Article(id=1322165075117462264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322164984558243894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740585600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-27, revisedDate=1763395200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158318546, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158318546, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158318546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158318546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164984558243894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158296955, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158296955, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=90, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322165075352343289, articleId=1322165075117462264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Analysis of concept of plant-based diets, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To clarify the conceptual connotation of plant-based diets and to provide theoretical guidance for research and practice related to plant-based diets.

Methods

Literature related to plant-based diets were systematically searched in databases including CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,and Scopus,with the search period ranging from the inception of each database to December 30,2024.Concept analysis of plant-based diets was performed according to the Walker and Avant method.

Results

A total of 48 articles were included.Plant-based diets encompass three defining attributes:primary food sources being plant-based,diverse food choices,and potential restriction or exclusion of animal products.Antecedents include personal factors,social factors,and economic factors;consequences include health benefits,potential health risks,and environmental impacts.

Conclusions

The conceptual attributes of plant-based diets were clarified through concept analysis.Future research should focus on the positive impacts of plant-based diets to enhance public acceptance,and conduct more systematic and in-depth studies on personalized interventions for plant-based diets.

, authors=Xinru HOU, Shanyu WU, Keying GUO, Chenli LIANG, Jiani LUO, authorsList=Xinru HOU, Shanyu WU, Keying GUO, Chenli LIANG, Jiani LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shanyu WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WU Shanyu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322165075763385082, articleId=1322165075117462264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=植物性饮食的概念分析, columnId=1322165052220748414, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=理论研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

厘清植物性饮食的概念内涵,为植物性饮食的研究和实践提供理论指导。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Scopus数据库中与植物性饮食有关的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年12月30日。依据Walker及Avant概念分析法进行植物性饮食的概念分析。

结果

共纳入48篇文献。植物性饮食包括食物来源以植物为主、多样化的食物选择、可能限制或排除动物产品3个定义属性。前因包括自身因素、社会因素、经济因素;后果包括健康益处、健康潜在风险、环境影响。

结论

通过概念分析明确了植物性饮食概念属性。未来可针对植物性饮食的积极影响展开研究,提高公众接受度,并对植物性饮食的个性化干预进行更为系统、深入的研究。

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侯心如,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴善玉,E-mail:
WU Shanyu, E-mail:
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植物性饮食的概念分析
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侯心如 , 吴善玉 *, * , 郭可盈 , 梁晨丽 , 罗佳妮
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(1): 90-95
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (1) : 90 -95
植物性饮食的概念分析
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133002)])])]
侯心如, 吴善玉*, * , 郭可盈, 梁晨丽, 罗佳妮
作者信息
  • 1延边大学,吉林 133002
通讯作者:
吴善玉,E-mail:
WU Shanyu, E-mail:
作者简介:

侯心如,硕士研究生在读

Analysis of concept of plant-based diets
Xinru HOU, Shanyu WU , Keying GUO, Chenli LIANG, Jiani LUO
Affiliations
  • 1Yanbian University, Jilin 133002 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WU Shanyu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.012
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目的

厘清植物性饮食的概念内涵,为植物性饮食的研究和实践提供理论指导。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Scopus数据库中与植物性饮食有关的文献,检索时限为建库至2024年12月30日。依据Walker及Avant概念分析法进行植物性饮食的概念分析。

结果

共纳入48篇文献。植物性饮食包括食物来源以植物为主、多样化的食物选择、可能限制或排除动物产品3个定义属性。前因包括自身因素、社会因素、经济因素;后果包括健康益处、健康潜在风险、环境影响。

结论

通过概念分析明确了植物性饮食概念属性。未来可针对植物性饮食的积极影响展开研究,提高公众接受度,并对植物性饮食的个性化干预进行更为系统、深入的研究。

植物性饮食  /  概念分析  /  饮食模式  /  健康影响  /  慢性病  /  环境
Objective

To clarify the conceptual connotation of plant-based diets and to provide theoretical guidance for research and practice related to plant-based diets.

Methods

Literature related to plant-based diets were systematically searched in databases including CNKI,Wanfang Data,VIP,CBM,PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,and Scopus,with the search period ranging from the inception of each database to December 30,2024.Concept analysis of plant-based diets was performed according to the Walker and Avant method.

Results

A total of 48 articles were included.Plant-based diets encompass three defining attributes:primary food sources being plant-based,diverse food choices,and potential restriction or exclusion of animal products.Antecedents include personal factors,social factors,and economic factors;consequences include health benefits,potential health risks,and environmental impacts.

Conclusions

The conceptual attributes of plant-based diets were clarified through concept analysis.Future research should focus on the positive impacts of plant-based diets to enhance public acceptance,and conduct more systematic and in-depth studies on personalized interventions for plant-based diets.

plant-based diet  /  concept analysis  /  dietary pattern  /  health impact  /  chronic disease  /  environment
侯心如, 吴善玉, 郭可盈, 梁晨丽, 罗佳妮. 植物性饮食的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (1) : 90 -95 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.012
Xinru HOU, Shanyu WU, Keying GUO, Chenli LIANG, Jiani LUO. Analysis of concept of plant-based diets[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (1) : 90 -95 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.012
随着社会的进步和经济的发展,全球进入老龄化社会,慢性病成为影响居民健康和社会经济发展的主要公共卫生问题,尤其是老年人面临慢性病和感染性疾病叠加带来的“双重威胁”。膳食不平衡是居民常见健康问题发生的重要风险因素,居民的饮食模式不断发生变化,反映了人们对食品多样性、营养价值及健康的重视[1]。目前,常见的饮食模式主要可以分为以植物性食品为主的植物性饮食模式、以动物性食品为主的西方饮食模式、强调橄榄油和新鲜果蔬的地中海饮食模式、针对高血压防治的DASH饮食,以及许多地区流行的传统饮食模式[2-3]。不健康的饮食习惯,如高糖、高盐、高脂肪的快餐饮食,以及红肉和加工肉制品的过量摄入,已被证实与多种疾病的发生密切相关[4],如肥胖、2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症等。相对而言,植物性饮食作为一种健康的饮食模式已被广泛认可,其能够降低疾病发生风险,提升生活质量与延长寿命。有研究显示,植物性饮食与慢性病发生风险、营养成分与人体健康、肠道微生物以及环境保护是当前研究的主要主题[5]。且植物性饮食在预防疾病以及促进健康方面有着重要作用,研究表明其在控制心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病、中心性肥胖[6]以及预防和改善老年人抑郁症状[7]等疾病中有显著的预防和治疗作用。此外,植物性饮食比肉类饮食更具有环境的可持续性,其减少了环境污染[6]。而环境污染的减少有助于改善人类健康,减少由空气污染、水污染等引发的呼吸系统疾病、心血管系统疾病等健康问题[8]。因此,植物性饮食对于维持人类健康和地球环境有重要作用。然而,对于植物性饮食这一概念的理解尚存在一定的模糊性,会影响对植物性饮食益处和风险的理解。因此,为明确植物性饮食的定义,避免定义混淆影响研究结果的准确性和可靠性,本研究运用Walker及Avant概念分析法对其进行深入研究,明确植物性饮食的定义及相关概念,正确理解植物性饮食的价值,为未来研究提供参考。
使用“植物性饮食”“全植物性饮食”“弹性素食”“乳素食”“纯素饮食”“蛋奶素食”“diet,plant-based”“diet,plant based diets”“plant-based diets”“plant-based diet”“plant based die”“whole-food plant-based diet”“flexitarian diet”“lacto-vegetarian diet”“vegan diet”“ovo-lacto vegetarian diet”等主题词结合自由词的方式,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science、Scopus。检索时限为建库至2024年12月30日,检索语言为中英文。
纳入标准:以“植物性饮食”为主要研究内容,以中文或英文发表,能获得全文;研究涉及植物性饮食的定义、属性、相关概念、前因、后果等内容的文献。排除标准:重复文献;会议、主题不相关、内容不完整、无法获取全文的文献。
由2名研究人员独立进行筛选文献,出现意见不一致时,与第3名研究人员讨论达成一致后,由研究人员仔细纳入文献,提取资料并运用Walker和Avant概念分析法,选定概念,确定概念分析的目的,确定概念属性、相关概念、概念的前因后果等。
本研究共检索获得5 322篇文献,经查重、阅读题目和摘要后剩余2 457篇文献,阅读全文后剩余146篇文献,最终纳入48篇,包括中文文献6篇、英文文献42篇。
植物性饮食概念最早可以追溯到古希腊哲学家毕达哥拉斯,被认为是伦理素食主义的奠基人,认为吃肉对健康有害,而植物性食物可以净化心灵[9]。有学者在1980年首次将植物性饮食的概念引入科学界,对“全食品、植物性饮食”提出明确定义,即低脂肪、高纤维、以植物为基础的饮食模式[10],这标志着植物性饮食从单纯的哲学和伦理观念转向科学饮食概念。2019年,Rocha等[10]将植物性饮食概括为由所有未经过度加工的水果、蔬菜、全谷物、豆类、坚果和种子、药草和香料组成,并且排除所有动物产品,包括红肉、家禽、鱼、蛋和奶制品。这一界定强化了植物性饮食与传统动物性食品之间的界限。同年,Storz等[11]认为植物性饮食的定义可以从完全排除动物性饮食(如纯素食)到包含乳制品和鸡蛋的半素食饮食,这一观点展示了对植物性饮食的界定开始走向多样化。世界卫生组织(WHO)在2021年指出,植物性饮食是一个多样化的饮食模式,强调以植物来源的食物为主,同时减少或排除动物产品,注重营养平衡与健康促进。这一定义反映了全球范围内对植物性饮食多元化的认可。2022年,Kent等[2]认为从传统的素食(包括纯素食)到半素食/弹性素食等都属于植物性饮食,这对植物性饮食定义进行进一步的拓展。2023年,Hargreaves等[12]进一步明确植物性饮食是指动物源食品被全部或大部分排除的饮食模式,并且认为弹性素食和鱼素(pescetarian,即除了鱼之外不吃其他肉类)等饮食也可被认为是植物性饮食。这种定义方式不仅对素食和植物性饮食进行了区分和解释,同时也将与其相近的一些饮食模式纳入植物性饮食的范围中。虽然众多学者对植物性饮食的定义不同,但具有相似点,即植物性饮食是一种食物来源以植物主的饮食模式,主要涵盖蔬菜、水果、全谷物、豆类、坚果、种子等多样化食物选择,或可少量包含动物制品,注重营养均衡与健康。
植物性饮食强调食物主要来源于植物,包括蔬菜、水果、全谷物、豆类、坚果和种子等,这些植物性食物是植物性饮食的核心组成部分[13],提供了丰富的碳水化合物、膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质和植物化学物质等营养素。
不仅局限于某几种植物性食物,而是注重食物的多样性和均衡搭配。通过丰富的植物性食物模式组合,能够确保摄入全面而充足的营养,满足人体各种生理功能的需求[14]。植物性饮食并不意味着完全不吃动物性食物,而是要注重荤素搭配,摄入适量的鱼类、奶类、蛋类食物和限制性摄入一定量的肉类食物,保证营养均衡[2]。
植物性饮食在不同程度上可能限制或排除动物来源的食物[12],如肉类、鱼类、蛋类和奶制品等。然而,其范围具有一定的灵活性,从严格的素食主义(完全排除所有动物产品)到弹性素食主义(偶尔适量摄入一些动物产品,如低脂奶制品或鱼类)都可以被纳入植物性饮食的范畴。
全植物性饮食似于纯素食,强调天然富含纤维、维生素、矿物质和未经过度加工的植物性食物,且蛋白质含量和热量密度较低,避免或减少动物产品以及高度加工食品和添加物的摄入,从而有利于减缓慢性肾病的进展,降低心血管疾病、糖尿病和肥胖发病率,降低炎症和胆固醇水平[15]。相比全植物性饮食,植物性饮食范围更宽泛,包含以植物为基础但可能经过较多加工的食物和一定程度上排除动物的产品,从而可以弥补全植物性饮食因缺乏某些动物食品(如乳制品或鱼类)造成维生素B12、钙、铁和欧米伽-3脂肪酸等营养不足的风险[15]。
Hargreave等[12]认为根据饮食中排除某些特定的来自动物的食物,将素食主义分为多个不同的类别。
蛋奶素食的特点是食用不定量的乳制品、蛋类以及蔬菜和谷物,从饮食中排除了所有肉类,但可以食用动物源性产品,如鸡蛋、乳制品[12,16]。长期以来,蛋奶素食被认为对整体健康有益,特别是对心血管健康有益。与西方饮食相比,坚持这种饮食与血脂状况的改善和肥胖风险的降低有关。而相对植物性饮食,蛋奶素食尽管包含了部分动物源食物(如乳制品和鸡蛋),但也存在一些不利之处,过量摄入饱和脂肪和胆固醇可能危害心血管健康,这与植物性饮食的低饱和脂肪和低胆固醇的优势相悖。此外,蛋奶素食者可能倾向于选择高能量密度食品,这增加了肥胖和相关慢性病的发病风险。因此,尽管蛋奶素食有一定的营养价值,但在长期来看存在潜在的健康风险。
乳素食除了包含蔬菜、水果、谷物、豆类等素食食材外,还允许食用奶类及其制品,如牛奶、酸奶、奶酪等[16]。乳素食者不食用所有肉类、蛋类,但奶类的摄入为其补充了蛋白质、钙等重要营养成分。与植物性饮食相比,乳素食与蛋奶素食相似,虽包含了部分动物源产品,但不包含蛋类和其他动物性食物。长期来看,由于较高饱和脂肪的摄入,会存在与蛋奶素食相似的健康风险。
纯素饮食是一种排除所有动物源性食物的食物模式,在食物选择上更加严格[16]。相对于纯素饮食排除一切动物源性食物,植物性饮食虽以植物来源食物为主,但概念更宽泛,其包含的少量动物源性成分能够有效弥补由于纯素饮食单一植物性食物摄入而带来的营养不足的风险。
半素食又称为弹性素食[12],这类饮食模式相对灵活,偶尔会摄入少量的肉类或其他动物产品,常见的形式如“鱼素食(pescetarian diet)”。与植物性饮食模式相比,弹性素食不光摄入植物性食物,还食用鱼类和海鲜,这有利于从适量摄入的鱼类中获得丰富的Omega-3脂肪酸与优质蛋白质,从而改善心血管健康和增强免疫系统。
1)人口学特征:植物性饮食与性别、年龄、受教育程度、民族、个人偏好有关。由于女性有更高的健康意识和对体重管理的更多关注,其对植物性食物的接受度高于男性[17]。青少年可能受传统观念的影响,认为肉类与健康、力量和成长相关,存在关于植物性饮食是否能满足健康需求的误解,从而更倾向于选择肉类食物占主导的饮食[18]。而对疾病管理和控制的需求,老年人更倾向于选择植物性饮食[19]。相较于受教育程度低的消费者,受教育程度较高的消费者通常具有更高的健康意识和认知功能,能够将植物性饮食与健康目标联系起来,更倾向于选择植物性饮食以满足身体对营养的多方面需求[20]。不同民族在对饮食模式的选择上也存在差异。蒙古族以牧业为主,因此,其饮食习惯主要以食用肉类为主[21]。而基诺族主要依赖轮作农业,其饮食结构以植物性食物为主[22]。个人的口味偏好和饮食习惯也会影响植物性饮食的选择。一些人可能由于对肉类的不喜好或对植物性食品的喜爱而倾向于选择植物性饮食[23]。2)疾病相关因素:患病情况会影响人们选择植物性饮食。有研究表明,植物性饮食对多种慢性病和健康问题具有积极作用,因此为加强对疾病的管理,人们会选择植物性饮食方式[6]。3)认知因素:知识、信念、意识等认知因素在研究中被证实对饮食的选择有显著的影响。以研究中的青少年为例,对植物性饮食的益处的了解和受父母的影响是选择植物性饮食与否的重要影响因素[18]。4)环保意识的增强:动物性食品生产通常需要消耗大量的资源,并且会造成大量温室气体排放和环境污染。相比之下,植物性饮食具有较低的环境影响,能够更有效地利用耕地资源、实现国家粮食安全[24]、降低温室气体排放、缓解气候变化压力[25]以减少对环境的破坏。当了解到植物性饮食方式对环境的重要性时,有环保意识的人们更愿意选择植物性饮食。
1)家庭饮食习惯:家庭环境和父母的态度对青少年饮食选择有显著的影响,例如:如果父母对于食物的选择占据主动权,当父母鼓励子女食用植物性饮食时,会在一定程度上影响子女对食物的选择,但并不是绝对的[18]。2)社会宣传和支持:以青少年为例,如果他们对植物性饮食方式的转变意愿低,可能与他们对植物性饮食的健康知识、积极影响缺乏了解有关。通过宣传,使他们更加了解植物性饮食,对植物性饮食方式的接受度也会有所提高[18];此外,社会对素食者的污名化也是影响人们采取植物性饮食模式的重要因素[26]。
1)食品成本:在预算有限的情况下,低收入家庭可能更倾向于选择价格较低的植物性饮食,如豆类、谷物和蔬菜以降低食品开支,因为他们通常比动物性食品(如肉类和乳制品)便宜[27]。2)经济状况和消费者意识:随着人们健康意识的提高,经济状况较好的家庭不仅会关注食品的健康益处,还愿意为高质量的植物性食品支付更高的价格,因此更愿意尝试多样化的植物性食物[28]。
1)心血管健康:研究表明,植物性饮食有助于降低心血管疾病(如冠心病、心肌梗死、脑卒中等)的发病风险[29],有利于降低血压、血脂并维持血压的稳定状态。2)糖尿病管理:植物性饮食对2型糖尿病的预防和管理具有积极的影响。研究表明,植物性饮食可以提高机体胰岛素敏感性、修复胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞受损,部分植物性食物可以调节碳水化合物和脂肪代谢相关的关键酶活性,从而有效避免血糖、血脂异常升高,维持机体代谢稳态,最终达到预防糖尿病发生的目标[30]。3)体重控制和代谢综合征:植物性饮食有助于控制体重,并降低代谢综合征的发病风险[31]。由于植物性饮食富含膳食纤维,膳食纤维可以通过提供饱腹感和减少热量消耗来降低体重,长期遵循植物性饮食模式有助于控制热量摄入,进而达到控制体重的效果。同时,植物性饮食可以通过调节异常血脂、缓解胰岛素抵抗、减轻慢性炎症状态从而达到机体代谢功能正常的目的。4)老年人心理健康:健康的饮食方式对于老年人认知功能下降具有重要的保护作用[32]。研究表明,食用健康植物性饮食如全谷物、新鲜水果和蔬菜、豆类、坚果和种子、植物性健康脂肪,避免高度加工、高糖分的植物性食物、反式脂肪和缺乏纤维和营养的精制谷物的不健康植物性饮食的摄入可降低痴呆和抑郁的发病风险[33]。因此,为有效预防和改善老年人的痴呆、抑郁症状,有必要增加健康植物性饮食的摄入量。5)改善肠道健康:植物性饮食富含膳食纤维,能够促进肠道蠕动,增加粪便体积,改善肠道菌群的组成和多样性来预防便秘、肥胖和结肠癌等肠道疾病,同时可以降低肠道炎症水平,实现临床缓解[34]。长期食用植物性饮食的人群肠道菌群更加健康,有益菌的数量相对较多,有助于消化吸收和维持肠道正常功能。
植物性饮食可能会导致某些微量营养素摄入不足。研究表明,虽然与杂食性饮食相比,植物性饮食的碳水化合物、膳食纤维和维生素E的摄入量较高且均符合推荐摄入量,但视黄醇、维生素D、维生素B12摄入量均低于杂食性饮食植物性食物[2]。这是由于视黄醇、维生素D、维生素B12的主要来源为动物源性产品,植物性食物缺乏这些微量营养素。因此,要想保持营养平衡应在植物性饮食的基础上,适量添加其他的动物源性产品。
1)减少资源消耗:植物性饮食在资源利用方面具有显著优势。与动物性食品生产相比,植物性食品生产通常需要较少的土地、水资源和能源。研究表明,饮食结构通过粮食系统的中介作用影响环境,而不平衡饮食和不断增加的人口数量导致不可持续的农业扩张、增加生态系统的脆弱性以及土地和/或水资源的竞争[27,35]。因此,植物性饮食是环境可持续性的关键。而生态系统的恶化不仅对会对自然环境造成影响,也会对人体健康造成间接的影响。例如水污染会导致水源性疾病的发生,如消化道癌症的发生率增加[36]。2)降低温室气体排放:食品系统所产生的温室气体占所有温室气体排放量的1/4,其中高达80%与畜牧业生产有关[25],因此由动物性饮食向植物性饮食转变,可以大幅降低温室气体的排放。研究表明,发达国家和发展中国家采用营养均衡的素食可能是减少全球温室气体排放的有效策略[37]。温室气体的大量排放可被视为一种气体污染的来源,不仅直接危害人体健康,可引发呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统等疾病,还能间接影响健康,像雾霾削弱紫外线辐射,会阻碍人体合成维生素D,易引发小儿佝偻病。此外,大气污染致使人们户外运动减少,增加居民患近视、肥胖等疾病的风险[38]。因此,减少温室气体的排放,不仅可以改善环境质量,同时也是保障居民健康的重要途径。
Satija等[39]开发了植物性饮食指数量表,旨在评估植物性饮食的质量。该量表包括整体植物性饮食指数(PDI)、健康型植物性饮食指数(hPDI)和不健康型植物性饮食指数(uPDI)3个维度,能够全面评估植物性饮食的摄入情况。并且根据营养和烹饪相似性将3个维度分成18个食物组,各食物组摄入量分五分位数,依此给正分或反向分,18个食物组得分总和即为指数。该量表Cronbach's α系数在0.6以上,有较好的内部一致性。Storz[13]在该量表的基础上提出了一个标准化的植物性饮食干预检查表,这表明该量表不仅可应用于观察性研究,还涉及干预研究。Liu等[40]使用该量表评估植物性饮食对前列腺病人疾病进展的影响。虽然整体植物性饮食指数在多项研究中应用,但其在不同人群和文化背景的适用性尚未得到充分验证。
《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》[41]提出,要把人民健康放在优先发展的战略地位,由“以治病为中心”转向“以健康为中心”,实现主动健康管理。其中,健康生活方式是推进“健康中国2030”战略的重要一环,强调营养均衡、推广科学营养知识、促进食品营养标签标准化、提升公众膳食素质。全民健康生活方式行动落地社区才是行之有效的解决方案。因此,在某城市的“绿色生活计划”中,社区积极推广植物性饮食理念。以居民李先生一家为例,起初,他们的饮食结构与多数家庭无异,大量摄入肉类及加工食品。然而,随着计划推进,李先生参与了社区组织的营养讲座与烹饪课程,深入了解植物性饮食益处后决定尝试改变。李先生家的早餐以往为简单的培根鸡蛋面包,油脂丰富,结构单一,现转变为燕麦粥搭配新鲜水果、坚果及全麦面包片,具有丰富膳食纤维与植物蛋白。午餐时,生菜、黄瓜、番茄、胡萝卜等多样蔬菜均衡搭配,主食选用糙米饭或全麦面条或加入豆腐、香菇等食材烹饪中式素烩。晚餐则以清蒸蔬菜搭配紫薯或玉米,佐以少量亚麻籽油。坚持数月后,成效显著。家庭成员体重渐趋健康,血脂、血压指标改善。孩子过去常因积食不适,如今肠道功能稳定,不再便秘。因植物性食材成本优势与减少肉类消费,家庭食品开支降低约20%,废弃物减量超30%,同时蔬果残余易堆肥,促进社区环保与资源循环利用。“绿色生活计划”不仅倡导植物性饮食,还与“健康中国”所提倡的健康生活方式相契合,强调均衡饮食、适量运动和资源节约,旨在提高居民的整体生活质量。
本研究采用Walker和Avant的概念分析法,对植物性饮食进行了定义和概念界定,指出其为以植物为主的食物选择,可能排除动物产品。植物性饮食的后果概括为健康益处、潜在风险和环境影响。健康益处涉及心血管疾病、糖尿病、代谢综合征发病风险降低,体重控制,老年人心理健康和肠道健康;潜在风险包括营养不足;植物性饮食还可以通过减少资源消耗、温室气体排放以及减轻环境污染等对环境的影响,间接降低代谢性疾病、肿瘤、痴呆及抑郁等疾病的发病风险。未来研究应结合植物性饮食的概念框架及个性化因素,进一步探索全面、精准的评估工具,利用大数据和人工智能技术开发多维度、个性化植物性饮食评估系统;从多学科交叉视角深入探究植物性饮食与疾病关联的分子机制,并充分考虑健康差异性,开展分层研究或精准营养研究,进一步验证植物性饮食的长期综合效益和潜在营养风险,为个性化调整及干预措施提供更坚实的科学依据。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.012
  • 接收时间:2025-02-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-27
  • 修回日期:2025-11-18
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    1延边大学,吉林 133002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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