue=Suppl B, pageStart=25, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=JONES P W, QUIRK F H, BAVEYSTOCK C M, journalName=Respiratory Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JONES P W,QUIRK F H,BAVEYSTOCK C M.The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire[J].Respiratory Medicine,1991,85(Suppl B):25-31;discussion 33-37., articleTitle=The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911408013472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=43, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=XIANG Y T, CHIU H F K, UNGVARI G S, journalName=Current Opinion in Psychiatry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIANG Y T,CHIU H F K,UNGVARI G S.Quality of life and mental health in Chinese culture[J].Current Opinion in Psychiatry,2010,23(1):43-47., articleTitle=Quality of life and mental health in Chinese culture, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911475122337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=232, issue=null, pageStart=1062, pageEnd=1075, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=HUANG X R, CHEN H, LONG R Y, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG X R,CHEN H,LONG R Y,et al.Development and validation of the Quality of Life Scale for Chinese coal Miners with Pneumoconiosis(QOL-CMP):measurement method and empirical study[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,232:1062-1075., articleTitle=Development and validation of the Quality of Life Scale for Chinese coal Miners with Pneumoconiosis(QOL-CMP):measurement method and empirical study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911538036898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=1, pageStart=2230, pageEnd=2236, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=DRUMM S, BRADLEY C, MORIARTY F, journalName=Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRUMM S,BRADLEY C,MORIARTY F.'More of an art than a science'?The development,design and mechanics of the Delphi technique[J].Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy,2022,18(1):2230-2236., articleTitle='More of an art than a science'?The development,design and mechanics of the Delphi technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911617728675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=26, issue=10, pageStart=2241, pageEnd=2244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=陈钢, 武曦蔼, 杨丽萍, journalName=中华中医药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈钢,武曦蔼,杨丽萍,等.基于专家问卷调查及德尔菲法的糖尿病肾病中医证候研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2011,26(10):2241-2244., articleTitle=基于专家问卷调查及德尔菲法的糖尿病肾病中医证候研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911705809060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=29, issue=7, pageStart=2120, pageEnd=2124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=王明航, 李建生, 李素云, journalName=中华中医药杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明航,李建生,李素云,等.基于专家问卷调查的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期疗效评价指标体系的建立[J].中华中医药杂志,2014,29(7):2120-2124., articleTitle=基于专家问卷调查的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期疗效评价指标体系的建立, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529911785500837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=9, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=张磊, 王梓宁, 佟琳, journalName=中国中医药图书情报杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张磊,王梓宁,佟琳,等.中医量表研制中应用德尔菲法的文献计量学分析[J].中国中医药图书情报杂志,2019,43(4):9-12., articleTitle=中医量表研制中应用德尔菲法的文献计量学分析, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322529904978145368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529904990728281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, companyId=1322529904978145368, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan 450003 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529905003311194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, companyId=1322529904978145368, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1河南中医药大学第一附属医院,河南 450003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322529905108168795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529905116557404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, companyId=1322529905108168795, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Ministry of Education of P.R.China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529905124946013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, companyId=1322529905108168795, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院/河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322529906974634108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of experts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类第1轮(n=17)第2轮(n=17)
性别男11(64.71)11(64.71)
女6(35.29)6(35.29)
年龄35~45岁5(29.41)6(35.29)
>45~55岁9(52.94)8(47.06)
>55岁3(17.65)3(17.65)
学历本科7(41.18)6(35.29)
硕士研究生6(35.29)6(35.29)
博士研究生4(23.53)5(29.41)
职称中级2(11.76)2(11.76)
副高级3(17.65)4(23.53)
高级12(70.59)11(64.71)
工作年限5~15年3(17.65)4(23.53)
>15~30年10(58.82)9(52.94)
>30年4(23.53)4(23.53)
单位所在地区东北2(11.76)2(11.76)
华北3(17.65)2(11.76)
华中7(41.18)7(41.18)
华东3(17.65)3(17.65)
华南0(0.00)1(5.88)
西北2(11.76)2(11.76)
专业学科职业病4(23.53)4(23.53)
呼吸疾病13(76.47)12(70.59)
量表研究0(0.00)1(5.88)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529907045937277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

专家基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类第1轮(n=17)第2轮(n=17)
性别男11(64.71)11(64.71)
女6(35.29)6(35.29)
年龄35~45岁5(29.41)6(35.29)
>45~55岁9(52.94)8(47.06)
>55岁3(17.65)3(17.65)
学历本科7(41.18)6(35.29)
硕士研究生6(35.29)6(35.29)
博士研究生4(23.53)5(29.41)
职称中级2(11.76)2(11.76)
副高级3(17.65)4(23.53)
高级12(70.59)11(64.71)
工作年限5~15年3(17.65)4(23.53)
>15~30年10(58.82)9(52.94)
>30年4(23.53)4(23.53)
单位所在地区东北2(11.76)2(11.76)
华北3(17.65)2(11.76)
华中7(41.18)7(41.18)
华东3(17.65)3(17.65)
华南0(0.00)1(5.88)
西北2(11.76)2(11.76)
专业学科职业病4(23.53)4(23.53)
呼吸疾病13(76.47)12(70.59)
量表研究0(0.00)1(5.88)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529907121434750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Initial draft of the pneumoconiosis PRO Scale

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
领域条目
生理A1 您咳嗽吗?
A2 您的咳嗽会因异常刺激而加重吗(刺激性气味、瞬时的气温变化等)?
A3 您有咳嗽无力吗?
A4 您咯痰吗?
A5 您咯痰时有痰中带血吗?
A6 您咳嗽时痰容易咳出吗?
A7 您的咯痰会因异常刺激而加重吗(刺激性气味、瞬时的气温变化等)?
A8 您不活动时感到胸闷、气促吗?
A9 您日常活动时胸闷、气促会加重吗(如工作、家务或休闲活动等)?
A10 您感到胸痛吗?
A11 您精力充沛吗?
A12 您睡眠好吗?
A13 您经常感冒吗?
A14 您经常容易出汗吗?
A15 您胃口好吗?
A16 您感到腹胀吗?
A17 您感到自己消瘦了吗?
A18 您能察觉到发绀吗(嘴唇、指甲、皮肤等颜色变暗)?
A19 您感到心慌吗?
A20 您有下肢浮肿吗?
A21 您对自己的健康状况满意吗?
心理B1 您对治疗尘肺有信心吗?
B2 您因为您的疾病而感到情绪低落吗?
B3 您因为您的疾病而感到孤独吗?
B4 您因为您的疾病而感到自责吗?
B5 您因为您的疾病而感到焦虑不安吗?
B6 您因为您的疾病而感到担忧吗?
B7 您因为您的疾病而感到自卑吗?
B8 您因为您的疾病而感到痛苦吗?
B9 您因为您的疾病而感到烦躁易怒吗?
B10 您感到自己身体变弱了吗?
B11 您对外界事物兴趣降低了吗?
社会C1 您的疾病影响您的工作/学习吗?
C2 您的疾病使您只能完成一部分自己想做的事情吗?
C3 您的疾病影响您照顾自己吗(如洗漱、穿衣、吃饭等)?
C4 您的疾病影响您照顾家人吗(如父母、孩子、爱人等)?
C5 您的疾病影响您日常活动吗(如家务、休闲活动等)?
C6 您的疾病影响您社会活动吗(如走亲访友、乘坐公共交通等)?
C7 您的疾病影响您和家人朋友的关系了吗?
C8 您对自己从家庭/亲友得到的支持满意吗(如精神鼓励、经济支持、体力援助等)?
C9 您的疾病影响家庭的经济状况吗?
满意度D1 您能得到社会医疗体系的支持吗(如公费医疗)?
D2 您对得到医疗保健服务的方便程度满意吗?
D3 您对得到医疗保健服务的质量满意吗?
D4 您对看病环境满意吗?
D5 您信任您的主管医生吗?
D6 您担心药物副作用吗?
D7 您能规律服药吗?
D8 您对目前的治疗效果满意吗?
), ArticleFig(id=1322529907209515135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322167746528391354, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

尘肺病PRO量表初稿

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
领域条目
生理A1 您咳嗽吗?
A2 您的咳嗽会因异常刺激而加重吗(刺激性气味、瞬时的气温变化等)?
A3 您有咳嗽无力吗?
A4 您咯痰吗?
A5 您咯痰时有痰中带血吗?
A6 您咳嗽时痰容易咳出吗?
A7 您的咯痰会因异常刺激而加重吗(刺激性气味、瞬时的气温变化等)?
A8 您不活动时感到胸闷、气促吗?
A9 您日常活动时胸闷、气促会加重吗(如工作、家务或休闲活动等)?
A10 您感到胸痛吗?
A11 您精力充沛吗?
A12 您睡眠好吗?
A13 您经常感冒吗?
A14 您经常容易出汗吗?
A15 您胃口好吗?
A16 您感到腹胀吗?
A17 您感到自己消瘦了吗?
A18 您能察觉到发绀吗(嘴唇、指甲、皮肤等颜色变暗)?
A19 您感到心慌吗?
A20 您有下肢浮肿吗?
A21 您对自己的健康状况满意吗?
心理B1 您对治疗尘肺有信心吗?
B2 您因为您的疾病而感到情绪低落吗?
B3 您因为您的疾病而感到孤独吗?
B4 您因为您的疾病而感到自责吗?
B5 您因为您的疾病而感到焦虑不安吗?
B6 您因为您的疾病而感到担忧吗?
B7 您因为您的疾病而感到自卑吗?
B8 您因为您的疾病而感到痛苦吗?
B9 您因为您的疾病而感到烦躁易怒吗?
B10 您感到自己身体变弱了吗?
B11 您对外界事物兴趣降低了吗?
社会C1 您的疾病影响您的工作/学习吗?
C2 您的疾病使您只能完成一部分自己想做的事情吗?
C3 您的疾病影响您照顾自己吗(如洗漱、穿衣、吃饭等)?
C4 您的疾病影响您照顾家人吗(如父母、孩子、爱人等)?
C5 您的疾病影响您日常活动吗(如家务、休闲活动等)?
C6 您的疾病影响您社会活动吗(如走亲访友、乘坐公共交通等)?
C7 您的疾病影响您和家人朋友的关系了吗?
C8 您对自己从家庭/亲友得到的支持满意吗(如精神鼓励、经济支持、体力援助等)?
C9 您的疾病影响家庭的经济状况吗?
满意度D1 您能得到社会医疗体系的支持吗(如公费医疗)?
D2 您对得到医疗保健服务的方便程度满意吗?
D3 您对得到医疗保健服务的质量满意吗?
D4 您对看病环境满意吗?
D5 您信任您的主管医生吗?
D6 您担心药物副作用吗?
D7 您能规律服药吗?
D8 您对目前的治疗效果满意吗?
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病证结合模式下尘肺病患者报告结局量表初稿的构建
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王媛 1, 2 , 孙博倩 1, 2 , 赵虎雷 1, 2, *, *
护理研究 | 量表研究 2026,40(2): 279-285
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护理研究 |量表研究 2026 , 40 (2) : 279 -285
病证结合模式下尘肺病患者报告结局量表初稿的构建
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王媛1, 2, 孙博倩1, 2, 赵虎雷1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1河南中医药大学第一附属医院,河南 450003
  • 2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院/河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心
通讯作者:
赵虎雷,E-mail:
ZHAO Hulei, E-mail:
作者简介:

王媛,硕士研究生在读

Construction of the initial draft of patient-reported outcome scale for pneumoconiosis under the disease-syndrome combination model
Yuan WANG1, 2, Boqian SUN1, 2, Hulei ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan 450003 China
  • 2The First Clinical Medical School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine/Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Ministry of Education of P.R.China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO Hulei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.013
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目的

基于德尔菲法初步构建病证结合模式下的尘肺病患者报告结局(PRO)量表,为正式量表的形成提供依据。

方法

在病证结合模式下构建尘肺病PRO量表框架,采用文献分析法、访谈法、推导法筛选条目,经研究小组讨论拟定量表条目池,采用德尔菲法对专家进行2轮函询,对量表初稿进行信效度检验。

结果

2轮函询的问卷有效回收率分别为85%和94%,专家权威系数分别为0.900和0.785,条目重要性均分分别为2.29~4.76分和3.35~4.82分,满分率分别为0~82%和18%~82%,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.415和0.243(均P<0.001),变异系数分别为0.11~0.49和0.08~0.35,条目水平的内容效度指数分别为0.41~1.00和0.76~1.00,量表水平的平均内容效度指数分别为0.87和0.97,总量表的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.992和0.966,各领域的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.893~0.989和0.751~0.941。最终建立了包含生理领域、心理领域、社会领域、满意度领域共49个条目的尘肺病PRO量表初稿。

结论

构建的尘肺病PRO量表初稿符合尘肺病疾病特点,可用于评价尘肺病病人生存质量,为正式量表的编制提供科学依据,为临床研究提供适宜的评价工具。

尘肺病  /  患者报告结局  /  病证结合  /  德尔菲法  /  量表构建  /  护理
Objective

To preliminarily construct a patient-reported outcome(PRO) scale for pneumoconiosis under the disease-syndrome combination model using the Delphi method.To provide a basis for the development of a formal scale.

Methods

The framework of the PRO scale for pneumoconiosis was established under the disease-syndrome combination model.The scale item pool was drafted by the research team through literature analysis,interview,and derivation methods following group discussions.Two rounds of expert consultations were conducted using the Delphi method.The reliability and validity of the initial draft scale were tested.

Results

The effective questionnaire recovery rates for the two rounds of consultations were 85% and 94%,respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.900 and 0.785,respectively.The average importance scores of items ranged from 2.29 to 4.76 and ranged from 3.35 to 4.82,respectively.The full score rates ranged from 0 to 82% and ranged from 18% to 82%, respectively. The Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.415 and 0.243,respectively(both P<0.001).The coefficient of variation were ranged from 0.11 to 0.49 and ranged from 0.08 to 0.35,respectively.The item-level content validity indices ranged from 0.41 to 1.00 and ranged from 0.76 to 1.00,respectively.The average scale-level content validity indices were 0.87 and 0.97,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficients for the total scale were 0.992 and 0.966,respectively.The Cronbach's α coefficients for the various domains ranged from 0.893 to 0.989 and ranged from 0.751 to 0.941,respectively.Ultimately,the initial draft of the pneumoconiosis PRO scale was established,which comprises 49 items across the physiological,psychological,social,and satisfaction domains.

Conclusions

The initial draft of the pneumoconiosis PRO scale was consistent with the disease characteristics of pneumoconiosis and could be used to evaluate the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.It could provide a scientific basis for the development of a formal scale and offer an appropriate evaluation tool for clinical research.

pneumoconiosis  /  patient-reported outcome  /  disease-syndrome combination  /  Delphi method  /  scale construction  /  nursing
王媛, 孙博倩, 赵虎雷. 病证结合模式下尘肺病患者报告结局量表初稿的构建. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (2) : 279 -285 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.013
Yuan WANG, Boqian SUN, Hulei ZHAO. Construction of the initial draft of patient-reported outcome scale for pneumoconiosis under the disease-syndrome combination model[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (2) : 279 -285 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.013
尘肺病是指在职业活动中长期吸入生产性矿物性粉尘并在肺内潴留引起的以肺组织弥漫性纤维化为主的疾病,是我国职业病中危害最严重和最常见的一种无医疗终结的疾病[1]。尘肺病病人承受着沉重的心理和经济负担,其心理状态和生存质量低于普通人群[2-3]。尘肺病尚无特效药物与根治方法,中医辨证治疗方案在改善尘肺病病人症状、提高生存质量等方面具有明显优势[4],且与单独应用西医疗法相比,中西医结合治疗尘肺病具有更显著疗效[5-7]。病证结合是目前中医和中西医结合临床的主要诊疗模式,以获得临床疗效最大化为目标[8],可融合西医疾病诊治标准和中医辨证论治优势,实现疾病共性规律与病人个性特征的有机结合,充分体现疾病治疗的原则性与灵活性[9]。随着病人赋权理念的发展,以病人为中心、发挥病人自主性成为研究热点[10]。患者报告结局(patient-reported outcomes,PRO)是依据病人主观感受以反馈其健康状况的报告,为生理和临床终点等客观指标的必要补充,是评估病人生存质量和临床疗效不可或缺的临床工具[11]。近年来,病证结合模式下的PRO量表已被编制[12-14],但针对尘肺病的特异性PRO量表研究不足。本研究采用德尔菲法编制病证结合模式下的尘肺病PRO量表,以期为临床研究提供适宜的疗效评价工具。
成立研究小组,分为概念框架小组、条目管理小组和临床调查小组,每组包含3~5名成员,由量表学专家、职业病学专家、中医学专家、心理学专家、统计学专家和研究生等构成。概念框架小组主要负责构建整体的概念框架,明确、规范研究中各术语的内涵;条目管理小组主要负责条目池的构建及后续条目增删、合并和修改等操作;临床调查小组主要负责文献查阅、访谈、发放专家函询问卷、整理分析数据等。
在病证结合模式下构建包括生理、心理、社会和满意度4个领域的概念框架,其中生理领域包括肺部症状和全身症状2个维度;心理领域包括积极情绪和消极情绪2个维度;社会领域包括独立性和社会关系2个维度,满意度领域包括满意度和依从性2个维度。
1)文献分析法:以“尘肺”“矽肺”“煤工尘肺”“生存质量”“生活质量”“生命质量”“报告结局”“测评工具”等为中文检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库;以“penumoconiosis”“quality of life”“QOL”“assessment tools”“PRO”为英文检索词,检索EMbase、PubMed、Cochrane Library等英文数据库,筛选尘肺病相关量表。2)访谈法:对河南省职业病医院、焦作煤业集团有限公司中央医院等分中心的18例符合纳入标准的尘肺病病人[15]或其家属和2名职业病科的医护人员进行半结构化访谈。医护人员访谈提纲包括“病人的心理作用对其临床治疗效果有什么影响吗?”“病人对医护人员的信任程度及临床治疗依从性如何?”“当前社会医疗体系能够为尘肺病病人提供何种支持?”等。病人及家属访谈提纲包括“从患病以来您的身体和心理最大的变化是什么?”“您认为疾病给您的生活带来了哪些影响?”“目前您对自身及治疗效果的满意程度如何?”等。3)推导法:基于尘肺病PRO概念框架,参考相关专业知识和个人经验增添条目,应包含能体现中医内涵的条目,如天气变化、饮食、情绪、睡眠和二便等。召集研究小组成员,以座谈的形式逐条讨论获得的条目,形成尘肺病PRO量表条目池。
从我国东北、华北、华中、华东、华南、西北地区遴选20名专家。专家纳入标准:1)长期从事职业病、呼吸疾病与量表研究;2)工作年限≥5年;3)中级及以上职称;4)本科及以上学历。
采用纸质问卷与电子问卷(问卷星)结合的方式进行问卷发放,问卷分为前言、量表条目、专家情况3个部分。1)前言:包括本研究的背景、目的、方法、联系方式及问卷填写说明等。2)量表条目:采用Likert 5级评分法评价量表条目重要性,从“非常不重要”到“非常重要”依次计1~5分;同时于每个领域后设置意见栏以便专家提出建议。3)专家情况:包括专家基本信息及熟悉程度、判断依据,熟悉程度采用Likert 5级评分法评分,从“非常不熟悉”到“非常熟悉”依次计1~5分;判断依据包括理论依据、实践经验、国内外资料、直觉4类,每类依据程度均分为小、中、大3级。第1轮专家函询问卷回收后研究小组整理、分析专家建议并依据条目保留原则对条目进行修改,形成第2轮专家函询问卷。查阅文献[16-17]确定第1轮专家函询中条目拟删除原则为满足重要性均分<3.50分、满分率<20%、变异系数(CV)≥0.25、条目水平的内容效度指数(item-level content validity index,I-CVI)≤0.78中任意3项的条目;为进一步优化条目,第2轮专家函询中条目拟删除原则修改为满足重要性均分<3.75分、满分率<30%、CV≥0.20、I-CVI≤0.78中任意3项的条目。经过2轮函询,专家意见趋于一致,结束函询,确定量表初稿。
1)由主要研究者对调查员进行培训,内容包括研究背景、目的、方法、条目解释和管理流程等,保证研究协调、有序进行;2)严格执行病人纳入与排除标准,保障病人知情同意权,详细记录访谈内容;3)完整记录研究小组讨论内容、条目调整方案及专家反馈意见;4)数据应及时填写,采用双人独立录入及抽样复核、二次录入核对等方法强化质量控制。
采用Excel 2021和SPSS 26.0软件进行数据录入和统计分析,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,定性资料以频数及百分比(%)表示。专家积极程度由问卷有效回收率表示,>70%表明函询有效,专家积极性较高[18];专家权威程度由专家权威系数(Cr)表示,其主要取决于专家判断依据系数(Ca)和熟悉程度系数(Cs),Cr=(Cs+Ca)/2,当Cr≥0.70时,视为具有较高的权威性[19];专家意见集中程度由条目重要性均分和满分率表示[20],条目重要性均分和满分率越大,表明专家意见越集中,该条目的重要性越高;专家意见协调程度通常由CV和肯德尔协调系数(Kendall's W值)表示,CV越小说明专家间的协调程度越高,一般认为CV应<0.25[21],Kendall's W值的取值范围为0~1,数值越大表明专家的协调程度越高[22];内容效度由I-CVI、平均量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)评价,I-CVI>0.78、S-CVI/Ave>0.90提示测量工具内容效度较好[17];信度采用Cronbach′s α系数评价,总量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.7~0.8表示可接受,>0.8为较好,各领域的Cronbach′s α系数为0.6~0.7表示可接受,>0.7为较好[23]。
共检索获得文献2 107篇,排除重复文献后获得文献974篇,通过阅读标题、摘要、全文,最终纳入合格文献163篇,从中提取23个相关量表的786个条目,合并相似条目后得到158个条目。访谈法总结29个条目。推导法提取12个条目。将上述条目合并,结合概念框架及尘肺病临床症状,初步筛选得到165个条目,经研究小组反复讨论后,最终建立包含4个领域、147个条目的条目池,并据此形成第1轮专家函询问卷。
第1轮专家函询共发放20份问卷,回收17份有效问卷,问卷有效回收率为85%。第2轮专家函询共发放18份问卷,回收17份有效问卷,问卷有效回收率为94%。专家基本信息见表1。
第1轮专家函询Ca为0.918,Cs为0.882,Cr为0.900;第2轮专家函询Ca为0.682,Cs为0.888,Cr为0.785。2轮专家函询Cr均>0.70,表明专家权威程度较高。
第1轮专家函询条目重要性均分为2.29~4.76分,满分率为0~82%;第2轮专家函询条目重要性均分为3.35~4.82分,满分率为18%~82%。
第1轮专家函询Kendall's W值为0.415(χ2=1 031.058,P<0.001),CV为0.11~0.49;第2轮专家函询Kendall's W值为0.243(χ2=243.643,P<0.001),CV为0.08~0.35。
1)内容效度:第1轮专家函询I-CVI为0.41~1.00,S-CVI/Ave为0.87;第2轮专家函询I-CVI为0.76~1.00,S-CVI/Ave为0.97。2)信度:第1轮专家函询总量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.992,各领域的Cronbach′s α系数为0.893~0.989;第2轮专家函询总量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.966,各领域的Cronbach′s α系数为0.751~0.941。
1)第1轮专家函询:研究小组基于专家函询结果进行条目优化,生理领域合并27个条目,删除35个条目,修改7个条目;心理领域合并15个条目,删除3个条目,修改1个条目,1个条目调入社会领域;社会领域合并18个条目,删除5个条目,1个条目调入心理领域;满意度领域合并3个条目,删除1个条目,修改1个条目,1个条目调入社会领域,最终形成4个领域、60个条目。2)第2轮专家咨询:研究小组基于专家函询结果进行条目优化,其中,条目“您感到腹胀吗?”符合条目拟删除原则,但鉴于访谈法中病人认为其具有重要性,讨论后予以保留,最终生理领域合并7个条目,删除7个条目,修改10个条目;心理领域修改2个条目;满意度领域调整1个条目的位置。最终确定包括4个领域、49个条目的尘肺病PRO量表初稿,见表2。
尘肺病作为一种慢性进行性疾病,具有高致残率特点,一旦患病难以治愈,病人往往存在不同程度的运动、躯体、呼吸、心理和社会等功能障碍,给个人及其家庭造成沉重的疾病负担。随着生物医学模式向生物-心理-社会医学模式转变,PRO量表作为一种能够全面评估病人主观感受、功能状况及生存质量的重要工具,逐渐成为临床疗效评价研究热点之一,并在尘肺病病人中得到一定程度应用[24-26]。目前,针对尘肺病临床疗效的评价工具主要为普适性量表或针对单一生理、心理领域的特异性量表。普适性量表主要用于评估个体的整体健康状况,其特异性不足、敏感性较低,较难测量疾病的特异性变化,如世界卫生组织生存质量测定简表(World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief form Questionnaire, WHOQOL-BREF)共26个条目,其中总的健康状况与生存质量为独立分析条目,其余条目归属于生理、心理、社会和环境4个领域,所有条目均为1~5级评分,在尘肺病病人生存质量评价方面的信效度相对较好[27],但WHOQOL-BREF并未涵盖尘肺病病人常见的特异性症状,如呼吸困难、咳嗽和胸痛等。国际上广泛使用的欧洲五维健康量表(EuroQol Five-Dimensional Questionnaire,EQ-5D)包含行动能力、自我照顾能力、日常活动能力、疼痛/不舒服、焦虑/抑郁5个领域,其健康评估理念与中医诊疗原则相契合,已逐步应用于中医药领域[28],在评估尘肺病时展现出较好的测量性能[29],但EQ-5D主要聚焦生理和心理领域,未涉及社会和满意度内容,且由于其仅包含5个条目,可能难以全面、详尽地描述病人健康状况。特异性量表主要用于特定患病人群,特异性及灵敏性高,分为症状特异性量表和疾病特异性量表。症状特异性量表往往涉及单一生理、心理领域,难以全面反映病人的整体健康状况,如伯格量表[30]和焦虑自评量表[31]分别专注于评估病人的呼吸困难程度和焦虑感受,在应用于尘肺病时通常需要联合应用多个量表,不仅导致评价过程烦琐,也增加了研究者和受试者负担。部分用于尘肺病生存质量评价的疾病特异性量表非针对尘肺病开发,如圣乔治呼吸问卷(St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire,SGRQ)[32]主要用于评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人的生存质量,其包括症状、活动和对日常生活的影响3个领域,共76个条目,量表未将经济因素及病人满意度纳入考量,且问卷结构相对复杂,对于受教育程度较低的病人而言,完成问卷需依赖专业人员指导。此外,SGRQ得分计算过程也较为复杂,进一步影响了其在生存质量评估中的便捷性和实用性。当前尘肺病临床疗效评价多基于国外量表,受文化观念、思维方式以及健康认知等因素影响,其在我国应用时往往会产生评估偏差,难以完全适用[33]。有研究者基于我国实际情况研制了尘肺病特异性量表,如中国煤工尘肺生活质量量表,包含生理、心理、社会、环境和独立5个领域,共63个条目,具有较好的信度及效度,但其条目数量较多,评估耗时较长,且未能融入中医理论,因此在评估中医药治疗尘肺病的疗效时存在一定局限性[34]。
本研究初步研制了包含生理领域(分为肺部症状和全身症状2个维度)、心理领域(分为积极情绪和消极情绪2个维度)、社会领域(分为独立性和社会关系2个维度)、满意度领域(分为满意度和依从性2个维度)4个领域、49个条目的尘肺病PRO量表初稿,量表参考国内外成熟量表的研制方法及内容,符合西医疾病评价体系特点,同时考虑中医评价的特色与优势,基于病证结合构建概念框架,可补充完善当前尘肺病常用量表的不足,为临床评估和治疗提供有力支持。本量表在领域设置上较为全面,能够全方位反映尘肺病病人的生存质量和健康状况。在条目设计上,融入尘肺病病人特有的症状描述,确保内容的针对性和相关性。同时,量表条目数量适中,计算方法简洁、明了,便于临床操作和应用,展现出良好的实用性和可操作性。
德尔菲法具有匿名性、反馈性、收敛性、统计性的基本特征,可避免专家意见受权威专家或群体压力影响,其通过多轮结构化问卷调查汇总专家意见,并进行反馈和修正,使专家意见趋于一致,最终达成共识[35]。近年来,德尔菲法已成为医学领域的重要研究方法,在中医证候研究、疗效标准确立、量表研制等方面得到广泛应用[36-38]。本研究综合考虑专业领域、工作经验和地域分布,从我国东北、华北、华中、华东、华南、西北地区遴选长期从事职业病、呼吸疾病与量表研究工作的专家,工作年限≥5年,临床经验丰富,可以从多学科、多角度评估量表的可行性。2轮函询问卷有效回收率分别为85%和94%,说明专家积极性较高。2轮函询专家权威系数均>0.70,表明专家权威性高,研究结果可信度较高。2轮函询Kendall's W值分别为0.415和0.243(均P<0.001),且第2轮函询条目的CV值较第1轮下降,重要性均分、满分率较第1轮提高,表明专家意见趋于一致。第1轮函询的I-CVI为0.41~1.00,S-CVI/Ave为0.87,反映了初始条目池中部分条目内容效度较低,对量表进行相应的修订并进行第2轮函询,结果I-CVI提升至0.76~1.00,且经条目优化后,剩余条目I-CVI进一步提升为0.82~1.00,S-CVI/Ave提升至0.97,说明修订后的条目及量表内容效度提高。2轮函询总量表的Cronbach's α系数均>0.9,各领域的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.893~0.989和0.751~0.941,表明本量表具有较高的内部一致性和稳定性,具有良好的信度。由此可见,尘肺病PRO量表初稿构建过程严谨,函询专家有良好的代表性、积极性和权威性,函询结果意见集中程度及协调程度较好,信效度良好。
本研究基于病证结合模式构建包括生理、心理、社会及满意度4个领域的概念框架,运用文献分析法、访谈法、推导法,经小组讨论形成条目池,通过2轮德尔菲法对条目进行修订,成功编制出具有较好科学性的尘肺病PRO量表初稿。未来将进行多中心、大样本的临床调查,对量表的信度、效度和反应度进行进一步验证,为尘肺病PRO量表正式版的研制及应用提供科学依据。

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2026年第40卷第2期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.013
  • 接收时间:2025-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31
  • 修回日期:2025-10-20
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    1河南中医药大学第一附属医院,河南 450003
    2河南中医药大学第一临床医学院/河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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