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Article(id=1322165106193052643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322164984558243894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741276800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-07, revisedDate=1763395200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158325955, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158325955, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158325955, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158325955, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164984558243894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158296955, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158296955, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=129, endPage=134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322165106402767844, articleId=1322165106193052643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Chinesization and reliability and validity test of Chinese Version of the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To translate the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students(MPSNS) into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity among nursing students.

Methods

Following the Brislin translation-back-translation model,the MPSNS underwent forward translation,back-translation,and cultural adaptation.A preliminary survey was conducted to form the Chinese version of the MPSNS.Using convenience sampling,516 nursing students from two medical colleges in Qingdao city,Shandong Province,and two medical colleges in Zhenjiang city,Jiangsu province,were selected as participants for reliability and validity testing.

Results

The Chinese version of the MPSNS consists of 24 items,including four dimensions:education(9 items),technology(5 items),challenges(5 items),and lifestyle(5 items).Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.958.The test-retest reliability was 0.949.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the MPSNS demonstrates good reliability and validity.It is a reliable tool for assessing nursing students' perceptions of the metaverse.It could provide reference for future research aimed at improving teaching quality.

, authors=Chao YANG1, Xiuling YANG2, Haiqing ZHOU3, Ruting GU3, Xiaoli LI3, Chanyu JIANG3, Ruoyun MA3, Yaru SUN3, authorsList=Chao YANG, Xiuling YANG, Haiqing ZHOU, Ruting GU, Xiaoli LI, Chanyu JIANG, Ruoyun MA, Yaru SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaru SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SUN Yaru, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322165106960610279, articleId=1322165106193052643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=护生元宇宙感知量表的汉化及信效度检验, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

汉化护生元宇宙感知量表（Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students，MPSNS）并在护生中检验其信效度。

方法

根据Brislin模式对护生元宇宙感知量表进行正译、回译和文化调适，通过预调查形成中文版护生元宇宙感知量表。采用便利抽样法选取山东省青岛市2所医学院校和江苏省镇江市2所医学院校的516名护生作为调查对象，进行信效度检验。

结果

中文版护生元宇宙感知量表共24个条目，包括教育（9个条目）、技术（5个条目）、挑战（5个条目）、生活方式（5个条目）4个维度。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好。总量表整体的Cronbach's α系数为0.958，重测信度为0.949。

结论

中文版护生元宇宙感知量表信效度较好，可作为评估护生对元宇宙看法的可靠工具，为后续开展提升教学质量相关研究提供参考。

, authors=杨超1, 杨秀玲2, 周海清3, 谷如婷3, 李晓莉3, 江婵玉3, 马若云3, 孙亚茹3, *, *, authorsList=杨超, 杨秀玲, 周海清, 谷如婷, 李晓莉, 江婵玉, 马若云, 孙亚茹, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙亚茹, authorNote=

杨超，主管护师，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙亚茹，E-mail：
SUN Yaru, E-mail:
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Keyword(id=1322529858639478785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=Delphi法)], refs=[Reference(id=1322529862049447948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=36, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=李晓文, 徐媛媛, 翟雪松, journalName=中国远程教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李晓文,徐媛媛,翟雪松,等.生成式人工智能赋能高校学生发展:国际经验与中国路径[J].中国远程教育,2024,44(12):36-49., articleTitle=生成式人工智能赋能高校学生发展:国际经验与中国路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529862506627085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=6, pageStart=48, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=于溪, journalName=江苏经贸职业技术学院学报, refType=null, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=23, pageStart=4185, pageEnd=4189, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=王佳誉, 谷晓玲, 马宏文, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王佳誉,谷晓玲,马宏文,等.护理程序应用能力量表的汉化与信效度检验[J].护理研究,2024,38(23):4185-4189., articleTitle=护理程序应用能力量表的汉化与信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529866679959574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=20, pageStart=83, pageEnd=86, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=王美珠, 邱克冉, 林蓓蕾, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王美珠,邱克冉,林蓓蕾,等.线上课程评价量表的汉化及信效度检验[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(20):83-86;101., articleTitle=线上课程评价量表的汉化及信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529867120361495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=20, pageStart=25, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=陈恺悦, 曾铁英, 王颖, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈恺悦,曾铁英,王颖,等.护士直觉患者病情恶化量表的汉化及信效度检验[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(20):25-29., articleTitle=护士直觉患者病情恶化量表的汉化及信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529867502043160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=39, issue=20, pageStart=102, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=卢晶晶, 武丽华, 陈星宇, journalName=护理学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢晶晶,武丽华,陈星宇,等.晚期癌症患者饮食相关困扰量表的汉化及信效度检验[J].护理学杂志,2024,39(20):102-106., articleTitle=晚期癌症患者饮食相关困扰量表的汉化及信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529869154598938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=21, pageStart=3799, pageEnd=3805, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=巫雨轩, 余鑫源, 罗新楚, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=巫雨轩,余鑫源,罗新楚,等.运动依从性量表汉化及其在癌症病人中的信效度检验[J].护理研究,2024,38(21):3799-3805., articleTitle=运动依从性量表汉化及其在癌症病人中的信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529869595000860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=21, pageStart=3779, pageEnd=3784, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=田慧子, 王会英, 柯彬, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田慧子,王会英,柯彬,等.胃癌病人术后症状相关生活质量量表的汉化及信效度检验[J].护理研究,2024,38(21):3779-3784., articleTitle=胃癌病人术后症状相关生活质量量表的汉化及信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529869959905312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=139, issue=5, pageStart=236, pageEnd=254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=WILLIAMS F, OKE A, ZACHARY I, journalName=Perspectives in Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WILLIAMS F,OKE A,ZACHARY I.Public health delivery in the information age:the role of informatics and technology[J].Perspectives in Public Health,2019,139(5):236-254., articleTitle=Public health delivery in the information age:the role of informatics and technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529870417084449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=106222, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=JEON H, SHIN H, WOO J, journalName=Nurse Education Today, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JEON H,SHIN H,WOO J.User experience and interface assessment for metaverse platforms on nurses and nursing students:a cross-sectional study[J].Nurse Education Today,2024,139:106222., articleTitle=User experience and interface assessment for metaverse platforms on nurses and nursing students:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529870828126242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=5, pageStart=236, pageEnd=241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=COUGHLIN V, BOLANOS G, MORAN L, journalName=Journal for Nurses in Professional Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COUGHLIN V,BOLANOS G,MORAN L,et al.Welcome to the metaverse:virtual reality in nursing professional development[J].Journal for Nurses in Professional Development,2024,40(5):236-241., articleTitle=Welcome to the metaverse:virtual reality in nursing professional development, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529870932983843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=2, pageStart=E74, pageEnd=E79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=RYU H, LEE H, YOO H J, journalName=Nurse Educator, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RYU H,LEE H,YOO H J.Development of a metaverse online learning system for undergraduate nursing students:a pilot study[J].Nurse Educator,2024,49(2):E74-E79., articleTitle=Development of a metaverse online learning system for undergraduate nursing students:a pilot study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529871306276900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=21, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=USLUSOY E Ç, AYDINLI A, DURNA F, journalName=Japan Journal of Nursing Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=USLUSOY E Ç,AYDINLI A,DURNA F.Enhancing learning motivation and academic achievement in nursing students through metaverse-based learning:a randomized controlled study[J].Japan Journal of Nursing Science,2024,21(3):e12594., articleTitle=Enhancing learning motivation and academic achievement in nursing students through metaverse-based learning:a randomized controlled study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322529826448196540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529826758575037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, companyId=1322529826448196540, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212002 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322529826792129470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, 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General information of the participants

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项目分类探索性因子分析（n=226）验证性因子分析（n=290）
人数百分比（%）人数百分比（%）
性别男4419.54916.9
女18280.524183.1
学历中专4720.85619.3
专科6528.87927.2
本科及以上11450.415553.4
班级成绩排名前20%6729.67826.9
>20%~40%5022.16221.4
>40%~60%6629.210736.9
>60%~80%3415.03813.1
后20%94.051.7
每日使用电子设备时间1~2 h4519.96321.7
>2~4 h6930.56522.4
>4~6 h7231.911539.7
>6 h4017.74716.2
家庭住址城市8336.711238.6
农村2611.53311.4
县城6127.07525.9
乡镇5624.87024.1
对新科技的接受程度非常抵触83.5134.5
比较抵触156.6113.8
一般3917.35920.3
比较接受8135.810837.2
非常接受8336.79934.1
), ArticleFig(id=1322529860820516871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象一般资料

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类探索性因子分析（n=226）验证性因子分析（n=290）
人数百分比（%）人数百分比（%）
性别男4419.54916.9
女18280.524183.1
学历中专4720.85619.3
专科6528.87927.2
本科及以上11450.415553.4
班级成绩排名前20%6729.67826.9
>20%~40%5022.16221.4
>40%~60%6629.210736.9
>60%~80%3415.03813.1
后20%94.051.7
每日使用电子设备时间1~2 h4519.96321.7
>2~4 h6930.56522.4
>4~6 h7231.911539.7
>6 h4017.74716.2
家庭住址城市8336.711238.6
农村2611.53311.4
县城6127.07525.9
乡镇5624.87024.1
对新科技的接受程度非常抵触83.5134.5
比较抵触156.6113.8
一般3917.35920.3
比较接受8135.810837.2
非常接受8336.79934.1
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Factor loadings of the Chinese version of the MPSNS

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条目教育挑战技术生活方式
1）元宇宙应用通过虚拟、增强和混合现实应用使学习变得更加容易0.778
2）与现有的在线学习平台相比，元宇宙提供了更广泛的应用领域0.739
3）元宇宙应用能够在无需承担风险的环境下提供专业的实践技能0.766
4）元宇宙应用能够培养专业性、自主性等职业技能和能力0.756
5）元宇宙应用能够轻松提供知识获取途径0.745
6）元宇宙应用能够促进新知识和方法向实践的转化0.719
7）基于元宇宙的教育能够对病人的预后产生积极影响0.815
8）元宇宙能够增强临床决策能力0.699
9）元宇宙为教育中的跨学科和多学科合作提供了机会0.691
10）元宇宙可能导致人们在物理世界中感到孤独0.819
11）元宇宙应用可能对人类健康产生负面影响（如恶心、低运动水平、眼疲劳等）0.826
12）元宇宙对参与者数据的安全性和隐私性构成风险0.815
13）元宇宙的过度使用会对物理世界的平衡产生负面影响0.842
14）元宇宙所需的基础设施和设备不足阻碍了其普及0.825
15）元宇宙是21世纪将改变我们生活的数字技术0.824
16）元宇宙通过虚拟、增强和混合现实应用提供了一个接近物理世界的虚拟环境0.804
17）元宇宙是一个在虚拟隐喻环境中提供身临其境沉浸式体验的平台0.848
18）元宇宙融合了物理世界和虚拟世界0.818
19）元宇宙提供了创新性的解决方案0.830
20）元宇宙消除了时间和空间的限制，使我们的生活更加简便0.856
21）元宇宙让人们通过化身在新的虚拟世界中存在0.808
22）元宇宙改变了我们的日常习惯，构建了一个让人们社交、工作、娱乐、学习等的虚拟结构0.821
23）元宇宙为轻松参与不同领域（教育、艺术、体育、旅游、会议等）的活动提供了机会0.824
24）元宇宙提供了沟通和互动的机会0.810
), ArticleFig(id=1322529861265113098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165106193052643, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中文版MPSNS的因子载荷

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条目教育挑战技术生活方式
1）元宇宙应用通过虚拟、增强和混合现实应用使学习变得更加容易0.778
2）与现有的在线学习平台相比，元宇宙提供了更广泛的应用领域0.739
3）元宇宙应用能够在无需承担风险的环境下提供专业的实践技能0.766
4）元宇宙应用能够培养专业性、自主性等职业技能和能力0.756
5）元宇宙应用能够轻松提供知识获取途径0.745
6）元宇宙应用能够促进新知识和方法向实践的转化0.719
7）基于元宇宙的教育能够对病人的预后产生积极影响0.815
8）元宇宙能够增强临床决策能力0.699
9）元宇宙为教育中的跨学科和多学科合作提供了机会0.691
10）元宇宙可能导致人们在物理世界中感到孤独0.819
11）元宇宙应用可能对人类健康产生负面影响（如恶心、低运动水平、眼疲劳等）0.826
12）元宇宙对参与者数据的安全性和隐私性构成风险0.815
13）元宇宙的过度使用会对物理世界的平衡产生负面影响0.842
14）元宇宙所需的基础设施和设备不足阻碍了其普及0.825
15）元宇宙是21世纪将改变我们生活的数字技术0.824
16）元宇宙通过虚拟、增强和混合现实应用提供了一个接近物理世界的虚拟环境0.804
17）元宇宙是一个在虚拟隐喻环境中提供身临其境沉浸式体验的平台0.848
18）元宇宙融合了物理世界和虚拟世界0.818
19）元宇宙提供了创新性的解决方案0.830
20）元宇宙消除了时间和空间的限制，使我们的生活更加简便0.856
21）元宇宙让人们通过化身在新的虚拟世界中存在0.808
22）元宇宙改变了我们的日常习惯，构建了一个让人们社交、工作、娱乐、学习等的虚拟结构0.821
23）元宇宙为轻松参与不同领域（教育、艺术、体育、旅游、会议等）的活动提供了机会0.824
24）元宇宙提供了沟通和互动的机会0.810
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护生元宇宙感知量表的汉化及信效度检验
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杨超 1 , 杨秀玲 2 , 周海清 3 , 谷如婷 3 , 李晓莉 3 , 江婵玉 3 , 马若云 3 , 孙亚茹 3, *, *
护理研究 | 量表研究 2026,40(1): 129-134
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护理研究 |量表研究 2026 , 40 (1) : 129 -134
护生元宇宙感知量表的汉化及信效度检验
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杨超1, 杨秀玲2, 周海清3, 谷如婷3, 李晓莉3, 江婵玉3, 马若云3, 孙亚茹3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1江苏大学附属医院，江苏 212002
  • 2青岛大学护理学院
  • 3青岛大学附属医院
通讯作者:
孙亚茹，E-mail：
SUN Yaru, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨超，主管护师，硕士研究生在读

Chinesization and reliability and validity test of Chinese Version of the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students
Chao YANG1, Xiuling YANG2, Haiqing ZHOU3, Ruting GU3, Xiaoli LI3, Chanyu JIANG3, Ruoyun MA3, Yaru SUN3
Affiliations
  • 1Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212002 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Qingdao University
  • 3Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
    • Corresponding Author:
    SUN Yaru, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.018
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摘要
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目的

汉化护生元宇宙感知量表（Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students，MPSNS）并在护生中检验其信效度。

方法

根据Brislin模式对护生元宇宙感知量表进行正译、回译和文化调适，通过预调查形成中文版护生元宇宙感知量表。采用便利抽样法选取山东省青岛市2所医学院校和江苏省镇江市2所医学院校的516名护生作为调查对象，进行信效度检验。

结果

中文版护生元宇宙感知量表共24个条目，包括教育（9个条目）、技术（5个条目）、挑战（5个条目）、生活方式（5个条目）4个维度。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好。总量表整体的Cronbach's α系数为0.958，重测信度为0.949。

结论

中文版护生元宇宙感知量表信效度较好，可作为评估护生对元宇宙看法的可靠工具，为后续开展提升教学质量相关研究提供参考。

护生  /  元宇宙  /  评估工具  /  信度  /  效度  /  Delphi法
Objective

To translate the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students(MPSNS) into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity among nursing students.

Methods

Following the Brislin translation-back-translation model,the MPSNS underwent forward translation,back-translation,and cultural adaptation.A preliminary survey was conducted to form the Chinese version of the MPSNS.Using convenience sampling,516 nursing students from two medical colleges in Qingdao city,Shandong Province,and two medical colleges in Zhenjiang city,Jiangsu province,were selected as participants for reliability and validity testing.

Results

The Chinese version of the MPSNS consists of 24 items,including four dimensions:education(9 items),technology(5 items),challenges(5 items),and lifestyle(5 items).Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.958.The test-retest reliability was 0.949.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the MPSNS demonstrates good reliability and validity.It is a reliable tool for assessing nursing students' perceptions of the metaverse.It could provide reference for future research aimed at improving teaching quality.

nursing students  /  metaverse  /  assessment tool  /  reliability  /  validity  /  Delphi method
杨超, 杨秀玲, 周海清, 谷如婷, 李晓莉, 江婵玉, 马若云, 孙亚茹. 护生元宇宙感知量表的汉化及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (1) : 129 -134 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.018
Chao YANG, Xiuling YANG, Haiqing ZHOU, Ruting GU, Xiaoli LI, Chanyu JIANG, Ruoyun MA, Yaru SUN. Chinesization and reliability and validity test of Chinese Version of the Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (1) : 129 -134 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.018
正文
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2020年，党的十九届五中全会提出“依托信息技术，利用人工智能深度融合各学科、各行业”的基本要求[1]。2020年，元宇宙作为一个互联网产业概念而备受瞩目[2]，然而，目前对元宇宙这一概念还未有统一的界定。有学者表示可将其理解为一种虚拟结构，即通过虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）在三维、虚拟隐喻环境中提供沉浸式体验，没有时间和空间限制，允许参与者像在现实生活中一样进行社交、工作、玩耍和训练[3]。在护理教育方面，使用VR和AR的教学可以为护生提供可视化新技术，学生通过虚拟进入人体并重复真实护理程序以全面体验临床真实场景，其高安全性、高效率、低成本效益和无伤害风险的可重复性的优势，在增加护生知识、技能和兴趣，提高参与度方面是较传统教育更为有效的方法[4]。此外，在职业指导上，使用基于元宇宙的方法被证实可以显著提高护生的职业决策自我效能[5]。考虑到元宇宙应用的积极影响、社会对医疗保健专业人员（尤其是医生和护士）日益增长的需求以及卫生领域大量的新毕业生，利用技术创新来提高这些人力资源所需的技能和能力变得越来越重要。在我国，元宇宙相关研究的开展较国外晚，且目前针对元宇宙在护生中的应用较少，缺乏针对护生元宇宙感知的专业测量工具。Yildirim等[6]开发了护生元宇宙感知量表（Metaverse Perception Scale for Nursing Students,MPSNS），旨在测评护生对元宇宙的看法和感受，信效度较好，但量表在语言表达习惯上可能与我国存在差异，直接应用可能难以准确反映我国护生的实际情况。鉴于元宇宙在护理教育中应用的诸多益处，本研究旨在汉化MPSNS，并在护生中检验其信效度，以期为后续进行元宇宙实践相关研究提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
2024年9月—11月便利选取江苏省镇江市（江苏大学、镇江卫生学校）及山东省青岛市（青岛大学、山东省青岛卫生学校）共4所医学院校的护生为研究对象进行问卷调查。纳入标准：全日制在校护生；自愿参与并知情同意。排除标准：调查期间休病、事假；休学。本研究已通过青岛大学医学部伦理委员会审核（编号：QDU-HEC-2023197）。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　原量表介绍
MPSNS由Yildirim等[6]于2024年研发，用于评估护生对元宇宙的感知情况。量表共分为教育、技术、挑战和生活方式4个维度，除挑战维度反向计分外，余维度均为正向计分；量表采用Likert 5级评分法，“非常不同意”计1分，“非常同意”计5分。总分24~120分，量表得分越高，表明对元宇宙感知和认可度越高。原量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.955。
1.2.2　量表汉化和跨文化调试
课题组在取得原量表（英文版本）作者授权和同意后，严格按照Brislin经典回译模型为基础翻译该量表。1）正译：由1名通过英语六级考试且研究方向为护理教育的护理专业硕士研究生和1名在美国访学3年的护理博士研究生，分别独立将原量表翻译成中文A1、A2。随后由研究团队中2名成员对中文版A1、A2整合，形成中文版A3。2）回译：由1名曾在美国访学的护理博士研究生和1名通过英语专业八级考试的英语专业翻译人员，将中文版A3分别翻译为A4和A5，再由1名小组成员和1名护理专业英语教师将2个版本进行整合，并与原量表及我国语义表达方式对比，分歧处征询原量表作者意见，直至达成一致，最终形成中文版A6。3）跨文化调适：组建专家小组，采用发送邮件的方式邀请8名专家对中文版MPSNS量表A6进行文化调适，主要内容涉及量表语义表达是否规范准确、是否符合我国语言表达习惯等方面。研究共进行2轮专家函询，每轮函询均要求专家在收到函询问卷的2周内予以答复，专家均给予配合。专家纳入标准：具备中级以上职称；在本专业领域工作10年及以上，熟悉本研究内容；知情同意并自愿参与。
1.2.3　预调查
研究表明，选取30个样本量对量表进行预测试，所得的数据结果对于正式调查具备较高的参考价值[7]。采用便利抽样法，于2024年10月在青岛大学选取30名护生进行预调查。仔细询问护生对问卷内容的理解程度和语言表达方式的意见，经讨论后对相关内容进行修订，最终形成量表施测版。
1.2.4　正式调查
1.2.4.1　调查工具
1）护生一般资料调查表：自行设计，包括性别、班级成绩排名、每天使用电子设备的时间、对新科技的接受程度等；2）中文版MPSNS施测版：包括教育（9个条目）、技术（5个条目）、挑战（5个条目）和生活方式（5个条目）共4个维度，24个条目，条目计分方式与原量表相同。
1.2.4.2　资料发放与收集
采用线上（问卷星平台）问卷填写方式进行数据收集，由负责人提前与学校负责人沟通，取得校领导和各班级班主任的同意后，在班级群内转发链接，填写前向护生解释此次问卷调查研究的目的并强调无记名调查及客观作答的重要性。
1.2.4.3　质量控制
本研究严格选取符合条件的研究对象；参与研究的调查人员均接受过统一培训；调查过程中注意调查技巧，避免诱导性的问题；若研究对象有疑问时，应及时解释；设置每个IP地址只可填写1次问卷，问卷填写完成后及时核查问卷填写的完整性，对明显规律作答及作答时间过短（<60 s）的问卷作剔除处理；采用双人核对的方式将收集的数据导出，以及时发现不同之处并修改，确保数据的准确性和完整性。
1.3　统计学方法
采用SPSS 25.0、AMOS 28.0软件进行统计分析。采用临界比值法和相关系数法进行项目分析。采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析进行效度检验；采用量表水平的平均内容效度指数(content validity index of scale,S-CVI/Ave)和条目水平的平均内容效度指数(content validity index of item,I-CVI)进行内容效度检验；邀请来自不同院校的6名护理教育专家和4名临床护理带教专家对量表各条目内容的相关性进行评定，I-CVI不低于0.78且S-CVI不低于0.90为内容效度较好[8]。采用Cronbach′s α系数和重测信度进行信度检验。以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　量表文化调试和预调查结果
本研究经过2轮专家函询和预调查完成中文版MPSNS的文化调试。第1轮专家函询和预调查后，修改了6项内容，包括：1）条目3中的“无风险环境”专家认为语义不明确，改为“无需承担风险的环境”；2）条目4中“可以提高专业技能/能力，如专业性、自主性”，专家认为语言表达不符合我国习惯改为“培养专业性、自主性等职业技能和能力”；3）条目6中“使新的知识和方法更容易被应用到实践中”，专家认为语义表达不准确，改为“能够促进新知识和方法向实践的转化”；4）条目11中“不活动”，专家认为应联系护生久坐行为现状，改为“低运动水平”；5）条目14中“应用”，专家认为语义表达不准确，改为“普及”；6）条目20中“简化我们的生活”，预调查结果表明难以理解，改为“使我们的生活更加简便”。第2轮专家函询未进行条目修改。
2.2　调查对象一般资料
本研究共分2次进行问卷调查，其中探索性因子分析发放问卷250份，回收有效问卷226份，有效回收率为90.4%；验证性因子分析发放问卷320份，回收有效问卷290份，有效回收率为90.6%。护生量表完成时间为4~10 min。研究对象一般资料详见表1。
2.3　项目分析结果
各条目决断值为9.818~28.161，高分组与低分组各条目得分比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)，各条目区分度良好[9]；各条目得分与总分相关系数为0.537~0.831，均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。总之，未删除条目。
2.4　效度
2.4.1　结构效度
2.4.1.1　探索性因子分析
中文版MPSNS的KMO值为0.906，Bartlett's球形检验近似χ2值为3 314.76。使用最大方差法对因子进行旋转，结果共提取4个公因子，累计方差贡献率为67.752%。4个因子分别为教育、挑战、技术和生活方式，各维度包含的条目与原量表相同。见表2。
2.4.1.2　验证性因子分析
验证性因子分析结果显示，χ2/ν=678.282，近似误差均方根（RMSEA）=0.078，比较拟合指数（CFI）=0.912，Tucker-Lewis指数（TLI）=0.901，递增拟合指数（IFI）=0.912，模型拟合良好[10]。结构模型图见图1。
2.4.2　内容效度
中文版MPSNS的S-CVI/Ave值为0.961，I-CVI为0.800~1.000，内容效度较好[11]。
2.5　信度
中文版MPSNS的Cronbach's α系数为0.958，教育、技术、挑战、生活方式各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.903，0.863，0.957，0.829。2周后选取填写过问卷的30名护生重新进行调查，计算的重测信度为0.949。信度均在0.7以上，量表信度较好[12]。
3　讨论
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3.1　中文版 MPSNS汉化过程严谨
本研究在汉化的过程中，严格遵循Brislin翻译-回译模式，选取专业人员进行量表翻译、回译和文化调试，按照我国文化表达习惯调整了不适用的内容，使得中文版量表表述更加清晰、准确。正式调查前，对量表进行充分预调查，详细询问护生量表条目所表达内容是否易于理解、是否符合日常表达习惯等，统计每份量表完成时间为4~10 min，表明量表的语言和内容对研究对象是可接受的，具有较强的可行性，最后依据反馈，经讨论后进行修改以完善量表。
中文版量表包括教育、挑战、技术和生活方式4个维度，共24个条目，与原量表条目和维度划分相同，保留了原量表的维度命名，最大程度上确保汉化后的量表与原量表在概念上保持一致。量表的编制通常是针对特定的文化和语言环境进行的，当量表被用于不同的文化和语言环境中，可能会进行适当修改以适应我国语义表达。经专家函询和预调查后，对于某些在西方文化中普遍但在中国文化中可能不常见或理解有异的情境或条目，进行了适当修改或补充，以确保量表内容的文化敏感性和适应性，修订后语义表达与原义相似，仅为表达习惯和方式调整。
3.2　中文版MPSNS具有良好的信效度
本研究结果显示，中文版MPSNS临界比值均有统计学意义(P<0.05)，说明中文版MPSNS具有较好的区分效度；各维度与MPSNS的相关系数为0.537~0.831(P<0.01)，表明中文版MPSNS每个条目均具有良好的鉴别能力。中文版较原版的总体相关系数稍低，这可能与国内外护生所接受文化、生活习惯及宗教信仰等不同有关。中文版MPSNS的I-CVI为0.830~1.000，均大于0.8，内容效度较好[13]。探索性因子分析共提取4个公因子，因子划分及条目归属均与原量表相同。验证性因子分析各指标结果显示模型拟合较好。中文版MPSNS的Cronbach's α系数为0.958，各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.829~0.957，表明中文版MPSNS具有较好的内部一致性，能够真实反映我国护生对元宇宙的态度。该量表的重测信度为0.949，中文版MPSNS具有良好的时间稳定性。
3.3　中文版MPSNS具有良好的应用价值
据世界经济论坛(WEF)发布报告称，当前的医疗服务提供模式越来越不可持续，引入数字服务是未来十年医疗服务转型的最重要决定因素之一[14]。元宇宙作为传统教育的动态替代方案，其在高等教育中的潜力正在被积极探索[15]。与相对静态的二维线上平台教育工具相比，元宇宙提供了身临其境的3D体验，可以提高学习者的参与度和沉浸感，并实现协作和实时互动[16]。元宇宙融合了现实世界和虚拟世界，使学习者能够间接体验3D环境，考虑临床护理工作的特殊性，这非常有助于护理安全教育，在此种环境中，护生可以大胆进行临床评估和操作，而不必担心因操作不当给病人造成伤害，以此加深记忆和巩固知识[17]。研究表明，基于元宇宙的模拟课程可以提高护生的体验式学习效果，促进护生对临床实践的反思性理解，能够有效提高教育效果[18]。尽管元宇宙仍处于早期发展阶段，但它在转变和改善健康教育以及发展技能和能力方面提供的机会，已经使技术公司增加了在元宇宙的投资，激发了研究人员对这一领域的兴趣。面对元宇宙应用的诸多益处，将其广泛应用于教育甚至其他领域是未来发展趋势。然而作为新技术、新思维与新方法，元宇宙的定义、实现形式、应用方式、技术壁垒等仍有待探索，其推广接受度以及应用后对大众生活的影响仍值得进一步研究。MPSNS从教育、技术、挑战和生活方式4个维度测量护生对元宇宙使用的益处和可能障碍的态度，量表测量内容全面且密切契合现实，涵盖元宇宙感知测量的主客观因素。通过该量表可以更加深入地了解护生对元宇宙应用的态度，以便为后续的推广应用提供针对性的支持和干预措施，有助于促进教育教学改革，提高教学质量，具有较强的实用性。
4　小结
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中文版MPSNS包括4个维度、24个条目，经严格检验，信效度良好，适合作为我国文化背景下有效评估护生元宇宙感知的可靠工具。鉴于元宇宙在护理教育中的应用越来越多，未来在这方面的研究可以为元宇宙领域的变革管理过程和发展策略提供指导。但本研究仅在2个地域的4所学校开展研究，样本量相对有限。在未来的研究中，可以通过进一步开展大样本、多中心的调查研究，从而进一步验证中文版MPSNS评测护生元宇宙感知的适用性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.018
  • 接收时间：2025-03-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-07
  • 修回日期：2025-11-18
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    1江苏大学附属医院，江苏 212002
    2青岛大学护理学院
    3青岛大学附属医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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