Article(id=1322165062165451426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322164984558243894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=1763136000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158315458, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158315458, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158315458, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158315458, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164984558243894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158296955, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158296955, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=77, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322165062442275491, articleId=1322165062165451426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of 542 PICU nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province and its influencing factors, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the current status and latent profiles of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU),and to analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

From December 2024 to January 2025,a stratified sampling method was used to select 542 PICU nurses from 15 Grade-A tertiary hospitals in 13 regions of Hubei province as the research subjects.A general information questionnaire,the Nurses' Perception of Interpersonal Exchange Communication Questionnaire,the Information Competence Scale,and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were used for investigation.The latent profiles of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication and the influencing factors of different profiles were analyzed.

Results

The score of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province was(76.31±12.68),which was at a moderately high level. The perceived nurse-physician interpersonal exchange of PICU nurses could be divided into 3 latent profiles:low-perception type (11.07%),medium-perception type(42.25%),and high-perception type(46.68%).Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the low-perception type,nurses with higher information competence,no compassion fatigue,or mild compassion fatigue had a higher probability of belonging to the medium-perception type and high-perception type(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The PICU nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province is at a moderately high level.There is group heterogeneity.Nursing managers should identify the characteristics of nurses in each profile at an early stage and adopt targeted management strategies to improve the level of perception of interpersonal exchange communication and the quality of team interaction among PICU nurses.

, authors=Yun JIANG, Jinxiu CHEN, Xiao WU, Ying LUO, Genzhen YU, authorsList=Yun JIANG, Jinxiu CHEN, Xiao WU, Ying LUO, Genzhen YU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinxiu CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN Jinxiu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322165063188861606, articleId=1322165062165451426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=湖北省542名儿童重症监护病房护士感知医护人际交换的潜在剖面分析及影响因素, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索儿童重症监护病房(PICU)护士感知医护人际交换的现况及其潜在剖面,并分析影响因素。

方法

2024年12月—2025年1月采用分层抽样法,在湖北省13个区域的15所三级甲等医院选取542名PICU护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、感知医护人际交换问卷、信息胜任力量表和职业生活质量量表进行调查,并分析其潜在剖面及不同剖面的影响因素。

结果

湖北省PICU护士感知医护人际交换得分为(76.31±12.68)分,处于中等偏高水平;PICU护士感知医护人际交换可分为3个剖面,分别为低感知型(11.07%)、中感知型(42.25%)、高感知型(46.68%)。Logistic回归分析显示,与低感知型相比,信息胜任力较高、无同情疲劳、轻度同情疲劳的护士归属为中感知型和高感知型的概率更高(P<0.05)。

结论

湖北省PICU护士的感知医护人际交换处于中等偏高水平,且存在群体异质性。护理管理者应早期识别各剖面护士特征,采取针对性管理策略提升PICU护士的医护人际交换水平和团队互动质量。

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江韵,主管护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈锦秀,E-mail:
CHEN Jinxiu, E-mail:
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language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Latent profile analysis of nurses perception interpersonal exchange communication, figureFileSmall=TrAHCy8I/ZFjO/bpkJ9bHQ==, figureFileBig=3kF7/2IdlMh5/sVKD+493A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322529730276995096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PICU护士感知医护人际交换潜在剖面图, figureFileSmall=TrAHCy8I/ZFjO/bpkJ9bHQ==, figureFileBig=3kF7/2IdlMh5/sVKD+493A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322529730390241305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fitting indicators of latent profile model for nurses perception interpersonal exchange communication

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵P各剖面人数(人)
LMRTBLRT
模型111 450.67311 485.03511 459.640542
模型210 326.94610 382.78510 341.5180.8990.025<0.001266/276
模型39 426.4719 503.7869 446.6470.9570.014<0.00160/229/253
模型49 088.7979 187.5889 114.5780.9700.054<0.0018/220/253/61
模型58 979.9739 100.2419 011.3580.9450.033<0.00160/8/215/203/56
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730457350170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PICU护士感知医护人际交换潜在剖面模型的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBIC熵P各剖面人数(人)
LMRTBLRT
模型111 450.67311 485.03511 459.640542
模型210 326.94610 382.78510 341.5180.8990.025<0.001266/276
模型39 426.4719 503.7869 446.6470.9570.014<0.00160/229/253
模型49 088.7979 187.5889 114.5780.9700.054<0.0018/220/253/61
模型58 979.9739 100.2419 011.3580.9450.033<0.00160/8/215/203/56
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730528653339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Score status of the perceived nurse-physician interpersonal exchange scale and information competence scale among PICU nurses(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=542)维度
低感知型(n=60)中感知型(n=229)高感知型(n=253)F值P
感知医护人际交换总分76.31±12.6851.02±9.1770.92±4.14①87.19±3.53①②1 683.62<0.001
合作意愿21.05±3.8013.98±2.9119.76±2.01①23.90±1.97①②610.90<0.001
尊重16.74±3.1210.82±2.1215.45±1.35①19.30±1.32①②997.52<0.001
信任21.67±3.5714.90±3.2020.20±1.65①24.60±0.98①②996.28<0.001
有效沟通16.86±3.1011.32±2.5915.52±1.47①19.38±1.30①②792.28<0.001
信息胜任力总分96.45±19.0779.90±17.2090.39±15.77①105.87±17.29①②85.20<0.001
计算机能力22.86±4.5619.60±4.8521.55±3.76①24.81±4.29①②58.19<0.001
综合应用能力35.92±6.6830.07±6.2233.72±5.86①39.29±5.64①②89.73<0.001
信息能力37.68±9.9930.23±9.0735.11±8.33①41.76±9.81①②54.31<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730599956508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同潜在剖面PICU护士感知医护人际交换和信息胜任力得分比较(x±s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=542)维度
低感知型(n=60)中感知型(n=229)高感知型(n=253)F值P
感知医护人际交换总分76.31±12.6851.02±9.1770.92±4.14①87.19±3.53①②1 683.62<0.001
合作意愿21.05±3.8013.98±2.9119.76±2.01①23.90±1.97①②610.90<0.001
尊重16.74±3.1210.82±2.1215.45±1.35①19.30±1.32①②997.52<0.001
信任21.67±3.5714.90±3.2020.20±1.65①24.60±0.98①②996.28<0.001
有效沟通16.86±3.1011.32±2.5915.52±1.47①19.38±1.30①②792.28<0.001
信息胜任力总分96.45±19.0779.90±17.2090.39±15.77①105.87±17.29①②85.20<0.001
计算机能力22.86±4.5619.60±4.8521.55±3.76①24.81±4.29①②58.19<0.001
综合应用能力35.92±6.6830.07±6.2233.72±5.86①39.29±5.64①②89.73<0.001
信息能力37.68±9.9930.23±9.0735.11±8.33①41.76±9.81①②54.31<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730671259677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single-factor analysis of influencing factors on perceived nurse-physician interpersonal exchange among PICU nurses with different latent profiles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低感知型(n=60)中感知型(n=229)高感知型(n=253)χ2值P
性别女60(100.0)227(99.1)249(98.4)0.846①
男0(0.0)2(0.9)4(1.6)
年龄<26岁11(18.3)31(13.5)23(9.1)12.5180.130
26~<31岁14(23.3)61(26.6)57(22.5)
31~<36岁22(36.7)69(30.1)87(34.4)
36~<41岁11(18.3)48(21.0)51(20.2)
≥41岁2(3.3)20(8.7)35(13.8)
学历专科及以下6(10.0)18(7.9)25(9.9)6.7790.148
本科49(81.7)205(89.5)222(87.7)
研究生5(8.3)6(2.6)6(2.4)
PICU工作年限<2年29(48.3)114(49.8)128(50.6)16.3270.038
2~<6年18(30.0)61(26.6)46(18.2)
6~<11年4(6.7)32(14.0)42(16.6)
11~<16年7 (11.7)17(7.4)19(7.5)
≥16年2(3.3)5(2.2)18(7.1)
职称护士10(16.7)31(13.5)26(10.3)0.049①
护师26(43.3)76(33.2)85(33.6)
主管护师23(38.3)117(51.1)124(49.0)
副主任护师及以上1(1.7)5(2.2)18(7.1)
岗位类型责任护士54(90.0)213(93.0)222(87.7)0.082①
教学或科研护士4(6.7)7(3.1)8(3.2)
护理管理者2(3.3)9(3.9)23(9.1)
婚姻状态未婚19(31.7)65(28.4)56(22.1)0.272①
已婚40(66.7)159(69.4)194(76.7)
离异1(1.7)5(2.2)3(1.2)
同情疲劳无2(3.3)40(17.5)96(37.9)115.459<0.001
轻度19(31.7)112(48.9)133(52.6)
中度21(35.0)55(24.0)20(7.9)
重度18(30.0)22(9.6)4(1.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730763534366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同潜在剖面PICU护士感知医护人际交换影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类低感知型(n=60)中感知型(n=229)高感知型(n=253)χ2值P
性别女60(100.0)227(99.1)249(98.4)0.846①
男0(0.0)2(0.9)4(1.6)
年龄<26岁11(18.3)31(13.5)23(9.1)12.5180.130
26~<31岁14(23.3)61(26.6)57(22.5)
31~<36岁22(36.7)69(30.1)87(34.4)
36~<41岁11(18.3)48(21.0)51(20.2)
≥41岁2(3.3)20(8.7)35(13.8)
学历专科及以下6(10.0)18(7.9)25(9.9)6.7790.148
本科49(81.7)205(89.5)222(87.7)
研究生5(8.3)6(2.6)6(2.4)
PICU工作年限<2年29(48.3)114(49.8)128(50.6)16.3270.038
2~<6年18(30.0)61(26.6)46(18.2)
6~<11年4(6.7)32(14.0)42(16.6)
11~<16年7 (11.7)17(7.4)19(7.5)
≥16年2(3.3)5(2.2)18(7.1)
职称护士10(16.7)31(13.5)26(10.3)0.049①
护师26(43.3)76(33.2)85(33.6)
主管护师23(38.3)117(51.1)124(49.0)
副主任护师及以上1(1.7)5(2.2)18(7.1)
岗位类型责任护士54(90.0)213(93.0)222(87.7)0.082①
教学或科研护士4(6.7)7(3.1)8(3.2)
护理管理者2(3.3)9(3.9)23(9.1)
婚姻状态未婚19(31.7)65(28.4)56(22.1)0.272①
已婚40(66.7)159(69.4)194(76.7)
离异1(1.7)5(2.2)3(1.2)
同情疲劳无2(3.3)40(17.5)96(37.9)115.459<0.001
轻度19(31.7)112(48.9)133(52.6)
中度21(35.0)55(24.0)20(7.9)
重度18(30.0)22(9.6)4(1.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730847420447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Assignment of independent variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值方式
PICU工作年限<2年=0,2~<6年=1,6~<11年=2,11~<16年=3,≥16年=4
职称护士=0,护师=1,主管护师=2,副主任护师及以上=3
同情疲劳重度(0,0,0),无(1,0,0),轻度(0,1,0),中度(0,0,1)
信息胜任力原值代入
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730922917920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

自变量赋值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量赋值方式
PICU工作年限<2年=0,2~<6年=1,6~<11年=2,11~<16年=3,≥16年=4
职称护士=0,护师=1,主管护师=2,副主任护师及以上=3
同情疲劳重度(0,0,0),无(1,0,0),轻度(0,1,0),中度(0,0,1)
信息胜任力原值代入
), ArticleFig(id=1322529730985832481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Multivariate analysis of influencing factors on latent profiles of perceived nurse-physician interpersonal exchange among PICU nurses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在剖面变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
中感知型常量-2.8951.7912.6110.106
信息胜任力0.0260.0115.8800.0151.026[1.005,1.047]
同情疲劳(无)2.5100.8109.6010.00212.306[2.515,60.206]
同情疲劳(轻度)1.2750.4498.0610.0053.578[1.484,8.627]
高感知型常量-0.6341.74613.184<0.001
信息胜任力0.0730.01239.081<0.0011.075[1.051,1.100]
同情疲劳(无)4.2220.94320.026<0.00168.172[10.728,433.184]
同情疲劳(轻度)2.3940.66213.079<0.00110.961[2.994,40.124]
), ArticleFig(id=1322529731057135650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165062165451426, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

PICU护士感知医护人际交换潜在剖面影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
潜在剖面变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
中感知型常量-2.8951.7912.6110.106
信息胜任力0.0260.0115.8800.0151.026[1.005,1.047]
同情疲劳(无)2.5100.8109.6010.00212.306[2.515,60.206]
同情疲劳(轻度)1.2750.4498.0610.0053.578[1.484,8.627]
高感知型常量-0.6341.74613.184<0.001
信息胜任力0.0730.01239.081<0.0011.075[1.051,1.100]
同情疲劳(无)4.2220.94320.026<0.00168.172[10.728,433.184]
同情疲劳(轻度)2.3940.66213.079<0.00110.961[2.994,40.124]
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湖北省542名儿童重症监护病房护士感知医护人际交换的潜在剖面分析及影响因素
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江韵 , 陈锦秀 *, * , 吴晓 , 罗颖 , 余艮珍
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(1): 77-83
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (1) : 77 -83
湖北省542名儿童重症监护病房护士感知医护人际交换的潜在剖面分析及影响因素
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江韵, 陈锦秀*, * , 吴晓, 罗颖, 余艮珍
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北 430030
通讯作者:
陈锦秀,E-mail:
CHEN Jinxiu, E-mail:
作者简介:

江韵,主管护师,硕士研究生

Latent profile analysis of 542 PICU nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province and its influencing factors
Yun JIANG, Jinxiu CHEN , Xiao WU, Ying LUO, Genzhen YU
Affiliations
  • 1Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    CHEN Jinxiu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.010
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目的

探索儿童重症监护病房(PICU)护士感知医护人际交换的现况及其潜在剖面,并分析影响因素。

方法

2024年12月—2025年1月采用分层抽样法,在湖北省13个区域的15所三级甲等医院选取542名PICU护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、感知医护人际交换问卷、信息胜任力量表和职业生活质量量表进行调查,并分析其潜在剖面及不同剖面的影响因素。

结果

湖北省PICU护士感知医护人际交换得分为(76.31±12.68)分,处于中等偏高水平;PICU护士感知医护人际交换可分为3个剖面,分别为低感知型(11.07%)、中感知型(42.25%)、高感知型(46.68%)。Logistic回归分析显示,与低感知型相比,信息胜任力较高、无同情疲劳、轻度同情疲劳的护士归属为中感知型和高感知型的概率更高(P<0.05)。

结论

湖北省PICU护士的感知医护人际交换处于中等偏高水平,且存在群体异质性。护理管理者应早期识别各剖面护士特征,采取针对性管理策略提升PICU护士的医护人际交换水平和团队互动质量。

儿童重症监护病房  /  护士感知  /  人际交换  /  潜在剖面分析  /  影响因素  /  调查研究
Objective

To explore the current status and latent profiles of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU),and to analyze its influencing factors.

Methods

From December 2024 to January 2025,a stratified sampling method was used to select 542 PICU nurses from 15 Grade-A tertiary hospitals in 13 regions of Hubei province as the research subjects.A general information questionnaire,the Nurses' Perception of Interpersonal Exchange Communication Questionnaire,the Information Competence Scale,and the Professional Quality of Life Scale were used for investigation.The latent profiles of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication and the influencing factors of different profiles were analyzed.

Results

The score of nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province was(76.31±12.68),which was at a moderately high level. The perceived nurse-physician interpersonal exchange of PICU nurses could be divided into 3 latent profiles:low-perception type (11.07%),medium-perception type(42.25%),and high-perception type(46.68%).Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the low-perception type,nurses with higher information competence,no compassion fatigue,or mild compassion fatigue had a higher probability of belonging to the medium-perception type and high-perception type(P<0.05).

Conclusions

The PICU nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province is at a moderately high level.There is group heterogeneity.Nursing managers should identify the characteristics of nurses in each profile at an early stage and adopt targeted management strategies to improve the level of perception of interpersonal exchange communication and the quality of team interaction among PICU nurses.

pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)  /  nurse perception  /  interpersonal exchange  /  latent profile analysis  /  influencing factors  /  investigation
江韵, 陈锦秀, 吴晓, 罗颖, 余艮珍. 湖北省542名儿童重症监护病房护士感知医护人际交换的潜在剖面分析及影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (1) : 77 -83 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.010
Yun JIANG, Jinxiu CHEN, Xiao WU, Ying LUO, Genzhen YU. Latent profile analysis of 542 PICU nurses' perception of interpersonal exchange communication in Hubei province and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (1) : 77 -83 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.010
随着“以健康为中心”理念和医药卫生体制改革的推进,医护团队的跨专业、跨部门合作在提高医疗质量和病人健康管理中越来越发挥关键作用[1-2]。感知医护人际交换(perception of interpersonal exchange communication,PIEC)是指护士在与其他医护人员(如医生、同事等)互动中所感知到的情感和心理交换情况[3-4]。研究发现,护士的医护人际交换水平与其工作满意度、团队合作、心理健康以及护理质量密切相关[5]。尤其是儿童重症监护病房(PICU)护士,处于高压环境中,不仅需要处理复杂的护理工作,还要应对病人病情的复杂性和情感压力[6]。护士的感知医护人际交换水平成为衡量其工作状态和护理质量的重要指标。然而,现有研究主要集中于以任务为中心的医护工作交换的探讨和分析[7],而对基于情感、心理等因素的医护人际交换的关注较少。2024年,王亚亚等[8]结合社会交换理论研制了护士感知医护人际交换问卷,为从护士的视角评价基于情感、心理因素的医护人员人际交换水平提供了可靠的测评工具。因此,本研究以湖北省PICU护士为研究对象,探索其感知医护人际交换的现状、潜在剖面特征及相关影响因素,旨在为改善PICU护士的工作环境、提升医护合作水平提供理论支持和实践指导。
为了保证样本的代表性和广泛性,本研究于2024年12月—2025年1月采用分层抽样法进行抽样。湖北省有1个省会城市、11个地级市和1个自治州。第一阶段,为了提高样本的均衡性和覆盖面,在省会城市武汉市选取了3所具有代表性医院的PICU病房进行调查;11个地级市和1个自治州中,每个区域采用方便抽样法选取1所三级甲等医院PICU病房作为调查单位。第二阶段,考虑到不同区域PICU的规模差异,在武汉市3所医院每所医院选取50名护士,在其他区域共12所医院每所医院选取35名护士。样本量计算:样本量为调查量表维度数的15~20倍,考虑到15%~20%的脱落率。本研究涉及变量较多,为确保统计效力,计划样本量不少于400人。最后共选取570名PICU护士,超出目标样本量。纳入标准:1)已取得护士资格证书;2)有PICU的护理工作经历;3)自愿参与本研究。排除标准:1)实习及进修护士;2)调查期间不在岗的护士。本研究经华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院伦理委员会批准(编号:TJ-IRB202412186)。
自行设计,包括年龄、性别、PICU工作年限、岗位类型、职称、学历、婚姻状态等7个条目。
PIEC-N由王亚亚等[8]于2024年研制,用于测量护士视角对医护人员基于情感、心理等因素的人际互动交换情况的感知水平。该量表包括有效沟通、合作意愿、信任、尊重4个维度,共18个条目。采用Likert 5级评分法,“总是如此”计5分,“从不如此”计1分,总分18~90分。得分越高表明护士感知到的人际交换水平越高。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.970,本研究中Cronbach's α系数为0.977。
NICAS由蔡真真等[9]于2022年研制,用于测量护士获取、管理及应用信息的能力水平。该量表包括综合应用能力、信息能力、计算机能力共3个维度,共26个条目。采用Likert 5级评分法,“完全符合”计5分,“完全不符合”计1分,总分26~130分。总分越高代表护士的信息胜任力越好。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.976,本研究中Cronbach's α系数为0.970。
本研究采用的同情疲劳量表原版为Stamm等[10]编制的职业生活质量量表(Professional Quality of Life Scale,ProQOL),在护士群体中广泛应用于同情疲劳的评估。该量表于2013年由陈华英等[11]汉化,用于测量研究对象过去30 d内的同情疲劳状况。中文版量表在条目内容上与原版保持一致,但由于中文版本尚未建立适用于本土人群的常模,无法对得分进行程度划分与解释。因此,本研究在维度和评分标准上仍参照原版量表。量表包括继发性创伤、职业倦怠和同情满意3个维度,每个维度10个条目。量表采用Likert 5级计分法,“从不”计1分,“经常”计5分,每个维度总分为10~50分。参照原版标准,各维度临界值设定:>17分、>27分及<37分。3个维度中,有1个超出临界值为轻度同情疲劳,有2个超出临界值为中度同情疲劳,3个超出临界值为重度同情疲劳。本研究中,该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.825,具有较好的内部一致性。
本研究通过问卷星收集数据,将问卷星问卷链接通过微信发送给各医院的PICU护士长,并说明调查目的、调查对象及问卷填写方式。各医院护士长将问卷推送给符合条件的参与者。问卷首页告知本调查的目的、方法、填写注意事项,完成问卷被视为默认同意参与本研究。如果在填写问卷过程中遗漏项,点击提交时系统会自动提醒补充遗漏内容。每个IP地址仅允许填写1次问卷。研究人员将实时监控后台数据,当连续3 d没有新的问卷提交时,调查将自动结束,并导出数据。资料收集完成后,双人进行数据核查整理,排除答题时间少于5 min或答案选项存在明显规律的问卷。本研究共发放问卷570份,回收有效问卷542份,有效问卷回收率为95.09%。
使用SPSS 21.0软件对护士感知的医护人际交换进行数据分析。对服从正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述,组间比较采用t检验;定性资料采用例数、百分比(%)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法。采用Mplus 8.3软件对护士感知医护人际交换进行潜在剖面模型分析[12],赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)和调整贝叶斯信息准则(adjusted Bayesian information criterion,aBIC)是统计学中常用的模型拟合优度评价指标,它们通过在模型拟合度与模型复杂度之间寻求平衡,帮助研究者在多个候选模型中选择最优模型。值越小表示拟合效果越好;熵取值为0~1,值越大说明分类精度越高,熵>0.8表示分类效果优;罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验(LMRT)和基于Bootstrap的似然比检验(BLRT)检验中P<0.05表示k个剖面模型优于k-1个[13]。以潜在剖面模型的分类结果为因变量进行无序多分类Logistic回归分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
以护士感知医护人际交换的4个维度作为外显指标,拟合了5个模型,各模型的指标见表1。随着类别数目的增多,模型的aBIC、BIC和AIC逐渐变小,类别3~5的信息熵均>0.900,但类别4的LMRT无统计学意义(P=0.054),且类别4、类别5的各剖面样本量存在<5%的情况,因此,综合考虑3个剖面为最优模型。每个类别归属于该潜在剖面的概率分别为0.979,0.979,0.980,说明3个潜在剖面的模型可靠。根据分类结果绘制潜在剖面图,见图1。
护士感知医护人际交换的3种潜在剖面在各条目上均无交点。根据各类别的特点分别命名,类别1共60名(11.07%)护士,占比最少,该类别护士感知医护人际交换程度各维度得分较低,表明护士对医护间基于情感心理等因素的人际交换的感知较少,因此命名为“低感知型”;类别2共229名(42.25%)护士,该类别护士量表各条目得分处于两者之间,表明对医护间基于情感心理等因素的人际交换的感知处于中等水平,因此命名为“中感知型”;类别3共253名(46.68%)护士,占比最大,该类别护士量表各条目得分较高,表明护士对医护间基于情感心理等因素的人际交换的感知较多,因此命名为“高感知型”。
护士感知医护人际交换不同潜在剖面得分比较结果显示,高感知型在各维度得分均高于低感知型,说明更好的信息胜任力与高水平感知医护人际交换有关。护士感知医护人际交换、信息胜任力的总得分及各维度得分情况见表2。
单因素分析结果显示,PICU工作年限、职称、同情疲劳程度、信息胜任力对PICU护士感知医护人际交换潜在剖面有影响(均P<0.05),见表3。
以感知医护人际交换潜在剖面(低感知型为参照组)为因变量,构建Logistic回归模型,各变量赋值见表4。结果显示,与低感知型相比,信息胜任力较高、无同情疲劳、轻度同情疲劳的护士归属为中感知型和高感知型的概率更大,具体见表5。
本研究结果表明,湖北省PICU护士对医护人际交换的感知属于中上水平,这一结论与相关的研究结果[3,14]一致,均显示护士在医护团队中的沟通与互动处于较为积极的状态。董旭等[14]研究发现,三级甲等医院护士普遍感受到较强的医护沟通与情感支持;张娟娟等[3]则在急诊科护士中发现,尽管工作环境复杂,护士与医护人员之间的合作关系仍然较好。研究表明,医护人员之间的有效沟通与信任是提高护理质量和病人满意度的关键因素之一[15]。高水平的医护人际交换不仅有助于建立良好的工作氛围,还能提高团队协作的效率[16]。尤其在高压力的PICU环境中,护理人员经常面临复杂的病例和高压工作环境,医护人员之间的相互理解和情感支持对于缓解压力、提高工作效能具有重要作用[17]。进一步的研究应探讨如何通过优化医护合作模式和改善工作氛围进一步提升护士的职业满意度和护理质量,从而促进病人的全面康复。
本研究发现,湖北省PICU护士的感知医护人际交换可以分为低感知型、中感知型和高感知型3个潜在剖面。低感知型护士以学历为硕士研究生及以上、职称为护师及以下、从事教学或科研的护士以及重度同情疲劳为特征。这些护士通常面临较大的学术压力和工作任务,导致其在医护人际互动中感知较低[18]。此外,重度同情疲劳是低感知型的一个典型特征。已有研究表明,重度同情疲劳会消耗护士的情感资源,降低团队合作质量[19]。建议通过减轻学术和科研压力,为其提供更多的情感支持和心理疏导,帮助缓解同情疲劳,提升其医护人际交换感知。中感知型护士以年龄<31岁、本科学历和中重度同情疲劳为特征。年轻护士往往面临职场压力和情感波动,离异状态可能进一步影响其工作中的情感稳定性,影响其与同事的互动[20],可提供针对性心理支持、职业规划指导和团队建设活动,增强其归属感和情感稳定性。高感知型护士以女性、年龄≥31岁、本科学历或以下、职称为主管护师及以上、无/轻度同情疲劳为特征,这类护士经验丰富,通常能在团队中发挥领导作用,维持较高水平的医护人际交流,更容易在团队中发挥积极作用[21]。可以通过定期的团队合作培训和领导力提升课程,进一步巩固其沟通技巧和团队协作能力。
信息胜任力指的是护士在各类信息任务中所展现出来的获取、管理和应用信息的综合性能力[22]。本研究结果显示,信息胜任力越高的PICU护士,其感知医护人际交换水平也越高。原因可能是信息胜任力较高的护士,对临床信息系统的操作更熟练,更能快获取关键数据并进行信息整合成结构化报告。唐远辉等[23]对湖南省儿科护士信息胜任力的调查结果也显示,高信息胜任力组护士在信息能力维度的得分明显更高,能更精准地识别病情的动态变化,从而减少因信息滞后所致的沟通偏差。另外,高信息胜任力护士能够将原始数据转化为临床研究问题,从而提出针对性的护理建议。在团队合作中,综合应用能力维度得分高的护士在疑难病例讨论中的发言频次和采纳率都更高[24]。这些表现都可有效增强护士的专业认同感,从而强化了人际交换的互惠性[25]。因此,信息胜任力在护士与其他医护人员的人际沟通与协作中具有重要作用。护理管理者应通过定期的培训和支持,帮助护士提升对信息的获取和管理能力,从而促进团队建立更深度的沟通合作。
同情疲劳是指护士因长期接触病人痛苦、死亡等负性情境,导致的情感耗竭和心理困扰[26]。尤其是在PICU等高压环境下,护士长期面对危重病患和死亡事件,易产生情绪耗竭,难以维持有效的沟通和心理支持[27]。本研究结果表明,同情疲劳程度较低的PICU护士感知的医护人际交换水平较高。情绪消耗和倦怠感是同情疲劳的主要症状[28]。情绪消耗使得护士在沟通过程中往往缺乏必要的情感共鸣和支持,与医护团队成员互动时表现得不够热情,从而导致团队合作的障碍[19]。而倦怠感使得护士产生对工作的厌倦和对同事情感支持的回避,甚至可能在日常工作中回避与他人的交流,缺乏积极、有效的情感支持和正向反馈[29]。可见,同情疲劳对护士的情感资源和医护人际交换产生了深远影响,定期的心理健康支持和情感疏导可有效提升PICU护士的医护人际交换水平和团队互动质量。与此同时,实施情感管理培训、帮助护士学习如何调节自己的情感投入、平衡职业责任和自我保护,也能有效减轻同情疲劳,提升整体护理质量。
湖北省PICU护士的感知医护人际交换处于中等偏高水平,可分为低感知型、中感知型和高感知型3个潜在剖面,且信息胜任力和同情疲劳程度对护士感知医护人际交换水平有影响。信息胜任力较高的护士在与医护人员的互动中表现出更高的协作水平,而同情疲劳程度较低的护士则能够更积极地参与到团队的情感交流和沟通中。提示护理管理者应定期开展心理支持、情感管理相关培训、优化工作负担和休息制度等,以提升护士信息获取和管理能力,减少同情疲劳的发生,改善护士的工作状态和团队协作。未来的研究应扩大样本范围,探索不同地区和护理岗位的感知医护人际交换水平及影响因素,如信息胜任力是否可能缓冲同情疲劳的负面影响等,为进一步制定干预措施或策略提供科学依据。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.010
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
  • 修回日期:2025-11-15
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    1华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北 430030

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陈锦秀,E-mail:
CHEN Jinxiu, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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